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kÖ×v Rvbvw”Q Avgv‡`i gnvb ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g
AvÍ`vbKvix 30 j¶ knx‡`i AvÍvi cÖwZ, m¤§vb Rvbvw”Q
m¤£gnviv †mB AvovB j¶ gv-†ev‡bi cÖwZ, hv‡`i Z¨vM bv
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PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 1
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 2
Am¤¢e wQj| wec-ex gv÷vi `v m~h©‡mb, exiKb¨v
cÖxwZjZv Iqv‡Ï`vi, Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨wekvi`,
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wbe©vwPZ †gqi Rb‡bZv G we Gg gwnDwÏb †PŠayixmn
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PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 3
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 4
f~wgKv
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eQi Av‡M †_‡K µ‡g wmÜz mf¨Zv, wgmixq mf¨Zv,
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AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`‡k Avgiv DcbxZ| GiB g‡a¨ wLª÷c~e©
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PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 5
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 6
GB Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b `iKvi, bMievmx G Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b
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PÆMÖvgevmx f~wgKv ivL‡Z PvB| Avi Gi ga¨ w`‡qB
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PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 7
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 8
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UvKvi m¤ú‡`i| Lvj, bvjv fivU n‡q Aí e„wó‡Z UBUz¤^i n‡q
DV‡Q kni| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI nuvUz †_‡K †Kvgi cvwb‡Z
bMievmx ïay bb, we‡`kx ch©UKivI GB kn‡i cÖvq wRw¤§
`kvq c‡ob| `xN©Kvj a‡i GB Rjve×Zv‡iv‡a Pv³vB Lvjmn
cyi‡bv Lvj ¸‡jv Lbb, ms¯‹vi I bZzb Lvj Lb‡bi `vwe Ges
miKvwi †emiKvwi eivÏ _vK‡jI Kv‡Ri KvR wKQzB nqwb|
bMievmxi mgm¨v i‡q †M‡Q †mB wZwg‡iB| A_P Rjve×Zv
wbim‡b cÖ‡qvRb †Kej Kvh©Ki D‡`¨vM| GB Ae¯’v †_‡K
Gevi Avgv‡`i cwiÎvY †c‡ZB n‡e| Rjve×Zv †iv‡a †W«‡bR
Gwiqv a‡i gv÷vi cø¨v‡bi cÖ¯—ve¸‡jv mg‡qi m‡½
cwieZ©b K‡i AMÖvwaKvi wfwˇZ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q cÖKí
cÖ¯—ve cvVv‡Z n‡e| `xN© w`‡bI wVKg‡Zv GB
KvRUzKz nqwb| Avwg wbe©vwPZ n‡j G‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvR‡b
PÆMÖvg e›`i KZ©…c¶ (PeK), cvwb Dbœqb †evW©
(cvD‡ev),
PÆMÖvg
Iqvmvmn
mswk­ó
Ab¨vb¨
cÖwZôvb‡K mv‡_ wb‡q KvR Kie| me‡¶‡Î mgš^‡qi
`vwqZ¡ _vK‡e Pwm‡Ki|
Avš—wiKfv‡e †Póv Ki‡j, K‡qKwU ev¯—egyLx c`‡¶c
MÖnY Ki‡jB Rjve×Zv †_‡K bMievmx‡K gyw³ †`Iqv m¤¢e|
ZvB `„pZvi mv‡_ ej‡Z PvBÑAvgv‡`i A½xKvi ÔRjve×Zv
†_‡K gyw³|Õ †Kbbv, GB KvRwU KwVb wKQy bq| Pv³vB
Lvjmn Lvj¸‡jv‡K ÔPÆMÖv‡gi `ytLÕ wn‡m‡e Avi †`L‡Z
Pvq bv PÆMÖv‡gi gvbyl| G Rb¨Ñ
(K) Lvj I bvjv¸‡jv‡K c~e©Zb Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q †bqv,
cwiKwíZfv‡e AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z AZ¨vaywbK Lbbhš¿
e¨envi K‡i Lvj Lbb Kiv n‡e| evov‡bv n‡e Lv‡ji
MfxiZv I cÖk¯—Zv|
(L) Lv‡ji gvSLv‡b gqjv-AveR©bv hv‡Z R‡g bv _v‡K †m
Rb¨ GKwU †evW© MV‡bi gva¨‡g wbqwgZ Z`viwK I
cwi®‹vi Kivi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
(M) miKv‡ii me©‡kl Aby‡gv`b cvIqv enÏvinvU †_‡K
KY©dzjx c‡q›U ch©š— bZzb LvjwU `ª“Z Lbb Kiv
n‡e| AviI bZzb Lvj Lb‡bi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
(N) bMi †_‡K KY©dzjx‡Z wM‡q †gkv cÖwZwU Lv‡ji
gy‡L ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e m­yBP †MBUÑhv‡Z K‡i
†Rvqv‡ii mgq †MBU eÜ _vK‡j Lv‡ji cvwb bM‡i
Xz‡K co‡Z bv cv‡i| fvUvi mgq Zv Ly‡j †`Iqv n‡e|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 9
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 10
Rjve×Zv †_‡K gyw³ :
GB c`‡¶c¸‡jv ev¯—evwqZ n‡j bMievmx Rjve×Zv
†_‡K gy³ n‡e| Avgv‡`i cÖ_g G‡RÛv GwU|
(O) 1995 mv‡j PÆMÖvg Dbœqb KZ…©c¶ cÖYxZ gv÷vi
c-¨v‡bi mg‡qvc‡hvMx bevqb I ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡gI
GwU m¤¢e|
cvwb `~lY, cvwb m¼U, Rjvavi i¶v :
b`x‡K wN‡iB P‡j‡Q mf¨Zvi µgweKvk| ZvB b`xi
cvwbcÖevn mPj ivL‡Z, b`x`~lY †iva Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb
cÖhyw³ I AvBbMZ wbqš¿Y| e¨w³MZ, mgwóMZ
†¯^”QvPvwiZvi ekeZ©x n‡q e‡R©¨i fv‡i KY©dzjx I
Lvj¸‡jvi cvwb †hb `~wlZ bv nq, `L‡ji Kâvq c‡o MwZc_ †hb
m¼ywPZ bv nq, †h mgy‡`ªi AZj Rjivwki Adziš— ˆkevj
†RvMvb †`q Rxeb i¶vKvix Aw·‡Rb, Zv‡Z mvgwMÖK
cwi‡ek, cÖvYx Rxeb †hb wecbœ bv nq †m w`‡K mRvM
`„wó †`qvI Avgv‡`i GB bMievmx I `vwqZ¡kxj‡`i KZ©e¨|
Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i ¯^v‡_©B euvwP‡q ivL‡Z n‡e KY©dzjx I
mKj Lvj‡K| mf¨Zv i¶v I mf¨Zvi bZzb Aa¨vq iPbvq GwU
Avgv‡`i cweÎ KZ©e¨|
KY©dzjx b`xi Zx‡i AcwiKwíZfv‡e wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o IVvi
d‡j wkíRwbZ b`x `~l‡Yi gvÎv Avk¼vRbKfv‡e †e‡o‡Q|
mxZvKz‡Êi mgy`ª DcK‚‡j cÖwZwôZ RvnvRfvOv wkí
†_‡K NU‡Q fqven cwi‡ek `~lY| RvnvRfvOv I jÂ-w÷gvi
†givgZ wkí b`xi Zx‡iI i‡q‡Q nvRv‡iv ai‡bi| mivmwi b`x‡Z
†djv n‡”Q M„n¯’vjx I nvmcvZvj eR©¨, Rjhv‡bi fvOv Ask,
†Zj, gwej, †ZjRvZ `ªe¨mvgMÖx| cÖwZwbqZ cvwb‡Z
wgk‡Q nvRvi nvRvi †QvU-eo KjKviLvbvi ˆZjv³ eR¨©,
QvcvLvbv, †U·UvBj, Kvco WvBs‡qi welv³ ivmvqwbK iO|
cÖwZw`b cvwb‡Z wgk‡Q nvRvi nvRvi NbwgUvi
Acwi‡kvwaZ eR©¨| Gme e‡R©¨ i‡q‡Q †µvwgqvg,
wmmv, mvjwdDwiK GwmW|
cvwb `~l‡Yi d‡j gvivÍK weiƒc cÖwZwµqv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q
mgy`ª DcK‚jxq GjvKvi cÖvYx I Dw™¢`‰ewP‡Î¨| cvwbi iO
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 11
Kv‡jv n‡q hv‡”Q| DcK‚‡ji evZvm‡K welv³ K‡i Zyj‡Q
M¨vm wmwjÛv‡ii mvjdvi, bvB‡U«v‡Rb| cÖvwY‰ewP‡Z¨i
Aw¯—‡Z¡i Ici ûgwK n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q
cÖwZwbqZ
evZv‡m wgwkÖZ Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, hv hvi cÖfve ïay
KY©dzjx bq, jv‡Mvqv Lvj¸‡jv‡ZI G‡m c‡o‡Q|
mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q, KY©dyjx b`xi AvZ¥‡kvab MwZI (†mî
wK¬wbs f¨v‡jvwmwU) b`xi cvwb‡K weï× Ki‡Z AvR e¨_©
wkíe‡R©¨i fqven G `~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y| G Ae¯’vq KY©dzjxi
cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY cÖvq k~‡b¨i
KvQvKvwQ bvgvi Dcµg| ZvB GK Kv‡ji Avkxe©v`
HwZn¨evnx KY©dzjx AvR †hb bMievmxi Rb¨ Awfkvc n‡q
IV‡Q| d‡j KY©dzjxi cvwb‡Z AvR gvQ ev RjR cÖvYxi
Aw¯—Z¡ ûgwKi gy‡L c‡o‡Q| Ggb Ae¯’v †_‡K GB mgy`ª
I b`x jv‡Mvqv kn‡ii `vwqZ¡kxj wn‡m‡e Pwm‡Ki A‡bK
wKQzB KiYxq i‡q‡Q| hv Avgiv PwmK †_‡K ¸i“Z¡mnKv‡i
cwiKwíZfv‡e Ki‡Z PvB| G‡¶‡Î we‡klÁ‡`i civgk© wb‡q
mgq‡cv‡hvMx e¨e¯’v MÖnYB mg‡qi `vex|
Lvj I b`x cybtLbb Ges b`x kvm‡bi Rb¨ cwiKwíZfv‡e
†W«wRs Kiv n‡j b`xi ¯^vfvweK cvwbcÖevn wd‡i Avm‡e,
hv b`x`~lY †iv‡a mnvqK n‡e| b`xi cvwb`~l‡Yi nvZ †_‡K
i¶v †c‡Z Iqvmvi my¨qv‡iR wbM©gbmn b`b`xi cvwb‡Z me
ai‡bi KwVb, M„n¯’vwj I m¨vwbUvwi e‡R©¨i wgkÖY †iva
Ki‡Z n‡e| b`x Zx‡i wkí-KviLvbv wbg©vY eÜ Kivmn wkíKviLvbvi ivmvqwbK I U¨vbvwi eR©¨ cwi‡kvab eva¨Zvg~jK
K‡i Gi wbivc` AcmviY wbwðZ Kiv we‡kl Ri“wi| b`x I
mgy‡`ªi cv‡o RvnvRfvOv wkí, jÂ, w÷gvi wbg©vY I
†givgZKv‡j b`x ev mgy‡`ªi cvwb‡Z KviLvbvi ˆZjv³ e‡R©¨i
wgkÖY cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j b`x`~lY A‡bKvs‡k n«vm
cv‡e| cwi‡ek AvB‡bi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM wbwðZ Kivmn b`x
`Lj I b`x `~lYKvix‡`i wei“‡× AvBbvbyM kvw¯Íg~jK e¨e¯’v
wbwðZ Kiv Avek¨K|
Lvevi cvwb msKU mgvav‡b :
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 12
bvbv `~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y †`‡ki gvbyl ïay f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi Ici
wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o‡Q| †`kRy‡o miKvwi I e¨w³ gvwjKvbvq
wbqš¿Ynxbfv‡e emv‡bv n‡”Q Mfxi bjK~c| D‡Ëvjb Kiv
n‡”Q wecyj cwigvY f~Mf©¯’ cvwb| K…wlKv‡R e¨envi Kiv
n‡”Q G cvwb| d‡j f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯^íZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|
cÖwZ eQi f~-Af¨š—i cvwbi ¯—i 1 †_‡K 3 wgUvi wb‡P
†b‡g hv‡”Q| Gfv‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡j fwel¨‡Z Avi f~M‡f©I cvwb
cvIqv hv‡e bv| †`Lv †`‡e fqven cvwb m¼U| Ggwb‡Z
PÆMÖvg Iqvmv bMievmxi cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb mieivn
w`‡Z `xN©w`‡bI bvbv m¼U I mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y mdj
nqwb| Z`ycwi KY©dzjx b`x I Lvj¸‡jvi Ki“Y `kv, Rjvavi`xwN-cyKzi fivU n‡q gvby‡li †h ˆbwgwËK cvwb m¼U Zv
†iv‡aI Pwm‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M bvbv Kg©cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvRb, hv
wbwðZ Ki‡Z Avgiv e× cwiKi|
Iqvmv Dbœqb I cvwbi ch©vßZv :
*
*
cvD‡ev Gi AvIZvq mKj Iqvmvi U¨vs‡Ki cvwb
RxevYygy³Ki‡Yi bZzb c×wZ ¯’vcbv, U¨vsK ms¯‹iY,
cvwbi jvBb ms¯‹iY I ewa©ZKiY, PÆMÖvg wmwU
K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Aax‡b AZ¨vaywbK c×wZ‡Z bZzb cvwb
mieiv‡ni D‡`¨vMxKiY hv‡Z PÆMÖvgevmxi cvwbi
Pvwn`v cwic~Y©fv‡e c~iY nq|
KY©dzjx I nvj`v Avgv‡`i my‡cq cvwbi g~j Drm|
KY©dzjx I nvj`vi i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi cwiKwíZ e¨e¯’v †bIqv
n‡e|
KY©dzjx euvPvb †`k euvPvb :
Avcbviv Rv‡bb, nvRvi eQ‡ii ¯§„wZevnx kni PÆMÖv‡gi
†MvovcËb n‡q‡Q KY©dzjx b`x‡K wN‡i| G b`x‡K †K›`ª
K‡iB M‡o I‡V bMi mf¨Zv| G Kvi‡Y PÆMÖv‡gi BwZnvmHwZ‡n¨i cÖavb ¯§viK wn‡m‡e Kv‡ji mv¶x n‡q Av‡Q G
b`x| Gi ey‡K VuvB wb‡q‡Q †`‡ki Avg`vwb-ißvwb
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 13
evwY‡R¨i cÖavb †K›`ª ÔPÆMÖvg e›`iÕ| e›`i ïay
