Fine particles: the views of
the WG on Strategies and
Review
Richard Ballaman
Chairman of WGSR
Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and
Landscape
2/10
Tasks for the EG on PM




Assess the degree of control provided by existing
protocols;
Review current work on PM under CLRTAP, taking also
into account the forthcoming Thematic Strategy of EC;
Review the characteristics of PM as transboundary
pollutant (i.a. contribution from different sources or scale,
implication of choosing different particle size fractions);
Consider the scientific and technical requirements, as
well as non-technical measures, needed for possible
option on how to develop further measures to reduce
PM.
3/10
Multi pollutants / multi effects approach
with new pollutants and driving forces
Heavy Metals
Acidification
primary
PM
PAH
SO2
Eutrophication
NH3
Particulate matter
NOx
NMVOC
Tropospheric ozone
Population exposure
Health & environmental impact
(RAINS_BL_CLE, August 2004, C. Agren)
Estimated loss in SLE in EU25 from
anthropogenic PM2.5 (months)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2000
2010
2020
Percentage forest area in EU25 with acid
deposition exceeding critical loads
Percentage ecosystem area in EU25 with
nitrogen deposition exceeding critical loads
70
25
60
20
50
15
40
10
30
20
5
10
0
0
2000
2010
2020
2000
2010
2020
PM2.5 emissions in Europe estimated by the
RAINS model for BL scenario
3500
in 1000 tonnes
3000
2500
Rem. Eur.
2000
Ukraine
Rus. Fed.
1500
EU10 new
EU15 old
1000
500
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
7/10
Source categories to further consider





Ships, diesel vehicles, off-road sector
Industrial processes
Small combustion (wood burning)
Agriculture (animal housing, manure storage
and spreading)
Retrofitting of existing sources
8/10
Options to be considered by WGSR


Secondary PM are already covered by the MPME Gothenburg protocol and
Primary PM could also be integrated in MP-ME.

Primary PM are already partially covered by
protocols on HMs which may be further
developped in
a Protocol on mercury and PM (including HMs)

A specific protocol on primary PM.
9/10
Expert views are welcomed on:

Which option looks more promising ?
(advantages / disadvantages)



Are the necessary information on PM emission
inventories and projections accurate enough to
allow emission ceilings?
Do we have sufficient data to define BAT and LV
for primary PM?
10/10
Challenges for the Convention
LRTAP


Increase life expectancy of European population
by decrease of the mean population exposure to
PM2.5
Implementation of a legal instrument to abate
PM emissions (ideally with commitments of 48
countries).
11/10