Ubiquitous Metainformation and the
W Y W W Y W I Principle
Michael Bieber*, Joe Catanio*, Li Zhang**
*Information Systems Department
**Computer Science Department
College of Computing Sciences
New Jersey Institute of Technology
http://web.njit.edu/~bieber
November 2003
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
This talk ties together much of our current research..
It also gives a vision of where the WWW is heading.
1
Thinking Exercise
• Close your eyes. Think about your favorite
Web site, or one that you rely on for
information...
• Focus on an element you’re interested in
– a text string, icon, element within a table or an
animation...
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
2
The W Y W W Y W I Principle
What you want, when you want it
Wanting to point to something and say:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Tell me more about this!
What is this?
How can I use this? What do I need to know to use it?
Can I modify this?
How does this differ from similar ones?
What is the next step?
This is all metainformation & people should get it!
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
3
Ubiquitous Metainformation
Goal: Metainformation widespread in everyday systems
How: provide tools for developers
• Relationship Analysis
– systematically determining metainformation
• Metainformation Engine
– automatically generating metainformation
• WYWWYWI
– widespread accepted design philosophy
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
4
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Examples
Metainformation (what to provide)
Relationship Analysis (how to find metainformation)
Metainformation Engine (how to automate it)
Virtual Documents (many real world documents)
Related Work
WYWWYWI (what it will take)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
5
Two Examples
• Purchasing System
• Digital Library
• screen shot of our prototype later...
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
6
251
Requisition Header - Shipping and Text
Screen:
Vend: V0000304390 PR: R010294 Inv:
Deliver-to Address
Name: MICHAEL BIEBER
Org:
NJIT, CIS DEPARTMENT
Addr: 323 ML KING BLVD
City: NEWARK
Zip:
07102
Phone: 973 596 2681
STRATEGIC SUPPLIES INTERN'L
71 UNION AVE
Line:
F OB:
Rte:
Delivery Service: UPS
Delivery Date: 03-12-2000
St: NJ
Country: USA
Ext:
Requisition Codes:
58 128 PUX ZY2
Requisition Text:
Sample Screen from Purchasing System:Document
All text with no links...
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
Notes: N
7
251
Requisition Header - Shipping and Text
Screen:
Vend: V0000304390 PR: R010294 Inv:
Deliver-to Address
Name: MICHAEL BIEBER
Org:
NJIT, CIS DEPARTMENT
Addr: 323 ML KING BLVD
City: NEWARK
Zip:
07102
Phone: 973 596 2681
STRATEGIC SUPPLIES INTERN'L
71 UNION AVE
Line:
FOB:
Rte:
Delivery Service: UPS
Delivery Date: 03-12-2000
St: NJ
Country: USA
Ext:
Requisition Codes:
58 128 PUX ZY2
Requisition Text:
But we could want metainformation
about almost any element...
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
Document Notes: N
8
251
Requisition Header - Shipping and Text
Screen:
Vend: V0000304390 PR: R010294 Inv:
STRATEGIC SUPPLIES INTERN'L
71 UNION AVE
Line:
V0000304390 {vendor}
Deliver-to Address
FOB:
Name: MICHAEL BIEBER
Rte:
Vendor
Details
Org:
NJIT, CIS DEPARTMENT
Delivery Service: UPS
{Vendor IS}
Addr: 323 ML KING BLVD
Delivery Date: 03-12-2000
Vendor Reliability
{Vendor IS}
City: NEWARK
St: NJ
Zip:
07102
Country:
USA
Vendor
Agreements
Phone: 973 596 2681
{VendorExt:
IS}
Requisition
Other Possible Vendors 58 128 PUX
Requisition Text:
{Purchasing Data Warehouse}
Your Purchasing History
{Purchasing IS}
All Screens with this Vendor
{CASE Workbench}
Codes:
ZY2
Document Notes: N
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
9
i
Here are some examples. The agricultural system is very
complex. It consists of farmers in interaction with the envi ronment (weather, soil, pests), the economy
society.
