URBAN HEAT ISLAND AND STREET DESIGN
Sunrise in Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier
The case of the city of Doha in Qatar
IAIA Conference 2017 - Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Daniel Gauthier - Landscape Architect, Environmental & Sustainability Manager - CSLA, GSAS CGP
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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QATAR AND DOHA
Traditional Dhows and Business district - © 2016 - D. Gauthier
Qatar and Doha - Contrast between old and new
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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CONTENT
1 WHAT ARE URBAN HEAT ISLANDS (UHI)
2 URBAN HEAT ISLANDS IN DOHA, QATAR
3 TRADITIONAL STREETS OF QATAR
4 GREEN BUILDINGS CERTIFICATION AND UHI
5 PUBLIC REALM GUIDELINES AND UHI
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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street in
Shadedresting
- © 2016
- D.-Gauthier
the shadein Doha
Workers
© 2015
D. Gauthier
WHAT ARE URBAN HEATS ISLANDS ?
copyright
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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WHAT ARE URBAN HEAT ISLANDS ?
Typical differences in temperatures between city centers are rural area, late afternoon
°C
33
32
31
30
29
Commercial
Rural
Suburban
Residential
Urban
Residential
Park
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
Suburban
Residential
April 2017
Rural
Farmland
5
© 2016 - D. Gauthier based on an EPA illustration
Downtown
WHAT ARE URBAN HEAT ISLANDS ?
What are the contributing factors to UHI
Season
time of the day
Water
bodies
Shade
Evapotranspiration
Solar
Reflectance
Urban
Canopy Layer
Sky view
factor
Anthropogenic
Contributions
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Intense sun in Al Wakrah - © 2015 - D. Gauthier
URBAN HEATS ISLANDS IN DOHA, QATAR
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN DOHA, QATAR
Qatar
United Arab
Emirates
06:00 am
Saudi
Arabia
Long summer season
Arabian Gulf
North & West winds
© 2016 - Makido S., Shandas V., Ferwati S., Sailor D.
Doha
01:00 pm
07:00 pm
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|
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IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Streets of Doha- © 2017 - D. Gauthier
URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN DOHA, QATAR
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|
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Long summer season
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Wide streets, low
buildings
Arabian Gulf
North & West winds
Scarce vegetation
Over dimensioned streets
paved with asphalt.
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Center Business district of Doha- © 2017 - D. Gauthier
URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN DOHA, QATAR
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|
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Long summer season
|
Wide streets, low
buildings
|
Dark building material
with low solar reflectance
Arabian Gulf
North & West winds
Scarce vegetation
Over dimensioned streets
paved with asphalt.
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Metro of Doha- © 2017 - D. Gauthier
URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN DOHA, QATAR
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|
|
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Long summer season
|
Wide streets, low
buildings
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Dark building material
with low solar reflectance
|
Heavy traffic and no
electric public
transportation yet
Arabian Gulf
North & West winds
Scarce vegetation
Over dimensioned streets
paved with asphalt.
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Old street of Doha - © 2015 - D. Gauthier
TRADITIONAL STREETS OF DOHA
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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TRADITIONAL STREETS OF DOHA
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|
Narrow streets
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Pale color material
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Little human activities
generating heat
Shading casts by
buildings
Streets oriented toward
the Gulf to catch the
breeze
Doha in 1949 © 2005-2017 John Lockerbie
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Old street of Doha - © 2017 - D. Gauthier
TRADITIONAL STREETS OF DOHA
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Old street of Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier
TRADITIONAL STREETS OF DOHA
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Old street of Doha - © 2015 - D. Gauthier
TRADITIONAL STREETS OF DOHA
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Old street of Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier
TRADITIONAL STREETS OF DOHA
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION AND UHI
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION AND UHI
|
Leadership in Energy
and Environmental
Design(LEED)
internationally
recognized
|
Global Sustainability
Assessment System
(GSAS) in Gulf countries
|
One scheme is
dedicated to districts
and infrastructures
|
One of the criteria is
evaluating the impact of
the Project on UHI.
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION AND UHI
|
GSAS Criteria OE1 – Heat
Island Effect: minimize
Heat Island Effect to
reduce its impact on the
surrounding habitat and
environment.
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Evaluation is based only
on 1) sky view factor
and 2) solar reflectance
of material comparing
before and after
situations
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Public
of Doha
National
street
2015 GuidelinesQatar
Old
- ©Realm
- D. Gauthier
© 2014 - AECOM
PUBLIC REALM GUIDELINES AND UHI
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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PUBLIC REALM GUIDELINES AND UHI
|
Released in 2014, goal
of the guidelines is:
“To begin a paradigm shift
from a public realm primarily
driven by the needs of
vehicular-based transport to
a more human-scale
pedestrian friendly country”.
|
Qatar National Public Realm Guidelines- © 2014 - AECOM
Vision for street design
include:
 Streets design for people
 Streets that reflects the
local culture
 Streets which are resilient
 Streets which promote
positive behaviors
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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PUBLIC REALM GUIDELINES AND UHI
Public
of Doha
National
street
2016 GuidelinesQatar
Old
- ©Realm
- D. Gauthier
© 2014 - AECOM
Historical Center Streets
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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PUBLIC REALM GUIDELINES AND UHI
Public
of Doha
National
street
2016 GuidelinesQatar
Old
- ©Realm
- D. Gauthier
© 2014 - AECOM
Mixed Used Streets
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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NEXT STEPS
EGIS is currently developing a comprehensive approach for
assessing UHI related to infrastructures such as urban highways.
It will include:
 Baseline Surveys including mapping tools using GIS, ground-borne
thermic cameras and meteorological micro-sensors;
 Impact Assessment using GIS based modeling tools
 Measures Development including nature based and engineering
solutions.
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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Public
of Doha
National
street
2016 GuidelinesQatar
Old
- ©Realm
- D. Gauthier
© 2014 - AECOM
|
|
Daniel Gauthier
Landscape Architect
Environmental & Sustainability Manager
|
[email protected]
Souq Al Wakrah- © 2015 - D. Gauthier
Thank you !
www.egis-group.com
IAIA 2017 - Urban Heat Island and Street Design - The case of the city of Doha, Qatar
April 2017
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