PÆMÖv‡gi bq, mg…× Ki‡Q †`‡ki A_©bxwZ|
PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii AvbyôvwbK hvÎvi cÖvq 128 eQi AwZµg
Ki‡jI ZviI nvRvi eQi Av‡M cÖvK…wZKfv‡e G e›`‡ii
†MvovcËb nq| Be‡b eZyZv I gv‡K©v †cv‡jvmn we‡k¦i
bvgKiv cwieªvR‡Ki ågY Kvwnbx‡ZI ZrKvjxb PÆMÖvg
e›`‡ii Aw¯—Z¡ dz‡U D‡V| HwZnvwmK‡`i g‡Z, PÆMÖvg
GKwU cÖvK…wZK e›`i| KY©dzjx b`xi cÖvK…wZK
ˆewkó¨ G‡K e›`i wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q| weªwUkivB
cÖ_g G e›`i‡K wewae× KvVv‡gvi AvIZvq G‡b‡Q|
iƒcbvivqY b`xi cwðg Zx‡i eZ©gvb cwðge‡½i †gw`bxcyi
†Rjvi wek¦L¨vZ cÖvPxb Zvgªwjß ev ZgjyK e›`i
cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y A-bve¨Zv mgm¨vi Ke‡j co‡j c~e©
fvi‡Zi cY¨ ißvwbi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi myweav‡_© weKí e›`i
wn‡m‡e AvbygvwbK mßg kZvãx †_‡K PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii
e¨envi ïi“ nq| evsjv I Avmv‡gi †h †Kvb RvqMvq b`x c‡_
GB e›`i †_‡K cY¨ Avbv †bIqv cÖvK…wZK myweav wQj|
BwZnvmwe`‡`i g‡Z, Bs‡iR kvm‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K Bs‡iR I
†`kxq e¨emvqxiv evwl©K GK UvKv †mjvwgi wewbg‡q
wbR e¨‡q KY©dzjx b`x‡Z Kv‡Vi †RwU wbg©vY K‡ib| c‡i
1860 wLª÷v‡ã cÖ_g `ywU A¯’vqx †RwU wbwg©Z nq|
1888 wLª÷v‡ã PÆMÖvg e›`‡i `ywU gywis †RwU
wbwg©Z nq| 1888 wLª÷v‡ãi 25 GwcÖj PÆMÖvg †cvU©
Kwgkbvi Kvh©Ki nq| 1899-1910 mv‡ji g‡a¨ PÆMÖvg
†cvU© Kwgkbvi I Avmvg †e½j †ijI‡q hy³fv‡e PviwU ¯’vqx
†RwU wbg©vY K‡i| 1910 mv‡j PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii mv‡_
†ijI‡qi ms‡hvM mvwaZ nq| 1926 mv‡j PÆMÖvg e›`i‡K
Ô†gRi †cvU©Õ †NvlYv Kiv nq| cvwK¯—vb Avg‡j 1960
wLª÷v‡ãi RyjvB gv‡m PÆMÖvg †cvU© Kwgkbvi‡K
PÆMÖvg †cvU© Uªv÷-G cwiYZ Kiv nq| ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x
1976 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m PÆMÖvg †cvU© Uªv÷‡K
PÆMÖvg †cvU© A_wiwU‡Z cwiYZ Kiv nq|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 14
wLª÷c~e© mv‡o 300 eQi Av‡M wMÖm †iK‡W© G e›`‡ii
Aw¯—Z¡ cvIqv hvq| Avh© hy‡M BD‡ivcxq ewYKiv
KY©dyjx †gvnbvq e¨emv-evwYR¨ Ki‡Zb| Be‡beZyZv G
e›`i‡K †kUMvO (M½vi AeevwnKv) wn‡m‡e D‡j­L K‡ib|
Avie I B‡q‡gwb ewYKiv G e›`i w`‡q c~e©cÖv‡P¨
evwYR¨ Ki‡Zb| cZ©yMxRiv e›`iwUi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb
†cvU© MÖv‡Û|
mgvR weÁvbx‡`i g‡Z, Be‡b eZyZv Ges gv‡K©v †cv‡jvi
ågY Kvwnbx‡Z †ewi‡q G‡m‡Q PÆMÖvg bM‡ii K_v|
ZuvivI e‡j‡Qb, ZLb PÆMÖvg kni wQj ewa©òz GjvKv|
gv‡K©v †cv‡jv Zvi PvPv wb‡KvjvB †cv‡jv‡K wb‡q
G‡mwQ‡jb| gv‡K©vi ågY Kvwnbx cÖKvk nIqvi ci
PÆMÖv‡gi m‡½ BD‡iv‡ci †bŠ-evwYR¨ †e‡o hvq| fv‡¯‹v
`v Mvgv PÆMÖvg G‡mwQ‡jb cZ©ywMR‡`i n‡q| Zvi
åg‡Yi ci PÆMÖvg n‡q I‡V e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i †K›`ªwe›`y|
eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki Avg`vwb-ißvwbi kZKiv 85 fvMB PÆMÖvg
e›`i Z_v KY©dyjxi gva¨‡g nq|
eQ‡i cÖvq AvovB nvRvi RvnvR G e›`‡i wf‡o| KY©dyjxi
mv‡_ e‡½vcmvM‡ii ms‡hvMwU †`‡ki cÖvYcÖevn
wnmv‡e ¯^xK…Z| †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq cÖe„w×i nvi
(wRwWwc) †hLv‡b 6 †_‡K 7 kZvsk, †mLv‡b PÆMÖvg
e›`‡ii K‡›UBbvi n¨vÛwjs‡qi cÖe„w×i nvi 21 kZvsk| †`‡ki
Avg`vwb-ißvwbi 92 kZvsk cwievwnZ nq G e›`‡ii gva¨‡g|
cÖwZeQ‡iB e›`‡i Kv‡M©v n¨vÛwjs evo‡Q|
KY©dyjx‡K wN‡i PÆMÖv‡g RvnvR wbg©vY wk‡íi
†MvovcËb nq mycÖvPxb Kv‡j| PÆMÖv‡g wbwg©Z
RvnvR †hZ BD‡iv‡ci evRv‡i| Puv` mI`vMi wQ‡jb IB mgq
PÆMÖvg †_‡K Ab¨Zg RvnvR ißvwbKviK| mv¤cÖwZK
eQi¸‡jvq PÆMÖvg †_‡K RvnvR ißvwbi †mB HwZn¨
Avevi wd‡i G‡m‡Q| KY©dyjx ïay PÆMÖv‡gi cÖvY bq,
†`‡ki ü`wcÊ| KY©dyjxi Ae`v‡b PÆMÖv‡g e›`i n‡q‡Q,
wkívqb n‡q‡Q| RvnvR wbg©vY wk‡íI cÖavb f~wgKv
ivL‡Q KY©dyjx| G b`xi MwZcÖevn wewNœZ n‡j †`‡ki
A_©bxwZ c½y n‡q hv‡e| ZvB G b`x‡K iÿvq Pwm‡KiI
we‡kl `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q| weMZ †hŠebv KY©dzjx‡K `Lj Avi
`~l‡Yi nvZ †_‡K euvPv‡Z wb‡Z n‡e Riæwi e¨e¯’v| b`xi
bve¨Zv wdwi‡q G‡b ¯^vfvweK cvwbcÖevn a‡i ivL‡Z
b`xfvOb I b`x fivU †iva Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avgiv cwiKwíZfv‡e PÆMÖvg e›`i KZ…©c¶ (PeK)mn
mswk-ó‡`i wb‡q RvZxq ¯^v‡_©B KY©dzjx‡K i¶v Ki‡Z
PvB| Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi, KY©dzjx euvP‡j e›`i euvP‡e, e›`i
euvP‡j euvP‡e †`k|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 15
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 16
wk¶vi cÖmvi :
wk¶v gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b
cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki wk¶v cvIqvi AwaKvi‡K †gŠwjK
AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| RvwZi A_©‰bwZK
gyw³i Rb¨ GKwU wkw¶Z Rb‡Mvôx AZ¨š— Acwinvh©|
PÆMÖv‡g RbmsL¨vi Zzjbvq wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi msL¨v
LyeB AcÖZzj| †ek K‡qKeQi a‡i GLv‡b gvbm¤§Z ch©vß
wk¶v cÖwZôvb M‡o D‡Vwb| G Kvi‡Y mš—vb‡`i fv‡jv
¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv‡bv wb‡q AwffveKiv `ywðš—vq _v‡Kb|
Avevi `wi`ª cwievi¸‡jvi c‡¶ mš—vb‡`i †jLvcov Kiv‡bv
m¤¢e n‡q DV‡Q bv| RxebhvÎvi mv‡_ wk¶ve¨q e„w×I Gi
Ab¨Zg KviY| wk¶vi GB msKU wbimb K‡i bMievmx‡K
`ywðš—v †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z cv‡i PwmK| bM‡i wk¶vi
cÖmv‡i eZ©gvb wk¶v wefv‡Mi cwiwa AviI e„w× Kiv, ¯^í
Li‡P bMievmx Zv‡`i mš—vb‡`i Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi wk¶v
cÖwZôv‡b cov‡Z cvivi Rb¨ Avgiv D‡`¨vM †be|
wk¶vi cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ :
(K) wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi wcÖwgqvi wek¦we`¨vj‡q GKwU
cwic~Y© weÁvb d¨vKvwë cÖwZôv K‡i imvqb,
MwYZ, c`v_© weÁvb, RxeweÁvb, †fŠZ weÁvb,
cwimsL¨vb, dv‡g©mx, cvewjK †nj_, bvwm©s
we.Gmwm BZ¨vw` wefvM †Lvjv n‡e| eZ©gv‡b
cÖ‡KŠk‡j `yÕwU wefvM B‡jw±«K GÊ B‡j±«wb·
BwÄwbqvwis I Kw¤úDUvi mv‡qÝ BwÄwbqvwis
i‡q‡Q| hy³ Kiv n‡e AvwK©‡UKPvi, wmwfj
BwÄwbqvwis I †KwgK¨vj BwÄwbqvwis wefvM|
wcÖwgqvi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ Pjgvb ¯’vqx K¨v¤úvm
`ª“Z wbg©vY †kl Kiv n‡e|
(L) cÖv_wgK wk¶vi cwiwa evov‡bvi Rb¨ bM‡i Aš—Z
AviI 30wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e|
cÖwZwôZ cÖv_wgK ¯‹yj¸‡jvi cwiwaI evov‡bv n‡e|
(M) wbæweË I wQbœg~j myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi
wk¶vi my‡hvM evov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZwU Iqv‡W©
GKwU K‡i ˆbk we`¨vjq cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e|
(N) †eKvi‡Z¡i Awfkvc †_‡K bM‡i emevmKvix bZyb
cÖRb¥‡K gyw³ †`Iqvi Rb¨ 20wU KvwiMwi wk¶v
cÖwZôvb cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e, hv wkíqv‡b cÖhyw³MZ
mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e Ges GKwU `¶ Rbkw³ m…wó
Ki‡e| KvwiMwi wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z hy‡Mvc‡hvMx
wewfbœ †Kvm© †Lvjv n‡e| †eKvi Zi“Y-Zi“Yxiv
¯^íe¨‡q †mme †Kvm© K‡i wb‡R‡`i †eKviZ¡
NyPv‡bvi my‡hvM cv‡e|
(O) bMixi Pvwn`v c~i‡Y AviI Aš—Z 20wU gva¨wgK
we`¨vjq cÖwZôv Ges Aš—Z 10wU ¯‹zj‡K K‡j‡R
DbœxZ Kiv n‡e| Gme wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b wk¶K
wb‡qvM I Zv‡`i cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g gvbm¤§Z wk¶v
wbwðZ Kivi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e| wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi
Aaxb _vKv wk¶K cÖwk¶Y †K›`ªwU mPj Kiv n‡e|
†mwU‡K RvZxq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Awafzw³i gva¨‡g
weGW I Gg.GW †Kvm© Pvjy Kiv n‡e|
wk¶vcÖwZôvb¸‡jvi
we`¨gvb
Avevmb
mgm¨v
wbim‡bi j‡¶¨ ch©vß QvÎvevm I QvÎx wbevm Pvjy Kiv
n‡e| wbwðZ Kiv n‡e AvaywbK me my‡hvMPwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 17
(P)
(Q)
(S)
(T)
myweav| miKvwi ¯^bvgab¨ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi mgK¶
n‡q DV‡e Pwm‡Ki wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv|
ew¯—evmx wQbœg~j wkï‡`i wk¶vi my‡hvM m…wói
j‡¶¨ 50wU Dc-AvbyôvwbK (w`ev) we`¨vjq cÖwZôv
Kiv n‡e| wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb cwiPvwjZ mKj gva¨wgK I
cÖv_wgK wk¶vqZ‡b bvix wk¶v A‰eZwbK Kiv n‡e|
GwZgLvbv I Abv_kª‡g emevmKvix Aa¨qbiZ QvÎQvÎx‡`i Rb¨ (A‰eZwbK) e…wËg~jK KvwiMwi wk¶v
cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY I Zv‡`i A‰eZwbK Kw¤úDUvi
wk¶v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
bM‡i emevmKvix cÖwZwU wkïi cÖv_wgK wk¶v
wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ Ki‡cv‡ikb cwiPvwjZ cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z ÔwgW-†W wgjÕ Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g
`ycy‡ii Lvev‡ii e¨e¯’v †bIqv n‡e|
wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R Kg©iZ A¯’vqx wk¶K‡`i
PvKwi ¯’vqxKiY, wk¶K msKU wbim‡b bZzb K‡i `ª“Z
wk¶K wb‡qvM Ges Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡`i b¨vh¨
`vwe c~iY Kiv n‡e|
wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K wWwRUvj c×wZi AvIZvq
wb‡q Avmv n‡e| G Rb¨ cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z j¨vcUc
cÖ`vb Ges wWwRUvj c×wZ‡Z K¬vm Pvjyi D‡`¨vM
†bIqv n‡e|
cÖhyw³i m¤cÖmviY I Dbœqb :
*
*
wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Aax‡b mKj Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs-G
AZ¨vaywbK cÖhyw³i kvLv ¯’vcb I cÖwZôv‡bi
m¤cÖmviY|
AZ¨vaywbK cÖhyw³i BKzBc‡g›Um ¯’vcbKiY| `¶ I
AwfÁ cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qv‡Mi Øviv †Uªwbs‡qi e¨e¯’vKiY
hv‡Z wk¶v_©xiv N‡i e‡m DcvR©b Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 18
*
wbgœewY©Z
AZ¨vaywbK
cÖhyw³
kvLvmg~n
PÆMÖvg wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Aax‡b Pvjy Kivi
D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e :