Deeand
ply Unde
rs tanding Comple xity
One problem currently receiving a lot of attention
{doc ument}
is
Integrated Pest Management.
Vi ew Peer
vi ew Comme
nts
Author
andRe
Document
Owner
{JESSE Peer
Re vie w se rvice}
{Metadata
Repository}
The problem unfortunately is being addressed separately
Enter
your own Pee
r Review
by experts in Plant Pathology, Entomology,
Agronomy,
Bot
- Comm ent
{JESSE
Peer (and
Re vie w
any, and Soil Science, with no real common
ground
litse rvice}
tle common understanding) to base our decisions
Sea rch for son.
imil ar/rel ated docume nts
Pla nt Pathology {concept}
Meetings and workshops tasked with integration
{Core Search
have
servi
taken
ce}
place, but these various subdisciplines could not seem to
As k a n expe rt ab out this co nce pt
Othe r co llectio ns with th is d ocu ment
analintegrated
viewpoint. No real methodology
exists
{inform
the Virtu
Reference Desk}
{DLSI Col lection Registry}
to discuss and analyze the systems, which each
Rele van t NASA Experim ents in Space
a new
comme nt o n do cum ent
subdiscipline has developed. In the end, Create
all IPM
decisions
{ Nationa l Spa ce Scie nce Data Ce nter}
{Core Annotatio n servi ce}
end up unintegrated and therefore only partially
effective. A
Rela
ted journ al aapproach
rticles
systematic
that would enable the
Ad ddifferent
do cum entpartici
to curren-t Guid ed Tour
{inpants
JESSE}to discuss, and determine all the interrelationships,
{DLSI Gui ded Tour service}
which
and derive
Sea
rch this
forwould
this
conhelp
cep t researchers link their practices
Define
concept
Sta rt your own li nk from this docume nt
their
effects
{Core
Search
servion
ce}each others area and the environment,
{Agricultural
Thesaurus}
{DLSI L ink service}
Bieber, Catanio &would
Zhang, NJITgreatly
©2003
help the IPM research and lead to better deci 10
Vi ew Comme nts on this con cep t
Metainformation
• The full
context about
and around an
element
relationships
metadata
element
• Provides a
fuller
understanding
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
11
Metainformation
• metadata (about selected element)
• content relationships (based on display content)
• structural relationships (based on element type or “class”)
• annotation relationships (user-declared, knowledge-sharing)
• metainformation-based navigation (user-directed)
Roberto Galnares’
dissertation
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
12
i
Here are some examples. The agricultural system is very
complex. It consists of farmers in interaction with the envi ronment (weather, soil, pests), the economy
society.
Deeand
ply Unde
rs tanding Comple xity
One problem currently receiving a lot of attention
{doc ument}
is
Integrated Pest Management.
Vi ew Peer
vi ew Comme
nts
Author
andRe
Document
Owner
{JESSE Peer
Re vie w se rvice}
{Metadata
Repository}
The problem unfortunately is being addressed separately
Enter
your own Pee
r Review
by experts in Plant Pathology, Entomology,
Agronomy,
Bot
- Comm ent
{JESSE
Peer (and
Re vie w
any, and Soil Science, with no real common
ground
litse rvice}
tle common understanding) to base our decisions
Sea rch for son.
