Longitudinal variation of expected highest plasma density in

1
Kedkanok Sitarachu
Dr. Suwicha Wannawichian
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Jupiter in our Solar system
3
Structure of Jupiter’s Magnetic Field
4
Galilean moons
Io
Ganymede
Europa
Calisto
5
Io’s Geological Properties
6
Planetary Magnetic field
and Magnetic footprint
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𝑑𝑣
𝑣
𝐹 =π‘ž 𝐸+ ×𝐡 =π‘š
𝑑𝑑
𝑐
𝑑𝑣π‘₯
π‘žB𝑣𝑦 = m
𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑣𝑦
π‘žπ΅π‘£π‘₯ = m
𝑑𝑑
𝑑2 𝑣𝑦 (π‘žπ΅)2
𝑑𝑣π‘₯
π‘žπ΅
=m 2 =
𝑣𝑦
𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑
π‘š
𝑑2
( 2
𝑑𝑑
βˆ’
π‘žπ΅ 2
)𝑣𝑦
π‘š
=0
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plasma’s thermal energy : 5 eV
1
Kinetic energy : π‘šπ‘£ 2
1
1
2
2
π‘šπ‘£ = π‘š(π‘£π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘
2
2
2
vpar decrease
2 )
+ π‘£π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿ
vperp increase
vpar increase
vperp decrease
Adiabatic invariant :
2
π‘šπ‘£π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘
πœ‡=
2𝐡
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Jupiter’s Magnetic field structure
B increase
vperp increase
vpar decrease
B decrease
vperp decrease
vpar increase
http://www.planetaryexploration.net
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B decrease
Adiabatic invariant :
2
π‘šπ‘£π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘
πœ‡=
2𝐡
vpar decrease
vpar increase
vperp increase
vperp decrease
B increase
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B
vpar
decrease
vperp increase
vperp decrease
𝛼0
vpar
increase
B0
Magnetic moment is
conserved :
π‘šπ‘£ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼0
2𝐡0
=
π‘šπ‘£ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 90°
2𝐡
𝛼0 = π‘ π‘–π‘›βˆ’1 (
𝐡0
𝐡
)
If 𝛼 < 𝛼0 , the particles can
pass through Jupiter’s
Ionosphere and result
magnetic footprint.
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UV imaging by HST/STIS
Main oval
Io’s magnetic footprint
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𝑃 = π‘‰πΌπ‘œ π½πΌπ‘œ
Power of emission
P = (2π‘…πΌπ‘œ 𝐸0 )(2π‘…πΌπ‘œ 𝐸0 )(
𝑃 ∝ 𝐡𝐼𝑂 𝜌
π‘ƒβˆ
𝜌
2 )
πœ‡0 π΅πΌπ‘œ
Jupiter plasma equator
𝜌
Io’s orbit
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Schneider and Tauger 1995
z = -6.75sin(πœ†πΌπΌπΌ - 108.3ο‚°)
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Apply the fitted equation for other data sets
magnetic footprint brightness
z = -6.75sin(πœ†πΌπΌπΌ - bο‚°)___(1)
z=0
distance between Io’s orbit and Jupiter plasma equator
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Io’s magnetic footprint brightness and
its system III longitudes
Wannawichian, et al. [2010]
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Observation by CASSINI spacecraft
The variation of plasma environment near
the satellite was revealed
𝜌 πœ†πΌπΌπΌ = (πœŒπ‘œ + 𝜌1 sin πœ†πΌπΌπΌ βˆ’ πœ†0 )𝑒
πœŒπ‘œ :
𝑧2
βˆ’ 2
𝐻
________(2)
z:
Jupiter’s magnetospheric electron density at Io(~ 2000 cm-3 )
[Kivelson et al., 2004]
variation amplitude of plasma density suggested to be 20% ofπœŒπ‘œ
[Steffl et al, 2004].