# Outsourcing & Internet Marketing (SEO)
# Making Money with Affiliate Marketing.
# Responsive Web Design and Development.
# Advance course on OOP in PHP and Codeigniter
# Wordpress Development
# Android Application Development
# Software Development (C #. Net)
# Graphics Design
# MS Office Profession
# Diploma in Web Development (DWD)
*
D³ †Kvm©¸‡jvi †h †Kv‡bv GKUv‡Z `¶Zv AR©‡bi
gva¨‡g GKRb wk¶v_©x Zvi †eKviZ¡ `~i K‡i Rxe‡b
mdjZvi wmuwoi mÜvb cv‡e|
wk¶v e¨e¯’vi m¤cÖmviY :
*
*
mKj wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b `¶ I AwfÁ wk¶K wb‡qvM,
Bbdi‡gkb †UK‡bvjwR †Uªwbs wefvM, †Ljvayjv
cÖwk¶Y wefvM, wPwKrmv wefvM †Lvjv n‡e|
`wi`ª wk¶v_©x‡`i webv‡eZ‡b Aa¨qb I gvwmK fvZvi
e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e| †gavex wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ e„wË
cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g †jLvcovq AbycÖvwYZ Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiv
n‡e|
GwZg‡`i mye¨e¯’v
*
PÆMÖv‡g Ach©vß miKvwi/†emiKvwi GwZgLvbv I
mxwgZ Avmb msL¨vi Kvi‡Y cÖPzi †gavex GwZg
Zv‡`i fwel¨r m¤¢vebv †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q| PÆMÖvg
wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Aax‡b GwZgLvbvi ¯’vcbv/Avmb
ewa©ZKiY Kiv n‡e| hv‡Z Zv‡`i myß cÖwZfv weKwkZ
n‡Z cv‡i|
¯^v¯’¨ myi¶v :
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 19
¯^v¯’¨B m¤ú`| wk¶v I ¯^v‡¯’¨B cwic~Y© gvbyl| ¯^v¯’¨ewÂZ gvby‡li c‡ÿ †Kvb wKQyB Kiv m¤¢e bq| evsjv‡`‡k
wek¦ ms¯’vi wn‡me g‡Z cÖvq 50% kZvsk wkï Rb¥MÖnY
K‡i Acywó wb‡q| gv‡q‡`i g‡a¨ cÖvq 50% kZvsk
cÖm~wZKvjxb mg‡q _v‡Kb Acywói wkKvi| †`‡k GB `…k¨
weij bq †h, 17/18 eQ‡ii †Q‡j †g‡q‡K Acywói Kvi‡Y 12/13
eQ‡ii †Q‡j-†g‡q e‡j g‡b nq| GKwU mgv‡Ri bvMwi‡Ki
wekvj Ask hw` ¯^v¯’¨nxb nq Zvn‡j †m mgv‡Ri c‡¶ KL‡bv
Kg©¶g I m…Rbkxj nIqv m¤¢eci bq| †m-mgvR
¯^vfvweKfv‡e cðvrc` †_‡K hvq| ZvB mgvR I iv‡óªi
mg…w× Avb‡Z n‡j cÖwZwU bvMwiK‡K ¯^v¯’¨-Hk¦‡h©¨i
AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e, Zv‡`i Kg©¶g n‡Z n‡e| G Kvi‡Y ¯^v¯’¨
myi¶v‡K Ab¨Zg g~j j¶¨ wn‡m‡e Avgiv ¸i“Z¡ w`e|
(K) bMixi 41wU Iqv‡W©i cÖwZwU‡Z Aš—Z 5wU K‡i
KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK
Pvjy
Kiv
n‡e|
IB
wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z webvg~‡j¨ we‡klÁ wPwKrmK‡`i
gva¨‡g wPwKrmv †mev †`Iqv n‡e|
(L) †ggb gvZ…m`b nvmcvZvj‡K 300 kh¨vq DbœxZ Kiv
n‡e| gvZ…m`b nvmcvZvj‡K †h myweavi AvIZvq
ivLv n‡e Zv n‡jv-m¤ú~Y© kxZvZc wbqwš¿Z
AvaywbK Acv‡ikb w_‡qUvi Pvjy Kiv, kxZvZc
wbqwš¿Z †Kweb I mvaviY †Kweb, wUKv`vb
Kg©m~wP, cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©m~wP, †ivM
wbY©‡qi e¨e¯’v, Bgv‡R©wÝ I ewnwe©fvM Pvjy
ivLv| GQvovI wkï BbwKD‡eUi, †beyjvBRvi, G·-‡i I
KvwW©qvK gwbUwis Gi myweav _vK‡e| Gm‡ei
cwiPvjbvq D”P cÖwk¶YcÖvß Wv³vi, bvm© I
cÖ‡qvRbxq †jvKej ivLv n‡e|
(L) eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k gvZ…g…Zy¨i nvi LyeB †ewk,
cÖwZ nvRv‡i cÖvq cuwPk Rb| GB nvi A‡bK DbœZ
†`‡k cÖvq Ô0Õ kZvsk| ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi gva¨‡g GB
gvZ…g„Zy¨ nvi Ô0Õ Gi †KvUvq bvwg‡q Avbvi †Póv
Kiv n‡e| Gi Rb¨ AviI GKvwaK gvZ…m`b cÖwZôvi
D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡e|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 20
(M) eZ©gv‡b wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi Aaxb cwiPvwjZ
nvmcvZvj¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi AeKvVv‡gvMZ cwiwa
evwo‡q 100 kh¨vq DbœxZ Kiv n‡e| kªgRxex
gwnjv‡`i wPwKrmv cÖ`v‡bi ˆeKvwjK gvZ…‡mev
m¤úªmvwiZ Kiv n‡e|
(N) PÆMÖvg gnvbM‡ii ew¯— GjvKvq gv I wkïi
g…Zy¨nvi Kwg‡q Avbvi j‡¶¨ GKwU we‡kl cÖKí
†bIqv n‡e| GB cÖK‡í cÖm~wZ-gv I wkï‡K i¶vi Rb¨
_vK‡e wgwb Acv‡ikb w_‡qUvi, Aw·‡Rb wmwjÛvi,
gwnjv Wv³vi, bvm©/avÎx mgš^‡q 2wU AZ¨vaywbK
A¨v¤^y‡jÝ| †Kv‡bv ew¯—‡Z †Kvb gv‡qi cÖme
†e`bvi Lei cvIqvi m‡½ m‡½ GB †mev ev A¨v¤^y‡jÝ
†cuŠ‡Q hv‡e †mLv‡b| G ai‡bi Aš—Z 10wU wUg
MV‡bi cwiKíbv i‡q‡Q|
(O) wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi ZË¡veav‡b me ai‡bi †iv‡Mi
wPwKrmvi Rb¨ e…nr †Kv‡bv nvmcvZvj †bB| GB
Afve `~i Kivi Rb¨ Aš—Z 300 kh¨v wewkó GKwU
†gwWK¨vj K‡jR I nvmcvZvj Ges GKwU †Rbv‡ij
nvmcvZvj cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e|
GQvovI `~iv‡ivM¨ e¨vwa K¨vÝv‡ii wPwKrmvq GKwU
we‡klvwqZ nvmcvZvj cÖwZôv, Ô†iW KvW©Õ