imil ar/rel ated docume nts
Pla nt Pathology {concept}
Meetings and workshops tasked with integration
{Core Search
have
servi
taken
ce}
place, but these various subdisciplines could not seem to
As k a n expe rt ab out this co nce pt
Othe r co llectio ns with th is d ocu ment
analintegrated
viewpoint. No real methodology
exists
{inform
the Virtu
Reference Desk}
{DLSI Col lection Registry}
to discuss and analyze the systems, which each
Rele van t NASA Experim ents in Space
a new
comme nt o n do cum ent
subdiscipline has developed. In the end, Create
all IPM
decisions
{ Nationa l Spa ce Scie nce Data Ce nter}
{Core Annotatio n servi ce}
end up unintegrated and therefore only partially
effective. A
Rela
ted journ al aapproach
rticles
systematic
that would enable the
Ad ddifferent
do cum entpartici
to curren-t Guid ed Tour
{inpants
JESSE}to discuss, and determine all the interrelationships,
{DLSI Gui ded Tour service}
which
and derive
Sea
rch this
forwould
this
conhelp
cep t researchers link their practices
Define
concept
Sta rt your own li nk from this docume nt
their
effects
{Core
Search
servion
ce}each others area and the environment,
{Agricultural
Thesaurus}
{DLSI L ink service}
Bieber, Catanio &would
Zhang, NJITgreatly
©2003
help the IPM research and lead to better deci 13
Vi ew Comme nts on this con cep t
i
Here are some examples. The agricultural system is very
complex. It consists of farmers in interaction with the envi ronment (weather, soil, pests), the economy
society.
Deeand
ply Unde
rs tanding Comple xity
One problem currently receiving a lot of attention
{doc ument}
is
Integrated Pest Management.
metadata
Vi ew Peer
vi ew Comme
nts
Author
andRe
Document
Owner
{JESSE Peer
Re vie w se rvice}
{Metadata
Repository}
The problem unfortunately is being addressed separately
Enter
your own Pee
r Review
by experts in Plant Pathology, Entomology,
Agronomy,
Bot
- Comm ent
{JESSE
Peer (and
Re vie w
content
any,
and Soil Science, with
no realrelationship
common
ground
litse rvice}
structural
relationships
tle common understanding) to base our decisions
Sea rch for son.
imil ar/rel ated docume nts
Pla nt Pathology {concept}
Meetings and workshops tasked with integration
{Core Search
have
servi
taken
ce}
place, but these various subdisciplines could not seem to
As k a n expe rt ab out this co nce pt
Othe r co llectio ns with th is d ocu ment
analintegrated
viewpoint. No real methodology
exists
{inform
the Virtu
Reference Desk}
{DLSI Col lection Registry}
to discuss and analyze the systems, which each
Rele van t NASA Experim ents in Space
a new
comme nt o n do cum ent
subdiscipline has developed. In the end, Create
all IPM
decisions
{ Nationa l Spa ce Scie nce Data Ce nter}
{Core Annotatio n servi ce}
end up unintegrated and therefore only partially
effective. A
Rela
ted journ al aapproach
rticles
systematic
that would enable the
-t Guid ed Tour
Ad ddifferent
do cum entpartici
to currenannotation
{inpants
JESSE}to discuss, and determine all the interrelationships,
{DLSI Gui ded Tour service}
which
and derive
Sea
rch this
forwould
this
conhelp
cep t researchers link their practices
Define
concept
Sta rt your own li nk from this docume nt
their
effects
{Core
Search
servion
ce}each others area and the environment,
{Agricultural
Thesaurus}
{DLSI L ink service}
content
relationship
Bieber, Catanio &would
Zhang, NJITgreatly
©2003
help the IPM research and lead to better deci 14
Vi ew Comme nts on this con cep t
251
Requisition Header - Shipping and Text
Screen:
Vend: V0000304390 PR: R010294 Inv:
STRATEGIC SUPPLIES INTERN'L
71 UNION AVE
Line:
all are structural
relationships
V0000304390 {vendor}
Deliver-to Address
FOB:
Name: MICHAEL BIEBER
Rte:
Vendor
Details
Org:
NJIT, CIS DEPARTMENT
Delivery Service: UPS
{Vendor IS}
Addr: 323 ML KING BLVD
Delivery Date: 03-12-2000
Vendor Reliability
{Vendor IS}
City: NEWARK
St: NJ
Zip:
07102
Country:
USA
Vendor
Agreements
Phone: 973 596 2681
{VendorExt:
IS}
Requisition
Other Possible Vendors 58 128 PUX
Requisition Text:
{Purchasing Data Warehouse}
Your Purchasing History
{Purchasing IS}
All Screens with this Vendor
{CASE Workbench}
Codes:
ZY2
Document Notes: N
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
15
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Examples
Metainformation (what to provide)
Relationship Analysis (how to find metainformation)
Metainformation Engine (how to automate it)
Virtual Documents (many real world documents)
Related Work
WYWWYWI (what it will take)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
16
Relationship Analysis (RA)
• What metainformation could we provide?
