ๅႃၑ͈डၻக΄ͼΡρͼϋ ȇ ๅ৪͈ণത ● ႃၑഎ̈́ๅக͈௯ૺ ● ൫ྶ̞̾̀ͅ ● ࡄ͈̯ୃ̫̤ͥͅݪ௯ૺ ● ༎ਬܖ̤͍͢ίυΓΑ ● ๅ၎࣐ୣහ̞̾̀ͅ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉ଲٮခତ͈ๅ২́Ȃ 700 ո ષ͈ڠڠٛ͂ࠈ̱̞̀ͥȃ ൚২͉̞ࣞႃၑܖͬै ͤષ̬̭͈ͥ͂ਹါͬে̱Ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ ͈࣐ۏ๊̤̫ͥͅႃၑഎ̈́ๅڰ൲͈௯ૺ৾ͤͅழ ̞ͭ́ͥȃ ུ͉́Ȃ ڠๅ̤̫ͥͅ৽̈́ႃၑષ͈ ࡔ௱ͅచ̳ͥχͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͈ၛાͬা̱Ȃ ႃ ၑ࣐൲͈௯ૺȂ ࿚ఴ͈อါ֦ͬࣉख़̳ͥȃ ུ͢ͅ ݈ͤა̦௯ૺ̯ͦȂ ຈါ̈́་ࢵ࣐̞ͬȂ ̷͈་ࢵඤယͅ ̞͉̾̀Ȃ डၻ͈க႕ͥ͢ͅषഎ̈́ঐૻͬা̳̭ͥ ͂ͬ࿒എ̱̞͂̀ͥȃ ● ே̤͍͢ນ࡛͈ਫ਼ခࡀ Ȩ̹ͦΡ΅νιϋΠ̜́ͥȃ ̭̭͉ͅȂ ༎ਬैު́ ߚ̳ͥ໙ࢩ̞ႃၑ࿚ఴ͂கഎ̈́࿚ఴ͈ၰ࿂̦৾ͤ ષ̬̞ͣͦ̀ͥȩ ● डၻக͈ྶ ȶ Child & Adolescent Mental Healthȷ ༎ਬ৪ Panos Vostanis Ȩளୀ̱̞ͣȃ අͅ Ȧडၻ͈கȧ ͈Γ·Ώοϋ̦ܨ ͅව̞̽̀ͥȃ ခૂ̈́ף༭࡙̈́ͥͅȩ ȶ Oral Diseasesȷ ވ൳༎ਬ৪ Bruce Baum Ȩ̩͢ե̠࿚ఴͬ࿌္̱Ȃ ِș͈கܰํͬ࢜ષ̵̯ ̹͈ͥ͛ͺͼΟͺ̦̯̞ܳͦ̀ͥȩ ȶ The Journal of Physiologyȷ ۯၑ༎ਬ৪ Carol Huxley ȶๅႃၑ͈डၻக΄ͼΡρͼϋ ȇ ๅ৪͈ণത (Best Practice Guidelines on Publication Ethics: A Publisher’s Perspective)ȷ ࣭षႉ ਠΐλȜσ (International Journal of Clinical Practice) ͈͈͜خݺ ͂ໝୋ̯̹ͦȃ Graf C, Wager E, Bowman A et al. Int J Clin Pract 2007;61(s152):1–26. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.17421241.2006.01230.x www.BlackwellPublishing.com/PublicationEthics ࿒ষ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσๅႃၑ : ႃၑഎ̈́ๅக͈௯ૺ 1 ࠊ 1 ๅႃၑ͈डၻக΄ͼΡρͼϋ ȇ ๅ৪͈ণത 1 9 ๅ၎࣐ୣහ̞̾̀ͅ ே̤͍͢ນ࡛͈ਫ਼ခࡀ 10 ൔै͂ಠैࡀ 10 എਫ਼ခࡀ͈༗ࢌ 10 10 ་ࢵ͈൵ව : χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ̦͈̠̓ͬ͢ͅ׳̥̳ͥރ 1 औඋ৪࣐և͂എਫ਼ခࡀ ૺا 1 έυȜΙλȜΠ 11–26 ࢹ଼ 1 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶࡔಠ৪͈་ࢵȷ 11–13 ̤࿚̵ࣣ୶ Ȇ ๅႃၑΰσίΟΑ· 1 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶਹໝ Ȫඵਹȫ ๅ͈̦݃݅ ̜ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ 14–15 ๅႃၑ͈डၻக΄ͼΡρͼϋ 2 16–17 ൫ྶ̞̾̀ͅ 2 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶΟȜΗᒐ௮͈̦̜݃݅ͥ ાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ ৪͉̥ȉ 2 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶൔै͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈ చੜ༹ȷ 18–19 ͈͈̥ͥ͢͜ͅȉ 2 3 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶൎࣂაͅႃၑ࿚ఴ͈̦݃݅ ̜ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ 20 ًͅݲๅ̯̞ͦ̀ͥა̥ȉ ࡄ͈̯ୃ̫̤ͥͅݪ௯ૺ 4 21 ࡄ͈ݪະୃ࣐և 4 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶ༎ਬࠨ͈͒փ݅૭̱ၛ̀ͅ చ̳ͥచੜ༹ ࡄݪ४ح৪ȟࡑ৪͈ࡀ၌͈༗ࢌ 5 22 ͈ॲ͍̤֒͢اఄਹ έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶ࣐ۏͅచ̱̀ߎૂ̦̯̹ͦ ાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ 5 5 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶඋ৪̦ๅაͅٳা̯̞ͦ̀ ̞̈́၌ٺచၛ͈̦̜݃݅ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ 23 ࡄ͍̤͢ݪๅ͈ະୃ࣐և͈උ৪͈͒ ༎ਬܖ̤͍͢ίυΓΑ 6 24 औඋΏΑΞθ 6 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶऔඋ৪̦ൎࣂაͅٳা̯̞ͦ̀ ̞̈́၌ٺచၛ͈̦̜݃݅ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ औඋ৪͈හ̤͍͢ުୡ 6 25 ։݈૭̱ၛ̞̀̾̀ͅ 7 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶΌȜΑΠಠ৪Ȃ ྴနಠ৪Ȃ ௭ဓ ಠ৪൝Ȃ ࡔಠ৪͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చ؊ȷ ၌͈ٺచၛ 7 έυȜΙλȜΠ ȇ ȶऔඋ৪̦ಠ৪͈ே̤͍͢ΟȜ Ηͬൔဥ̱̹̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ 26 ༎ਬ৪͈ඊၛ̞̾̀ͅ 8 ୃ̞̀̾ͅږ 8 ႃၑ༷ૻΞϋίτȜΠ 27 ݪڠഎ݈ა 8 ४ࣉࡃ ၔນঞඤ௰ 1 χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσๅႃၑ ȇ ႃၑഎ̈́ๅக͈௯ૺ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉ଲٮခତ͈ๅ২́Ȃ 700 ոષ͈ڠڠٛ ͂ࠈ̱̞̀ͥȃ ൚২͉̞́ࣞႃၑܖͬैͤષ̬̭͈ͥ͂ਹါͬ ে̱Ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͈࣐ۏ๊̤̫ͥͅႃၑഎ̈́ๅڰ൲ ͈௯ૺ৾ͤͅழ̞ͭ́ͥȃ ࠊ ڠๅ͉Ȃ ှͅջం̳ͥ໐̦ఱ̧̞ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉ࢷר৪ͬှ̱ ̀ୃ̈́ບ̞࣐ͬثȂ ಠ৪͉༎ਬ৪ͬှ̱̀ഐහ͈ࢷר৪͍ͬȂ උ৪̷͉͈ࢷרίυΓᾼှ̤̩ͬȃ ڠๅ͉Ȃ ڠȂ ࠐफȂ শͅ ͉ଽহ̞̹۪͈͂̽́ئޏ၌̧͍̾ࠫͅٺȂ ඏ͞އ̧̭̳̭ͬ֨ܳ͂ ̜ͥ͜ȃ എࠨ̈́ږ౯͞Ȃ ̭̠̞̹̽ޣגႁ̠̩ͬ͘ե̢̞ͥޑ༎ਬίυΓΑ ͉Ȃ ڠڠٛȂ ࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪Ȃ ಠ৪Ȃ ࡄݪ׳৪Ȃ උ৪Ȃ ๅ৪ͅ ခ̈́ףȂ خෝ́࢘ၚഎ̈́ๅΏΑΞθͬ௯ૺ̳ͥȃ ̹ͦๅ͈ க͉ߘடͅြષ̦͈͉̩ͥ́̈́͜Ȃ ୟޭഎͅ௯ૺ̱͉̲̀͛̀ږၛ̯ ͈̜ͦͥ́ͥ͜ȃ ๅႃၑ͈डၻக΄ͼΡρͼϋ ȇ ๅ৪͈ ণത ུ͉́Ȃ ڠๅ̤̫ͥͅ৽̈́ႃၑષ͈ࡔ௱ͅచ̳ͥχͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ ·;Ϳσ͈ၛાͬা̱Ȃ ႃၑ࣐൲͈௯ૺȂ ࿚ఴ͈อါ֦ͬࣉख़̳ͥ͜ ͈̜́ͥȃ ུͤ͢ͅȂ ݈აͬ௯̱Ȃ ຈါ̈́་ࢵ࣐̞ͬȂ ̹͘Ȃ ̷͈་ ࢵ̞͉̾̀ͅȂ डၻ͈க႕ͥ͢ͅषഎ̈́ঐૻͬা̳̭ͥ͂ͬ ࿒എ̱̞͂̀ͥȃ ̭͈ͦͣঐૻ͉Ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͈࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪Ȃ ڠ̳ͥ߸۾ ڠ̫ٛ͒࢜̀Ȃ ̷̸͈ͦͦๅႃၑଽॐ̤͍͢ΏΑΞθ͈ٳอȂ ࣐͈̹͈͛ࣸழ͙̳ͬͥރ࿒എ́ै଼̯̹͈̜ͦ́ͥ͜ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ή ρΛ·;Ϳσ͉Ȃ ༎ਬ৪ͅచ̱Ȃ ̭͈΄ͼΡρͼϋͬनဥ̱Ȃ ͈ুڎๅ۪ ͈ޏΣȜΒͅഐ̵ࣣ̯̭ͥ͂ͬଔ̳ͥȃ ་ࢵ͈൵ව ȇ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ̦͈̠̓͢ ̈́ͬ׳̥̳ͥރ ུ́া̯ͦͥࡉٜ͉Ȃ ༎ਬ৪̦͞ૻ༷͈ুڎίυΓΑ͈ࡉೄ̱Ȃ ٨ୃ ͬ௯̱̠͈̜ͥ́ͥ͜ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉Ȃ ൚২͈࣐ۏ͈ࢷר ً̤̞̀ͅ༎ਬ৪̱ͬ׳Ȃ ࠨ͈ুڎͅਲ̽̀Ȃ ͍̤͢ૻ༷͈ুڎ ίυΓΑ͈ࡉೄ̱̳ͬͥ׳ȃ ૺا අ֓̓̈́ͅٮڠȂ ުͤ͢ͅٮȂ ๅႃၑ̞͈̾̀ͅა̦ͅ௸ݢജ̯ٳ ̞ͦ̀ͥȃ ൚২͉Ȃ ̷ͦͅ؊̲Ȃ ଟশ΄ͼΘϋΑͬࢵ૧̳ͥȃ ࢹ଼ ๅႃၑ๊͈֚എ̈́ࡔ௱̞͈̾̀ͅ໙ࢩ̞ΞȜζͬΈσȜί̫̱Ȃ ݈ ა̳ͥȃ ࡔ௱͈୰ྶ͈ࢃͅȂ ͬޣגဓ̢̠ͥါ֦ͬা̳ȃ Γ·Ώοϋ͈ਜ਼ ੬͉୶ਜ਼պͬփྙ̳͈͉̞ͥ́̈́͜ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσๅႃၑٛ ȇ Alyson BowmanȂ Suzan FiackȂ Chris GrafȂ Andrew RobinsonȂ Allen Stevens ུ͈ ै଼̜̹ͤͅȂ Elizabeth Wager ঙ Ȫ Sideview ২Ȃ ๅϋσΗϋΠȫ ͈ϋσΗϋΠ̱͈̤͂̀ႁഞ̢Ȃ έυȜΙλȜΠ͈၌ဥ̹̯̽ئͬخݺ ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ (Committee on Publication Ethics)Ȃ ࡉে̯ͬ̽ئރ ̹൚২͈ 25 ྴ͈ࢷר৪ΩΥςΑΠ͈ٯအۜͅ৫͈փͬນ̳ȃ ȶๅႃၑ͈डၻக΄ͼΡρͼϋ ȇ ๅ৪͈ণത (Best Practice Guidelines on Publication Ethics: A Publisher’s Perspective)ȷ ࣭ षႉਠΐλȜσ (International Journal of Clinical Practice) ͈ ͈͂͜خݺໝୋ̯̹ͦȃ Graf C, Wager E, Bowman A et al. Int J Clin Pract 2007;61(s152):1–26. www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ j.1742-1241.2006.01230.x ̤࿚̵ࣣ୶ Ȇ ๅႃၑΰσίΟΑ· χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͈࣐ۏͅࠈͩͥ༎ਬ৪̦Ȃ ๅႃၑ̞̾̀ͅඅ͈ৗ࿚̦̜ͥ ાࣣ͉ͅȂ ̴͉͘χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσอ࣐ๅζΥȜΐλȜ̹͉͘༎ਬ৪̤ͅ࿚̞ ̵ࣣ̩̺̯̞ͩȃ ̷͈ఈ͈̮ৗ࿚͉Ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;ͿσႃၑΰσίΟΑ·̤́͘࿚̵̞ࣣ̞̯ͩئȃ ιȜσ ȇ [email protected] 2 ๅႃၑ͈डၻக΄ͼΡρͼϋ ུ͉́Ȃ ڠๅ̤̫ͥͅ৽̈́ႃၑષ͈ࡔ௱ͅచ̳ͥχͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ ·;Ϳσ͈ၛાͬা̱Ȃ ႃၑഎ࣐൲͈௯ૺȂ ࿚ఴ͈อါ֦ͬࣉख़̳ͥȃ ུ݈ͤ͢ͅა̦௯̯ͦȂ ຈါ̈́་ࢵ࣐̞ͬȂ ̹͘Ȃ ̷͈་ࢵ̾ͅ ̞͉̀Ȃ डၻ͈க႕ͥ͢ͅषഎ̈́ঐૻͬা̳̭ͥ͂ͬ࿒എ̱͂̀ ̞ͥȃ ൫ྶ̞̾̀ͅ ৪͉̥ȉ ͈͈̥ͥ͢͜ͅȉ උ৪͉Ȃ ࡄݪίυΐͿ·Π͞ୠอ࣐͈߄ރ৪̦̥ͬͥࡀ၌̦ ̜ͥȃ ಠ৪ςΑΠ͉ͅȂ ͥ͢ͅै̥̦ୃͅږ̞̫̯̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ͦדȃ ๅै͉ 1 ྴ̹͉͘ໝତ͈ಠ৪ͅ௺̳͈̫̞́̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͜ȃ ● ͈̀ࡄݪაͅȂ ࡄݪ߄ރ৪̦ࠇश̯̫̞ͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ࣐ۏ͈ൎࣂ͉ܰͅȂ ڠഎಠै͈ࡔಠ৪̢̦༷ࣉ͈̞̀̾ͅڒ ୰ྶ̯ͦȂ ͈̠࣓̓̈́͢ࡃ̦ࡔಠ৪̱͈͂̀ͦͣ͛ͬڒȂ ̠̞̹̓̽ ાࣣ̞͈̥͛ͣͦ̈́ͬͅྶা̯̫̞ͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ႕̢͊Ȃ ̞̥̈́ͥๅ̞̾̀͜ͅȂ א၌ٛ২Ȃ ౬ఘȂ ଽຸ͈જ ͈͉̈́̓Ȃ ̷͈ক̷͈ͬๅͅྶܱ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ Ȫ႕ ȇ ࡄݪაȂ აບȂ τΗȜȂ ა୰Ȃ ٜ୰൝͚ͬ܄ȫȃ ● ࡄݪΟΎͼϋȂ ৪ȟಠ৪͈नဥȂ ΟȜΗਓਬȂ ΟȜΗଢ଼Ȃ ࡔࣂ Ȃ ̹͉͘ๅࠨ͈ۯၑ̈́̓ͅࠈͩͥࡄݪ৪̤͍͢൚ম৪ ͈͉ڬȂ ๅͅྶܱ̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ȃ ̹̺̱Ȃ ಠ৪ȟ࣓ࡃ৪ςΑΠ̥ ̷͈̭̦ͣ͂ྶ̥ͣ̈́ાࣣ͉ੰ̩ȃ ● ๅͅచ̷̳͈ͥఈ͈ͅࣂࡔͅږྶ͜׳া̯̫̞ͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ુ͉Ȃ ৫ৃͅྶܱ̳ͥȃ ႕̢͊Ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ Ȇ ϋρͼϋ Ȇ Ȝίϋ ȪȜίϋͺ·ΓΑȫ ๅȂ ຊ׳ȟ༎ਬ͈͒׳߄ރ ̦̭ͦͥͦ͘ͅ܄ાࣣ̜ͥ͜ȃ ● ρθ 1 ४ચȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉࣓ࡃ৪ͅȂ ࡔಠ৪͈ૻ༷͈̞̀̾ͅڒඤယͬ ̱ܳۓȪ႕ ȇ ֓ڠॠধ༎ਬ৪࣭षտ֥ٛ [ICMJE] ͈ܖ [1]ȫȂ ഐ୨ͅॐ̯̹ͦಠ ै৪࡞͈ࡕͬ႗̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ȃ ● ࡄ ݪȆ ๅً͈͈́ࡢ૽͈࣓ࡃͬࠇश̳̭ͥ͂ͤ͢ͅȂ ਲြ͈ಠ৪͈ ࠇशͤ͢͜൫ྶͬࣞ͛Ȃ ȶΌȜΑΠȷ ಠ৪ Ȫಠ৪̦̜͉ͥڒঙྴ̦ࠇ श̯̞ͦ̈́ࡢ૽ȫ ͞ ȶΊΑΠ Ȫྴနȫȷ ಠ৪ Ȫࡄͅݪೄ୪͈ͬͤͩ۾̹ ̴Ȃ ಠ৪̦̞͉̈́ڒȂ ڠ໐ಿ͈̜̹̈́̓ͥ͛ͅঙྴ̦ࠇश̯ͦ̀ ̞ͥࡢ૽ȫ ̈́̓ະഐ୨̈́ಠ৪ࠇशͬஷগ̧̳̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉͈̀ಠ৪̦Ȃ ࣐ۏ͈ࡔಠ৪̱͈͂̀ܖͬྖ̹̱Ȃ ̭͈ܖ ͬྖ̹̯̞̈́ࡢ૽͉ಠ৪ςΑΠ̥ͣڬՔ̳̞̠ͥ͂ক͓̹ͬ࡞ͬ͛ݥ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ๅ͈ࡔಠ৪̱͈͂̀ܖͬྖ̹̯̞̈́ࡢ૽ͥ͢ͅๅ͒ ͈ఉఱ࣓̈́ࡃ͈̀ͬಠ৪̦̹̭̳͛͂ͬͥږྶ̫ͬ͊ͦ̈́͛ݥ ̞̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ႕̢͊Ȃ ̷͈࣓ࡃഽ̽̀͢ͅȂ ಠ৪͈༎ਬ৪Ȃ ൡࠗଢ଼৪Ȃ ֓ၷಠزȂ ཱུ̹͉͘৪̦̬ͥͦͣݷȃ ρθ 1. डၻ͈க ȇ ൫ྶ̞̾̀ͅ ࡄ͞ݪๅ͈ࡓ͉ુͅྶ̥̱̫̞ͣ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ͅȃ ༎ਬ৪͉̭͈ ক͈ͬুڎ༎ਬ༷ૻͅྶͅږେࣺ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͘ȃ ಠ৪͉ુͅȂ ࡄ ݪ߄ͅૂ̳ͥ۾༭ͬȂ ๅ͈̹̱̹̫͛̈́͊ͦ̈́͛ͅͅ܄ ̞ͣ̈́ȃ ႉদࡑഴ๔̦̜ͥાࣣ͉ͅȂ ̭ͦ͜ྶܱ̳ͥȃ ● ࡔಠ৪̷̹͉͈̞֑̞̦͘ๅஜͅอ̹̱ژાࣣ Ȫ႕ ȇ ಠै৪ς ΑΠࢃ͈་ࢵջှ̈́̓ȫȂ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ࣐ۏ͈ಠै৪༷ૻͬႲ၁ௗ ࢛͂̈́ͥಠ৪̩͢ͅ୰ྶ̱Ȃ ๅैު࣐̳ͬͥஜͅಠ৪̷̦͈་ࢵ ͅ൳փ̳̭ͥ͂ͬږ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ๅࢃͅࡔಠ৪͈̞̀̾ͅڒ̦̭̹ܳ̽ાࣣ Ȫ႕ ȇ ু̦აͅ ಠ৪̱͂̀ࠇश̧̯͓̜̹ͦͥ́̽͂Ȃ ༎ਬ৪ͅྴ̧̹ͤ̀ાࣣȂ ͘ ̹͉ু͈ྴஜͬა̥ͣॉੰ̧̳̭̹ͥ͂ͬ̀͛ݥાࣣ̈́̓ȫȂ ༎ਬ৪ ͉Ⴒ၁ௗ࢛͂̈́ͥಠ৪͂Ȃ خෝ̜́ͦ͊ఈ͈ಠ৪͒͜Ⴒ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ൚ڂ ࿚ఴ͈૯ͬྶ̞̫̱̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ͅږȃ ● ࡔಠ৪ܰͅږྶͬૻ༷͈̞̀̾ͅڒ̱Ȃ ྶࡔ̈́ږಠ৪͈ڒ૭࣬ ̫̹ͬાࣣ Ȫಠ৪̦ࣣփܖͬྖ̹̱Ȃ ࡔಠ৪ͅڒ̳ͥࡢ૽ ̦ੰ̞̞̯͂̈́̀ͦٸ૭̯̹࣬ͦાࣣȫȂ ଘ̈́ࣉ͉̭̭̦̞֑͂ͥܳۼ ̢̩̞̦ͅȂ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ̧̭͈̠̹̦̞֑̈́ܳ͢ۼાࣣ͉Ȃ ഁୃ͈ๅ͜ ൦̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ȃ ● ρθ 2Ȃ 3Ȃ 4 ४ચȃ ● ȶಠै৪͈་ࢵȷ Ȫ11~13 βȜΐȫ ͅ ̳ͥ۾COPE έυȜΙλȜΠͬ४ચȃ 3 ρθ 2. डၻ͈க ȇ ࡔಠ৪͂৫ৃ ֓ڠॠধ༎ਬ৪࣭षտ֥ٛ (ICMJE, The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) ͉́֓ၷո͜ͅٸഐဥ̧́ͥࡔಠ৪͈ ̱̞݅ͬܰ̀ͥ [1]ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́Ȃ ࣐ۏ͈༎ਬ৪̦ڎ ু͈༎ਬ༷ૻ͈۪̱֚͂̀Ȃ ICMJE ͥ͢ͅࡔಠ৪͈ܖڒͬनဥ̳ͥ͢ ̠ஒ̞͛̀ͥȃ ICMJE ͈ࡔಠ৪ܖڒ͉́Ȃ ȶࡔಠ৪͈ဥഽ͉Ȃ ˍ. ࢹ ேȂ ΟΎͼϋȂ ΟȜΗਓਬȂ ΟȜΗ͈ଢ଼ٜ͂৷ͅৗഎ࣓̈́ࡃ̱̞ͬ̀ͥȂ 2. ა͈ܳȂ ਹါ̈́എඤယ̳ͥͅ۾എ̈́ਘୃ࣐̞ͬ̽̀ͥȂ 3. ๅ͈ٴა͈डਞઇ࣐̞̭̳̭̩ͬ̽̀ͥ͂ͥ͂͂̿ͅܖȷ ͓̞͂̀ͥȃ ಠ৪͉̭̳͓͈ͦͣ̀ૄͬྖ̹̳͈̳͂ͥ͜ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́Ȃ ༎ਬ৪̦ಠ৪ͅͅࣂࡔ͈ুڎచ̱࣓̀ࡃ̱̹ ඤယ͈̳͓̞̀̾̀ͅȂ ۰ࠩ̈́୰ྶ͈̭ͬͬ͂ͥ͛ݥஒ̞͛̀ͥȃ ڎ ಠ৪͈࣓ࡃ̞̾̀ͅ۰ܱࠩͅश̳ͥȃ ࡄݪა͈ಠ৪͉Ȃ ๅ͈̽̈́͂ܖ ̹ࡄݪΟȜΗ͈͒ͺ·Γᾼ̢̦࣐̹̥ۖ๛̥͓̫̞ͬ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ಠ৪̱͙̯̞࣓͂̀̈́ͦ̈́ࡃ৪ܱ͜श̱Ȃ ̦ুڎඅ࣐̹࣓̽ͅࡃ̞ܱ̾̀ͅ श̳ͥȃ ̭͈ඤယ͉৫ৃܱͅश̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ȃ ࡔಠ৪̞͈̾̀ͅ୰ྶȟ৫ৃ͈႕ AȂ BȂ C ฎআ̦Ȃ ۛ৪͈नဥȂ ΟȜΗਓਬȂ ΟȜΗଢ଼͈ͬݪࡄུ͚܄ ْ̤͍ࠗ͢ঔ࣐̹ͬ̽ȃ BȂ C ฎআ̦ਹါ̈́എૂ༭̱ͬ̀ރȂ A ฎ আ̦࣐̹ܳͬ̽ȃ ಠ৪͉֥Ȃ डਞࡔࣂͅ൳փ̱̹ȃ Ȫܱྴ۾ܥවȫ ͅ ͤ͢Ȃ ࡄݪ߄͈ރȂ AȂ BȂ C ฎআ̹̯ͤͦ͢ͅރΟȜΗଢ଼͈ൡࠗ ׳ރȂ ༎ਬ͈̦࣐̹͒ͩͦȃ AȂ BȂ C ฎআ͉ࡄݪΟȜΗ͈͒ͺ ·Γᾼ̧࣐̠̭̦̹ͬۖ͂́ȃ ུࡔࣂຊಎͅ༎ਬͬ׳ئރ ̯̹̽ D ฎআ͒ۜ৫͈փͬນ̳ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͈࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ̷͈ๅஜͅȂ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ· ;Ϳσ Ȇ ·Α·σȜΏή Ȇ ρͼΓϋΑ Ȇ έȜθ (The Wiley-Blackwell Exclusive License Form)Ȃ ϋρͼϋ Ȇ Ȝίϋ Ȇ έȜθ (OnlineOpen Form)Ȃ ಠैࡀঐাέȜθ (Copyright Assignment) ̴͈̞̥ͦͬȂ ̦ͥͦͣ͛ݥȃ ̴̞ͦ͜Ȃ Ⴒ၁ௗ࢛͂̈́ͥಠ৪̦ఈ͈ވಠ৪ͤ͢ ̫̹აๅ͈ઇͬ́া̳̭̦ͥ͂ຈါ̜́ͥȃ ρθ 3. ̹ͦக ȇ ࡔಠ৪ૂ༭͈ਓਬ ڠა͈ાࣣȂ ࡔಠ৪͉ڒȂ ࡄٳݪইশതͅࠨ̫͛ͣͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ ̞̈́ȃ ࡔಠ৪͈ܰڒ͉Ȃ ༎ਬ৪͈ୣහ಼̢͈֖͈̜ͬͥ́ͥ͜ȃ ༎ਬ ৪͉Ȃა͈࣓ࡃ৪̞̾̀ͅȂ൫ྶ͈̜ͥۖ̈́୰ྶ̳͈ͬͥ͂ͥ͛͜ݥȃ ༎ਬ৪͉࣓ࡃ৪͒ࡔಠ৪ܖڒͬഥ̢̹ͥ͛ Ȫनဥ̯̹ͦાࣣȫȂ ̤͢ ͍ȟ̹͉͘Ȃ ࡢș͈࣓ࡃ৪ૂ༭ͬୃͅږව̳̹ͥ͛ͅഐ୨̈́ΏΑΞθͬ नဥ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ̭̱ͦ̀ͅ۾Ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉Ȃ ൚২ ͈༎ਬ৪ͅαΑΠ̈́ͺΡΨͼΑ͈خ̦ރෝ̜́ͥȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ ഩঊΏΑΞθͬ၌ဥ̳̭ͥ͂ͤ͢ͅȂ ࡔಠ৪ܖڒͬ୰ྶ̱Ȃ ࡔಠ ৪͈ૂ༭ͬ࢘ၚഎͅਓਬ Ȇ ۯၑ̧̳̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃ ༎ਬ৪͉ಠ৪ͅȂ ड͈͈֚໐̱͂̀Ȃ ಠ৪̱ܱ͂̀श̯̞ͦ̀ ̦ͥ૽ࡢڎഐୃ̈́ࡔಠ৪ܖڒͬྖ̹̱̤̀ͤȂ ࡔಠ৪̱̜͈͂̀ڒ ͥࡢ૽͈ࠇश̦જၞ̴̯̤ͦ̀ͣȂ ࣓ࡃ৪̤͍͢߄ރ৪̦ୃ̱̩͛ ͣͦȂ ಠ৪࣓͂ࡃ৪̦͈ࡃ࣓͈ুڎেͅ൳փ̱̞̭̀ͥ͂ͬা̳ྶ ͈̳͈ͬͥ͂ͥ͛͜ݥȃ ρθ 4. डၻ͈க ȇ ࡔಠ৪̦ΈσȜί̳ͥͅ௺ܦાࣣ ֓ڠॠধ༎ਬ৪࣭षտ֥ٛ (ICMJE, The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) ͉́Ȃ ఉତ͈ಠ৪̦ఱܰ࿅̈́হࡑୣහ֓Έ σȜί͈యͩͤͅ༭࣐̠࣬ͬાࣣȂ ̷͈ঔ΄ͼΘϋΑͬ[ ̞̱ͥ̀ރ1]ȃ ̭͈΄ͼΘϋΑ͉֓ၷո͜ͅٸഐဥ̧͈̜́ͥ́ͥ͜ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ ·;Ϳσ͉́Ȃ ༎ਬ৪͒ ICMJE ͈༷ૻ͈नဥͬஒ̞͛̀ͥȃ ICMJE ͈΄ ͼΘϋᾼ͉Ȃ ষ͈̠͓̞ͣͦ̀ͥ͢ͅȃ ఱܰ࿅́Ȃ ໝତ͈ಎړ଼̥ͣ ͥΈσȜίͥ͢ͅࡄ͉̞̤̀ͅݪȂ ࡔࣂ͈ೄ୪͈ୣහ̧̦̫̥ͬ֨ͥͬ ًͅݲๅ̯̞ͦ̀ͥა̥ȉ ࣐ۏ͈ఉ̩͉Ȃ ఈ́ๅ̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́ैͅࡠ̽̀൦̳̭ͥ͂ͬܛ བ̳ͥȃ ̷͈ၑဇ͈͌͂̾ͅȂ ڠشა͉Ȃ ਹໝๅͥ͢ͅਹఱ̈́ࠫ ̱̀͂ضȂ ث̦̥͇̞̭̦̬ͬ͛ͣͦ̈́͂ͥͦͣ͠ݷȃ ႕̢͊Ȃ ̥ͣة ͈মૂ́Ȃ ࠫ ̦ض2 ٝոષιΗଢ଼̜̦̭ͥ͂ͥͦ͘ͅ܄ȃ ࣐ۏ͈༎ ਬ৪͂උ৪͈ၰ৪͉Ȃ ࡄͅݲً̦ݪๅ̯̞̥̠̥ͦ̀ͥ̓ͬͥࡀ၌ ̦̜ͥȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉̯̹ͦै̤͍͢Ȃ ̷ུ͈ৗഎඤယً̦ͅݲๅ̯̤ͦ̀ ̴ͣȂ ఈ͈́ๅ̦൦̯̞̞̞̠ͦ̀̈́͂ඤယ͈૭࣬ͬಠ৪ͅါ̱̈́ݥ ̫̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ৽ါࡄݪτεȜΠ̦ๅ̯̹ͦࢃͅȂ ਹໝ̦อ̹̱ژાࣣ Ȫ̳̻̈́ͩȂ ًͅݲๅ̯̞̹ͦ̀ાࣣȫȂ ༎ਬ৪͉ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ਹໝๅ ͈ๅͬ൦̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉ಠ৪ͅςΐσैͬါ̱ݥȂ փࡉܱম Ȫ႕ ȇ ა୰Ȃ ఘ ࠏഎაບ̈́̓ȫ ً̦ͅݲๅ̯̞̞̥̠̥ͦ̀̈́̓ͬৗ࿚̳ͥࡀ၌̦̜ ͥȃ ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ̭͈ͦͣๅ͈̓́ۼഽ͈ਹໝ̦̫ව̥ͦͣͦͥ ̞͈༷̾̀ͅૻ̱̫̞ͬܰ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ̞̫̱̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ږȃ ̷̸͈ͦͦಠ৪͉ષܱ͈ࡔಠ৪ܖڒͬྖ ̹̯̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ΈσȜί͈ໝତ͈ಠ৪ͥ͢ͅࡔࣂ̦̯ͦͥषͅ ͉Ȃ Ⴒ၁൚͂̈́ͥಠ৪͉Ȃ ֨ͥͦͣ͛ݥဥͬྶͅږা̱Ȃ ಠ৪ྴ ͍ͅΈσȜίྴͬྶܱ̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ȃ ࡔࣂ͈ೄ୪͈ୣහ̧̫ͬ֨ͥಠ ৪͉Ȃ ͤ͢ఱ̧̈́ಠ৪Έσ ȝ ί͈ιϋΨȜྴͬ৫ৃ̫̬̈́ͅݷ̱̀͂ح ̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ႉࡑ͈ๅ̦̫࣐ͬͥۏ͉Ȃ ๅஜ̥̥ͥͅࡑ͈ഴါ ͬ൦̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࣐ۏ̦Ȃ ๅ͈̹͈͛ႉࡑഴͬ ݅ྩ̫̞̩̿̀̈́̀͜Ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉ႉࡑ͈ྶ̈́ږে༆ͬ௯̱Ȃ ̭ͦͣ ͈ૂ༭̦ๅაඤ͈̭̓ͅນা̯̥̞̠༷ͦͥ͂ૻ̹̫ͬ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ ̞̈́ȃ ● ૧ଢ଼ً̹͉͘ͅݲๅ̯̹ͦΟȜΗ͈ൡࣣ Ȫ႕ ȇ ήΈσȜίଢ଼ȫ ̦ࠇश̯ͦͥა͉Ȃ වخෝ̈́ાࣣ͉ͅႉࡑഴ๔͈ચٛȂ ۾Ⴒ̳֚ͥষๅ͈ۖ̈́ચ͚֚ٛͬ܄ষΟȜΗ࡙ͬྶ̥̱̫ͣ̈́ͅ ̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ρθ 5Ȃ 6 ४ચȃ ● COPE έυȜΙλȜΠ͈ ȶਹໝ Ȫඵਹȫ ๅ͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ Ȫ14~15 βȜΐȫ ४ચȃ ● χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσಠैࡀ̞̩̜̾̀ͥ͢ͅৗ࿚ 1.23 ȶඵਹๅે ͉͂ޙȉȷ [2] ͬ४ચȃ 4 ρθ 5. डၻ͈க ȇ ਹໝ Ȫఉਹȫ ๅ ࣐ۏ͈ๅ͉ܰ́Ȃ ܡ̦ةం͈ๅ͙̯͂̈́ͦ̀Ȃ ܡ̦ةం͈ ๅ͙̯̞̥͂̈́ͦ̈́ͬྶͅږ୰ྶ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ݈͈ٛ́ါ͞ε ΑΗȜȂ ηȜΞͻϋΈ́อນ̯̹ͦࠫ ضȪ႕ ȇ औ֥͞৪͈͒ࡄࠫݪ ͈ض༭࣬൝ȫȂ ͈ࠫضΟȜΗαȜΑ Ȫٜ৷࣐̞̞ͬ̽̀̈́ΟȜΗȂ აࣉȂ ϋΞ·ΑΠȂ ນࠁ͈ࠫაȂ ນࠁ͉́ນ࡛̦ඳ̱̞ΟȜΗȂ ૂ༭ܱͬ ̱̹Ξ΅ΑΠȫ ͉Ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́Ȃ ܡం͈ๅ͉͙̯͂̈́ ̞ͦ̈́ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ Ȇ ·Α·σȜΏή Ȇ ρͼΓϋΑ Ȇ έȜθ (The Wiley-Blackwell Exclusive License Form)Ȃ ϋρͼϋ Ȇ Ȝίϋ Ȇ έȜθ (OnlineOpen Form)Ȃ ಠैࡀঐাέȜθ (Copyright Assignment) ̴͈̞̥̦ͦȂ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ࣐ۏๅͤ͢ஜ ̯̫̞ͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ͅȃ ̭̭͉́ა̦ςΐσ͈͈́͜Ȃ ոஜͅ ๅ̴̯̤ͦ̀ͣȂ ̷͈डਞๅ̦Ȃ ఈ͈ॗঊఘ̹͉͘ഩঊๅ͈ๅ́Ȃ ൦̯̞̞̞̠ͦ̀̈́͂༗બඤယͬႲ၁ௗ࢛͈ಠ৪͈ྴ̞͂͂ͥ̀͛͜ͅݥȃ ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ఈ࡞ࢊ͈ࡔ̥ͣୃཱུͅږ̯̹ͦၳ͈ठๅͬઇ̳ͥ Ȫ̳̻̈́ͩȂ ȶਹໝๅ͉̞́̈́ȷ ͙̳͂̈́ȫ ̧̭̦͂́ͥȃ ၳཱུ͈̤ ͍͢ๅͬե̠࣐ۏ́Ȃ ًͅݲఈ́ๅ̯̹̭͈̜͈̞͉ͦ͂ͥ̾̀͜ͅȂ ഐ୨̦̈́خݺဓ̢̞̭̱ͣͦ̀ͥ͂ͬږȂ ̷͈ၳཱུ̦̯ͦठๅ̯ ̹̭ͦ͂ͬྶܱ̱Ȃ ̷͈ၳ͈ࡔུͬྶ̞̫̯ܱ̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ͅږȃ ֚໐ ਹໝ̤͍͢ఉਹນ࡛͈࠼ැ̦̜ͥાࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪͉߸۾ๅͬໝତ໐ါ ̧̦̭̳ͥ́͂ͥݥȃ ։̈́ͥඋ৪͈చયͬ࿒എ̳͂ͥȂ ֚ষๅ͂൳ ࡞ࢊ́ठๅ̳͈͉ͥȂ ֚ষๅ̦ഩঊๅ̜́ͤ۰ౙͅͺ·ΓΆ̧ͥા ࣣȂ ୃ൚͙̳͈͉͂̈́ࢵͅඳ̱̩̦̈́ͥȂ ༎ਬ৪̦ഐ̱̞̀ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͥાࣣ ͉Ȃ ཱུ͈ાࣣ͂൳̲ίυΓᾼਲ̫̞ͩ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ਹໝๅ̳ͥͅ۾ৗ࿚͂ٝ൞ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ήΈσȜίଢ଼Ȃ ιΗଢ଼Ȃ ඵষଢ଼̦Ȃ ͅܡๅ̯̹ͦΟȜ Ηଢ଼̜̭͈́ͥ͂ږȂ ̷̹͈ͦͣ͘ଢ଼̦֚ষၳ͈ೄ୪എ֨ဥ̜́ ̭͈ͥ͂ྶܱȂ ̯ͣͅ Ȫ၌ဥ̧́ͥાࣣȫ ֚ষๅ͈ႉদࡑഴ๔͈ ܱशͬږ࣐̫̞ͩ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ͅȃ Q. ȶ2 ྴ͈࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪͂ͅވȂ ൔै͂ڠა̞͈̾̀ͅވ൳༎ਬͅ۾ ̳ͥა͈͒४̢̞ͥ̀ࣉͬحȃ ̭͉ͦ൳শͅ 3 ধ́ๅ̯̭ͦͥ͂̈́ͅ ̦ͥȂ ໝତๅ̥̈́ͥͅȃȷ A. ̭͉ͦໝତๅ̱͂̀ഐ୨͈̜̈́́ͥ͜ȃ ໝତๅ͉Ȃ Ȫਹါ̈́ȫ ྶ ͈̯ͬޑഥ̢͈ͥͅͅၛ͈̜̾́ͥ͜ȃ ڎა୰͉Ȃ ४ચ̱͂̀Ȃ ̹͘ೄ ୪എܱ̤̞̈́̀ͅȂ ̤ࡽ̞ͅ࡞̳͈̠ࣣ̱ͥ͂͜ݞȃ Q. ȶজ̹̻͉Ȃ ါͬڠ̥ٛͣๅ̱Ȃ ̷͈ତώࢃͅაͬๅ ̳̭̦̩̜̦ͥ͂ͥ͢Ȃ ̭͉ͦඵਹๅ̥ȃȷ A. ̭͉ͦඵਹๅ͉̞́̈́ȃ ါ͉ࠫͅضȟଢ଼͉া̯̞ͦ̈́ȃ Q. ȶ৽࣐ۏ͈აࡔ̦ๅ̯̹ͦତώࢃͅȂ জ̹̻͈ಎ࣭ࢊๅཱུ̦ ̯̹ͦȃȷ A. ̭͉ͦठๅͅഐ̱̹͈̜́ͥ͜ȃ ཱུა͉৽აཱུ͈̜̭́ͥ ͂ͬྶ̥̱ͣͅ Ȫఉ̩͈ાࣣȂ ৽ఴ໐̀ͅȫȂ ৽აͬೄ୪া̯̫̈́ͦ ̞͊̈́ͣ̈́ ȪါȂ ུȂ ങȂ ݗಕ̀ͅȫȃ ρθ 6. डၻ͈க ȇ ႉদࡑ͈ഴ 2005 ාոြȂ ֓ڠΐλȜσ ȪඅͅȂ The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors ȮICMJEȯ Ȫ֓ڠڠধ༎ਬ৪࣭षտ֥ٛȫ ͈ ֥̦ٛ༎ਬ̱̹ڠধȫ ͈ಎ͉ͅȂ ͅͺ·ΓΑخෝ̈́দࡑഴͅഴͬ ࣐̞࣐̽̀ͥ֓ۏڠ̜ͤ͜Ȃ ႉࡑ͈ๅͥͦͣ͛ͅݥါͬഴ̱̀ ̞ͥ [1]ȃ 2006 ා 5 Ȃ ଲٮ༗࠲( ۾ܥWHO) ͉Ȃ ȶࡄܑ͍̤͢۾ܥݪ ުͅ૽͈ۼহၷࡑ࣐̠͓̳ͬ֓̀ͬݪࡄڠഴ̳ͥȷ ̠͢ͅါ̱̹ [3]ȃ ICMJE ͉́Ȃ ಠ৪ͅ૧̹͉ܰ͘ࠑಎ͈ࡑͬഴ̳̹͈ͥ͛စထۼܢ ͬဓ̢̹ȃ ̭͈စထ ͉ۼܢ2005 ා 9 ́ਞၭ̱̞̀ͥȃ WHO ͉́ ȶႉ দࡑ͉̳͓̀Ȃ ࡑٳইশͅഴ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȷ ͓̞͂̀ͥȃ ࡞̢̞۟ͦ͊Ȃ ۛ৪ȟࡑ৪̦ഴ̯ͦͥஜͅȂ International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Ȫ࣭षႉদࡑഴȫ (http://www.who.int/ ictrp/en/) ͓ͣͦͥͅ 20 ૄ͈ࣜܖͬྖ̹̱̞̫̞̞̠̀̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͂ ̭̜͂́ͥȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉Ȃ ๅͬ൦̳ͥႉদࡑ͈ๅ̞̾̀ͅ ͉Ȃ ๅஜͅྫၳ͈ވႉদࡑഴ Ȫ႕ ȇ www.clinicaltrials.govȂ http://clinicaltrials-dev.ifpma.org/Ȃ http://isrctn.org/ȫ ͒ഴ̳ͥါ ͬݥȂ ֓ڠΐλȜσ͈༎ਬ৪ͅஒ̞͛̀ͥȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ࡛हૺ࣐ಎȂ ̜ ̞͉ͥਞၭ̱̞̀ͥࡑ͈ഴ͈စထ࣐ۏ̸̷͈ͦͦͬۼܢ͈ಠ৪ͅݺ ̧̳̭͂́ͥ͜ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ̷̸͈ͦͦๅ͈۪̠ࣣͅޏࡑഴ༷ૻ ͬၛ̫̞̀̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ̹͘Ȃ ႉࡑͬͅૻ̸̷༷͈̳ͦͦͥ۾ಠ৪ ̧͉̽ͤ͂ͅഥ̢̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ༎ਬ৪̦Ȃ ࣐ۏๅ̫͒࢜Ȃ ഴ ͬ݅ྩ̫̞̿̈́͂ࠨ̱̀͜Ȃ ๅඤͅႉࡑഴ๔Ȃ ࡑഴ ྴͬେࣺ͚༷ૻ̹̫̞ͬ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ̹͘Ȃ ̭͈ૂ༭ͬਓਬ̳̹ͥ͛Ȃ ა͉ഩঊίυΓΑͬनဥ̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ȃ ൎࣂ͈ܰ႕ Ȫ࣐ۏྴொවȫ ͉́Ȃ ൦͈̹̯͛ͦͥͅႉࡑ͈Ȃ ๊֚ͺ·Γ Αخෝ̈́ΟȜΗαȜΑ͈͒ഴͬͥ͛ݥȃ ಠ৪͉ࡑഴྴȂ ႉࡑ๔ ͬါྎ໐ܱͅश̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ഴ࣐̞ͬͩ̈́ࡑ͈൦ ͬ༎ਬ৪ͥ͛ͅݥાࣣ͉ͅȂ ڂ൚ࡑ̦ഴ̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́ၑဇͬ۰ࠩͅ୰ ྶ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࡄ̯ͬୃ̫̤ͥͅݪ௯ૺ ࡄ͈ݪະୃ࣐և ༎ਬ৪̦ࡄͅݪະୃ࣐և̦̜͈͉̞̥̠ͥ́̈́͂݃ાࣣ͉ͅ Ȫ႕ ȇ ΟȜ Ηܺ௮Ȃ ٨̰ͭȂ ൔैȫȂ ̧̱̥͓ͥ൚ޫ̷͈ͥ͢ͅࡄ͈ݪഐୃ̈́औ ഼̢̦࣐̠͈̳ͥ͛ͥ͂ͥ͢͜ͅȃ ● औඋͤ͢ͅະୃ࣐և͈̞̦݃อ̳ͥژાࣣ̜ͥ͜ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉औඋ৪̭ͅ ͈خෝͬ൩̢̀͘औඋ࣐̠ͬকͬഥ̢̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● औඋ৪̦ਹఱ̈́ະୃ࣐և ȪΟȜΗܺ௮Ȃ ٨̰ͭȂ ະഐ୨ْ̈́௨ௌैȂ ൔै̈́̓ȫ ͈̞݃ͬা̳ાࣣȂ ૯࠵̫̫̞͂͛ͣͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ͅȃ ̹ ̺̱Ȃ ಠ৪͉̭͈ͦͣͅ૭̱ၛ̀ͅచ̱̀؊̲ͥࡀ၌̦̜ͥȃ औ͉ഐ୨ ̈́௸ഽ̥́̾ഐୃ̈́ಕփ̞̦࣐̫̞ͬ̈́ͣͩͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ુະୃ࣐և͈૭̱ၛ࣐̠̀ͬၛા͉̞̦̈́ͅȂ ༎ਬ৪͉ͅ ̧̱̥͓ͥ౬ఘ Ȫ႕ ȇ ࡹဥ৪Ȃ ߄ރ৪Ȃ ܰଷ౬ఘȫ ͅಕփͬ௯̱Ȃ औͬ൱̧̥̫ͥୣහ̦̜ͥȃ ● ४ࣉ ȇ ༀ࣭ڠشະୃ࣐և݃თۯၑࡄݪ༗ޫ (The US Office of Research Integrity Managing Allegations of Scientific Misconduct) ͈ ȶ༎ਬ৪͈̹͈͛ঐૻ (A Guidance Document for Editors)ȷ [4]Ȃ ȶڠ ๅ̤̫ͥͅႃၑܰঐ( ܞCommittee on Publication Ethics Code of Conduct)ȷ [5]Ȃ ȶ࣭ם༗࠲ Ȇ ఘ֓ୃݪࡄ̫̤ͥͅڠشտ֥ٛ (UK Panel for Research Integrity in Health and Biomedical Sciences)ȷ [6]ȃ ● ȶΟȜΗᒐ௮͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ Ȫ16~17 βȜΐȫȂ ȶൔै͈݃ ̦̜݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ Ȫ18~19 βȜΐȫ COPE έυȜΙλȜΠͬ४ચȃ ࡄݪ४ح৪ȟచય͈ࡀ၌͈༗ࢌ ༎ਬ৪͉ႃၑഎ́ୣහ̜ͥࡄݪகͬ௯ૺ̳ͥๅ༷ૻ̫ͬ͛̈́ͦ ̞͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ࣐ۏ͈ๅ͉ܰͅȂ ႉࡑ͈̹͈͛ଲ֓ٮٛΰσΏϋ΅࡞ (World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki) [7] ̈́̓۾Ⴒ̳ ͥέτȜθχȜ·͈ςΑΠͬେࣺ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͘ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ু̦ͣܖ̞ͥ̀͛ݥͬྶ̥̱̫̞ͣ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ͅȃ ಠ৪͈ ৾ං̱̞̀ͥࡄݪࡑ͈࣭ز ڒȪΪΠ̤͍͢൲ࡄݪȫ ̦ഐ̱ංͥȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ࡄ۾̦ݪႲ౬ఘ Ȫ႕ ȇ ঔ୭ඤႃၑտ֥ٛ ȝ institutional review boardȂ ࡄݪႃၑտ֥ٛ ȝ research ethics committeeȂ ΟȜ Η̤͍͢հ۬ণտ֥ٛ ȝ data and safety monitoring boardȂ ൲ࡑ͈۬ণ͚ͬܰ܄ଷ౬ఘȫ ͥ͢ͅઇͬං̹̞̠͂༗બͬͥ͛ݥ ͈̳͂ͥ͜ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ औඋ৪ͅࡄͤ৾́ݪષ̬ͣͦͥႃၑ࿚ఴͬ൦̳̠ͥ͢௯̯ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ຈါ̦̜̲̹ͥ͂ۜͣȂ ಠ৪ͅૂح༭ ̞̫ͬ̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́͛ݥȃ ● ρθ 7 ४ચȃ ࡢș͈ࡑ৪̹͉͘ΉȜΑΑΗΟͻ̦݈ა̯ͦͥાࣣ Ȫ႕ ȇ ֓ڠȂ ၑ ڠȂ ๆऻ̀ͅڠȫȂ ࣐ۏ͉݅ྩͬͤȂ ४ح৪ȟࡑ৪ͬ൲ဝ̯ ̵̹ͤ՛ͬޣגဓ̢̠͈̹͉ͥ͘͜Ȃ ֓͂ۛ৪͈͈̓̈́߸۾݅ྩͬ خ̳ͥٺෝ͈̜͈ͥ͜ͅๅͬخݺဓ̢͉̞̀̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉ۛ৪ȟࡑ৪͈ࡢ૽ૂ༭̤͍͢ࡓ͈අ̦خෝْ̈́௨͈ ๅͬͅૻ༷̳ͥ۾̫̞͛̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ डၻ͈༷ૻ͉Ȃ ΉȜΑΑΗΟͻ ͅࠇश̹͉͘ৢ૯ͅນা̯̹ͦۛ৪ȟࡑ৪̥ͣྶ̈́ږ൳փͬංͥম́ ̜ͥȃ ● ρθ 8 ४ચȃ ρθ 7. डၻ͈க ȇ ࡄݪచયȂ ۛ৪Ȃ ࡑ൲͈༗ࢌ ૽͞ۼ൲ࡄܖ͈ݪ̳̭͉ͬܰͥ͂Ȃ ༎ਬ৪͈ୣහํս಼̢ͬͥ͜ ͈̜́̽̀͜Ȃ ࣐֓ۏڠ͉́Ȃ ಠ৪ͅड̞ࣞ͜ܖ͈ਜ਼ͬ௯̱Ȃ ႕̢ ͊Ȃ দࡑ̦ႉদࡑঔͅܖ̳ͥ۾ (Good Clinical Practice) ͅݶ ̳͈̜͈ͥ́ͥ͂͜ນྶͬಠ৪̧̦̭ͥ́͂ͥ͛ͅݥȃ Ȫ႕ ȇ FDA ܰଷႉ দࡑ͈͈֓ႉদࡑঔͅܖ̳ͥ۾ ȝ US Food and Drug Administration Good Clinical Practice in FDA-Regulated Clinical Trials[8]Ȃ ႉদࡑঔͅܖ̳ͥ۾͈̹͈͛;ݪࡄڠ࣭֓םϋΏσ Ȇ ΄ͼΡρͼϋ ȝ UK Medicines Research Council Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice in Clinical Trials [9]Ȃ ଲ֓ٮٛΰσΏϋ΅࡞ ȝ Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki [7]Ȃ ൲͈࣐൲ࡄ̤ݪ ͍ͬ֗͢ޗե̠̹͈͛΄ͼΡρͼϋ ȝ Guidelines for the Treatment of Animals in Behavioral Research and Teaching [10]ȫȟྵڠشႲྷ (Biosciences Federation)ȫȃ ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ಠ৪ͅࡄ̦ݪȂ ۾Ⴒ͈ࡄݪႃၑտ֥̹͉ٛ͘ঔ୭ඤႃၑ տ֥̯̞̞̠ٛͤͦ̀ͥ͂͢ͅນྶ͈̞̫ͬ̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́͛ݥȃ ࡄ ͈ۼ૽ͅݪ४ح৪̦ͥͦ͘܄ાࣣ͉ͅȂ ࡑ̷̸̦͈ͦͦၑٜ̤͍͢ഐ ୨̈́ͼϋέȜθΡ Ȇ ϋΓϋΠ͈࣐̹̞̠͂ͩͦ͂͜ນྶ͂͂͜ͅࡔࣂ̦ ̯̫̞ͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࡑ൲̦ঀဥ̯ͦͥાࣣȂ ऺၳ༹༷͂ Ȫࡑ ਜ਼ȫ ͈Γ·Ώοΰ͉Ȃ ͙̤͍͢ະ١̦डࡠͅၣ̠͛ͣͦͥ͢ഐ୨̈́ੜ ౾̦̹̭͂ͣͦ͂ͬྶͅږা̱Ȃ ൲Ήͺ͈મळ̦̫̯̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ͦރ ̞ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉̭͈ͦͣܖ͈̦̀৽ါऔز࣭͈۾ܥ ܖ̫̞͈̜̭ͤ݅̿ͣͦ̀ͥ́ͥ͂ͬ͢͜ͅଔ̳ͥȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ഐ୨̈́ਜ਼̦൩̞̥̱̞ͦ̀ͥ݃ͩ͘ાࣣȂ აͬݵ๛̳ͥࡀ ၌̦̜ͥȃ ა̦ႃၑտ֥ٛȂ ঔ୭ඤႃၑտ֥ٛȂ ̹͉͘႒য̳ͥૣऔȂ տ֥̹̞࣭̥̯̹ٛͬ̈́ͣͦાࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ̷͈ა̦ ๅ̧̯͓̥̠̥ͦͥ̓ͬȂ ̷̸͈ͦͦࠐࡑ̥̱ͬ౯̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ̭͈̠̈́͢ે͈́ئޙๅ̦ࠨ̱̹ાࣣȂ ̷͈ેͬޙ୰ྶ̳ͥ۰ࠩ̈́ ̦̯̫̞ͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ρθ 8. डၻ͈க ȇ ݅ྩ͈ఄਹ ఉ̩͈ાࣣȂ ಠ৪̦ࡢș͈४ح৪ȟࡑ৪̹͉ۛ͘৪̥͈ͣྶ̈́ږ൳փͬ ං̞̀ͥાࣣͅࡠ̽̀Ȃ ༎ਬ৪̷͉͈ૂ༭Ȃ ْ௨͈ๅͬ൦̱̫̈́ͦ͊ ̞̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࡢş̦͈͉̱̹̽ͤઇౄ̦ං̞̞̦ͣͦ̀̈́Ȃ ̷̸͈ͦͦૂ༭͘ ْ̹͉௨͈ๅ̦Ȃ ૯ͅਤמͅ၌̜̦͂ͥףબྶ̯ͦͥ႕ٸഎΉȜΑ ̜ͥ͜ȃ ̭͈̠̈́͢ાࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪͉࣐ͅ֊̳ஜ࣐ͅۏ͈ਫ਼ခ৪χͼςȜȆ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ̤͍͢ȟ༹̹͉͘ၙ̞̫̦̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ަ݈ͬފͅزȃ ܥ٫എْ̈́௨ Ȫ႕ ȇ X ৢ૯Ȃ ࡐৢޢ૯ȫ ͈ાࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪͉ࡑ৪ ͬඅ̧́ͥૂ༭ͬږْͅ௨̥ͣ৾ͤੰ̩̠̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͢ͅȃ ͈ॲ͍̤֒͢اఄਹ ࡄ͍̤͢ݪๅ͈ະୃ࣐և͈උ৪͈͒ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ اഎփྙࣣ̞̻̠ͬͥȂ ໊̜̞͉̠ͥ͂̈́ͤͥ Ȫ႕ ȇ ฎ ܁ਫ਼௬͈ȜΑΠρςͺ͈ͺδςΐΣ͈֒Ȃ ਕޗȂ Ⴄঃഎমȫ ৢఘْ͈௨ͬๅ̳ͥषȂ ၪ̦ຈါ̜́ͥȃ ૽႒͈֒ Ȫ႕ ȇ ΐίΠ͈ηͼρȂ υȜζ֒ȫ ْ͈௨͈ๅ͉Ȃ ࣉࡣ͈ڠດུ̞̾̀ͅȂ ࡢ૽̷̸̜̞͉͈ͥͦͦঊః͈ઇౄͬං͈͉ͥະخෝ̜̦́ͥȂ ̭ͦͣ ͈ၪ̦̯ͦͥࡠͤယ̯̠ͦͥȃ ႃၑ֑̦̭̹ܳ̽ાࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪͉උ৪̷͈͒কͬഥ̢̫̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ ̞ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́കٝๅ๊̳֚ͥͅ۾എ̈́੩࡞ͬๅ ̱̞̀ͥȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ै̦ະୃ̜́ͥ͂બྶ̯̹ͦાࣣ ȶകٝȷ ͬȂ ̹͘༎ਬ৪ ̦̥ͅږະୃ࣐և̦̜̠ͥ͂݃ાࣣ͉ ȶ࠼ැ͈ນྶȷ ͬๅ̱̫̈́ͦ͊ ̞̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ρθ 9 ४ચȃ ● χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;ͿσಠैࡀȂ ̩̜ͥ͢ৗ࿚͂ٝ൞͈ 1.22 ȶക̳ٝͥા ࣣ̞̾̀ͅȷ ४ચȃ ȁ 5 6 ρθ 9. डၻ͈க ȇ ୃࢋນȂ കٝȂ ࠼ැ͈ນྶ̞̾̀ͅ ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ࢋ̦̞̥̈́ͥࡔ֦̲̹̱́͂̀͜ Ȫ႕ ȇ ಠ৪ͥ͢ͅࢋͤȂ ༎ਬηΑȫȂ ΟȜΗ̹͉͘ૂ༭͈ٜ৷ͅخ̳͖ݞͬޣגෝ̦̜ͥાࣣȂ ୃࢋນͬๅ̳ͥ݅ྩ̦̜ͥȃ ൳အ࣐ͅۏ͉Ȃ ै̦ະୃ̜́ͥ͂બྶ ̯̹ͦાࣣ ȶകٝȷ ͬȂ ̹͘༎ਬ৪̦आ̥̈́ږ͈ݶະୃ࣐և̦̜̠ͥ͂݃ ાࣣ͉ ȶ࠼ැ͈ນྶȷ ͬๅ̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ȃ ● ࡔಠͬ֨ဥ̳̭ͥ͂ȃ ● ୃࢋນȂ കٝȂ ࠼ැ͈ນྶ͈ΗͼΠσ͉ͅȂ ȶୃࢋນȷ ȶകٝȷ ȶ࠼ැ͈ ນྶȷ ͈ౙࢊ̦̞̫̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ͦ͘܄ȃ ● خෝ̈́ࡠͤȂ ςΐσ͈ഩঊๅ͂ഩঊഎͅςϋ·̵̯̭ͥ͂ȃ ● ̭͉ͦͣβȜΐ๔͈̞̹̾βȜΐ Ȫॗঊఘ̤͍͢ഩঊๅȫ ષ̀ͅๅ̱Ȃ ࣐ۏ͈࿒ষ̞̫̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ͦ͘͜ͅ܄ȃ ● ࢋ̞͉̾̀ͅȂ උ৪̦ϋΞ·ΑΠ̷͈́ഁୃͬږȂ ၑ̧ٜ̫́̈́ ̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ̹͉͘Ȃ ̶̈́ა̦ക̯̹͈̥ٝͦͬ୰ྶ̱̫̈́ͦ͊̈́ ̞ͣ̈́ȃ ̹͉͘Ȃ ა͈ඤယͅచ̳ͥ༎ਬ৪͈࠼ැ̞̾̀ͅ୰ྶ̱̫̈́ ̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ςΐσๅͅచ̳ͥୃࢋນȂ കٝȂ ࠼ැ͈ນྶ̱ͬږȂ ४ચ̧́ ̠ͥ͢ͅȂ ॑֨ैުȂ ઈ̦خෝ̈́ࠁ̫̞́̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ༎ਬܖ̤͍͢ίυΓΑ औඋΏΑΞθ ༎ਬ৪͉औඋίυΓΑ̦ୃ́༊ࡉͬडࡠͅၣ̭͛ͥ͂ͬ࿒ດ̳͂ͥ ୣහͬ̾ȃ ● ڎਅऔඋΏΑΞθ͈၌ത͉ Ȫ႕ ȇ ಠ৪ͅऔඋ৪͈ࡓͬྶ̥̳ͣͥͅȂ ̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ಠ৪͈ࡓͬऔඋ৪ͅ໖̵഼̠ͥ͛ͥ͢ȫȂ ఉ̩͈݈ა͞ ࡄ͈ݪΞȜζ̧̹͂̈́̽̀ȃ ࡄ͉ضࠫݪ̱Ȃ ༷͈֚ΏΑΞθ̦༌༷ ͈ΏΑΞθͤ͢ੳ̞̞̠̽̀ͥ͂ྶ̈́ږબ̞͉̈́ݶȃ ڎਅΏΑΞθ͈၌ത ̤͍࣐͢خෝ͉ࡄݪͤ͢ͅ։̭̜̠̈́ͥ͂́ͧȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ࣐ۏ ͅडഐ̈́औඋΏΑΞθ఼̱̫̞ͬ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ नဥ̳ͥऔඋΏΑΞθ͈ਅ႒ Ȫ႕ ȇ ྴஜͬນ̱̞̈́Ȃ ྴஜ ͬນ̳ͥȂ ໝତͥ͢ͅऔඋȫ ͬ୰ྶ̳̹ͥ͛Ȃ ̹͘औඋ̦ა͈ਅ႒ ̽̀͢ͅ։̭̈́ͥ͂ͬ୰ྶ̳̹ͥ͛ͅȂ ༷ૻͬྶͅږ̫͛̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ ̞ȃ ࣐ۏͤ͢ͅΏΑΞθ͉։̈́ͥ Ȫ႕ ȇ ̜ͥΏΑΞθ͉́Ȃ ა୰̤͍͢ ڠধ͈τΗȜ͉औඋ̴̦࣐ͩͦȂ ࡄݪა̤͍͢აບ͉औඋ̦ ࣐ͩͦͥȫȃ औඋ̦࣐̞̞ͩͦ̀̈́ડ͉Ȃ ྶܱ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ Ȫ႕ ȇ ಠ৪̫͈࢜ๅ̤̫ܰͥͅအș̈́ඤယ̳ͥͅ۾۰ࠩ̈́୰ྶȫȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉औඋίυΓᾼ֚۹͈̜ͥܖͬഐဥ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ಠ৪Ȃ ༎ਬ৪Ȃ औඋ৪͈́ۼდ̱ࣣ̞̦ྟࡕ࣐̹́ͩͦાࣣͅȂ ൚ম৪͈ྶ̥ࣣͣ̈́փ̦̜̹̥̽Ȃ ̹͉͘႕ٸഎ̈́ે̜̦ͥޙાࣣͬ ੰ̧Ȃ ྟࡕ͈ఘଷ̳͈̳ͬͥ͂ͥ͜ Ȫ႕ ȇ औඋಎ͈എਫ਼ခ ͈୮ൔ࣐և͈ၛબͅၛ̾خෝ̦̜ͥાࣣȃ ȶऔඋ৪࣐և͂എਫ਼ခ ࡀȷ ͬ४ચȫ ● ༎ਬ৪̹͉͘տ֥ٛιϋΨȜ͉Ȃ ুু͈ಠै͈༎ਬࠨͅࠨ̱̀۾ ဓ̱͉̞̀̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࣐ۏ͉༎ਬտ֥͈ٛιϋΨȜ̹͉͘ࡹဥ৪̦ ̱̹ಠै͈৾ե̞͈༷̾̀ͅૻͬྶͅږ̫̞͛̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ۏ ࣐͈̥͉̈́ͅȂ ࣐ۏ͈༎ਬ৪̹͉͘ࡹဥ৪̦̱̹ࡔಠ͈ࡄ ݪაͬ൦̱̞͈̦̜̈́ͥ͜ȃ ̹͘Ȃ ̭͈̠̈́͢ાࣣͅୃ̈́औඋͬږ ࣐̠ͅඅ༆̧࣐̈́ͬ͛ͥۏ̜ͥ͜ȃ ● ࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪Ȃ ༎ਬտ֥͈ٛιϋΨȜȂ ̷͈ఈ͈༎ਬΑΗΛέ Ȫऔඋ৪ ͬ ͚܄ȝ ȶऔඋ৪͈හ̤͍͢ުୡȷ ͬ४ચȫ ͉Ȃ ̈́༎ਬࠨͬ ཐ̬ͥે̹̭̦̽ܳޙાࣣͅȂ ̳ͥͅ۾დ̱ࣣ̞̥̥̫ͣͬ֨̈́ͦ ̞͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ȶ၌͈ٺచၛȷ ͬ४ચȃ ● ρθ 10 ४ચȃ ● COPE ͈έυȜΙλȜΠ ȶൎࣂაͅႃၑ࿚ఴ͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ ༹ ȷ Ȫ20 βȜΐȫ ४ચȃ ρθ 10. डၻ͈க ȇ ࣐ۏΑΗΛέ͈ै ๅ̞̾̀ͅ ༎ਬ৪̦ಠ৪̜̞͉࣓ͥࡃ৪̱̞͂̀͛ͣͦ̀ͥાࣣȂ औඋაͅ۾ ̱Ȃ ༎ਬષ͈ࠨ̦̯ͥͦئषȂ ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ͬޣג̫ͥ༎ਬ৪̹͉͘ ΑΗΛέ̦ๅࠨ̴̥͉ͣͦȂ ̷͈ࠨͅ۾ဓ̱̞̭̈́͂ͬ༗બ̳ͥι ΣΒθ̹̫̞ͬ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ̭͈ાࣣȂ नဥ̯̹ͦ༎ਬࠨίυΓ ᾼ̞͈̾̀ౣ̞୰ྶ̦େࣺ̫̞ͤͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͘ȃ ༎ਬ৪ু͈ ၌̀̽͢ͅٺȂ ̈́༎ਬࠨ̳ͬئෝႁ̦అ̈́ͩͦͥخෝ̦̜ͥඤ ယ͈ა̦̯̹ͦાࣣȂ ̷͈ა͈ࠨ̱ͅ۾Ȃ ഐහ৪ͬయၑ̱͂ ̀හྵ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ȶ၌͈ٺచၛȷ ४ચȃ औඋ৪͈හ̤͍͢ުୡ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ݖ۷̦̜ͤȂ ̥̾শܽͬං̹̞ࣞऔඋܖͬ୭̫ͥୣ හͬ̾ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ഐහ͈औඋ৪ΟȜΗαȜΑ͈ږၛȂ ഼̫͛̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣͅ ̞̈́ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ औඋ৪ȟ༎ਬտ֥ٛιϋΨȜ͈ෝႁ͈ݖ۷എ̈́۷ख़Ȃ ̹͘ ͈רࢷ͈૽ڎৗ̤͍͢ਫ਼ါশܱ͈ۼͬ൦̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ༎ਬ ৪͉ྫै༹Ȃ ಎੱഎ̈́औඋ͉ྫণ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ৗ̦೩̩Ȃ ಁ̩Ȃ ඉ୳എ̈́Ȃ ࠺୭എ̈́औඋͬ߫ͤ༐̳औඋ৪ͬठഽनဥ̱͉̞̀̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉औඋ৪ͅȂ औඋა͂၌͈ٺచၛ̦̜̥̠̥ͥ̓ͬږ௯̳͓ ̧̜́ͥȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ औඋ৪̞ͥ̀͛ͅݥა͈ୃ̈́औඋͬஷ͚মૂ ̦̭ܳͤංͥાࣣȂ औඋ৪ͅऔඋૣऔͬৃప̧̳̠̦̭ͥͥ́͂ͥ͛͢ݥȃ ȶ၌͈ٺచၛȷ ͬ४ચȃ ● ಠ৪̦ুু͈აͬහփ͈औඋ৪ͅૣऔ̯̞̠ͦ̈́ͥ͛͢ݥાࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪͉ఈͅनဥ̱̹औඋ৪̭͈ͅૂ༭̞̫̱ͬ̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ރȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉ಠ৪̦ͥ͛ۑऔඋ৪ͬහ̧̦́ͥȂ ಠ৪͈մͬࢰ௵ႁ͈ ̜͈͉͙̯̞ͥ͂̈́̈́͜ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ औඋ৪̦औඋैުͬু͈༴̢ͥΑΗΛέ͒տහ̳ͥાࣣ͉Ȃ ̭͈কͬ༎ਬ৪͒ഥ̢̠̞̫ͥ̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́͛͢ݥȃ ● ρθ 11 ४ચȃ ● ȶऔඋ৪࣐և͂എਫ਼ခࡀȷ ४ચȃ ● ȶऔඋႃၑ ȇ აࢷר৪͈̹͈͛΄ͼΡ (Ethics of Peer Review: A Guide for Manuscript Reviewers)ȷ ༀ࣭ࡄ( ޫୃݪORI, US Office of Research Integrity) Ȝσఱ[ ڠ13] ४ચȃ ρθ 11. डၻ͈க ȇ ๅ͈ΗͼηϋΈ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ႀ̱̹ა̱ͅ۾Ȃ শܽͬං̹औඋ͂ๅͬږ࣐̠̭͂ͅ ͬ࿒ດ̱̫̞͂̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ထ௶̧́ͥํս́Ȃ ࡄͅضࠫݪਹါ̈́փྙ ̦خ̞ͥ̀ͦ͘܄ෝ̦̜ͥાࣣ͉අ̷̠̜́ͥͅȃ ࣐ۏ༎ਬΑΗΛέ̦ ౯̳̤ͥ͂ͤȂ ਹါ̈́փྙࣣ̞̦خ̞ͥ̀ͦ͘܄ෝ̦̜ͥა̱ͅ۾ ͉̀Ȃ ୶എͅๅ̯ͦͥخෝ̦̞̭ࣞ͂ͬಠ৪͉ઇ̱̫̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ ̞̈́ȃ ࿚ఴ͈ΞȜζ̽̀͢ͅȂ ̹͉͘ΠάΛ·̦႒য̱̞̹̀ͥ͛Ȃ ͚ͬ͞ං ̴ა͈ႀਜ਼պ́อ̴̧࣐́Ȃ ༎ਬ৪̷̦͈აͬΈσȜί̱ا ̹ાࣣȂ ๅ͈ΗͼηϋΈ͉ͬޣג̫ͥાࣣ̦̜ͥȃ ֣क़ๅ͈ๅͅ୶ ၛ̾ϋρͼϋๅ ȪχͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ Ȇ ϋρͼϋ Ȇ ͺȜςȜๅ ȝ Wiley-Blackwell OnlineEarly publicationȂ ϋρͼϋͺ·ΓίΞͻΡๅ ȝ OnlineAccepted publicationȫ ͉Ȃ ड͜௸̞ๅ༹༷̜́ͤȂ ๊֚ٳ ͈ાͅࡄૂݪ༭ Ȫ̷̤͍͈͢ఈ͈ૂ༭ȫ ்̞̻̩ͬอນ̧̳̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃ ։݈૭̱ၛ̞̀̾̀ͅ ಠ৪͉༎ਬ৪͈ࠨͅచ̱։݈૭̱ၛ̳̀ͬͥࡀ၌ͬ̾ȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ औඋࠫͅضಠ৪̦։݈૭̱ၛ̳̹͈̀ͬͥ͛ॽழ͙ͬ͛̈́ ̫̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ̭͈̠̈́͢ΏΑΞθͬྶ࣐ۏͅږ͈ๅܰ́୰ྶ̳ ̭͉ͥ͂Ȃ ಠ৪͂༎ਬ৪͈ၰ৪͂̽̀ͅιςΛΠ̦̜ͥ Ȫ႕ ȇ ഽਹ̈́ͥȂ ̜ ̞͉ͥआ̞͈̈́ݶஶ̢ͬဲଷ̳̭ͥ͂̽̀͢ͅȫȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉औඋૣऔۼܢಎȂ ಠ৪͂औඋ৪͈ۼփࡉ͈̳͓۟ͬ̀ା ̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ Ȫๅ̳ͥ́͘ȫȃ փࡉ̦̞֑̞ࣣփ̧̞́̈́ાࣣ͉Ȃ ༎ਬ৪͈౯́Ȃ ̷͈ఈ͈औඋ৪ Ȫͣȫ ̥ͣιϋΠͬං̭ͥ͂͜൦̱ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࣐ۏ̷͉͈΄ͼΡρͼϋ͈ಎ́Ȃ ̭͈̠̈́͢փ݅૭ ૭̱ၛ͈̀ࢃ͈༎ਬ৪͈ࠨ͉डਞഎ͈̱̈́͂̀͜ນྶ̳̭ͥ͂ͬ൦̱ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ಠ৪ Ȫ̷̤͍͈͢ఈ͈߸۾৪ȫ ̦࣐ۏ͈ζΥΐιϋΠ̞̾ͅ ̀փࡉ̧͓̭̦ͬͥ͂́ͥॽழ͙ͬ͛ͥ൦̱̫̞ͬ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ȶ༎ਬࠨ͈͒։݈૭̱ၛ̀ͅచ̳ͥచੜ༹ȷ Ȫ21 βȜΐȫ ̤͍͢ ȶ࣐ۏͅచ̱̀ߎૂ̦̯̹ͦાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ Ȫ22 βȜΐȫ ͈έυȜ ΙλȜΠ४ચȃ ၌͈ٺచၛ ༎ਬ৪Ȃ ಠ৪Ȃ औඋ৪͉ݖ۷എͅΟȜΗͬা̱ࡉೄ̳ෝႁͬͅޣג ဓ̢ͥ͂এͩͦͥ၌ͬٺນ̳ͥୣහ̦̜ͥȃ ̭͉ͦͣͅȂ ۾Ⴒ̳ͥࠐफ എ Ȫ႕ ȇ අݺਫ਼ခࡀȂ ڼਫ਼ခȂ ϋσΗϋΠȂ ࣒ၳȫȂ ࡢ૽എȂ ଽহഎȂ എȂ ਕޗષ͈၌ͥͦ͘܄̦ףȃ ȶ߄എచၛͬඅ̳̭͉ͥ͂ड͜۰ౙ͉̜̦́ͥȂ ड͜ఱ̧̈́ޣגႁ͉͂ ̞̈́ͣ̈́ (Financial conflicts may be the easiest to identify but they may not be the most influential)ȷ γȜΠϋ Ȇ R Ȇ ρϋΓΛΠ [14]ȃ ȶِș͉Ȃ ͈̀၌͈ٺచၛͬచય̳༷͂ͥૻͬ୭഼̳̠̹̞ͥ͛͢ȃ ఈ͈చၛ͈ࡔ֦͉ࡢ૽എȂ ଽহഎȂ ڠഎȂ ਕޗഎ͈̜̦̈́́ͥ͜Ȃ ̭͉ͦͣࠐफഎ̈́చၛ͂൳အͅޑႁ͈̈́̈́ͤ͜ͅංِͥ͂ș͉ږ̱̞̀ ͥȃȷ Smith R. BMJ[15] ● ༎ਬ৪̤͍͢տ֥ٛιϋΨȜ͉Ȃ ͈ুڎ၌͍̤͢ٺਫ਼௺̦൦ಎ͈ඤ ယ̜̞͉ͥๅထඤယͅ۾Ⴒ̳͈̜ͥ́ͥ͜ાࣣ͉̞̾́͜࡞ྶ̱̫̈́ ̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉ಠ৪̤͍͢औඋ৪ͅૂ༭ٳাͬါ̱ݥȂ ນ̱̫̈́ͦ ̞͊̈́ͣ̈́၌ٺచၛ͈ਅ႒ͬྶͅږ୰ྶ̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ȃ ಠ৪͈၌ٺచ ၛ Ȫ̹͉͘Ȃ ၌͈ٺచၛ̦ంह̱̞̞̠̭̈́͂͂ͬ୰ྶ̳ͥૂ༭ȫ ͉Ȃ ̭ ̦ͦͣೄ୪എ̹͉͘ۼ୪എͅๅထඤယͅ۾Ⴒ̱Ȃ ૬࣫̈́ાࣣ͉Ȃ ̞ ̾́͜ນ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ႕̢͊Ȃ ა́ა̲̞ͣͦ̀ͥୋͬ ॲܑ̳ͥު͈ 10 ༀΡσͅ൚̳ͥͬڼਫ਼ခ̱̞̀̀͜ਹఱ͉̞̦́̈́Ȃ ා ۼ1 ྔༀΡσ͈ϋσΗϋΠၳȂ ̜̞͉ͥಠ৪͈ஜාഽ͈ਫ਼ං͈ 5% ͅ൚̳͉ͥڣਹఱ̜͙̯́ͥ͂̈́ͦͥȃ ̭͈ͦͣ၌̦ٺๅඤယͅ ۾Ⴒ̦̞̈́ાࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪͉ಠ৪͈၌̳ͥ۾ͅٺમळ͈ນͬ൦̱ ̞̞̠̭͉̜̈́͂͂ͤංͥȃ చၛͅ۾Ⴒ̦̜ͥȂ ̹͉͘ਹါ̜̞̠́ͥ͂ ݃ැ̦̜ͥાࣣ͉Ȃ ນ̳͈̦ͥࡋྶ̜́ͥȃ ● ࡢ૽̦ࡔಠ৪͈ͬڒခ̳ͥાࣣȂ ၌ٺచၛ Ȫ႕ ȇ ࡄݪ৪͈͂ࡹ ဥ߸۾ȫ ͈ంह̽̀͢ͅȂ ಠ৪ྴ͈ນܱ̦ஷ̭̦̜͉ͦͥ͂̽̀̈́ͣ̈́͘ ̞ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ၌ٺచၛͬ̾ಠ৪ͅ৽۷എ̈́ა Ȫ႕ ȇ ა୰̹͉͘ ఘࠏ̞̞̯̈́̀ͦاაບȫ ͬջှ఼̧̱̞̦̦̈́́ͥȂ ̭͈̠̈́͢ಠ৪ ͉Ȃ ฎে́ྙޟ૬̞ࡉে̢̞ͬ̀ͥાࣣ̦ఉ̞̞̠݈͂ა̜ͥ͜ȃ ၌ ̦ٺచၛ̱̞̀ͥ૽ș͈փࡉ͈ນͬဲଷ̳ͥࡕ͉ૻ༷̈́ڒȂ ಠ৪ͅ۾ Ⴒ͈၌֯ͬٺඁ̵̯̱̠̹̀͛͘Ȃ ̜ͥ́ض࢘ݙȃ ● උ৪͉Ȃ ಠ৪̤͍࣓͢ࡃ৪͈ਫ਼௺͍̤͢߸۾၌ͬٺ͈ͥ̈́̓൫ྶͅ ̽̀͢ං̭̦ͥ͂ͧఱ̧̞ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ࡔಠ৪̳ͥ۾ͅڒ൫ྶ͈̜༷ͥ ૻ̧͍͂ͅ၌ٺచၛ͈ٳা഼̳̠̫̞ͬͥ͛̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͢ͅȃ ● ȶ൫ྶ̞̾̀ͅȷ ४ચȃ ● ρθ 12 ४ચȃ ● COPE ͈έυȜΙλȜΠ ȶඋ৪̦ๅაͅٳা̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́၌ٺచၛ ͈̦̜݃݅ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ Ȫ23 βȜΐȫȂ ȶऔඋ৪̦ൎࣂა ͅٳা̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́၌ٺచၛ͈̦̜݃݅ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ Ȫ24 βȜΐȫȂ ȶൎࣂაͅႃၑ࿚ఴ͈̦̜݃݅ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͥાࣣ͈చੜ ༹ȷ Ȫ20 βȜΐȫ ४ચȃ ● ४ࣉ ȇ ȶ࣐ۏڠش͈औඋ͂აۯၑ ȇ डၻ͈க΄ͼΡρͼϋȷ ͺͼςȜ ϋ Ȇ ΰȜθΒಠ (Irene Hames’ book Peer Review and Manuscript Management in Scientific Journals: Guidelines for Good Practice) [16] ρθ 12. डၻ͈க ȇ ၌͈ٺచၛ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ͈ুڎඅခ͈ๅ۪ͅޏडഐ̜́ͥ၌͈ٺచၛͅૻ༷̳ͥ۾ ͬनဥ̱Ȃ ͈ুڎ༎ਬ༷ૻͅେࣺ̫̞ͤ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͘ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ຈါ ̈́ૂ༭ͬಠ৪̦̞̳̱͞ރίυΓΑͬनဥ̧̳͓̜́ͥȃ ႕̢͊Ȃ χ ͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́Ȃ ຈါ̈́ૂ༭̦̩̈́̀͜Ȃ აͬඅ̧́ ̠ͥ͢ͅȂ ࣐ۏ͈ϋρͼϋΏΑΞθͬ୭̧̳̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃ ̷̱̀Ȃ ಠ৪̦ຈါૂ༭ͬഞ̴̢̱̹ͅાࣣȂ ̷͈ͬੜၑ̧̞̞̠́̈́͂ ୰ྶ͂ͅވಠ৪͒႒ͬ༐̧̦̭̳ͥ́͂ͥݕȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ಠ৪ͅచ̱Ȃ ၌͈ٺచၛ̳ͥͅ۾ྶͬါ̫̱ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ݥ ̞̈́ȃ ̭͈ྶ́Ȃ ࡄ͉̹͘ݪაࣉͅ۾Ⴒ̳ͥࠐफഎ Ȫ႕ ȇ අݺਫ਼ခ ࡀȂ ڼਫ਼ခȂ ϋσΗϋΠȂ ࣒ၳȫȂ ࡢ૽എȂ ଽহഎȂ എȂ ਕޗ ષ͈၌ૂ̳ͥ۾ͅٺ༭̞̫̱ͬ̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ރকͬ༎ਬ৪͉୰ྶ̳ͥ͜ ͈̳͂ͥȃ ࡄ͉̹͘ݪๅ͈͉͒Ȃ༆ഷ൦̯ͦͥȃ Ȫȶ৪͉̥ȉȷ ͬ४ચȫ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ၌ٺచၛ͈ྶͥ͛ͅݥમळͬ୰ྶ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ̭͈ ྶ̦చય̳͂ͥ ۼܢȪ3 ා̦ۼଔ̯̦ͦͥȂ ̷ͦͤ͢͜ࡣ̞၌ٺచ ၛ́͜۾Ⴒ̳ͥાࣣ͉ྫণ̱͉̞̫̞̀̈́ȫ ̳͈͚ͬͥ͂͜܄ȃ ़ྩૂ༭ͅ ̞̾̀୰ྶ̳ͥष͉ͅȂ ߄͈৾࿒എͬ̀̽͢ͅ۾ܥ୰ྶ̯̫ͦ̈́ ̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ Ȫ႕ ȇ ၫ̤͍࣒͢ၳ͉ [ ౬ఘྴ ] ͤ͢ႀ̱̹ȫȃ ༎ਬ ৪͉Ȃ ಠ৪̦۾Ⴒ̳ͥ߄͈ރഽ̷̹͈͘ྴ۾ܥރȂ ̹͉͘۾Ⴒ ̳ͥਫ਼ခڼ Ȫ๊֚എ̈́߄ဏॲ̱͂̀ਫ਼ခ̳ͥڼ͉̞̈́ͦ͘܄ȫ ͈ྶ া݅ྩͬ၌ဥ̳̭̦ͥ͂൦̧́ͥ Ȫ႕ ȇ ාۼȂ 1 ྔༀΡσྚྖ̤͍͢ 1 ྔༀΡσ಼̹͉͘ಠ৪͈ஜාഽ͈ਓව͈ 5% ྚྖ̤͍͢ 5% ಼ͅ൚̳ ͥܖͬڣ़̳͂ͥྩૂ༭ٳা͈݅ྩȫȃ 7 8 ρθ 12. डၻ͈க ȇ ၌͈ٺచၛ Ȫ̧ȫ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉༎ਬ৪ͅȂ උ৪̫࢜̀ͅϋΞ·ΑΠ̤͍͢൫ྶ ̳ͬͥރड೩ࡠ͈ૂ༭ Ȫಠ৪̦ႀ̱̹߄̷࡙͈͂ਅ႒ȫ ͬȂ ນ̳̠ͥ͢ஒ̞͛̀ͥȃ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ુͅಠ৪͈၌ٺచၛͬྶܱ̳ͥྶȂ ̹͉͘Ȃ ̷͈య̱ͩͤ͂̀Ȃ ၌͈ٺచၛ̦̞̭̳̈́͂ͬͥږྶͬນ ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ చၛ̦۾Ⴒ̳͈̥̠̥̱̞ͥ̓݃ͩ͜ાࣣ͉ͅȂ ٳা ̳̭̦ͥ͂ࡋྶ̜́ͥȃ ಠ৪͉Ȃ ࣐ۏ̦̩ͬ̈́߸۾̥̠̥̓ͥ͛ͅݥȂ ુͅȂ ၌͈ٺచၛ Ȫ͈ခྫȫ ̳ͥͅ۾ྶ̧̜͓̳ͬͥ́ͥރȃ ༎ਬ৪͈ඊၛ̞̾̀ͅ ༎ਬ৪͈ඊၛ͉ఄਹ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࣐ۏ͈ਫ਼ခ৪ Ȫڠ౬ ఘ̤͍͢ๅ২͈ၰ৪ȫ ͉Ȃ ༎ਬࠨٚͅව̱͉̞̫̞̀̈́ȃ ༎ਬ৪Ȃ ࣐ۏਫ਼ခ৪Ȃ ๅ৪͈२৪͈ୃ͉߸۾͈ࠀͅྶͅږ͛Ȃ ̦อ̱̹ાࣣ͈։݈૭̱ၛ͈̀ॽழ͙͜ږၛ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ࣐ۏ̯͒ͦͥࡢș͈࿒ͬๅ̳̥ͥ๛̥̳ͥͅ۾༎ਬ৪͈ࠨ ͉Ȃ ༎ਬ৪͈ࡹဥ৽Ȃ ࣐ۏਫ਼ခ৪Ȃ ๅ৪͈գႁͤͬ͢ޣג̫ ͉̞̫̞̀̈́ȃ ၑேഎ͉ͅȂ ༎ਬ৪͈ඊၛ͈ࡔ௱͉Ȃ ༎ਬ৪͈ࠀ ͈̳͛ͥ͂ͥ͜ͅȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ̤̫ͥͅ༎ਬ৪͈ࠀ͉ͅȂ ༎ਬ৪͈ඊၛ͈ࡔ௱̦ྶܱ̱̜̀ͥȃ ● ࣐ۏਫ਼ခ৪ȟๅ৪̦Ȃ ๊֚എ̈́༎ਬίυΓΑ̤͍༷͢ૻ̱̀ͅ۾ ࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪͂დ̱ࣣ̠̭͉͂ఏ൚̜̦́ͥ Ȫ႕ ȇ ࣐ۏ̦අ͈ਅ႒ ͈აͬๅ̧̳͓̥๛̥ȫȂ ࡢș͈ა̞̾̀ͅ༎ਬ৪͈ࠨͅ۾ဓ ̱͉̞̀̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ρθ 13 ४ચȃ ● ४ࣉ ȇ ȶ༎ਬ৪͂ๅڠٛ Ȇ ڠ׳͈̞ٛ̀̾ͅ߸۾Ȃ ڠش༎ਬ৪ບ݈ ٛ (Relations between Editors and their Publishing or Sponsoring Societies from the Council of Science Editors, CSE)ȷ [17]ȃ ༎ਬ৪Ȃ ࣐ۏਫ਼ခ৪Ȃ ๅ৪͉Ȃ ުഎȂ ڠഎȂ ࡢ૽എȂ ଽহ എါ֦͈ͥ͢ͅޣג༎ਬࠨςΑ·ͬडࡠͅၣ͛ͥίυΓΑͬږၛ̱̈́ ̫̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ުഎম̈́̓Ȃ ༎ਬࠨͬͅޣגဓ̢̥͇̞̈́࿚ఴͬۖͅ৭౯̳ͥ ̭͉͂ະخෝ̈́ાࣣ̦ఉ̞ȃ ႕̢͊Ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉͈̓ა̦า̧क़ͤ͞௩ क़͈ͤΓȜσᾼ̞̞̥̦࢜̀ͥࡉޭ͛ͣͦͥȃ ̱̥̱༎ਬ৪͉ै ͬڠشഎιςΛΠ̤̞̀ͅ౯̱Ȃ ఈ͈ါ֦ͥͬ͢ͅޣגडࡠͅၣ͛ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࣐ۏ̦ࢩ࣬ͬอ࣐̳ͥાࣣȂ ࢩ࣬คષ̬͉༎ਬ ίυΓΑ͉͂༆ͅե̫̞ͩͦ̈́ͦͦ͊͊ͣ̈́ȃ ● අਬ͞Ȃ ༞֒Ȃ Γ·Ώοϋ Ȫ̹͉͘႒য̳ͥၳȫ ͬల२৪౬ఘͅ ̫ͥͬ̀͢ๅ̳࣐ͥۏ͉Ȃ ࣐ۏ͈৾ͤե̞ͅૻ༷̳ͥ۾ ͬଷ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ౬ఘ Ȫ׳৪̹͉͘Ȃ শ͉ͅΑεϋ Ȝȫ ͉Ȃ ै͈̜̞͉ͥ༎ਬͅచ̱ͬޣגဓ̴̢͉̀̈́ͣȂ ̯̹ͦ࿒͉̀ྶͅږඅ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ऺၳ͉̀Ȃ ڂ൚ऺၳͬࠇश̳࣐ͥۏ͈࿒ດ Ȇ ࿒എͅഐࣣ̱̀ ̞̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ρθ 14 ४ચȃ ႕ Ȫঙྴȫ ͉Ȃ ࣒৪Ȃ ϋσΗϋΠȂ Ȫྴ۾ܥȫ ݑ࿚۾ܥ֥̱ٛ͂̀Ȃ ၳ ߄ͬ৾ͤȂ ࡄݪဥͬ Ȫྴ۾ܥȫ ̫̹ͤ͢ȃ Ȫঙྴȫ ͉ Ȫྴ۾ܥȫ ͅ ͤ͢ࡹဥ̯̞ͦ̀ͥȃ Ȫঙྴȫ ͉ Ȫྴ۾ܥȫ ͈ͬڼਫ਼ခ̱̞̀ͥȃ Ȫঙྴȫ ͉Ȃ අ ݺȪඅ ݺID ๔̤͍͢ٽါȫ ͬਫ਼ခ̱̞̀ͥȃ ࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪Ȃ տ֥͈ٛιϋΨȜȂ ΑΗΛέ Ȫๅ͈ࠨͥͩͅ۾ાࣣȫ ̦Ȃ ۾Ⴒ̳ͥ၌ٳ̳ͥ۾ͅףা̷̤͍͈͢ܢഎ̈́ࢵ૧ͬ Ȫ࣐ۏ̹͘ ͉;ͿήͼΠષ̀ͅȫ ̳̭͉ͥ͂Ȃ ၻ̞க̢̞͂ͥȃ ρθ 13. डၻ͈க ȇ ުאȆ ์ค۾Ⴒ̞̾̀ͅ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́Ȃ ΓȜσΑ Ȇ ΙȜθ̦༎ਬ͈փএࠨίυΓ ᾼ۾ဓ̳̭̞̞ͥ͂ͬ͛̀̈́ȃ ΓȜσΑ Ȇ ΙȜθ̦ංͣͦͥ༎ਬૂ༭͈ํսȂ ̹͘ΓȜσΑ Ȇ ΙȜθ͒ ͈ٳাΗͼηϋΈ͉Ȃ ࣐ۏڎ̱ͅ۾Ȃ ۾Ⴒ̳ͥڠڠٛࠈ৪̤͍͢ ࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪̦൳փ̳̭̳ͥ͂͂ͥȃ ΓȜσΑ Ȇ ΙȜθ͉Ȃ ୃ́ږΗͼθ ςȜ̈́ૂ༭ͬࡉࣺͅݖ̳ͥރ࿒എ́Ȃ ༎ਬࠨ̦डਞഎͅࢃ̹̯ͦئ ͈͙̭͈ͅૂ༭ͬ၌ဥ̧̳̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃ ࣐ۏ͈ࢩ͈࣬βȜΐպ౾͉ Ȫ႕ ȇ ࣐ۏ͈ܱম͈ಎ̥ႋ୪պ౾ͅࠇश̳̥ͥȂ ̹͉͘ࢩ࣬ΑβȜΑ ͅࠇश̳͈̥ͥ͜ȫȂ ࣐ۏڎ̮͂ͅȂ ۾Ⴒ̳ͥڠڠٛࠈ৪̤͍͢ ࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪̦൳փ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ϋρͼϋͺȜςȜ Ȇ βȜΩȜ͈ठๅ̱͈͂̀์ค̦ݺယ̧̥́ͥ๛̥͉Ȃ ۾Ⴒ̳ͥڠڠٛࠈ৪̤͍࣐͢ۏ༎ਬ৪̦࣐ۏڎ̱ͅ۾൳փ̱ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ୃ̞̀̾ͅږ ࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ๅऺၳ͈ୃͬږ༗બ̳ͥୣහ̦̜ͥȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉ಠ৪͂උ৪ͅȂ ๅͅࢋͤͬอࡉ̱̹ાࣣ͉༭̳̠࣬ͥ͢൱̧ ̥̫̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ აͅࠇश̱̜̀ͥΟȜΗ̹͉͘ૂ༭͈ٜ৷ͬͅޣגဓ̢̠ͥ ࢋ̦ͤอࡉ̯̹ͦાࣣ͉ͅୃࢋນͬๅ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● აඤ͈ࢋ͈ͤୃࢋນ͉ Ȫಠ৪̹͉࣐͘ۏͥ͢ͅȫȂ ക̤͍ٝ͢ະୃ ࣐ևͅ۾Ⴒ̳ͥ୰ྶ͂ߊ༆̧͈̫̞́ͥ́̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͜ Ȫȶࡄ̤͢ݪ ͍ๅ̤̫ͥͅະୃ࣐և͈උ৪͈͒ȷ ४ચȫȃ ● ୃࢋນ͉Ȃ ॑֨ΏΑΞθͦ͘ͅ܄Ȃ خෝ̈́ࡠͤࡔ͂ςϋ·̳̭ͥ͂ȃ ● ρθ 9 Ȫ6 βȜΐȫ ४ચȃ ݪڠഎ݈ა ࣐ۏ͉ݪڠഎ݈̈́აͬ௯ૺ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉ๅ̳ͥͅ۾ιϋΠͬ႗̱Ȃ ુͅಠ৪ͅȂ ๅஜ͈̞̥̈́ ͥൎ͜ͅచ؊̳̠̞̫ͥ̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́͛͢ۑȃ ̱̥̱̦̈́ͣȂ ಠ৪͉ͅ ै͈ুڎͅచ̳ͥࢡ̱̩̞̈́͘փࡉ͒ა̳ͥࡀ၌͉̩̈́Ȃ ͉͒ ؊ͬা̯̞̈́উସ̧̭̦ͬ͐͂́ͥȃ ● औඋ৪͈փࡉ̤͍͢ๅ͉ͅȂ ಠ৪͈͒ࡢ૽ࢲ̦͉ࠢͣ̈́̀ͦ͘܄ ̞̈́ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉औඋ৪ͅࡄݪ৪͉̩́̈́Ȃ აͬ௯̱Ȃ ࡢ૽ͅ ͥͩ۾Ȃ ̹͉͘ࢲࠢഎ̈́ડ͚ͬ܄۰͉༎ਬ Ȫ̹͉͘ݵ๛ȫ ̱̫̈́ͦ ̞͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ρθ 14. डၻ͈க ȇ ༞̷̤͍͈֒͢ఈ͈ๅ ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ల२۾ܥȂ ႕ܑ̢͊ުȂ ڠٛȂ ౬ఘ Ȫ׳৪̹͉͘Αε ϋȜȫ ̯̽̀ͦͥ͢ͅ༞֒Ȃ අਬȂ Γ·ΏοϋȂ ̹͉͘႒য̳ͥ ၳͬๅ̧̳̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃ ࿒͈ඤယ͉Ȃ ࣐ۏ͈࿒എ֚͂౿̱̈́ ̫̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ࿒ͅࠇ͈ૻ༷̳ͥ۾शͬ൦̱Ȃ ๅ ࣐̠͒ͬͬྴ۾ܥඋ৪͒া̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࿒͈ཙ൮͘ ̹͉۾Ⴒ̳ͥࡢਫ਼́ྶ͈ࠇशͬ൦̳͈̳ͥ͂ͥ͜ȃ ̷͈ྶ͉ͅȂ ո͈ئম̦ࣜͥͦ͘܄ȃ ● ಠ৪̤͍͢༎ਬ৪͈ၰ৪̦߸࣓ͥࡃ̳͓̳̀ͥͅ۾Ȃ ၌͈ٺచၛ̹͘ ͉၌ٺచၛ͈ࠧශ̞͈̾̀ͅྶ̈́ږນ Ȫȶ၌͈ٺచၛȷ ४ચȫȃ ● ಠ৪͈۾Ⴒழͬ͛܄Ȃ ಠ৪ո͉̹͘૽ࡢ͈ٸ౬ఘ֚ͥ͢ͅ୨͈࣓ࡃ Ȫ႕ ȇ ༎ਬފႁȫ ͈ྶ ږ̈́ږȪȶ͈͈̥ͥ͢͜ͅȉȷ ४ચȫȃ ● ࣐ۏ͈ඤယ͈Ȃ აບȂ ༎ਬͅঀဥ̯ͦͥίυΓΑ͈୰ྶȂ අͅ ࣐ۏ͈ુ͈ඤယ̤͍͢औඋίυΓΑ֑̦̜̹͂̽ાࣣȂ ̭͈ ίυΓᾼ̷̤̫͈֑ͥത͈୰ྶȃ ● ࣐ۏ͈۾Ⴒழ̤͍͢༎ਬտ֥͈ٛમळȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́Ȃ ߄ऺރၳ̳ͥͅ۾ດഎਜ਼̱͂̀Ȃ ࣐ۏ̦ވ൳༎ਬ৪ͬහྵ̳̭ͥ͂ Ȫ߄ͬރංͥ౯ऺၳ̹͂̈́̽ड ͈մ͈ܳ૽̤͍࣐͢ۏ̦හྵ̱̹අ͈ࡢ૽ͬͥ͛܄ȫ ͬஒ͛ͥȃ ̭ͦͤ͢ͅȂ ̜ͥ༎ਬ৪̦අ͈ა͈ಠ৪̹͉࣓͘ࡃ৪̱͂̀͛ͣͦͥ ાࣣȂ ̹͉̜ͥ͘༎ਬ৪̦ুࡨ͈၌̹͛ͥͅ߸̦ٺ̈́༎ਬࠨ͈ෝ ႁͬఅ̠̈́خෝ͈̜ͥა͈̫̹ͬાࣣȂ ༎ਬࠨͬయၑහྵ́ ̧̠ͥ̈́ͥ͢ͅȃ ༎ਬࠨ࣐̠ͬषͅঀဥ̳ͥ۰ࠩ̈́ίυΓΑ୰ྶ̦͘܄ ̫̞ͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ౬ఘ̦͈̓ๅ࣐̠͈̥͒ͬȂ ̹͘ڰ൲͈ํ սͅڎ̱̀۾౬ఘ͈ი಼̢ͬ̀ࠨ̧࣐̠̭̞͉̭̳ͬ͂ͬ̈́́͂ͥخݺȃ ߄̹̜͈̽ރๅͅࠇश̳ͥष͈Ȃ ಠ৪͈̤͍͢ඤယ͈ Ȇ ༎ਬͅࠨ̳ͥ۾͉Ȃ ๅ͈༎ਬ৪ Ȫ̹͉͘ވ൳༎ਬ৪ȫ ࣐ͤ͢ͅ ̫̞ͩͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉Ȃ ࡔࣂ̹͉͘༞̦̯̹࣐֒ͦۏ̯݅ͅ ̞ͦ̀ͥါͬਖ਼̱̞֚̈́୨͈ๅ͈ๅ࣐̞ͬͩ̈́ࡀ၌ͬၣ༗ ̳ͥȃ ๅ၎࣐ୣහ̞̾̀ͅ ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ औඋ͍̤͢ۼܢๅίυΓΑಎͅະୃ࣐և͈̦݃݅ྶ̥ͣ ̹̈́̽ͅાࣣȂ ུ႒͈ ȶࡄ͈̯ୃ̫̤ͥͅݪ௯ૺȷ ૄ̱ࣜ́݅ ̜̀ͥํսඤ༹̤͍༷́͢Ȃ ̷͈ΉȜΑ̳͈̳ͬͥ͂ͥ͜ݞȃ ༎ਬ৪ ͉Ȃ ̴͘ಠ৪Ȃ ࣐ۏਫ਼ခ৪Ȃ ̤͍͢ȟ̹͉࣐͘ۏๅ২ Ȫχͼ ςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́Ȃ ࣐ۏๅζΥΐλȜ̹͉͘༎ਬ৪ͥ͢ͅȫ ͂ ̱ުފȂ ࢵͅͺΡΨͼΑͬຈါ̳͂ͥાࣣ͉Ȃ ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ (COPEȂ Committee on Publication Ethics)Ȃ ڠش༎ਬ৪ບ݈ٛ (CSEȂ Council of Science Editors)Ȃ ̷͈ఈ͈ഐ୨̈́౬ఘ̥͈ͣૂ༭ͬ४ࣉͅ ̱̀৾ͤழ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͘ȃ ● ະୃ࣐և̹̱ͬږાࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪͉ಠ৪ً͈ͅచ̱Ȃ ֚ۼܢଷव ந౾̧̦̭̳ͬͥ́͂هȃ ଷवந౾͉֚۹̱̀ഐဥ̯̫ͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ ̞ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉ଷवந౾̳ͬهஜͅȂ ଷवந౾ഐဥ Ȫੰݲȫ ̤͍͢ഐ ဥίυΓΑ͈ૄͬୃ̱̫̞݅̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ͅȃ χͼςȜȆήρΛ·;Ϳ σ࣐ۏ͈༎ਬ৪̦Ȃ ଷवந౾ͬ൦̳ͥાࣣ͉ͅȂ ഐ୨̈́ίυΓΑ ̦̹̯͛ͥͦͅهȂ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͈͂ͬͥ͛ۑȃ ● ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ (Committee on Publication Ethics) ͈̈́̓౬ఘ͉༎ ਬ৪ͅచ̱Ȃ ࣾඳ̈́ΉȜᾺ̱ͅ۾Ȃ ఈ͈༎ਬ৪̥ͣං̹༊͈̞ͤ̈́ͺΡ ΨͼΑ̱ͬރȂ အș̈́ਅ႒͈ະୃ࣐և͈ૂ̳ͥ۾ͅװ༭Ȃ ̷͈ఈ͈ ႃၑ࿚ఴ͈ૂ༭̱͜ރȂ ༎ਬ৪ً͉͈ݲম႕ͬ४ࣉ̱̀ͅఈ͈࣐ۏ ͈ࠐࡑ̧̦̭ͬͥ́͂͐ڠȃ ● ȶๅ͈ະୃ࣐և͈༭࣬ম႕͂ COPE ̥͈ͣͺΡΨͼΑ (reported cases of publication misconduct and advice from COPE)ȷ [18] ४ચȃ ࣐ۏ͉ಠ৪̫͈࢜ๅܰ̀ͅȂ ୣහ̜ͥๅ၎࣐ͬ௯̯̫̈́ͦ͊̈́ ̞ͣ̈́ȃ ● ४ࣉ ȇ ๅ၎࣐͈ๅႃၑ΄ͼΡρͼϋտ֥ٛ (Committee on Publication Ethics guidelines on publication practice) [5]Ȃ ֓ڠॠ ধ༎ਬ৪࣭षտ֥ٛൡ֚ܰ (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Uniform Requirements) [1]Ȃ ڠش༎ਬ৪ບ݈ٛ (CSE) ฒ (Council of Science Editors (CSE) white paper) [17]Ȃ ଲڠ֓ٮ ༎ਬ৪ފٛଽॐࣇႀ (World Association of Medical Editors policy statements) [19]Ȃ ୋٛ২͈̹͈͛ၻๅম႕ (Good Publication Practice for pharmaceutical companies) [20]Ȃ ༀιΟͻσρͼΗȜފ ٛႃၑܰ (American Medical Writers Association Code of Ethics) [21]Ȃ ؎ਗιΟͻσρͼΗȜފٛ (EMWA) औඋๅૺ࣐̤̫ͥͅι ΟͻσρͼΗȜ͈ͼ΄̳ͥ۾ͅڬΡρͼϋ (European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) guidelines on the role of medical writers in the development of peer-reviewed publications) [22]Ȃ ༀ࣭ൡࠗފ ٛ (ASA) ൡࠗக͈̹͈ࣣ͛ႃၑ΄ͼΡρͼϋ (American Statistical Association (ASA) Comprehensive Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice) [23]Ȃ ༀ࣭ڠاٛ (ACS) ႃၑঐૻ (American Chemical Association (ACS) Ethical Guidelines) [24]Ȃ ༀ࣭ၑڠٛၑڠ ৪͈ႃၑࡔၑ̤͍࣐͢൲ܰํȂ Γ·Ώοϋ 8 ȶࡄ͂ݪๅȷ (American Psychological Association Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, Section 8 ‘Research and Publication’)[25]Ȃ ႉদ ࡑ༭̳࣬ͥͅ۾ൡࣣܖ (Consolidated Standards of Reporting TrialsȂ CONSORT) [26]Ȃ ౯ୈഽ༭࣬ܖ (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD))[27]ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́ະୃ࣐ևȂ වخෝ̈́ଷवந౾ ȪൔैȂ ࡄ͈ݪະୃ࣐և͈͒చ؊Ȃ ਹໝๅȂ ಎੱȂ ྴနܤఅȂ ̵̞ͩ̾ͬ܄ ͚აඤ͈ະୃ࣐և͚ͬ܄ȫ ๊̳֚ͥͅ۾എ੩࡞̞͈̾̀ͅๅͬ ๅ̱̞̀ͥȃ ● χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσಠैࡀ̞̩̜̾̀ͥ͢ͅৗ࿚ (Wiley-Blackwell Copyright FAQs) ඤ͈ 1.21 Ȫൔै [28]ȫȂ 1.23 Ȫਹໝๅ [2]ȫ 1.24 ȪಎੱȂ ྴနܤఅȂ ̵̞ͩ̾ [29]ȫ ४ચȃ ● COPE έυȜΙλȜΠ ȶൎࣂაͅႃၑ࿚ఴ͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ȷ Ȫ20 βȜΐȫ ४ચȃ 9 10 ே̤͍͢ນ࡛͈ਫ਼ခࡀ ൔै͂ಠैࡀ ࣐ۏ༎ਬ৪̤͍͢උ৪͉ͅȂ ै̦ै৪ু͈͈́͜Ȃ ൔैै Ȫ̦خݺຈါ̈́ાࣣͅȂ ̱̈́ͅخݺఈ͈ಠ৪̥̹ͣ৾̽ાࣣȫ ͉́̈́ ̞̭͂Ȃ ̹͘ಠैࡀ͈ ̭̞̦͂̈́ٺȪ႕ ȇ ນ̦ໝୋ̯̹ͦાࣣȫ ͬ ࡀͥ͛ݥ၌̦̜ͥȃ ● ࣐ۏ͈ఉ̩͉Ȃ ༭̱̹࣬ა̦ಠ৪ু͈͈̜́ͤ͜Ȃ ಠैࡀͬਫ਼ခ ̳ͥ Ȫ̹͉͘ಠैࡀਫ਼ခ৪͈ͬخݺං̞̀ͥȫ ̞̠͂૭࣬ͬಠ৪͛ͅݥ ̞̀ͥȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ Ȇ ·Α·σȜΏή Ȇ ρͼΓϋΑ Ȇ έȜ θ (The Wiley-Blackwell Exclusive License Form)Ȃ ϋρͼϋ Ȇ Ȝίϋ Ȇ έȜθ (OnlineOpen Form)Ȃ ̹͉͘ಠैࡀঐাέȜθ (Copyright Assignment) ̽̀͢ͅȂ ̭͈ါ͈ঔ͉̞̯ͥ̀ͦاޑȃ ͈̀χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ࣐ۏ͈ๅͤ͢ஜͅȂ ̭͈ͦͣέȜθ͈ ̴̞̥͈̦ͦͥͦͣ͛ݥȃ ̭͉ͦͣȂ ა̦ςΐσ͈͈́͜Ȃ ո ஜͅๅ̴̯̤ͦ̀ͣȂ ̷͈डਞๅ̦ॗঊఘ̹͉͘ഩঊๅ͈ࠁ́ఈ̥ͣ ๅ̦൦̯̞̞̭ͦ̀̈́͂ͬ༗બ̳ͥषͅȂ Ⴒ၁ௗ࢛͂̈́ͥಠ৪͈ ྴͬͥ͛ݥ႒̜́ͥȃ ● ȶ൫ྶ̞̾̀ͅȷȂ ȶࡄ͈̯ୃ̫̤ͥͅݪ௯ૺȷ ४ચȃ എਫ਼ခࡀ͈༗ࢌ ࣐ۏਫ਼ခ৪̤͍͢ಠ৪͉ͅȂ ͈ুڎഎਫ਼ခࡀͬ༗ࢌ̳ͥࡀ၌̦ ̜ͥȃ ● എਫ਼ခࡀͬ༗ࢌ̳̹͈ͥ͛ΏΑΞθ͉အș̜ͤȂ ࣐ۏ̷̸͉͈ͦͦ ࿒എ͂ၑැͅड̥̠͈̈́ͬ͜͜नဥ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ ·;Ϳσ͈࣐ۏ͉ͅȂ ಠ৪̷̸͈ͦͦͅਫ਼ခࡀ͈༶̜̦͈ͥ͛͜ݥͬܤ ͥȃ ̹͘Ȃ ఈ͈χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ࣐ۏ͉ಠ৪̥ͣඤယ͈ঀဥݺ ౄͬං͈̜̦ͥͥ͜͜Ȃ ·ςͼΞͻή Ȇ κϋΒ Ȇ ρͼΓϋᾼ̽̀͢Ȝ ίϋ Ȇ ͺ·ΓΑ͈κΟσͬनဥ̳͈̜ͥͥ͜͜ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ́ ͉Ȃ ಠ৪ͥ͢ͅಠैࡀોളȟ֊ો͈ഥൡഎ̈́ΏΑΞθͬनဥ̳ͥͤ͢͜Ȃ ಠ৪̥ͣඤယ͈ঀဥݺౄͬංͥΏΑΞθ͈नဥͬஒ̞͛̀ͥȃ ● χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσಠैࡀ̞̩̜̾̀ͥ͢ͅৗ࿚ (Wiley-Blackwell Copyright FAQs) [30] ४ચȃ औඋ৪࣐և͂എਫ਼ခࡀ ಠ৪͉Ȃ ಠ৪̦࣐ۏ̱̹ͅै͈ඤယ̲̞̀ͥͅऔඋ৪̹͉͘ ̷͈ఈ͈ࡢ૽ͅȂ ̷͈ࡄ͈ݪே͈ൔैȂ ै͈ൔဥ࣐̞̠ͬͩ̈́͢ݥ ̧̭̦͛ͥ͂́ͥȃ ● औඋ৪̫͈࣐࢜ۏ΄ͼΡρͼϋ͉ͅȂ औඋ৪͈͍̤͢ڬୣහȂ අͅ ै͈ๅ́͘ޭ̷͈́ैͬ৾ͤե̠̭̞͂̾̀ͅྶা̱̫̈́ͦ ̞͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ औඋ৪ͅऔඋͬਞ̢̹ა͈෫̞̫̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́͛ݥͬܤȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ൔै̹͉͘ൔဥ͈૭̱ၛ̦̀ၛબ̯̭ͦͥ͂ͬထ̱ܢȂ ൔैȂ ൔဥ͈૭̱ၛ̞̀̾̀ͅ૯࠵ͅచੜ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ औඋ৪͈ࡓ̦ນ̯ͦͥાࣣ́͜Ȃ औඋ৪ͬಠ৪̥ͣ༗ ࢌ̱Ȃ අͅະୃ࣐և͈̞̦̜݃ͥાࣣ͉ͅȂ ಠ৪̦औඋ৪ͅೄ୪୪ ̳͈ͥͬஷগ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ● ȶࡄ͈̯ୃ̫̤ͥͅݪ௯ૺȷ ४ચȃ ● ρθ 15 ४ચȃ ● ४ࣉ ȇ ȶऔඋႃၑ ȇ აࢷר৪͈̹͈͛΄ͼΡ (Ethics of Peer Review: A Guide for Manuscript Reviewers)ȷȂ ༀ࣭ࡄ( ޫୃݪORI, US Office of Research Integrity) Ȝσఱ[ ڠ13]ȃ ρθ 15. डၻ͈க ȇ എਫ਼ခࡀ͈༗ࢌ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉Ȃ ̜ͣͥ͠აͬๅ̳ͥྶͬࡠࡀ̈́ږၣ༗̳ ༹̭̦ͥ͂ၙષ̞ͥ̀ͦͣ͛ݥȃ ൚২͈ࠈڠ͉ٛȂ ൚২͈̳ͥރ ίΏοϋ̥ͣȂ ͈̓ಠैࡀފͬࠨ̥ͬͥ͛ݥ̳ͥȃ ո̷͈ͅئ۰ࠩ̈́ ୰ྶͬૄؿ̧ܱ́श̳ͥȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ͉́Ȃ ·Α·σȜ Ώή Ȇ ρͼΓϋΑ Ȇ έȜθ ȪELFȫ ΏΑΞθͬଔ̱̞̀ͥȃ Ȫ;Ϳήͼ Π́ϋίσͬ४ચ ȇ http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/IJCP_ELF.pdfȫȃ ● χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ Ȇ ·Α·σȜΏή Ȇ ρͼΓϋΑ Ȇ έȜθ (ELF, Exclusive License Form) ̭͈ಠैࡀࠀέȜθ͉Ȃ අͅȂ എ ਫ਼ခࡀਫ਼ခ৪ Ȫಠ৪̹͉͘۾ܥȫ ̦Ȃ ࣐ۏ͈ুڎა͈ಠैࡀ ͈༗ͬخෝ̳͈̜͂ͥ́ͥ͜ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ̹͉࣐͘ۏ ਫ਼ခ৪͉ުષ͈ๅ̤͍࣐͢ۏ༎ਬ͈ࡀ၌ͬခ̳ͥȃ ● χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ Ȇ ϋρͼϋȜίϋ Ȇ ·Α·σȜΏή Ȇ ρͼ ΓϋΑ Ȇ έȜθ (OOF, OnlineOpen Exclusive License Form) ̭͈ ಠैࡀࠀέȜθ͉ ȪඅͅȂ ELF ͈̠͢ͅȫȂ აๅ̱ͬخݺȂ ͼ ϋΗȜΥΛΠષ͈ুဇ̈́ͺ·ΓΑ༷̳֚ͬ́ͥخݺȂ എਫ਼ခࡀ͈ਫ਼ ခ৪ Ȫಠ৪̹͉͘۾ܥȫ ̷̸͈͈࣐ͦͦۏა͈ಠैࡀ༗ခͬخ ෝ̳͈̜͂ͥ́ͥ͜ȃ OOF ͉·ςͼΞͻή Ȇ κϋΒ 2.5 ͬਜ਼̱Ȃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ̹͉࣐͘ۏਫ਼ခ৪͉ުષ͈ๅ̤͍͢ۏ ࣐༎ਬ͈ࡀ၌ͬခ̳ͥȃ ● ಠैࡀঐাέȜθ (CAF, The Copyright Assignment Form) ֨͜ ̧̧ঀဥ̯̞ͦ̀ͥȃ 11 έυȜΙλȜΠ ࡔಠ৪͈་ࢵ (a) Ⴒ၁൚͈ಠ৪ͥ͢ͅๅஜ͈ಠ৪حါݥ ࡔಠ৪་ࢵၑဇ͈ٜྶ ಠ৪֥̦ಠ৪ͅح൳փ̱̞̥̀ͥͬږ ಠ৪֥̦൳փ ಠ৪̦൳փ̱̞̈́ ૧̱̞ಠ৪࣐ͅۏ͈ ࡔಠ৪͈࡞̵࣐ͬͩͥ 㧔नဥ̯ͦͥાࣣ㧕 ຈါ̈́ાࣣ͉ͬͅ۾ܥ̱̀Ȃ ࡔಠ৪̱̀ͅ۾ಠ৪֥͈൳փ̦ංͣ ͦͥ́͘ა͈औඋȟๅͬܢװ ಕ ȇ औඋ৪͈փࡉͅ؊̲̹ ġਹါ̈́་ࢵȃ ႕ Ƃ ૧ΟȜΗ͈ ġġ͉ح૧̱̞ಠ৪͈ͬح ୃ൚̠̱ͥا ࣓ࡃ৪̦̞ͥાࣣ͉࣓ࡃ৪͈મळ 㧔ࡃ࣓ڎ৪ȟಠ৪͈ڬ㧕͈ਘୃ औඋȟๅͬૺ͛ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ࡔಠ৪͈་ࢵ (b) Ⴒ၁൚͈ಠ৪ͥ͢ͅๅஜ͈ಠ৪ॉੰါݥ ࡔಠ৪་ࢵၑဇ͈ٜྶ ಠ৪֥̦ಠ৪͈ॉੰͅ൳փ̱̞̥̀ͥͬږ ಠ৪֥̦൳փ ࣓ࡃ৪͈મळ Ȫࡃ࣓ڎ৪ȟಠ৪͈ڬȫ ͈ਘୃ̤͍͢ږ औඋȟๅͬૺ͛ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ა̥ͣॉੰ̯ͦͥಠ৪㧔ͣ㧕 ͈͒͂ږȂ ͥ͢ͅ ൳փ͈ව̦ਹါ ಠ৪̦൳փ̱̞̈́ ࡔಠ৪̞͈̾̀ͅ൳փ̦ංͣͦͥ́͘ ა͈औඋȟๅ̳ͬͥܢװȃ ॉੰ ̯ͦͥಠ৪ͅȂ ̭͈ͬૺ̹̞͛ાࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪͉̩͂́̈́ఈ͈ಠ৪̹͉͘۾ܥ ͂͂͜ͅૺ͛ͥຈါ̦̜ͥকͬഥ̢ͥ 12 ࡔಠ৪͈་ࢵ (c) ๅࢃ͈ಠ৪͈حါݥ ࡔಠ৪་ࢵၑဇ͈ٜྶ ̶̈́ಠ৪̦൚͈ಠ৪ςΑΠ̥ͣ ġॉੰ̯̹͈̥ͦଂ͇ͥ ȝ ၑேഎ ġġġ͉ͅȂ ࣐ۏ΄ͼΡρͼϋȂ ġġġ̹͉͘ಠ৪̧֥̦̱̥͓ͥ ġġġġġġಠ৪ܖͬྖ̹̱ಠ৪̧̜͓́ͥ ġġġġġġġ૽̦ॉੰ̯̞̞̭͓ͦ̀̈́͂ͬ ġġġġġġġġġ̞̀ͥࡔಠ৪ྶͬ४ࣉ̳ͥͅ ಠ৪֥̦ಠ৪͈ͅح൳փ̱̞̥̀ͥͬږ ಠ৪֥̦൳փ ಠ৪̦൳փ̱̞̈́ ୃࢋນ͈ๅ ಠ৪֥ͥ͢ͅࡔಠ৪͈൳փ̦ංͣͦ ͥ́͘ࡔಠ৪͈་ࢵ࣐̞̭ͬͩ̈́͂ͬ ୰ྶȃ ࡔಠ৪ͬૻ༷͈̞̀̾ͅڒ া̳̦ͥȂ ݈ა͉࣐̞ͩ̈́ ಠ৪֥̦൳փ ຈါ̈́ાࣣ͉ୃࢋນͬๅ ြ࿚ఴ̳̹ͬٝͥ͛ͅ ȇ (1) ๅஜͅಠ৪ͤ͢Ȃ ࠇश ಠ৪֥̦ࡔಠ৪ܖͬྖ ̹̱Ȃ ܖͬྖ̹̳ಠ৪͈ ̥̈́ͅڬՔ̯̞ͦ̀ͥ૽ ̦̞̞̈́কͬ୰ྶ̳ͥ ͈͒ྴͬංͥ (2) ࡃ࣓ڎ৪͈ࡄ͍̤͢ݪ ๅͅచ̳࣓ͥࡃ͈મळͬ ນা̳ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ಠ৪͈൳փ̦̺͘ං̞ͣͦ̈́ ڂ൚̞̾̀ͅಠ৪͈ਫ਼ ௺͒۾ܥ࿚̵̞ࣣͩȂ ٜࠨͬͥ͛ݥ ࢋୃ̹ͣͦͣ͛ݥͤ͢ͅ۾ܥນͬๅ 13 ࡔಠ৪͈་ࢵ (d) ๅࢃ͈ಠ৪ॉੰ͈ါݥ ࡔಠ৪་ࢵၑဇ͈ٜྶ ಠ৪̦་ࢵ̱ͅ۾ ̫වͦͣͦͥ ၑဇ̳ͬͥރ ಠ৪֥̦་ࢵͅ ൳փ̱̞̥̀ͥͬ ږȪॉੰ̯ͦͥ ಠ৪͚ͬ܄ȫ ಠ৪̦ੰྴͬͥ͛ݥၑဇͬ ġġଂ͇ͥȃ ࣐ۏ΄ͼΡρͼϋȂ ġġġ̹͉͘ࡔಠ৪͉ಠ৪̱͈͂̀ ġġġġܖͬྖ̹̱̞͓̞̀ͥ͂̀ͥ ġġġġġġࡔಠ৪ྶͬ४ࣉ̳ͥͅȃ ġġġġġġಠ৪̦घ݁ȟະୃ࣐և͈݃݅ ġġġġġġġġ̦̜ͥ͂ࣉ̢̞̥̀ͥଂ͇ͥ ಠ৪̦घ݁ȟະୃ࣐ևͬ৽ಫ ಠ৪̽̀͢ͅ։̈́ͥ ΟȜΗٜ৷ ΟȜΗ͇̾௮͈έυȜ ΙλȜΠ४ચ ಠ৪ͅࡉٜͬτΗȜ͓́ͥ ̭͂ͬմ̳ͥȃ ఈ͈ಠ৪̷͈ͅ༐൞ͬ ͛ݥȂ ഐ൚̷̜͈́ͦ͊ၰ༷ͬๅ̳ͥ কͬ୰ྶ̳ͥȃ Ȫ̾ͤ͘Ȃ ഐ୨̈́ಿ̯́ ಎੱഎ͉̞͈́̈́͜ȫ ୃࢋນ͈ๅ ಠ৪̦τΗȜ̩ͬ ಠ৪̦τΗȜ̩ͬ ̭͂ͅ൳փ̱̞̈́ Ȫ̹͉͘ ๅະخෝ̈́ඤယ͈͈̩ͬ͜ȫ ఈ͈ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ̭̞ܳ̽̀ͥমͬ୰ྶ̳ͥ ఈ͈ಠ৪̦ٝ൞ͬ ၰτΗȜ͈ๅ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ఈ͈ಠ৪̦ٝ൞͈ ͚ͬݵ ઁତ෩͈ࡉٜ͈τΗȜ͈ๅ ಠ৪̦ੰྴͬ৽ಫ̱Ȃ ఈ͈ಠ৪̷̦ͦͅ ൳փ̱̹ાࣣȂ ୃࢋນ͈ ๅͬ൦̳ͥ 14 ਹໝ Ȫඵਹȫ ๅ͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ (a) ൎࣂაͅਹໝๅ͈̦̜݃݅ͥ औඋ৪ͥ͢ͅ༎ਬ৪͈͒ਹໝๅ༭࣬ ಕ ȇ ಠ৪͈̹͈͛ ঐা͉ͅȂ ਹໝๅͅచ̳ͥ ࣐ۏ͈༷৾ͥૻ̦͓̞ͣͦ̀ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ ಠ৪͒ྶ͈͒ྴȂ ఼̹͉͘ঠ͈ΙͿΛ·ͬ͂ͥ͛ݥȂ ࢃ͈औ͈षͅၛ̾ औඋ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ औْ̳ͬࠗͥকͬഥ̢ͥ બྚͬݶව͈ાࣣ͉Ȃ બݶ႒ͬව̳ͥ ਹໝ͈ഽͬږ ৽̈́ਹໝ Ȫ̳̻̈́ͩȂ ̩൳̲̹͉͘ ႒য̳ͥࡄ͈ضࠫݪ൳̲ΟȜῌ ̧̿ܖȂ ̤͍͢ / ̹͉͘ಠ৪̦ ਹໝ͈֯ඁ̹ͬ͛ݥબݶȃ ႕̢͊ ఴྴ̹͉͘ಠ৪ਜ਼͈་ࢵ̹͉͘ոஜͅ ๅ̯̹ͦაͬ֨ဥ̱̞̞̀̈́ȫ ဒ઼͈̈́͜Ȃ ̹͉͘ୃ൚̈́ठଢ଼ ̈́̓Ȃ ڛഎਹါ̞́̈́ਹໝ Ȫ႕̢͊Ȃ ήΈσȜίȟठऔ͈ ڐఱȟఈ͈ȜΟͻϋΑ͈̹͈͛ ΟͻΑΛΏοϋȫ ̧́ͦ͊ ै̦ոஜͅఈ́ๅ ̯̞̞̭͓̹ͦ̀̈́͂ͬྴව͈ͤ ࡔಠ৪ྶ Ȫ̹͉͘ΨȜτΗȜȫ ̤͍͢ਹໝ͈બݶ႒ͬ൳໑̱̹࿂́ Ⴒ၁൚͈ಠ৪ͤͅႲ၁ͬ͂ͥ ಎၛഎ̈́ၛા́ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ͂ͥ བ͈ນྶȟ࣐ۏ͈ၛાͬ ୰ྶ̳ͥȃ ඵষഎ̈́ა͉ࡔͬ ४ચ̳̭͈ͥ͂୰ྶȃ ொව̯̞ͦ̀ ̞̈́ࡔ͈४ࣉࡃ͈ါݥȂ ̤͍͢ȟ ̹͉͘ਹໝၳ͈ॉੰ͈ါȃ औඋͬૺ͛ͥ ಠ৪ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪̥͈ͣٝ൞ औඋ৪ࠫͅضȟ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ఈ͈ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ͂ͥ ̠͢দ͙ͥ ȪMedline/Google ́ιȜσͺΡτΑ͓ͬͥȫ ྖ௷͈̞̥̞̈́ ୰ྶȟऻͬ͛ͥ ྖ௷͈̞̩୰ྶ Ȫ՛փ͈̞̈́ηΑȟ ࣐ۏঐૻ͈ ະྶၸȟྚ̈́ ࡄݪ৪ ) ಠ৪ Ȫ̧́ͦ͊ಠ৪֥ȫ ͅ ̫͈৾ͤݵ๛Ȃ ၛા͈ ୰ྶȂ ܢఞ̯ͦͥࣽࢃ͈͏ͥ ̞̞̾̀͘ͅ࿂ͬͥ ಠ৪͈ঐ൵৪̤ ͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ࡄݪ ۯၑୣහ৪͈͒ ͈൦ ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪͈ਫ਼௺͒۾ܥႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ಠ৪͈ષং̤͍͢ȟ ̹͉͘ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪͒࠼ැͬഥ̢̠ͥͥ͛͢ݥȃ ঞ͈ႀͬږං̠̳ͥͥ͢ͅ ಠ৪ Ȫ̧́ͦ͊ಠ৪֥ȫ ͒ ͈৾ݵ๛Ȃ ၛા͈୰ྶȂ ࣽࢃ̧͓࣐৾ͥ൲̞̾̀ͅ ࿂̀ͥͅ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͒ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ औඋ৪͒ࠫضȟ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ٝ൞̦ྫ̞ાࣣ ͉ ͅ۾ܥ3ſ6 ύ ̮͂ͅႲ၁ͬ৾ͤ ̫ͥ ਹఱ̈́ਹໝ͉ྫ̱ औඋ࣐̹ͬ̽औඋ৪ ͈͂დ̱ࣣ̞ ಕ ȇ ICMJE ཱུ͉́ ġġġ̫ͬව̦ͦͥȂ ġġġġࡔͬ࡞̫̱ͦ̈́ݞ ġġġġġġ̞̭͊̈́ͣ̈́͂ͬ ਹໝ Ȫඵਹȫ ๅ͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ (b) ๅაͅਹໝๅ͈̦̜݃݅ͥ උ৪ͥ͢ͅ༎ਬ৪͈͒ਹໝๅ༭࣬ ಕ ȇ ಠ৪͈̹͈͛ঐা͉ͅȂ ਹໝๅͅచ̳࣐ͥۏ͈৾ͥ ༷ૻ̦͓̞̫ͣͦ̀̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ ̞̈́ȃ ಠ৪͒ྶ͈͒ྴȂ ఼̹͉͘ঠ͈ΙͿΛ·ͬ ͂ͥ͛ݥȂ ࢃ͈औ͈षͅၛ̾ උ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ औْ̳ͬࠗͥকͬഥ̢ͥ બྚ̦ݶව͈ાࣣ͉Ȃ ႒ͬව̳ͥ ਹໝ͈ഽͬږ ৽̈́ਹໝ Ȫ̳̻̈́ͩȂ ̩൳̲̹͉͘ ႒য̳ͥࡄ͈ضࠫݪ൳̲ΟȜῌ ̧̿ܖȂ ̷̱̀ȟ̹͉͘ಠ৪̦ਹໝ͈ ֯ඁ̹ͬ͛ݥબݶȃ ႕̢͊ఴྴ̹͉͘ ಠ৪ਜ਼͈་ࢵ̹͉͘ոஜͅๅ̯̹ͦ აͬ֨ဥ̱̞̞̀̈́ȫ ̧́ͦ͊ै̦ոஜͅఈ́ๅ̯ ̞̞̭͓̹ͦ̀̈́͂ͬྴව͈ͤ ࡔಠ৪ྶ Ȫ̹͉͘ΨȜτΗȜȫ ̤͍͢ਹໝ͈બݶ႒ͬ൳໑̱̹ ࿂ͬႲ၁൚͈ಠ৪ͤͅ Ⴒ၁ͬ͂ͥ ಠ৪̥͈ͣٝ൞ ಕ ȇ ICMJE ཱུ͉́ͬ ಎၛഎ̈́ၛા́ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ͂ͥȟ ġġ̫ව̦ͦͥȂ ࡔ͈࡞ བ͈ນྶ / ࣐ۏ͈ၛાͬ୰ྶ̳ͥȃ ġġġġġ̦ݞຈါ̭̈́͂ͬȃ ඵষഎ̈́ა͉ຈ̴ࡔͬ४ચ̳ͥ ġġġġġġ༎ਬ৪͉Ȃ ̭͈̠̈́͢ ̭͂ͬ୰ྶȃ ࡔͬ४ચ̱̹ୃࢋ ġġġġġġġાࣣȂ കٝȟඵਹๅ ນ͈อ࣐ͬდ̱ࣣ̠ȃ ġġġġġġġġġġ༭࣬ͤ͢͜Ȃ ͚̱ͧ ༎ਬ৪ͅȂ ஜๅ͈࡞ͬݞփഎġġġġġġġġġġġġഁୃ͈ๅͬ൦̳ͥ ̫̹̲͂ͥͅၑဇ̦̜ͥાࣣȂ ġġġġġġġġġġġġģ̭̦̇͂́ͥ Ȫ̳̈́ ಠ৪͈ષং̹͉͘ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪ ġġġġġġġġġġġġġ̻ͩȂ ςΐσ͈ ͈͒ͬ൦̳ͥ ġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġა͈͒ςϋ·ȫ ಠ৪ٝ൞̱̈́ ྖ௷͈̞̥̞̈́ ୰ྶȟऻͬ͛ͥ ఈ͈ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ৾ͥ ̠͢দ͙ͥ ȪMedline/ Google ࡛́ह͈ਫ਼௺ȟ ιȜσͺΡτΑ͓ͬͥȫ ྖ௷͈̞̩୰ྶ Ȫ՛փ͈̞̈́ηΑȟ ࣐ۏঐૻ͈ ະྶၸȟྚ̈́ ࡄݪ৪ȫ ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪͈ਫ਼௺͒۾ܥႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ಠ৪͈ષং̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪ ͒࠼ැͬഥ̢̠ͥͥ͛͢ݥ ਹໝ̹͉͘കٝྶ͈ๅ͈ ൦ȃ ఈ͈࣐ۏ͈߸۾ ༎ਬ৪͈͒Ⴒ၁ ಠ৪͈ષং̤͍͢ȟ ̹͉͘ࡄۯݪၑ ୣහ৪͈͈͒ ൦ උ৪͒ࠫضȟ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ಠ৪ Ȫ̧́ͦ͊ಠ৪֥ȫ ͈͒ ৾ݵ๛Ȃ ၛા͈୰ྶȂ ࣽࢃ৾ ̧͓࣐ͥ൲̞̾̀ͅ࿂̀ͥͅ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͒ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ උ৪ͅȂ ࠫضȟ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ٝ൞̦ྫ̞ાࣣ ͉ ͅ۾ܥ3ſ6 ύ ̮͂ͅႲ၁ͬ৾ͤ ̫ͥ 15 16 ΟȜΗᒐ௮͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ (a) ൎࣂაͅΟȜΗᒐ௮͈̦̜݃݅ͥ औඋ৪ͥ͢ͅΟȜΗᒐ௮͈̞͈݃ນྶ औඋ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ બ ̞ͣͬ͜ݶȪྚව͈ ાࣣȫ औْ̳ͬࠗͥকͬഥ̢ͥ ఈ͈औඋ৪ͤ͢ΓϋΡ Ȇ άΣϋͬංͥ൦࣐̠ͬ ΟȜΗᒐ௮͈બͥ͛͂ͬ͘ݶ ࡔၳ̦̯̹ͦ ġા̧ࣣ́ͦ͊ಠ৪͈ ġġġਫ਼௺ފ͈͂۾ܥႁ́ ġġġġഐහ૽ͅບ̱̀ث ġġġġ̫ͣͩ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ͜ ġġġġġġġġ̞̈́ ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ࠼ැ̳ͥඤယͬ ୰ྶ̳̦ͥȂ ೄ୪ඳ͉̱̞̈́ ಠ৪̥͈ͣٝ൞ ྖ௷͈̞̥ ̞̈́୰ྶȟ ऻͬ͛ͥ ྖ௷͈̞̩ ୰ྶ ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪̥͈ͣٝ൞ ಠ৪͈ਫ਼௺͒۾ܥႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ಠ৪͈ષং̤ ͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪͒࠼ැͬഥ̢̠ͥ͢ݥ ͛ͥȃ ຈါ̈́ાࣣ͉ވ൳ಠ৪͈ފ͂۾ܥႁ̳ͥ ຈါͅ؊̲̀ࡔၳȟ ࡄݪΦȜΠͬါ̳ͥݥ ಠ৪ͅȂ ۾ܥȟ ܰଷ౬ఘ͒Ⴒ၁̳ͥ փͬഥ̢ͥ ఈ͈ಠ৪ͅႲ၁̠ͬ͂ͥ͢ দ͙ͥ ȪMedline/Google ́ιȜσͺΡτΑ͓ͬͥȫ ಠ৪ٝ൞̱̈́ ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪͒৫ऻ̱Ȃ औඋ৪͒ ࠫͬض༭࣬Ȃ ຈါ̈́ાࣣ͉ औඋͬૺ͛ͥ ܰଷ౬ఘ Ȫ႕ ȇ ͈࣭֓ם͈ ાࣣ͉ GMCȫ ͒औͬ ջှ̳ͥ ಠ৪͈ਫ਼௺͒۾ܥ Ⴒ၁ͬ৾ͤȂ औͬါ̳ͥݥ ٝ൞̱̈́͘ ̹͉ྖ௷͈̞ ̩ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪͈ࠩฒ ಠ৪͈ऻ̦ ͛ͣͦͥ ಠ৪͒৫ऻ̱Ȃ ຈါ̜́ ͦ͊औඋͬૺ͛ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ݵ๛ औඋ৪͒ࠫͬض ༭࣬ 17 ΟȜΗᒐ௮͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ (b) ๅაͅΟȜΗᒐ௮͈̦̜݃݅ͥ උ৪ͥ͢ͅΟȜΗᒐ௮͈̞͈݃ນྶ උ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ औْ̳ͬࠗͥকͬഥ̢ͥ ఈ͈औඋ৪ͤ͢ΓϋΡ Ȇ άΣϋͬංͥ൦࣐̠ͬ ΟȜΗᒐ௮͈બͥ͛͂ͬ͘ݶ ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ࠼ැ̳ͥඤယͬ୰ྶ̳ͥ ຈါͅ؊̲̀ࡔၳ / ࡄݪΦȜΠͬါ̳ͥݥ ಠ৪̥͈ͣٝ൞ ಠ৪ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪̥͈ͣٝ൞ ྖ௷͈̞̥̞̈́ ୰ྶȟऻͬ͛ͥ ಠ৪ͅȂ ۾ܥȟ ܰଷ౬ఘ͒Ⴒ၁ ̳ͥփͬഥ̢ͥ ġġࡔၳ̦̯̹ͦાࣣȂ ģ̇́ͦ͊ಠ৪͈ਫ਼௺ ġġފ͈͂۾ܥႁ́Ȃ ഐහ ġġġ૽ͅບ̱̈́ͩͣ̀͜ث ġġġġ̫̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ ఈ͈ಠ৪ͅႲ၁̠ͬ͂ͥ͢ দ͙ͥ ȪMedline/Google ́ιȜσͺΡτΑ͓ͬͥȫ ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪͈ਫ਼௺͒۾ܥႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ಠ৪͈ષং̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪ ͒࠼ැͬഥ̢̠ͥͥ͛͢ݥȃ ຈါ̈́ાࣣ͉ ވ൳ಠ৪͈ފ͂۾ܥႁ̳ͥ ྖ௷͈̞̩ ୰ྶ ಠ৪͒৫ऻ ຈါ̈́ાࣣ͉ୃࢋນ͈ๅ Ȫ႕ ȇ ՛փ͈̞̈́ηΑ̦ ࡉ̥̹̾̽ાࣣȫ උ৪͒ࠫͬض༭࣬ ಠ৪͈͒۾ܥ Ⴒ၁৾ͤȂ औͬါ̳ͥݥ ٝ൞̱̈́ ܰଷ౬ఘ Ȫ႕ ȇ ͈࣭ם ͈֓ાࣣ͉ GMCȫ ͒औͬջှ̳ͥ ٝ൞̹͉͘ ྖ௷͈̞̩ ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪͈ΟȜΗ ᒐ௮ऻ കٝྶ͈ ๅ ಠ৪ͅऻ̦ ྫ̞ম̦ྶ ಠ৪͈͒৫ऻ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ࠼ැ͈ນྶͬ ๅ̳ͥ උ৪͒ࠫͬض ༭࣬ 18 ൔै͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ (a) ൎࣂაͅൔै͈̦̜݃݅ͥ औඋ৪̥͈ͣൔै̠ͬ݃༭࣬ औඋ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ औْ̳ͬࠗͥকͬഥ̢ͥ બྚͬݶව͈ાࣣ͉Ȃ બݶ႒ͬව̳ͥ ಕ ȇ ಠ৪͈̹͈͛ঐা͉ͅȂ ൔै͈݅͂ൔैͅచ̳ͥ ࣐ۏ͈༷৾ͥૻ̦͓̞ͣͦ̀ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ ৢ̱͈ഽࣣ̞̳ͬͥږ ౣ̞࡞̞̱͈͙ٝͬৢ̱̹ Ȫ႕ ȇ ΥͼΞͻήոͥ͢ͅٸ აඤ͈ΟͻΑΛΏοϋȫ ڛഎਹါ͉̞͈́̈́͜ ΟȜΗ͈ࢋ͈̞͉̈́́͜௺ܦ ྶ̥ͣ̈́ൔै Ȫᇃ୮৪ͥ͢ͅ ͈̜̠́ͥ̈́͜͢Ȃ Ξ΅ΑΠ̤ ͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ΟȜΗ͈ఱܰ࿅̈́ ਫ਼ະમ͈ࡢਫ਼ȫ ̧́ͦ͊ै̦ςΐσ͈ ͈̜́ͥ͜ক͓̹ͬྴව͈ͤ ࡔಠ৪ྶ Ȫ̹͉͘ΨȜτΗȜȫ ̤͍͢ൔै͈બݶ႒ͬ൳໑̱̹ ࿂ͬႲ၁൚͈ಠ৪ͤͅ Ⴒ၁ͬ͂ͥ ಎၛഎ̈́ၛા́ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ ͬ͂ͥȟབ͈ນྶ / ࣐ۏ͈ ၛાͬ୰ྶ̳ͥȃ ಠ৪ͅৢ ̱̹࡞̞̱ٝͬȂ ̧ೄ̳͢ ̠ͅါ̹͉͘४ࣉࡃ͈ ֨ဥ̱͂̀ೄ୪̷͈໐ͬ େࣺ͚̠ͤ͢ͅါ̳ͥ ಠ৪̥͈ͣٝ൞ ٝ൞̱̈́ ྖ௷͈̞̥̞̈́ ୰ྶȟऻͬ͛ͥ ఈ͈ಠ৪ͅႲ၁̠ͬ͂ͥ͢ দ͙ͥ ȪMedline/Google ́ιȜσͺΡτΑ͓ͬͥȫ ྖ௷͈̞̩୰ྶ Ȫ՛փ͈̞̈́ηΑȟ ࣐ۏঐা͈ ະྶၸȟྚ̈́ ࡄݪ৪ȫ ಠ৪ Ȫ̧́ͦ͊ಠ৪֥ȫ ͅ ̫͈৾ͤݵ๛Ȃ ၛા͈ ୰ྶȂ ܢఞ̯ͦͥࣽࢃ͈͏ͥ ̞̞̩̾̀͘ͅ ಠ৪͈ષং̤͍͢ȟ ̹͉͘ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪ ̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ ٺ৪̜̠́ͤͥ ૽͈͈͒൦ ਹໝ Ȫ႕ ȇ ಠ ৪ু͈ఈ͈ ै͈ৢ̱ȫ— ਹໝ̳ͥͅ۾ έυȜΙλȜΠ ͬ४ચ औඋ৪͂ დ̱ࣣ̠ ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪͈ਫ਼௺͒۾ܥႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ಠ৪͈ષং̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪ ͒࠼ැͬഥ̢̠ͥͥ͛͢ݥ ಠ৪ Ȫ̧́ͦ͊ಠ৪֥ȫ ͅȂ ͈৾ͤݵ๛Ȃ ၛા͈୰ྶȂ ܢఞ̯ͦͥࣽࢃ͈͏̞ͥ͘ ̞̩̾̀ͅ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͒ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ औඋ৪͒ࠫضȟ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ࿚ఴ̱̈́ ٝ൞̦ྫ̞ાࣣ͉ ͅ۾ܥ3ſ6 ύ̮͂ͅ Ⴒ၁̫ͬ৾ͤͥ ٜࠨॐ̦ྫ̞ાࣣ͉Ȃ ༀ࣭͉́ ORIȂ ͉࣭́ם GMC ͈̈́̓߸۾൚ޫ͈͒ Ⴒ၁ͬ൦̳ͥġ 19 ൔै͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ (b) ๅაͅൔै͈̦̜݃݅ͥ උ৪̥͈ͣൔै̠ͬ݃༭࣬ උ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ औْ̳ͬࠗͥকͬഥ̢ͥ બྚͬݶව͈ાࣣ͉Ȃ બݶ႒ͬව̳ͥ ಕ ȇ ಠ৪͈̹͈͛ঐা͉ͅȂ ൔै͈݅͂ൔैͅచ̳ͥ ࣐ۏ͈༷৾ͥૻ̦͓̞ͣͦ̀ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ ৢ̱͈ഽࣣ̞̳ͬͥږ ྶ̥ͣ̈́ൔै Ȫᇃ୮৪ͥ͢ͅ ͈̜̠́ͥ̈́͜͢Ȃ Ξ΅ΑΠ ̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ΟȜΗ͈ ఱܰ࿅̈́ਫ਼ະમ͈ࡢਫ਼ȫ ౣ̞࡞̞̱͈͙ٝͬৢ̱̹ Ȫ႕ ȇ აඤ͈ΟͻΑΛ Ώοϋȫ ڛഎਹါ͉̞͈́̈́͜ ΟȜΗ͈ࢋ͈̞͉̈́́͜௺ܦ ̧́ͦ͊ै̦ςΐ σ͈͈̜́ͥ͜ক͓̹ͬྴ ව͈ͤಠै৪ྶ Ȫ̹͉͘ ΨȜτΗȜȫ ̤͍͢୮ൔ͈ બݶ႒ͬ൳໑̱̹࿂ ͬႲ၁൚͈ಠ৪ͤͅ Ⴒ၁ͬ͂ͥ ಎၛഎ̈́ၛા́ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ ͬ͂ͥȟབ͈ນྶȟ࣐ۏ͈ ၛાͬນྶ̳ͥȃ ࡔै̦४ࣉ ࡃ̱͂̀ࠇश̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́ ાࣣȂ ഁୃ͈ๅ͈დ̱ ࣣ̞࣐̠ͬ ಠ৪̥͈ͣٝ൞ ٝ൞̱̈́ ྖ௷͈̞̥ ̞̈́୰ྶȟ ऻͬ͛ͥ ಠ৪֥ͅ Ⴒ၁ͬ৾ͤȂ ࣽࢃْ͈ࠗ ͬഥ̢ͥ උ৪ Ȫ̱͜͜։̈́ͥાࣣȂ ൔै̯̹ͦಠ৪ Ȫͣȫȫ ࣐ͅۏ͈৾ͥந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ఈ͈ಠ৪ͅႲ၁̠ͬ͂ͥ͢ দ͙ͥ ȪMedline/Google ࡛́ह͈ਫ਼௺۾ܥȟιȜσ ͺΡτΑ͓ͬͥȫ ྖ௷͈̞̩୰ྶ Ȫ՛փ͈̞̈́ηΑȟ ࣐ۏঐা͈ ະྶၸȟྚ̈́ ࡄݪ৪ȫ കٝྶ͈ๅ͈൦ ఈ͈࣐ۏ͈߸۾༎ਬ৪ ̹͉͘ൔै̯̹ͦୠ͈ ๅ২͈͒Ⴒ၁ ಠ৪͈ષং̤͍͢ȟ ̹͉͘ಠ৪͈௺̳ͥ ۯݪࡄ͈۾ܥၑୣහ৪ ͈͈͒൦ ٝ൞̱̈́ ಠ৪͈ਫ਼௺͒۾ܥႲ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ಠ৪͈ષং̤͍͢ȟ ̹͉͘ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪͒࠼ැͬഥ̢̠ͥͥ͛͢ݥ ಠ৪ Ȫ̧́ͦ͊ಠ৪֥ȫ ͅၛા͈୰ྶȂ ܢఞ̯ͦͥ ࣽࢃ͈͏̞̞̩ͥ̾̀͘ͅ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͒ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ උ৪̤͍͢ ٺ৪͒ࠫضȟ ந౾ͬഥ̢ͥ ٝ൞̦ྫ̞ાࣣ͉۾ܥ ͅ 3ſ6 ύ̮͂ͅႲ၁ͬ ̫৾ͤͥȃ ٜࠨॐ̦ྫ̞ ાࣣ͉ༀ࣭͉́ ORIȂ ͉࣭́םGMC ͈̈́̓Ȃ ߸۾൚ޫ͈͒Ⴒ၁ͬ ൦̳ͥ 20 ൎࣂაͅႃၑ࿚ఴ͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ ႕ ȇ ႃၑષ͈ઇ͈ࠧශȟۛ৪͈ ൳փ̹͉͘༗ࢌͅ࠼̳ͥ۾ැȟ ൲ࡑͅ࠼̳ͥ۾ැ औඋ৪ Ȫ̹͉͘༎ਬ৪ȫ ͥ͢ͅȂ ა͈ႃၑͅ࠼̳ͥ۾ැ औඋ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ औْ̳ͬࠗͥকͬഥ̢ͥ ႕ ȇ ႃၑտ֥͈ٛબݶȟ IRB ͈ȟ ͼϋέȜθΡ Ȇ ϋΓϋΠ႒͈ άȜͬͥ͛ݥ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͥ͢ͅ۾Ⴒম͈ࣜރ ྖ௷͈̞̩ٝ൞ ྖ௷͈̞̥̞̈́ٝ൞ȟٝ൞̱̈́ ৫ऻ̱Ȃ औඋͬૺ͛ͥ ಠ৪ͅȂ ڂ൚ΉȜΑ̦ ٜࠨ̳ͥ́͘औඋैު ͬࡉ̵ࣣ̭ͩͥ͂ͬഥ̢ͥ ًͅݲ႕͈̞̈́ႃၑ ࿚ఴ͈ાࣣ͉ COPE ͒ΉȜ Α̳ͬܳͥ൦࣐̠ͬ ಠ৪͈ࡹဥ৪̹͉͈͘۾ܥ ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪͒࠼ැͬഥ̢ͥ ྖ௷͈̞̩ ࠫა̦́ͥ ٝ൞̱̈́ȟྖ௷͈ ̞̥̞̈́ٝ൞ औࠫͬضං̹ͥ͛ͅ ͅ۾ܥ3ſ6 ύ̮͂ͅ Ⴒ၁̫ͬ৾ͤͥ औඋ৪͒ΉȜΑ͈ ࠫͬضഥ̢ͥ ٝ൞̱̈́ȟྖ௷͈ ̞̥̞̈́ٝ൞ ఈ͈͒۾ܥ࿚̵̞ࣣͩͥ Ȫ႕ ȇ ֓ڠഴ۾ܥȂ UKPRIȂ ORIȫ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ 21 ༎ਬࠨ͈͒։݈૭̱ၛ̀ͅచ̳ͥచੜ༹ ২ඤτΫνȜࢃͅ ̦ݵ๛̯ͦͥ ٸ໐͈́औඋࢃ ̦ݵ๛̯ͦͥ ಠ৪͈։݈૭̱ၛ̀ ಠ৪͈։݈૭̱ၛ̀ ஶ̢ͬ͛Ȃ ਜ਼ͬ୰ྶ̳ͥ ஶ̢ͬ͛Ȃ ਜ਼ͬ୰ྶ̳ͥ ٸ໐͒औඋ̤̳̞ͬܐ ̭ͥ͂ͅ൳փ̳ͥ ஶ̢ͬప̫ͥ ಠ৪͈აതͬ൦̱Ȃ ૧̹ ̈́ΟȜΗ̦̹̯ͦރાࣣ͉Ȃ ड͈औඋ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ৾ͥ औඋ৪̦ྭ̳ͥ੩࡞̳ͬͥރ ાࣣ͉ͅȂ ̯ͣ̈́ͥऔඋͬ൦̳ͥ ಠ৪ͅந౾ඤယͬഥ̢ͥ औඋ৪͈ιϋΠͬ ൩̢̀͘ࠨ* ̞̾̀ͅ ൦̱̤̳̈́ ಠ৪ͅࠨඤယ̳ͬͥȃ ̭ͦ ̦डਞࠨ̜́ͥকͬ୰ྶ̳ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ * փএࠨίυΓΑ Ȫ႕ ȇ ༎ਬ տ֥ٛȂ տ֥ٛȫ ͉࣐ۏ ͤ͢ͅ։̈́ͥ 22 ࣐ۏͅచ̱̀ߎૂ̦̯̹ͦાࣣ͈చੜ༹ ࣐ۏ̦ߎૂ̫ͬͥ ߎૂ͈̫වͦͬ͛Ȃ ਜ਼ͬ୰ྶ̳ͥ ༎ਬ৪͉࿚ఴٜࠨȟ৫ऻȟ୰ྶͬރদ͙ͥ ߎૂ̱̹ͬ૽̦చ ؊ͅྖ௷̞̥̞̈́ાࣣ ߎૂ̱̹ͬ૽̦ చ؊ͅྖ௷̳ͥ ༎ਬ৪͉ߎૂ̱̹ͬ૽ͬոͅ *ئત̳ٚͥ ȇ - ๅފٛ - ࣐ۏۯၑտ֥ٛ - ࣐ۏϋήΒζϋ - ༎ਬ৪͈ࡹဥ৪ ഐ୨̈́౬ఘ̦ * ࿚ఴٜࠨͬদ͙ͥ ߎૂ̱̹ͬ૽̦ చ؊ͅະྖ௷ ߎૂ̱̹ͬ૽͉Ȃ COPE ̹͉͘༭ൽߎૂ ੜၑտ֥͈ٛ̈́̓ఈ͈ ౬ఘ͒ΉȜᾼ̱۾࿚ ̵̞ࣣͩͥخෝ̦̜ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ಕ ȇ ߎૂ͒ୃ̱̩ ġġచ؊̳̹ͥ͛ͅȂ ༎ਬ ġġġġ৪͉Ȃ ࣐ۏ̤̫ͥͅ ġġġġģ̦̇൳փ̯ͦȂ ġġġġġġġࠀඤ́৾ͤࠨ̞͛ͣͦ̀ ġġġġġġġġġ͈̜̭ͥ́ͥ͂ͬ͜༗ ġġġġġġġġġġબ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ ߎૂ̱̹ͬ૽̦ చ؊ͅྖ௷̳ͥ COPE ͈ߎૂచ؊༹༷͈ έυȜΙλȜΠ४ચ * ߎૂͅచ؊̳ͥഐ୨̈́ ġġ౬ఘ͉Ȃ ࣐ۏ͈ழఘଷȂ ġ༎ਬ৪͈ࠀͤ͢ͅ։̈́ͥ උ৪̦ๅაͅٳা̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́၌ٺచၛ͈̦̜݃݅ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ උ৪̦ಠ৪͈ٳা̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́ ၌͈ٺచၛͬ༎ਬ৪͒ഥ̢ͥ උ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ औْ̳ͬࠗͥকͬഥ̢ͥ ࣐ۏ͈༷ૻȟ၌͈ٺచၛ͈ ͈݅άȜ̳ͬ͂ͥރ ၛ̾خෝ̦̜ͥ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͒Ⴒ၁ͬ͂ͤ࠼ැͬນྶ̳ͥ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ̦۾Ⴒ ඤယ̳ͬͥރ ಠ৪͉͒ۜ৫͓̦ͬͥ ၂͈ਹఱͬঐഊ̳ͥ ຈါͅ؊̲̀Ȃ చၛ̳ͥ၌͈ٺ ഁୃ̳ͥͅ۾͈ๅ උ৪ࠫͬͅضഥ̢ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ̦၌͈ٺచၛͬ๛̳ͥ ࣐ۏ͈༷ૻȟ၌͈ٺచၛ͈݅ͬྶږ ͅ୰ྶ̱Ȃ ۾Ⴒ̳ͥ၌͈ٺచၛͅ۾ ̳ͥಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͈ྴවͤೊͬව ̳ͥ Ȫমஜͅව̱̞̞̀̈́ાࣣȫ ြ࿚ఴ̳̹ͬٝͥ͛ͅ ȇ ๅͤ͢ஜͅಠ৪̤͍͢औඋ৪ ͤ͢၌͈ٺచၛ̞͈̾̀ͅྴ ව͈ͤྶͬુͅං̭ͥ͂ȃ ࣐ۏ͈༷ૻ͉ͅȂ ຈ̴Ȃ ၌ٺ ͈చၛ̞̾̀ͅྶͅږা̳̭͂ 23 24 औඋ৪̦ൎࣂაͅٳা̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́၌ٺచၛ͈̦̜݃݅ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ औඋ৪̦ಠ৪͈ٳা̯̞̞ͦ̀̈́ ၌͈ٺచၛͬ༎ਬ৪͒ഥ̢ͥ औඋ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ औْ̳ͬࠗͥকͬഥ̢ͥ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͒Ⴒ၁ͬ͂ͤ࠼ැͬນྶ̳ͥ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ̦۾Ⴒ ඤယ̳ͬͥރ ಠ৪͉͒ۜ৫͓̦ͬͥ ၂͈ਹఱͬঐഊ̳ͥ చၛ̳ͥ၌̳ͥ۾ͅٺ ͬຈါͅ؊̲̀ഁୃ̳ͬͥ औඋȟๅैުͬૺ͛ͥ औඋ৪ࠫͬͅضഥ̢ͥ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ြ࿚ఴ̳̹ͬٝͥ͛ͅ ȇ ๅͤ͢ஜͅಠ৪̤͍͢औඋ ৪ͤ͢၌͈ٺచၛ̞͈̾̀ͅྴ ව͈ͤྶͬુͅං̭ͥ͂ Ȫ̹͘ ͉၌͈ٺచၛ̦ྫ̞͂࡞ྶ̳ͥ ાࣣȂ ̷͈ক఼͈ঠͅΙͿΛ· ܱවͬͥ͛ݥȫ ࣐ۏ͈༷ૻ͉ͅȂ ຈ̴Ȃ ၌͈ٺచၛ̞̾̀ͅ ྶͅږা̳̭͂ ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ̦၌͈ٺచၛͬ๛̳ͥ ࣐ۏ͈༷ૻȟ၌͈ٺచၛ͈݅ͬྶͅږ ୰ྶ̱Ȃ ͈̀۾Ⴒ̳ͥ၌͈ٺచၛ̞̾ͅ ͈̀ಠ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͈ྴවͤྶͬව̳ͥ ΌȜΑΠಠ৪Ȃ ྴနಠ৪Ȃ ௭ဓಠ৪൝Ȃ ࡔಠ৪͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చ؊ Ȫȶࡔಠ৪͈་ࢵȷ ̞͈̾̀ͅέυȜΙλȜΠ͜४ચȃ ̭͈̠̈́͢ါ͉ݥΌȜΑΠಠ৪̹͉͘ྴနಠ৪͈ంहͬা̳خෝ̦̜ͥȫ * ಕ ȇ ड࣐͂ͥͅ൲͉ ġ࣐ۏ͈ಠ৪ȟ࣓ࡃ৪ ġġૂ༭ͬਓਬ̳ͥુ͈ ġġ༹༷ͥ͢ͅ ৫ৃ໐̤͍͢ࡔಠ৪૭࣬ Ȫ̯̞ͦ̀ͥાࣣȫ ͬࡉೄ̳ ̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ * ࣐ۏ͈ࡔಠ৪͈ ** ૻ༷͈̞̀̾ͅڒάȜͬႲ၁ ൚͈ಠ৪͒ͤȂ ಠै৪͉ಠै৪̱͈͂̀ૄͬ ྖ̹̱Ȃ ಠ৪ྴ̥ͣჃ̞ͦ̀ͥ૽̦̞̞̭͓̈́͂ͬ ͈ͥͬ ͥ͛ݥȪমஜͅව̱̞̞̀̈́ાࣣȫ ̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ * ࡢ૽͈࣓ࡃඤယͅૂ̳ͥ۾༭ Ȫ̹͉͘મळȫ ͬါ*** ̳ͥݥ ࡔಠ৪͈̦ࠧڬ၂̱̞̀ͥ Ȫ႕ ȇ ࣓ࡃ৪ςΑΠͅΟȜΗ ଢ଼৪̹͉͘ࡔմͅࠈ̹ͩ̽ ૽̦̞̞̈́̀ͦ͘܄ȫ ࠇशಠ৪̦ࡔಠ৪ ܖͬྖ̹̯̞̈́ ** ಕ ȇ ࣐ۏ͈ঐাͅȂ ࡔಠ৪͈̹͈͛ ġġġġྶͼ΄̈́ږΘϋΑȟܖͬେࣺ͚ͤ͂Ȃ ġġ̭͈̠̈́͢࿚ఴͅ۰ౙͅచ؊̧́ͥ *** ಕ ȇ Marusic ঙ൝͉Ȃ ̭͈̠̈́͢ΟȜΗ͈ਓਬ ġġ༹༷͉ Ȫ႕ ȇ ুဇ఼ܱ̹͉͘ঠͬΙͿΛ·̳ͥ ġġġġ༹༷ȫ ٝ൞ͅخ̳ͥޣגෝ̦̜͓̞ͥ͂̀ͥȃ ġġġġġġಠ৪ͅু͈࣓ࡃͬুဇ͓̠̭̀ͣ͂́͜ͅȂ ̷̤ ġġġġġġġġġ̩ͣड͜ှ̧́४ࣉ͂̈́ͥૂ༭̦ං̱̞ͣͦͥ͂̀ͥȃ ಠ৪ςΑΠ̳ͥͅ۾ ྖ௷͈̞̩୰ྶ ྴနಠ৪Ȃ ௭ဓಠ৪̦ ྶ̳ͥ ȶΌȜΑΠȷ ಠ৪̦ ྶ̳ͥ ࠧ၂̱̞̀ͥಠ৪ ͬςΑΠ̢̠ͥ͢ͅح ͥ͛ۑ ४ࣉࡃ Marusic A, Bates T, Anic A et al. How the structure of contribution disclosure statement affects validity of authorship: a randomized study in a general medical journal. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:1035–44 ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ྴနಠ৪Ȃ ௭ဓಠ৪ͬ ॉੰȟ৫ৃ໐͒ ֊൲̳̭ͥ͂ͬͥ͛ۑ ࡔಠ৪་ࢵ͈൳փ Ȫ࿂̀ͅȫ ͬಠ৪ ͤ͢ංͥȃ τΗȜ͉࣐ͅۏ͈ࡔಠ৪ ૻ༷͈̞̀̾ͅڒȂ ̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘ນ ̯̞ͦ̀ͥܖ͈४ચ Ȫ႕ ȇ ICMJEȫ ͈ ܱȂ ̭̦̞̞ͦͣͣͦ̀̈́ ̭͂ͅచ̳ͥ࠼ැȟབͬນ࡛̱̫̈́ ̞ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́୶ಠ৪ͅచ̱͉̀Ȃ ̭͈τΗȜ͈ৢ̷̱͈ͬڠ໐ಿȟ ࡄۯݪၑୣහ৪͈͒ັͬ൦ ݃ැ̦ॼͥȟ મळ̈́ ૂ༭̦ຈါ ಠ৪ͅႲ၁ͬ ͂ͥ ȪGoogle ́ Ⴒ၁৪͓ͬȂ ̷̸͈ͦͦ ڬȂ જ̥ͦ ̞̀ͥಠ৪̦ ̞̞̥̈́Ȃ ࡔಠ৪̳ͥͅ۾ ࠼ැ̦̞̥̈́ ̠̥̓ͬଂ͇ͥȫ औඋȟๅͬૺ͛ͥ ྶ̈́ږঐ൵ͬږ̱ͅȂ ြ͈࿚ఴͬཡ̪̹͛ͅȂ ࣓ࡃ৪ͅచ̳࣐ͥۏ ঐা̤͍͢ έȜθͬࡉೄ̳ 25 26 औඋ৪̦ಠ৪͈ே̤͍͢ΟȜΗͬൔဥ̱̹̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣ͈చੜ༹ ಠ৪̦औඋ৪͈ະୃ࣐ևͬ૭̱ၛ̀ͥ ಕ ȇ औඋ৪ঐা ͉ͅȂ ൎࣂै͉ྟܥ ȁȁե̞́Ȃ ๅ̞́͘ ȁȁḁ༹༷̏̈́ͥ́͜၌ဥ̱ ȁȁȁȁ͉̞̀̈́ͣ̈́ক ȁȁȁȁȁ̦͓̫ͣͦ̈́ͦ ȁȁȁȁȁȁ̞͊̈́ͣ̈́ ಠ৪ۜͅ৫͓ͬȂ औ࣐̠ͬকͬഥ̢ͥ ࣐ۏ́έͼ ȁσ̦͉͜͞ව̧́ ȁȁ̞̈́ાࣣ͉Ȃ ಠ৪ ȁȁȁȁͅάȜͬါ̳ͥݥ έͼσ͈ٝਓ Ȫࡔࣂ̤͍͢औඋაȫ ٳऔඋ Ȫऔඋ৪ ͈ૂ༭̦ಠ৪͒ٳা̯ͦͥȫ ඁྴऔඋ Ȫऔඋ৪ྴ̦ ಠ৪ͅྶ̥̯̞ͦ̈́ȫ ಠ৪̦࣐ۏ͈ა͈ औඋ̤̞̱̞ͬ̈́̀ܐ ̞૽ͬ࣬อ̳ͥ ಠ৪̦ष͈औඋ৪ ͬະୃ࣐և́ஶ̢ͥ ಠ৪Ȃ ̷͈ఈ̥ͣြͥ ࡠͤ႒બͬݶਬ͛ͥȃ ႕ ȇ ๅ *Ȃ ါȂ ηȜΞͻϋΈτεȜΠȂ ΑρͼΡ͈άȜȂ ੩଼߄͈૭ȃ ౯̳ͥ́͘औඋ৪͉ͅႲ၁̞̭ͬ͂ͣ̈́͂ ष͈औඋ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͅႲ၁ͬ৾ͤȂ ૭̱ၛ̞̀̾̀ͅ୰ྶ̱Ȃ აऔඋͬఈ͈૽ ̴̢̤̭ͬ̀̈́ͩȂ ু࣐̹̥̠̥̳́̽̓ͬͥږ બ̜̦͂ͥݶஶ̢ͥ ಠ৪͈͂ დ̱ࣣ̞ȟ ࢵ̈́ͥ બͬݶ ͥ͛ݥ औඋ৪ͅ࿂ ̀ͅ࠼ැͬা̱ ୰ྶͬါ̳ͥݥ ྖ௷͈̞̩୰ྶ ̦ංͣͦͥ औඋ৪͈ࠩฒ ̦બྶ̯ͦͥ * ಕ ȇ ಠ৪̦ๅაͬ อນ̱̹ાࣣȂ ̭͉ͦ ൔै̱͂̀եͩͦͥ Ȫൔै͈ έυȜΙλȜΠ४ચȫ ๅႃၑտ֥͈̹͈ٛ͛٨ୃ χͼςȜ Ȇ ήρΛ·;Ϳσ © 2008 ා ๅႃၑտ֥ٛ ಠ৪ͅેͬޙ୰ྶ̳ͥ Ȫष͈औඋ৪ Ȫͣȫ ͈ ঙྴͬྶ̥̳̥̠̥͈ͣͥ̓ͅ ࠨ ȇ ༎ਬ৪ষల̜́ͥȃ ̹̺̱Ȃ ࣐ۏ̦ඁྴ͈ औඋ༹༷ͬनဥ̱̞̀ͥાࣣȂ औඋ৪͈ࡓ̷͈ͬಠ৪ͅ ٳা̳ͥஜͅȂ ̷͈औඋ৪͈ ͬخݺං̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȫ ٝ൞̱̈́ȟ ྖ௷͈̞̥ ̞̈́୰ྶ औඋ৪͈ਫ਼௺͒۾ܥ Ⴒ၁̱̀औ̤̳̞ͬͥܐ औඋ৪͈ ऻ̦ږ ಠ৪͂დ̱ࣣ̠ ٝ൞̦ྫ̞ ાࣣȂ ͅ۾ܥ 3–6 ύ̮͂ͅ Ⴒ၁ͬ͂ͥ ಕփ ȇ औඋݵ ȁ๛࣐̹ͬ̽૽ͬ ȁȁདྷ̞̭ͦ̈́͂ ඳ̯ͦͥ૽͂ঐྴ ̯̹ͦऔඋ৪͈߸۾ ͬΙͿΛ·̳ͥȃ ႕ ȇ ൳ڠ໐Ȃ ࡢ૽എ̈́߸۾ બࡉͬݶೄ̱ Ȫ̹͉͘ഐහ૽ ͅࡉೄ̱̤̳̞ͬͥܐȫȂ ಠ৪͈૭̱ၛ ͉̀ম̳ͥͅږ̥̠̥͈̹̞ͬ̓̿͜ܖ બݶະ ಕ ȇ ఼ঠ͉͈̠̓͢ ȁ̈́औඋΏΑΞθ̦၌ဥ ȁȁ̯̹̥ͦͥ͢ͅ ಠ৪ͅ ૺജͬಈষ ༭̳࣬ͥ औಎͅऔඋ৪͈ ྴஜͬऔඋΟȜΗ αȜΑ̥͈ͣ ॉੰͬ൦̱Ȃ औඋ৪ͅੜ౾ͬഥ̢ͥ औඋ৪ͬΟȜΗαȜΑ ̥ͣྍક̱Ȃ ڂ൚ΉȜ Α࣐ͬۏ́τ εȜΠ̳̭ͥ͂ͬ൦ ႃၑ༷ૻΞϋίτȜΠ ൎࣂܰ͞ϋρͼϋൎࣂΏΑΞθͬͺΛίΟȜΠ̳̹͈ͥ͛༞੩ၳ ̭͈ΞϋίτȜΠ͉Ȃ ༎ਬ৪̦Ȃ ൎࣂܰ͞ϋρͼϋൎࣂΏΑΞθͅȂ ඤယ͞ܥෝ̞̹̱ͬحાࣣͅ၌ဥ̧͈̜́ͥ́ͥ͜ȃ ༎ਬ৪͉ͺͼΞθ֚။ ఼̧̥̳̭̦ͣͥ͂́ͥȃ ̭̭̬ͥͦͣͅݷͺͼΞθ͉ ȶๅႃၑ͈डၻக΄ͼΡρͼϋ ȇ ๅ৪͈ণതȷ [1] ̀ͅٽ୰̯̞͈̜ͦ̀ͥ́ͥ͜ȃ 1. Graf C, Wager E, Bowman A et al. Int J Clin Pract 2007; 61 (s152):1–26. ୶মࣜմ͉́া̳ ΠάΛ· ߄ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح୰ྶນ࡛ મळ୰ྶ ಠ৪ͅոͿ;͈ئήͼΠ́Ȃ મळ̈́ૂ༭ͬං̠ͥ͢௯̳ www.blackwellpublishing.com/publicationethics ϋρͼϋൎࣂΏΑΞθ͉́Ȃ δΛ·Α͈ΙͿΛ·Ȃ ͉̞ȟ̢̞̞͈ٝ൞Ȃ ̤͍͢ȟ̹͉͘Ȃ ഐܽুဇܱ၇ͬ୭̫̀Ȃ ୰ྶນ࡛ͬ۰ၞا ಠ৪͉Ȃ ̷͈͍̤͢ݪࡄ͈ুڎๅȂ ̹͉͘ࡄݪๅ́ ͉̞̈́ાࣣ͉͈ুڎๅ͈࡙͒ͬٳা̱̫̈́ͦ͊ ̞̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ൚ࡄ̷͈͍̤͢ݪๅ͉ Ȫࡄݪๅ͉̞́̈́ાࣣ͉Ȃ ̷̸͈ͦͦๅȫ ͈̠̓͢ͅ߄ͬං࣐̞͈̥̀ͩͦ̀ͥȉ Ȫڂ൚̳ͥાࣣ͉خ๔ͬഞ̢̀ ৪ͬςΑΠͺΛί̳ͥȫ [ ুဇܱ ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح ΑεϋȜ ͈ڬ ಠ৪͉Ȃ ๅ͈ͥ̈́͂ܖ͈̀ΟȜῌۖͅͺ·ΓΑ̱̹ ̥̠̥̓ͬ୰ྶ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ಠ৪͉Ȃ ڂ൚͈ๅ͈ݪࡄͥ̈́͂ܖΟȜῌ͒ۖͺ·ΓἈ̱̹̥̠̥ͬ୰ ྶ̳ͥȃ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح ΨȜτΗȜͥ͛ͅݥ̠ͥ͛͢܄ ၌͈ٺచၛ ࡄݪΟΎͼϋȂ ΟȜΗਓਬȂ ΟȜΗଢ଼Ȃ აȂ ๅࠨ ̤̫ͥͅ৪͈۾ဓ͉Ȃ ྶͅږ୰ྶ̯̫̞ͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح ಠ৪͉Ȃ ۾Ⴒ̳ࣣͥއ၌ ףȪ߄࿂̤͍͢ࡢ૽࿂͈ၰ༷ȫ ͬྶ̥̱̫̞ͣ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ͅȃ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح ಠ৪͉Ȃ ͈ুڎๅ̥ͣ၌ͬף̫ͥخෝܑ͈̜ͥުȂ ߄͈۾ܥഎ၌͈ףમळͬ Ȫ႕ ȇ ࡹဥȂ ఉڼ͈ڣਫ਼ခȂ අࡀݺȂ ϋσΗϋΠȂ ࡄݪȫ ̳͓̫̱̀̈́͊ͦ̈́ރ ̞ͣ̈́ȃ ಠ৪͈ಎͅȂ ڂ൚͈ๅ̥ͣͬ၌ͬף̫ͥخෝܑ͈̜ͥުȂ ̞̤̀ͅ۾ܥȂ ߄ષ͈၌ ףȪ႕ ȇ ࡹဥȂ ఉڼ͈ڣਫ਼ခȂ අࡀݺȂ ϋσΗϋΠȂ ࡄݪ ȫ ̫ͬͥ૽̦̞̥ͥȉ ΨȜτΗȜͥ͛ͅݥ̠ͥ͛͢܄ [ ͉̞ȟ̢̞̞ ] ͉̞͂ٝ൞̱̹ાࣣȂ મळ͓ͬ͢ *ȃ • ༀΡσȟξȜυȟםεϋΡ಼̢ͬͥڼਫ਼ခࡀ *ȁ[ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] • ً ݲ3 ාͅۼༀΡσȟξȜυȟםεϋΡ * ಼̢ͬͥࡄݪ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ·] • ً ݲ3 ාͅۼༀΡσȟξȜυȟםεϋΡ * ಼̢ͬͥϋσΗϋΠ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] • ً ݲ3 ාͅۼༀΡσȟξȜυȟםεϋΡ * ಼̢݈͈ͬͥٛ͒ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] • ஜාഽ͈ਓව͈ % ಼̢ͬͥਓව̷̹͉ͦ͘ͅ൚̳͈ͥ͜ * [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] մܖͤ͢೩̞ਓව̹͉͘Ȃ ๅͅ۾Ⴒ̳ͥ͂ࣉ்̢͈ͣͦͥܢਓව͜༭࣬ ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ [* ࣐ۏ͉Ȃ ٳাͅഐ୨̈́ܖ̹͉͘ୣྩ̫̞ͬ͛̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ႕ ȇ ༀΡσ 10,000 ྚྖ ; ༀΡσ 10,000 ಼̤͍͢ഐ୨̈́ٳাশܢΑΉȜσ ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح ಠ৪֥͉Ȃ උ৪̹͉͘༎ਬ৪̦Ȃ ̷͈ๅͅ۾Ⴒ̳ͥ͂ ࣉ̢ංࣣͥއ၌خ͈ףෝ͈મळ̫̱̀ͬͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ރ ̞̈́ȃ Ȫ႕ ȇ ଽহȟਕ͈ޗਫ਼௺ȫ ಠ৪͈ಎͅȂ උ৪̹͉͘༎ਬ৪̷̦͈ๅͅ۾Ⴒ̳ͥ͂ࣉ̢ංࣣͥއ၌ͬף ංͥ૽̦̞̥ͥ Ȫ႕ ȇ ଽহȟਕ͈ޗਫ਼௺ȫ [ ͉̞ȟ̢̞̞ ] ȶ͉̞ȷ ͂ٝ൞̱̹ાࣣȂ ୰ྶ̵͢ȃ [ ুဇܱ ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح ႃၑ༷ૻΞϋίτȜΠ Ȫ̧ȫ ୶ম͈ࣜմ͉́া̳ ΠάΛ· ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح୰ྶນ࡛ મळ୰ྶ ࡔಠ৪ ࡔಠ৪͈ဥഽນা͉ո ͥ͢ͅئȇ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح • ࡄْࠗݪȂ ΟȜΗ͈ਓਬȂ ଢ଼̹͉ٜ͘৷͈͒ఉఱ̈́ ࣓ࡃ ΨȜτΗȜͥ͛ͅݥ̠ͥ͛͢܄ • აͬئ̧̹͉͘ਘୃͬഎ࣐̞̽̀ͥͅ • ൎࣂࡔࣂ̤͍͢डਞๅ͈ઇ ಠ৪͉ 3 ͈̾ܖͬ·ςͺ̱̞̫̞̀̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ಠ৪͉Ȃ ࠇशಠ৪̦̭͈ͦͣܖͬྖ̹̱Ȃ ࡔಠ৪̱͂̀ ഐහ͈૽̦જ̥̞̞̞̠ͦ̀̈́͂ক͓̹ͬྶͬރ ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࠇशಠ৪͈̦̀ఉఱ࣓̈́ࡃͬ ̳ͥ࡞̭̹̱ͬ͂ރȇ • ࡄْࠗݪȂ ΟȜΗ͈ਓਬȂ ଢ଼̹͉ٜ͘৷ • აͬئ̧̹͉͘ਘୃͬഎ࣐̠ͅ • ಠ৪̦ൎࣂࡔࣂͅॷ൳̱̞̀ͥ ِș͉̹͘Ȃ ࡔಠ৪̱͂̀ഐහ͈૽̦ࠇशಠ৪ςΑΠ̥ͣજ̥̞̞ͦ̀̈́͂ ࡞̳ͥȃ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] ΨȜτΗȜͥ͛ͅݥ̠ͥ͛͢܄ ࣐ۏ̦ࡔಠ৪ྶͬनဥ̳ͥાࣣȂ ڎಠ৪̦ྴ̱ͬ ̹ࡔಠ৪ྶ͈άȜ࣐ͬۏέͻΑ͒ဍ̫́ͣ̈́ͦ ̞͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ Ⴒ၁൚͈ಠ৪͉Ȃ ୣහͬ̽̀ಠ৪֥͂Ⴒ၁ͬ͂ͤๅ ̫̹࢜ͅडਞๅ͈͒ઇͬං̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ Ⴒ၁൚͈ಠ৪͉Ȃ ಠ৪֥͂Ⴒ၁ͬ͂ͤȂ ๅ̫̹࢜ͅडਞๅ͈͒ઇͬං ̭ͥ͂ͅ൳փ̳ͥȃ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ࣓ࡃ৪͈ ڬ ಠ৪͉ࡄ̷͈͍̤͢ݪๅ͈͒ࡃ࣓ڎ৪̞͈̾̀ͅౣ̞୰ ྶ̱̫̞ͬ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࡃ࣓ڎ৪͈ࡄ̷͈͍̤͢ݪๅ͈࣓͒ࡃ̞̾̀ͅ۰ࠩͅ୰ྶ Ȫ႕ȇࡄْࠗݪȂ ΟȜΗଢ଼Ȃ აմȫȃ [ ুဇܱ ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ಠ৪͉ಠ৪̱͈͂̀ܖͬྖ̹̱͉̞̞̦̀̈́ࡄܙͅݪဓ̱̹ ૽̫̞ͬ͛̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ಠ৪͉̫̹׳੩͉̫̞̀͛̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ Ȫ႕ ȇ ຊ׳ ੩ރȂ ࡃౝ̱Ȃ ΟȜΗଢ଼Ȃ ۯၑεȜΠȂ ၳރȫȃ ׳੩͈̦̜͒ͥાࣣȂ ̷͈ক͓ͬఈ͈ૂ༭͘ͅ܄ ̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȟ׳੩͈̠̦̤̭̹͈̥̓̈́̈́ͩͦ͢ͅ ͬ୰ྶ̱Ȃ ఈ͈ૂ༭̞̫̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́͘ͅ܄ȃ ൚ࡄ̷͈͉̹͘ݪๅ͉Ȃ ߄ո࡛͉̹͘ٸ͈࣐̹͈̥ͤͩͦ͢͜ͅȉ Ȫ႕ ȇ ຊ׳੩ރȂ ࡃౝ̱Ȃ ΟȜΗଢ଼Ȃ ۯၑεȜΠȂ ၳރȫȃ [ ͉̞ȟ̢̞̞ ] ȶ͉̞ȷ ͂ٝ൞͈ાࣣȂ મळ͓ͬ͢ȃ [ ুဇܱ ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ৫ৃͅවͦͣͦͥ૽̥̀ͣ࿂ͥ͢ͅઇͬව̱̫̈́ͦ ̞͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ৫ৃͅවͦͣͦͥ૽̥̀ͣ࿂ͥ͢ͅઇͬව̱̞̀ͥȃ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ୶ম͈ࣜմ͉́া̳ ΠάΛ· ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح୰ྶນ࡛ મळ୰ྶ ਫ਼ခࡀ ಠ৪͉Ȃ ൎࣂै̦ু͈͈̜́ͤ͜Ȃ ̷͈ๅͥ͢ͅಠै ࡀ͈֑࣐և̦̞̭̈́͂ͬ࡞̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ জȟِș͉Ȃ ൎࣂै̦ুȟِș͈͈̜́ͤ͜Ȃ ̷͈ๅͥ͢ͅಠैࡀ͈֑ ࣐և̦̞̭̈́͂ͬ࡞̳ͥȃ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] ಠ৪͉Ȃ ఈ͈ಠैࡀਫ਼ခๅ̥ͣໝୋ̳ͥளऺͅخݺ̱۾ ͈ৢ̱ͬ ̞̫̱̈́ͣ̈́͊ͦ̈́ރȪ႕ ȇ ນȫȃ ఈ͈ಠैࡀਫ਼ခๅ̥ͣໝୋ̱̹ளऺ Ȫ႕ ȇ ນȫ ̱ͅ۾Ȃ خݺ͈ ৢ̱ͬဍ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ [ ͉̞ȟڂ൚̱̈́ ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح ಕ ȇ ̭͈࡞͉·Α·σȜΏή Ȇ ρͼΓϋΑ Ȇ έȜθȂ ϋρͼϋ Ȇ Ȝίϋ Ȇ έȜθȂ ಠैࡀঐাέȜθ (Exclusive Licence Form, the OnlineOpen Form, and the Copyright Assignment Form) ඤ́͜ঀဥ̯̞͈̜ͦ̀ͥ́ͥ͜ ඊু ಠ৪͉ൎࣂै͈̦ոஜͅๅ̴̯̤ͦ̀ͣȂ ఈ͈́ ๅ͈൦̦ྫ̞কͬ࡞̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ জȟِș͉ൎࣂै͈̦ոஜͅๅ̴̯̤ͦ̀ͣȂ ఈ͈́ๅ͈൦̦ ྫ̞͂࡞̳ͥȃ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح ΨȜτΗȜͥ͛ͅݥ̠ͥ͛͢܄ ಕ ȇ ̭͈࡞͉·Α·σȜΏή Ȇ ρͼΓϋΑ Ȇ έȜθȂ ϋρͼϋ Ȇ Ȝίϋ Ȇ έȜθȂ ಠैࡀঐাέȜθ (Exclusive Licence Form, the OnlineOpen Form, and the Copyright Assignment Form) ඤ́͜ঀဥ̯̞͈̜ͦ̀ͥ́ͥ͜ ါ͈ๅ̤͍͢ڠش݈͈ٛ́อນ͉Ȃ ๅͬஷ͚͈͜ ͉̞́̈́ȃ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ႉࡑ͉ഴ̱Ȃ ๅ͉ࡑഴ͈ഴ๔̤͍͢ྴ ஜͬࠇश̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ႉࡑඤယ ȇ • ࡑഴ๔ [ ুဇܱ ] • ႉࡑྴ [ ুဇܱ ] ૂ༭̦ං̞ͣͦ̈́ાࣣ͉ͅȂ ୰ྶ͓ͬ͢ȃ [ ুဇܱ ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ಠ৪͉Ȃ ڂ൚͈ΟȜΗ͈ठๅ Ȫ႕ ȇ ඵষଢ଼ཱུ̹͉͘ȫ ̦Ȃ ਹໝๅ̴̈́ͣͅȂ ಠैࡀ֑̭̩͂̈́ͥ͂̈́Ȃ ̷͈ς ΐσ͈ๅྴܱͬश̳ͥ͂࡞̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ জȟِș͉Ȃ ڂ൚͈ΟȜΗ͈ठๅ Ȫ႕ ȇ ඵষଢ଼ཱུ̹͉͘ȫ ̦Ȃ ਹໝ ๅ̴̈́ͣͅȂ ಠैࡀ֑̭̩͂̈́ͥ͂̈́Ȃ ̷͈ςΐσ͈ๅྴܱͬश̳ͥ͂ ࡞̳ͥȃ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ႃၑ༷ૻΞϋίτȜΠ Ȫ̧ȫ ୶ম͈ࣜմ͉́া̳ ΠάΛ· ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح୰ྶນ࡛ મळ୰ྶ ႃၑષ͈ έτȜθ χȜ·ȟࡄݪ ࡑ৪͈ ༗ࢌ ಠ৪͉ո̬ͥݷͅئႃၑȟࡄܖݪ͈ਜ਼̦ͥͦͣ͛ݥ Ȫࡄݪͤ͢ͅഐ̳͈ͥͬ͜ςΑΠͺΛί̳ͥȃ ႕ ȇ ଲ֓ٮ ٛΰσΏϋ΅࡞Ȃ ႉদࡑঔͅܖ̳ͥ۾ȫȃ ൚ࡄ͉ݪȂ ** ̲࣐̹̀ͩͦͅȃ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] Ȫ** ςΑΠ͉ࡄݪͅഐ̱̹͈͜ȃ ႕ ȇ ଲ֓ٮٛΰσΏϋ΅࡞Ȃ ႉদࡑ ঔͅܖ̳ͥ۾ȫȃ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ૽͈ۼ४ح৪̦߸ͥদࡑܱͬश̳ͥაࡔࣂ͈ಠ৪͉Ȃ ഐ ୨̈́൳փ̦ං̹̭ͣͦ͂ͬ༗બ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ࡄݪ४ح৪ͤ͢Ȃ ഐ୨̈́൳փ̦ං̹ͣͦȃ [ ͉̞ȟ̢̞̞ȟڂ൚̱̈́ ] ȶ̢̞̞ȷ ͂൞̢̹૽͉Ȃ ୰ྶ̱̩̺̯̞̀ȃ [ ুဇܱ ] ൎࣂܰͅ ̢ͥحȃ ΨȜτΗȜͥ͛ͅݥ̠ͥ͛͢܄ȃ ๅͤ͢Ȃ ࡢ૽͈ࡓ̦ྶ̱̠ͥાࣣ͉ͅ Ȫ႕ ȇ ֓ڠȂ ၑڠȂ ๆऻΉȜΑȂ ْ௨ͤ͢ȫȂ ಠ৪͉ڂ൚͈ࡢ૽̥ͣྶ ̈́ږ൳փͬංͥȂ ̤͍͢ȟ̹͉̭͈࣐͘ͅۏ̳ͥ۾͈΄ͼ Ρρͼϋͬਜ਼̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ൚ๅͥͦ͘ͅ܄ΟȜΗȂ ْ௨̥ͣࡓ̦ྶ̱ංͥࡢ૽̥͈ͣๅ͈൳փ ͬං̞̀ͥ Ȫঘཌ̱̞̀ͥાࣣ͉ز͈ၭઇȫȃ [ ͉̞ȟ̢̞̞ȟڂ൚̱̈́ ] ̢̞̞͂൞̢̹૽͉Ȃ ୰ྶ̵͢ȃ [ ুဇܱ ] ൎࣂܰͅ ̢ͥحȃ ΨȜτΗȜͥ͛ͅݥ̠ͥ͛͢܄ȃ ൲͈ࡑ̞ܱ̾̀ͅश̱̜̀ͥაࡔࣂ͈ಠ৪͉Ȃ ൲͒ ͈͙̤͍͢ະ١̦डࡠͅၣ̠͛ͣͦͥ͢ഐ୨̈́ੜ౾̦͂ͣ ̹̭ͦ͂ͬ༗બ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ জȟِș̦൚ࡄ̹࣐̽́ݪ൲͈ࡑ̤̞̀ͅȂ ൲͈͙̤͍͒͢ະ١̦ डࡠͅၣ̠͛ͣͦͥ͢ഐ୨̈́ੜ౾̦̹̭͂ͣͦ͂ͬ࡞̳ͥȃ [ δΛ·ΑͬΙͿΛ· ] ൎࣂܰͅ ̢ͥحȃ ΨȜτΗȜͥ͛ͅݥ̠ͥ͛͢܄ȃ औඋΏΑΞθ ࣐ۏ͈ๅ͉ܰͅȂ नဥ̯ͦͥऔඋίυΓᾼ̞̾̀ ൎࣂܰͅ ̢ͥحȃ ͓̞̫̞ͣͦ̀̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ Ȫ႕ ȇ औඋ৪͈ྴஜͬນ̱̈́ ̞औඋȂ औඋ৪͈ྴஜͬນ̳ͥऔඋȂ ໝତ͈औඋ৪ͥ͢ͅ औඋȫȃ ࣐ۏ͈ๅ͉ܰͅȂ Γ·Ώοῧ̮͈औඋίυΓΑ͈֑ ͈୰ྶͬࠇश̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ Ȫ႕ ȇ τΗȜ̹͉͘ა୰͉औ උ͈చય̥̈́ͥͅȫȃ ൎࣂܰͅ ̢ͥحȃ ࣐ۏ͈ๅ͉ܰ́Ȃ ༞௷͞ఈ͈࿒Ȃ අ̭̦ͦͣͅ ુ͈࣐ۏͅঀ̹͈ͩͦ͂͜։̈́ͥાࣣ͈औඋίυΓᾼ̾ ̞̀୰ྶ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ൎࣂܰͅ ̢ͥحȃ ࣐ۏ́औඋ̦࣐̞̞ͩͦ̀̈́Γ·Ώοϋ Ȫ႕ ȇ ບȫ ͉Ȃ ྶ̥̯̫̞ͣͦ̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ͅȃ ൎࣂܰͅ ̢ͥحȃ ࣐ۏ͈ๅ͉ܰȂ ಠ৪̦͈̠̓͢ͅ༎ਬࠨͅ։݈૭̱ ၛ̧࣐̠̭̦̥̀ͬ͂́ͥȂ ࣐ۏ̫̹࢜ͣͦͅߎૂ̦͈̓͢ ̠ͅե͈̥ͩͦͥͬ୰ྶ̱̫̞̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́ȃ ൎࣂܰͅ ̢ͥحȃ ୶ম͈ࣜմ͉́া̳ ΠάΛ· ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅح୰ྶນ࡛ મळ୰ྶ ࡄ͍̤͢ݪ ๅ͈ະୃ ࣐և ࣐ۏ͈ๅ͉ܰͅȂ ࡄ͍̤͢ݪๅͅະୃ࣐և͈݃݅ ̦̜ͥાࣣȂ ̷͈చ؊ॐ࣐ͅۏ̱̀۾͈༷ૻ̱̤ͬܰ̀ ̩͈̳͂ͥ͜ȃ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ࣐ۏๅ͉ܰͅȂ ಠ৪̦ࡄ͍̤͢ݪๅ͈ະୃ࣐ևͬ ๆ̱̞̀ͥ͂ྶ̱̹ાࣣ͂ͥͅచ؊ਜ਼̱̤̩͈ͬܰ̀͂͜ ̳ͥȃ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ̭͈࣐ۏ͉Ȃ COPE Ȫๅႃၑտ֥ٛȫ ͈΄ͼΡρͼϋͬ ̱Ȃ ࡄ͍̤͢ݪๅͅະୃ࣐և͈̦̜݃݅ͥાࣣȂ ̷͈ΉȜ Α͈ٜྶ࣐̠ͬ Ȫ႕ ȇ ٨̰ͭȂ ᒐ௮Ȃ ൔैȂ ະഐ୨ْ̈́௨ ௌैȂ ਹໝๅȫȃ ̭͈ાࣣȂ ࣐ۏ͉ COPE έυȜΙλȜΠ (http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/publicationethics/) ͅ ̱̞ܰ̀ͥίυΓᾼਲ̠ȃ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ࣐ۏ͈༷ૻ͉ͅȂ ಠ৪ Ȫ̤͍͢උ৪ȫ ̦ๅඤͅࢋͤͬ อࡉ̱̹ાࣣȂ ̹͉͘ๅ͈ୃ൚ͅ࠼ැ͈ၑဇ̦̜ͥા ࣣȂ ༎ਬ৪̷͈ͅক̳̠ͥ͢Ȃ ̫̞͛ͣͦ̈́ͦ͊ͣ̈́ͣȃ ൎࣂ̢ܰͥͅحȃ ୃࢋນȂ കٝȂ ࠼ැ͈ ນྶ 32 ικ * ४ࣉࡃ 1. 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