w¯‹‡gi AvIZvq bMix‡Z emevmiZ `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx‡K
cÖ‡Z¨K GjvKvq I gnjvq webvg~‡j¨ wPwKrmv †mev I
cÖ‡qvRbxq Jla cÖ`vb, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i ¯^v¯’¨
m‡PbZv e…w×i j‡¶¨ Ô¯‹yj-†nj_Õ †PK-Avc mvwf©m
cÖKí Pvjy Kivi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
(P) wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb cwiPvwjZ wcÖwgqvi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
Aax‡b weGmwm bvwm©s Bbw÷wUDU cÖwZôvi
D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
Acwi”Qbœ cwi‡e‡k GKwU cÖRb¥ my¯’fv‡e †e‡o DV‡Z
cv‡i bv| wKš‘ cwiZv‡ci welq, bMixi iv¯—v-NvU, cvovgnj-v †_‡K ïi“ K‡i cÖvq me©ÎB GLb gqjv-AveR©bv
Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _v‡K| kniRy‡oB AveR©bvi ¯—~c,
kniwUB †hb gqjvi fvMvo| Pviw`‡K DrKU `yM©Ü, Amn¨
cwi‡ek| G ai‡bi Acwi”Qbœ cwi‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y bMievmx I
Zv‡`i mš—vbiv bvbv ai‡bi †iv‡M Avµvš— nb|
bMievmx‡K GB `ytmn Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q cwi®‹vicwi”Qbœ kni wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kiv n‡e PÆMÖvg‡K| G
Rb¨ :
(K) †m›Uªvj my¨vqv‡iR cvBc jvBb ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g
AvÛviMÖvDÛ
my¨vqv‡iR
U¨v¼
¯’vcb
K‡i
cqtwb®‹vk‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e, hv‡Z cqteR©¨ Lv‡j
wM‡q bv wg‡k, Avjv`v cvBc jvB‡bi gva¨‡g wbw`©ó
¯’v‡b Zv †djv hvq| cwiKwíZ I ˆeÁvwbK wfwˇZ
eR©¨ †_‡K ev‡qvM¨vm Drcv`b c­¨v›U ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e|
(L) IqvW©wfwËK †Rvb fvM K‡i cÖwZwU cvov-gnj-vq
cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx AvaywbK XvKbvmn Wv÷web
¯’vcb
Kiv
n‡e|
cÖwZw`‡bi
gqjv-AveR©bv
cÖwZw`bB Acmvi‡Yi e¨e¯’v †bIqv n‡e| G Rb¨
wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi gqjvevnx Mvwoi msL¨v I Rbej
e„w× Kiv n‡e|
(M) wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b AveR©bv †djv I wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨
Zvi AcmviY e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
(N) cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivL‡Z cy‡iv kni‡K
AvaywbK eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi AvIZvq G‡b Kg©cwiKíbv
ev¯—evqb Kiv n‡e|
cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv wbwðZKiY :
*
cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvB GKwU kn‡ii cÖavb iƒc| Acwi®‹viAcwi”Qbœ cwi‡ek bMievmxi ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ AZ¨š— ¶wZKi|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 21
RxevYygy³ cwi”Qbœ PÆj ev¯—evqb :
PÆMÖv‡gi iv¯—vNvU, bvjv-b`©gv, PjvP‡ji dzUcvZ
BZ¨vw`i Acwi”QbœZv RxevYy Qov‡bvi gyL¨ KviY| GB
mKj LvZ cwi”Qbœ I RxevYygy³ Kivi Rb¨ AZ¨vaywbK
†gwk‡bi e¨e¯’vKiY Kiv n‡e|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 22
wWwRUvj PÆMÖvg :
eZ©gvb hyM wek¦vq‡bi hyM| Z_¨ cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g we‡k¦i
wewfbœ †`k `ª“Z GwM‡q hv‡”Q| Z_¨-cÖhyw³ wekvj
c„w_ex‡K AvR GKwU ˆewk¦K MÖv‡g cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|
†`k‡K ZvB G‡Mv‡Z n‡j Áv‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Z_¨-cÖhyw³i
cÖ‡qvM NUv‡Z n‡e| wWwRUvj evsjv‡`‡ki A_©B nj
cÖhyw³Ávb mg„× evsjv‡`k| GB Áv‡bi we¯—vi wbf©i
Ki‡Q Z‡_¨i we¯—vi I cÖmviZvi Dci| PÆMÖvg‡K
wWwRUvj c×wZi AvIZvq wb‡q Avm‡Z|
(K) bvMwiK my‡hvM-myweav mgš^‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kj‡m›Uvi
¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g ÔIqvb÷cÕ myweav wbwðZKiY Ges
†gvevBj cwi”QbZv wU‡gi gva¨‡g `ª“Z Awf‡hvM
wb®úwËKi‡Yi e¨e¯’v †bIqv n‡e|
(L) wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi Kg©Kv‡Êi AvaywbKvqb I Zvi
Revew`wnZv eRvq ivL‡Z K‡c©v‡ikb‡K B-Mf©‡bm
w¯‹‡gi AvIZvq G‡b Pjgvb A‡Uv‡gkb cÖKí `ª“Z
ev¯—evq‡bi e¨e¯’v †bIqv n‡e|
(M) `ª“Z wWwRUvj mv‡f© w¯‹g ev¯—evqb K‡i bMixi
cÖwZwU IqvW©mn ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’v‡b Z_¨ †W¯‹ ¯’vcb
Kiv n‡e|
(N) bMievmxi Ki cÖ`vb, wej cÖ`vb I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvMmyweav wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ô¯§vU© KvW©Õ w¯‹g
ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡e| ¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z B-†nj_ ev B†mev Pvjy Kiv n‡e|
(O) cy‡iv kn‡iB IqvB-dvB †Rv‡bi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmvi
D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
hvZvqvZ I cwienb e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb :
†h †Kvb bM‡ii bvMwiK myweavi wfwË n‡jv †mB bM‡ii
cÖk¯— moK, dyUcvZ, Av”Qvw`Z/Abv”Qvw`Z bvjv-b`©gv,
†W«b, Lvj BZ¨vw`| bvMwiK myweav e…w×i Rb¨ GB
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 23
AeKvVv‡gv¸‡jv cÖmvwiZ I ms¯‹vi Kiv nq, AvqZ‡bI
evov‡bv nq| bMi cwiKíbvwe`MY g‡b K‡ib, cÖwZwU
bMixi Aš—Z 25% iv¯—vNvU wn‡m‡e _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
GKwU kn‡ii AvwfRvZ¨ wbf©i K‡i †mB kniwUi MYcwienb
e¨e¯’v KZUv DbœZ Zvi Ici| we‡k¦i DbœZ I
†gMvwmwU¸‡jvi Af¨š—ixY cwienb e¨e¯’v AZ¨š— DbœZ|
†h kn‡ii MYcwienb e¨e¯’v hZUv DbœZ, †m kn‡ii
Rxebhvcb ZZUv MwZkxj|
wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b PÆMÖvg kn‡ii A‡bK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© moKB
AcÖk¯—| G Kvi‡Y GLv‡b hvbRUI ˆbZ¨‰bwgwËK n‡q
`uvwo‡q‡Q| G‡Z bMievmxi g~j¨evb Kg©NÈv AcPq n‡”Q|
PÆMÖvg kn‡i ÔevBcvm moKÕ bv _vKvq Af¨š—ixY
i“U¸‡jv‡Z `~icvj­vi ev wbw`©ó Mš—‡e¨i Mvwo PjvPj K‡i|
G‡Z NÈvi ci NÈv hvbR‡Ui Kvi‡Y Pig `y‡f©v‡M co‡Z
n‡”Q bMievmx‡K|
`yt‡Li mv‡_ ej‡Z nq, PÆMÖvg kn‡ii MYcwienb e¨e¯’v
AZ¨š— bvRyK| bvMwiK †mevi cÖavb cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e
PÆMÖvg wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb‡K G Lv‡Z f‚wgKv ivLv `iKvi|
G mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ :
(K) cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx moK¸‡jv‡K cÖk¯— Kiv n‡e|
KY©dzjx Z…Zxq †mZy †_‡K ïi“ nIqv AvDUvi wis
†ivWwU n‡e GB kn‡i `w¶Yfv‡M evBcvm| †m Kvi‡Y
GB moKwU KvjyNvU †mZz n‡q kvn AvgvbZ
wegvbe›`i ch©š— `ª“Z †kl Kivi D‡`¨vM †bIqv|
(L) moK ms¯‹vi Ges cÖwZwU mo‡K moK evwZ wbwðZ
Kiv n‡e| Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi we`y¨rwej mvkª‡qi Rb¨ moK
evwZ¸‡jv‡K †mŠiwe`y¨‡Zi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmv n‡e|
†mŠi c¨v‡bj ewm‡q moKevwZ R¡vjv‡bv wbwðZ Kiv|
(M) iv¯—vi `yBcv‡k ch©vß dzUcv‡Zi e¨e¯’v I wWfvBWvi
wbwðZ Kiv|
(N) ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mo‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq me¯’v‡b dzU IfviweªR
wbg©vY|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 24
(O) Rbeûj gv‡K©‡Ui mvg‡b eûZj wewkó cvwK©s †c­m
wbg©vY|
(P) UªvwdK wmMb¨vwjs e¨e¯’vi AvaywbKvq‡b cywjk
cÖkvm‡bi mv‡_ mgš^q Kiv n‡e|
PÆMÖvg‡K †gMvwmwUi gv‡b DbœxZ Ki‡Z PvB‡j GB
kn‡ii Af¨š—ixY hvZvqvZ I cwienb e¨e¯’vi AvaywbKvqb
Ri“wi|
G Rb¨ :
(K) bMixi moK cÖk¯— K‡i Af¨š—ixY i“‡U PjvPjKvix
ev‡mi msL¨v evov‡bvi gva¨‡g bvMwiK‡`i Pvwn`v
c~iY Kiv n‡e| gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ ivLv n‡e c„_K evm
mvwf©m I bZzb K‡i bvgv‡bv n‡e Gwm evm|
(L) cÖ‡qvR‡b Abyhvqx U¨vw·-U¨vw· K¨ve, †U¤úy, evmwgwbevm bvgv‡bvi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e| cÖwZwU
÷‡c‡R wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi D‡`¨v‡M hvÎx QvDwb
wbg©vY Kiv n‡e|
(M) eZ©gv‡b eûj Av‡jvwPZ Ôe¨vUvwiPvwjZ wiKkvÕ
cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wK †bB †m wel‡q bMievmxi gZvgZ
†bIqv n‡e| G wiKkvq bMievmx DcK…Z n‡j,
¯^v”Q›`¨‡eva Ki‡j e¨vUvwi wiKkv ¯’vqxfv‡e iv¯—vq
bvgv‡bvi wel‡q mswk­ó miKvwi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi mv‡_
Av‡jvPbvc~e©K jvB‡m‡Ýi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmv n‡e|
Gi PvjK‡`i cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v †bIqv n‡e| bM‡ii
†ewkifvM gvby‡li gZvgZ e¨vUvwiPvwjZ wiKkvi
wei“‡× †M‡j GB †ckvi mv‡_ mswk­ó‡`i Ab¨fv‡e
cybe©vm‡bi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
(M) PÆMÖvg kni‡K AvaywbK ÔKwgDwbwU †UªbÕ
e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ mshyy³ Kiv n‡e| kn‡ii Pvicv‡k evBcvm
i“U Pvjyi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †Uªb PjvP‡ji e¨e¯’v
†bIqv n‡e|
(O) MYcwien‡b hvÎxiv hv‡Z nqivwbi wkKvi bv nb, U¨vw·
hv‡Z wgUvi †g‡b ev b¨vh¨ fvovq PjvPj K‡i Zv
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 25
(P)
(Q)
(R)
(S)
wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi c¶ †_‡K gwbUwis †mj
†Lvjv n‡e|
Pwm‡Ki D‡`¨v‡MB †g‡Uªv †ij cÖKí MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
c‡Z½v n‡Z KvjyiNvU-†evqvjLvjx n‡q g`ybvNvU