Io’s system III longitude where the amplitude of plasma variation
is expected to be highest
Io’s distance from Jupiter plasma equator
H:
scale height, and
𝜌1 :
πœ†0 :
𝐻=
2π‘˜π‘‡
3πœ”2
= 0.5 RJ, based on the best fitted
value for ten-year observation data [Wannawichian, 2012
(submitted)]
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π‘ƒβˆ
𝜌
brightness πœ†πΌπΌπΌ = (1 + 0.2 sin πœ†πΌπΌπΌ βˆ’ πœ†0 )𝑒
𝑧2
βˆ’ 2
0.5
________(3)
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First peak of Io’s magnetic footprint
emission on Dec 28, 2000
Interception location:116.02
highest plasma density:19.49
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First peak of Io’s magnetic footprint
emission in 2001
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Second peak of Io’s magnetic footprint
emission on February, 26-28, 2000
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Summarized locations where plasma
density are expected to be highest
time
Interception
location
Highest
plasma
density
Distance from
interception
location
1999
102.44
286.75
184.31
14-16/12/2000
113.08
46.45
66.60
28/12/2000
116.02
19.49
96.53
2001
109.07
46.59
62.48
23-25/12/2007
138.11
5.43
107.68
26-28/12/2007
231.74
59.51
172.23
7-11/3/2007
272.19
147.51
124.68
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Discussion
ο‚— the regions where plasma density is expected
to highest were found to be in different
longitudes.
ο‚— longitudinal distances between interception
locations and Io’s longitudes where plasma
density is expected to be highest were found
to be different in each data set.
ο‚— It implies that the shape of plasma torus may
change over time.
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Conclusion
ο‚— Io’s system III longitudes, at which the
density at plasma equator is expected to be
highest, appear to vary at times.
ο‚— The plasma in the torus appears not to be
rigidly distributed.
ο‚— These results provide direct evidence of the
variation of the locations where plasma
density is expected to be highest that was
indicated by Io’s magnetic footprint
emissions.
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Acknowledgement
ο‚— Dr. Suwicha Wannawichian
ο‚— Development and Promotion of Science
and Technology Talents Project
ο‚— National Astronomical Research Institute
of Thailand
ο‚— Members of Astronomical Laboratory,
Chiangmai University
ο‚— Department of Physics and Materials
Science, Chiangmai University
26
Thank you
Interior of Jupiter
Planetary Aurora
www.nasa.gov,
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center 1999
Planets
Earth
Jupiter
Saturn
Bsurface (G)
0.1
4
0.2
Rotation period (hr)
24
9.92
10.7
Distance to
magnetopause (Rplanet)
11 RE
45 RJ
21 RS
Auroral brightness (kR)
1-100
10-10,000
1-100
1 kRayleigh (kR) = 109 photon/sec from a 1
cm2 column of the atmosphere radiated into 4
steradians
Clarke et al.,
28
2005
Clarke et al., 1998, 2004
Satellites in this study
Enceladus
Europa
Io
Enceladus’ water plumes
near its southern pole taken
by the ISS/NAC camera
onboard Cassini spacecraft
Ganymede
Satellites
Io
Europa
Ganymede
Enceladus
Diameter (km)
3,630
3,140
5,260
498
Geology
Volcanically
active, non
magnetized
Icy surface, non
magnetized
Icy surface,
magnetized
Geologically active, icy
surface, non
magnetized
29
www.nasa.gov, www.ultimateuniverse.n
Open-loop Alfvèn model and the
electron beam
Gurnett and Goertz (1981), Crary and Bagenal (1997)
β€’ Alfvèn waves travel from the interaction region at Io to the torus
boundary at high latitude.
β€’The reflections of Alfvèn waves take place causing some of the waves to
be reflected and some to continue into Jupiter’s ionosphere.
β€’ Also the electron beam created
at high latitude could be reflected
to the opposite hemisphere and
create a spot leading the main
Alfvèn wing spot.
Blue: Alfvèn current
system
Red: electron beams
Bonfond et al., (2008)
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