• RA: a systematic methodology to determine
relationships (& metadata and new destination elements)
–
–
–
–
–
New systems analysis technique
Fills a major hole in software engineering
Analysts gain deeper understanding of a system
Yields richer analyses and designs
Joe Catanio’s
Relationships become links
dissertation
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
17
Relationship Analysis (RA), cont.
• approach: brainstorming with domain experts
• for existing systems:
– pick elements from screen shots
• for new systems:
– pick entities from use cases
• Ask questions from RA taxonomy
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
18
RA Taxonomy
• based on Guilford’s Structure of Intellect
theory [1950]
– describing intellect and creativity
• refined by Rao & Turoff’s Hypertext
Morphology [1991]
– for systems analysis
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
19
RA Taxonomy
Item of Interest
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
Definition
Specification
Elaboration
Collection
Membership
Aggregation
Proposition
Association
Characteristic
Generalization
Path
Branch
Issue
Alternative
Deviation
Observation
Inference
Extrapolation
20
RA Taxonomy
Item of Interest
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
Definition
Specification
Elaboration
Collection
Membership
Aggregation
Proposition
Association
Characteristic
Generalization
Path
Branch
Issue
Alternative
Deviation
Observation
Inference
Extrapolation
21
RA: Brainstorming Questions
Item of Interest
Description
Node Type
Convergent
Relationship
Type
Generic Question(s)
(Optional)
Specific Question(s)
Results
Divergent
Relationship
Type
Generic Question(s)
(Optional)
Specific Question(s)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
Results
Definition
Specification
RA Template
Does the item of interest have a description?
Does the item of interest have a definition?
Does the item of interest have an explanation?
Does the item of interest have a set of instructions?
Does the item of interest have an illustration?
Elaboration
Does the description fully describe the item of interest?
Does the definition fully encompass the item of interest?
Does the explanation make assumptions?
Are the set of instructions complete?
22
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Examples
Metainformation (what to provide)
Relationship Analysis (how to find metainformation)
Metainformation Engine (how to automate it)
Virtual Documents (many real world documents)
Related Work
WYWWYWI (what it will take)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
23
Metainformation Engine
• “Just in time” metainformation
– required for virtual documents (e.g., query results)
• Automatically:
– generates link anchors
– generates links to services providing
metainformation:
• metadata, content, structural, annotation relationships
– incorporates metainformation-based navigation
• Provides lightweight systems integration
through linking to everyday systems
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
Roberto Galnares’
dissertation
24
251
Requisition Header - Shipping and Text
Screen:
Vend: V0000304390 PR: R010294 Inv:
STRATEGIC SUPPLIES INTERN'L
71 UNION AVE
Line:
V0000304390 {vendor}
Deliver-to Address
FOB:
Name: MICHAEL BIEBER
Rte:
Vendor
Details
Org:
NJIT, CIS DEPARTMENT
Delivery Service: UPS
{Vendor IS}
Addr: 323 ML KING BLVD
Delivery Date: 03-12-2000
Vendor Reliability
{Vendor IS}
City: NEWARK
St: NJ
Zip:
07102
Country:
USA
Vendor
Agreements
Phone: 973 596 2681
{VendorExt:
IS}
Requisition
Other Possible Vendors 58 128 PUX
Requisition Text:
{Purchasing Data Warehouse}
Your Purchasing History
{Purchasing IS}
All Screens with this Vendor
{CASE Workbench}
Codes:
ZY2
Document Notes: N
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
25
To Integrate:
(1) wrapper: parses screens to identify elements
(2) provide metadata/structural rel’ship rules
(3) identify glossaries for content relationships
User’s Web
Browser
Metainformation
Engine
ME Desktop
ME Broker
ME Relationship
Engine
ME Lexical
Analysis
Vendor IS
Wrapper
Purchasing
D.W.
