Last Lecture: Globalization and
Review
Lecture 24: Thursday, 6 May 2010
J A Morrison
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Final Exam
• Submission
– Plan to Submit by 10:00 PM on Friday, 14 May
– Final Deadline: 10:30 PM on Friday, 14 May
 Do not be even a minute late!
– Max Length: 1700 words (all inclusive)
• Format:
– Q1 (400 words): Select 1 of several questions
– Q2 (650 words): Everyone answers same question
– Q3 (650 words): Select 1 of several questions
– Silly Bonus (worth zero points)
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Lec 24: Globalization & Review
I. Globalization
II. Course Review
III. Discussion Questions
IV.Evaluations
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Lec 24: Globalization & Review
I. Globalization
II. Course Review
III. Discussion Questions
IV.Evaluations
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I. GLOBALIZATION
1. What is Globalization?
2. Globalization in Context
3. Implications of Globalization
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So, what is this phenomenon
“globalization”?
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The literal meaning of globalization is rendering
things global. (OED)
A more precise formulation would run:
“fundamental changes in the spatial and
temporal contours of social existence, according
to which the significance of space or territory
undergoes shifts in the face of a no less dramatic
acceleration in the temporal structure of crucial
forms of human activity.” (Stanford Encycl. of
Philosophy)
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Globalization, then, is really about the
minimization of the (potential) significance
of differences across space and the
changes in life that follow as a result.
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Barriers to Globalization
• Natural Barriers
– Transportation and Communication Costs
– Historical Legacies (e.g. trade networks)
• Contrived Barriers
– Linguistic and Cultural Barriers
– Politically-Imposed Restrictions (tariffs, &c.)
 These limits may be increased or decreased
 The level of these limits determines the potential
level of globalization, the extent of differences across
space.
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If the level of globalization may fluctuate,
how has the level of globalization changed
over time?
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I. GLOBALIZATION
1. What is Globalization?
2. Globalization in Context
3. Implications of Globalization
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Globalization encompasses more than just
“economic” phenomena…
But we typically use “economic” measures
to determine the level of globalization.
Specifically, we look at the amount of
movement of: people, goods & services,
and capital.
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Two Eras of Globalization
• Two Eras
– 1st Age: Mid-19th Century to 1914
– 2nd Age: 1945 to Present
• Similar Causes
– Revolutions in transportation & communication
– Commitment by states to decrease impediments
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When was Globalization Greatest?
 It depends on the measure!
• Trade: Share of Exports in World Output
– Peaked in 1913
– This point was not surpassed until 1970
• Capital: Flows relative to National Income
– Level of integration still has not reached the levels
achieved among developed countries between
1870 and 1913
Grieco & Ikenberry. State Power & World Markets. pp 5, 217.
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I. GLOBALIZATION
1. What is Globalization?
2. Globalization in Context
3. Implications of Globalization
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Globalization has implications for
social, political, and economic
outcomes.
(We’re particularly interested in the latter two.)
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The Social Implications
• The Division of Labor in Society
(1893)
• Globalization affects social
organization
• Mechanical Solidarity: bonds forced
by proximity
– E.g. members of same tribes
• Organic Solidarity: bonds developed
by interdependence
Émile Durkheim
– E.g. individuals with similar internal
characteristics
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Political Implications
• Reorganization of the International System
– Non-state actors (MNCs, NGOs, &c) become major
players in IP
– Changes in distribution of power
• Changes in Accountability
– States respond to different groups than do MNCs
or NGOs
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Economic Implications
• Development: Does globalization make the pie
bigger?
• Distribution: Who enjoys the gains brought by
globalization?
– Developed countries?
– Developing countries?
– MNCs?
– Consumers?
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Lec 24: Globalization & Review
I. Globalization
II. Course Review
III. Discussion Questions
IV.Evaluations
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So, we’ve covered a lot of ground
this term.
The following are what I consider
to be the three most significant
“takeaway” points from the course.
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(1) The stakes of international
politics are unusually high.
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We study some of the most
pressing issues of our time—from
terrorism to climate change.
And the decisions made can have
incredible effects…
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They can advance the cause of
liberty…
lift continents out of poverty…
and ensure the persistence of our
species.
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Or…
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They can abet slavery…
inflict inconceivable suffering…
and annihilate our species.
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I think that studying international
politics will make a difference…
…regardless of whether you
become a policymaker or just an
informed citizen.
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(2) The facets of international
politics—economy, security, and
organization—are inextricably
linked. You cannot study any
one in isolation from the others.
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(3) In IP, we rely heavily on
theories to help us navigate
these waters. We have a lot of
theories of IP; and there is more
than one way in which we can
organize them.
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Lec 24: Globalization & Review
I. Globalization
II. Course Review
III. Discussion Questions
IV.Evaluations
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Discussion Questions
• Asymmetric Violence
– When is asymmetric violence justified?
– Can we fight a war on terror?
– Who is our enemy?
– How does Mumbai fit into things?
• Globalization
– Is globalization good or bad?
– How should we regulate it?
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Evaluations
• Fill in circle completely
• Use blue or black ink
• Please share your thoughts!
 Thank you!
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