Wrapper
Purchasing
IS Wrapper
CASE
Workbench
Wrapper
Service
Wrapper (i)
Vendor
Information
System
Purchasing
Data
Warehouse
Purchasing
Information
System
CASE
Workbench
Service (i)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
existing system
or Web service
uses
Java,
XML,
Xpath,
etc.
26
To Integrate:
(1) wrapper: parses screens to identify elements
(2) provide metadata/structural rel’ship rules
(3) identify glossaries for content relationships
User’s Web
Browser
Metainformation
Engine
ME Desktop
ME Broker
ME Relationship
Engine
ME Lexical
Analysis
Vendor IS
Wrapper
Purchasing
D.W.
Wrapper
Purchasing
IS Wrapper
CASE
Workbench
Wrapper
Service
Wrapper (i)
Vendor
Information
System
Purchasing
Data
Warehouse
Purchasing
Information
System
CASE
Workbench
Service (i)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
existing system
or Web service
uses
Java,
XML,
Xpath,
etc.
27
Relationship Rules
•
•
•
•
•
V0000304390 {vendor}
Vendor Details
{Vendor IS}
element type (“vendor”)
Vendor Reliability
link display label (“Vendor Details”)
{Vendor IS}
Agreements
relationship metadata for filteringVendor
links
{Vendor IS}
Other Possible Vendors
– semantic relationship type (“elaboration”)
{Purchasing Data Warehouse}
– relationship keywords
Your Purchasing History
{Purchasing IS}
destination system (“Vendor Info System”)
All Screens with this Vendor
Workbench}
exact command(s) for destination{CASE
system
(“retrieve_full(ID, details)”)
• conditions
– user types and tasks, expertise required, access restrictions
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
28
Relationship Rules
• Mechanism for implementing access to:
–
–
–
–
–
Metadata
Structural relationships
Content relationships
Annotation relationships
Metainformation navigation
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
29
Metadatum Rule
• element type ( “vendor”)
• metadatum link display label (“Vendor Name”)
• metadatum’s metadata for filtering links
– semantic relationship type (“name”)
– metadatum keywords
• destination system (“Vendor Info System”)
• exact command(s) for destination system
(“select(vendor_table, vendor_ID, vendor_name)”)
• conditions
– user types and tasks, expertise required, access restrictions
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
30
Annotation Rule
(display comments)
• element type ( “generic_element”)
• link display label
(“view comments on this”, element_type)”)
• relationship metadata for filtering links
– semantic relationship type (“annotation”)
• destination system (“Annotation System”)
• exact command(s) for destination system
(“display_annotations(element_ID)”)
• conditions
check_condition(“Core Annotation Service”,
existence_check(“annotations”, element_ID)) = true)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
31
Prototype:
Digital Library Integration
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
32
Interesting Issues
• Information overload!
– Must filter and rank order list of links
– Too many anchors
– Requires good user interface design
• Semantics
– Systems/services should use same element types
• Unique persistent identifiers
– For every screen, document, element of interest
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
33
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Examples
Metainformation (what to provide)
Relationship Analysis (how to find metainformation)
Metainformation Engine (how to automate it)
Virtual Documents (many real world documents)
Related Work
WYWWYWI (what it will take)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
34
Virtual Documents
• from user interaction, queries, customizations
• Metainformation must be added “just in time”
• Example
–
–
–
–
–
–
do a decision support analysis (“# vehicles needed”)
add comments to calculation results
bookmark screen (“make it a favorite”)
close screen
follow bookmark later (“system regenerates screen”)
system must re-locate comment anchors “just in time”
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
35
Virtual Documents
• Re-generate virtual documents
– without re-entering parameters
– then wrapper parses to add metainfo anchors
• Re-identify elements
– Location can shift
– content can change (e.g., stock price)
• Re-locate anchors
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
Li Zhang’s
dissertation
36
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Examples
Metainformation (what to provide)
Relationship Analysis (how to find metainformation)
Metainformation Engine (how to automate it)
Virtual Documents (many real world documents)
Related Work
WYWWYWI (what it will take)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
37
Related Work
• Web Services
• Semantic Web
• Microsoft SmartTags/NBC-Interactive’s
QuickClick, etc.
• Link Services and Hypermedia Engines
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
38
Web Services
• The Metainformation Engine (ME) is a kind of
Web service
– a metainformation/linking service
• ME can integrate with existing Web services
– include Web services in set of links
– supplement Web services with links
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
39
Semantic Web
• Advocates the use of ontologies (groups of related terms)
to define concepts and their relationships
• Goal: machine-readable semantic description / processing
• Recognizes the need to accommodate diverse knowledge
representations and conflicting definitions.
• The ME could use ontologies to:
– standardize element types
– Find related elements and provide links to their metainformation
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
40
Microsoft SmartTags /
NBC-Interactive’s QuickClick, etc.
• Set of links generated automatically
– Based on known keywords
– Can add additional links manually
• No structural linking
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
41
Microsoft Smart Tag critiques
• Users find too many links annoying
• Content providers do not want their
documents altered
• Manipulation: Companies can pay to have
competitors name recognized and linked to
their sites
• Provides content based links (word
recognition) not structural linkages (element
recognition)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
42
Link Services
and Hypermedia Engines
• SFX (links to referenced articles)
• Link Services
– Chimera, Microcosm Distributed Link Service, DHM:
manual linking or automated through keyword search
requiring modifications for integration
• Hypermedia Engines with minimal modifications
– Microcosm Universal Viewer, Freckles: manual linking
– OO-Navigator: SmallTalk only
• Web Database Applications, e.g., e-shopping
– database queries only, normally single links
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
43
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Examples
Metainformation (what to provide)
Relationship Analysis (how to find metainformation)
Metainformation Engine (how to automate it)
Virtual Documents (many real world documents)
Related Work
WYWWYWI (what it will take)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
44
What you want, when you want it
What will it take?
• WYWWYWI mindset for developers & public
–
–
–
–
Allow metainformation (user-directed) navigation
a design philosophy for developers
demanded by the general public
this requires exposure!
• Developer Tools
• Ubiquitous Access
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
45
What you want, when you want it
What will it take?
• WYWWYWI mindset for developers & public
• Developer Tools
–
–
–
–
Relationship Analysis
Metainformation Engine
Wrappers for everyday systems
Annotation/knowledge-sharing services (linking,
comments, guided tours, etc.)
• Ubiquitous Access
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
46
What you want, when you want it:
What will it take?
• WYWWYWI mindset for developers & public
• Developer Tools
• Ubiquitous Access
– Repositories of relationship rules
– Thesauri and glossaries
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
47
Interesting Issues
• Access privileges to others’ metainformation
• Right to third party authoring/linking
• Quality of metainformation
– Rating metainformation
– Bogus metainformation (such as advertisements)
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
48
Research Contributions
• Metainformation
– broader conceptualization
• Relationship Analysis (how to find metainformation)
• Metainformation Engine (how to automate it)
– Lightweight systems integration through linking
• Virtual Documents
– Re-generation, re-identification, re-location
• WYWWYWI: a design philosophy
– What you want, when you want it
Thank you! Questions, please?
Bieber, Catanio & Zhang, NJIT ©2003
49