ch©š— hvÎx cwien‡b mx UªvK Pvjy Kiv n‡e|
PÆMÖvg-K·evRvi ch©š— `yÕ‡jb wewkó †ij c_
¯’vc‡b mn‡hvwMZv|
PÆMÖvg kvn& AvgvbZ Avš—R©vwZK wegvb
e›`i‡K c~Y©v½ Avš—R©vwZK wegvb e›`i wn‡m‡e
Mo‡Z m¤¢ve¨ me iKg cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv n‡e|
moK I Rbc_ Dbœqb :
*
mo‡Ki AcÖk¯—Zv I Rbc‡_i AcÖZzjZv hvbR‡Ui
Ab¨Zg KviY| PÆMÖv‡gi cÖ‡Z¨KUv IqvW©, gnjvq
mo‡Ki cÖk¯’Zv ewa©ZKiY I ms¯‹vi (hv‡Z
e¨emvqx‡`i myweav/Amyweavi w`‡K j¶¨ †i‡L) Ges
cÖk¯’ Rbc_/dzUcvZ Gi e¨e¯’vKiY)|
c_Pvixi ch©vß myweav :
*
c_Pvix I RbPjvP‡ji ch©vß myweavi j‡¶¨ mo‡Ki
wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡ hvÎx QvDwb I Ifvi weª‡Ri Dbœqb,
ms¯‹iY I ewa©ZKi‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
hvbevn‡bi myk„•LjZv I Dbœqb :
*
Avš—t wmwU hvbevn‡bi Ach©vßZvi Kvi‡Y mvaviY
RbM‡Yi †h `y‡f©vM Zv jvN‡ei j‡¶¨ PÆMÖvg wmwU
K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Aax‡b ¯^í fvovq Avš—t wmwU
mvwf©m Pvjy I ewa©ZKiY e¨e¯’v †bIqv n‡e|
Avevmb msKU wbimb :
cÖwZw`bB bM‡i gvby‡li wfo evo‡Q| bvbv cÖ‡qvR‡b,
Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b, cov‡jLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ G kn‡i Avm‡Q gvbyl| G‡Z
bMixi Avevm‡bi Ici Pvc evo‡Q| cÂvk `k‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a©
PÆMÖvg bMixi RbmsL¨v AvovB jv‡Li †ewk wQj bv|
eZ©gv‡b 60 jvL AwZwµg K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ †m Zzjbvq bMixi
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 26
AvqZb e„w× nqwb| bMix‡Z Avevmb mgm¨v µgk evo‡Q|
bM‡i 70 kZvsk gvbyl emevm Ki‡Qb fvov evwo‡Z| M‡o
D‡V‡Q A‡bK ew¯—, cÂv‡ki `k‡K hv cÖvq wQj bv ej‡jB
P‡j| ZvB Avevmb †KejgvÎ kªgRxexi Rb¨B bq eis wbæweË
I ga¨we‡Ëi Rb¨I GKwU wekvj mgm¨v| GB mgm¨v wbim‡bi
Rb¨ †hme c`‡¶c †bIqv n‡e, Zv n‡jv :
(K) eZ©gv‡b Avevmb cÖKí MÖn‡Yi g‡Zv †h‡nZz
ch©vß RvqMv †bB GB bM‡i †m‡nZz wmwU
Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi Aaxb cwiZ¨³ Ae¯’vq wKsev Kg
¸i“Z¡c~Y©fv‡e e¨eüZ RvqMv wPwýZ K‡i eûZj feb
wbg©vY Kiv n‡e| Gme fe‡bi d¬¨vU mnR k‡Z© I
¯^íg~‡j¨ ga¨weË-wbæga¨weˇ`i g‡a¨ †`Iqv n‡e|
GKB mv‡_ wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix,
Ki‡cv‡ikb wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi wk¶K-wkw¶Kv‡`i Rb¨I
d¬¨vU eivÏ †`Iqv n‡e| Zv‡`i Rb¨ ¯’vqx Avevm‡bi
e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
(L) wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi B‡Zvg‡a¨ †bIqv AvevwmK
cÖKí¸‡jvi MwZnxb `kv †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q bZzb K‡i
AvevwmK Avevmb cÖKí nv‡Z †bIqv n‡e|
cÖKí¸‡jv‡Z bM‡ii Kg©Rxex gvbyl‡`i c­U/d¬¨vU eivÏ
†`Iqv n‡e|
(M) PÆMÖvg e›`i I Bwc‡RWmn Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi KjKviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ kÖwgK‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl my‡hvM
myweav m¤^wjZ †jevi cvK© A_ev AeKvk‡K›`ª ¯’vcb
I Kg©Rxex kÖwgK‡`i Rb¨ wbivc` †nv‡÷j wbg©vY
Kiv n‡e|
(N) bMixi evm¯’vbnxb, `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwôi ¯^v_© we‡ePbv
bv K‡i A‡nZyK AcwiYvg`kx© D‡”Q`g~jK Kvh©Kjv‡ci
e`‡j Kvh©Kix cybe©vmb D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡e|
wQbœg~j, ev¯‘nviv, wbæ Av‡qi nZ`wi`ª gvby‡li
gv_v¸Rvi VuvB‡qi cvkvcvwk Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó‡Z
cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c †bIqv n‡e|
(O) bMixi SyuwKc~Y© cvnv‡oi Xv‡j emevmiZ
bvMwiK‡`i `ª“Z miKvwi Lvm Rwg‡Z evwo ˆZwi K‡i
cybe©vm‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡e, hv‡Z f~wgamcvnvo a‡m Avi g„Zz¨ bv N‡U|
(P) kn‡ii DcK‚jxq ¯’v‡b N~wY©S‡oi SyuwK Gov‡Z
cÖ‡qvRbxq Av‡iv N~wY©So Avkªq †K›`ª ¯’vcb Kiv
n‡e|
(Q) mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g wewfbœ miKvwi I †emiKvwi ms¯’vi
AskMÖn‡Y gv÷vi c­¨vb I wW‡UBj Gwiqv c­¨v‡bi
Av‡jv‡K PÆMÖvg bMix‡K bv›`wbKfv‡e mvRv‡bvi
D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
NbemwZ †iva : wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi AvIZvq Ae¨eüZ
RvqMvmg~‡n eûZj AvevwmK feb wbg©vYKiY I ¯^íg~‡j¨
d¬¨vU mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’vKiY|
(*) PÆMÖvg wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi cwiwa wظYvqb I
ewa©ZKiY|
(*) evm¯’vbnxb‡`i e¨e¯’v : PÆMÖv‡g hviv evm¯’vbnxb,
iv¯—vNv‡U, †÷k‡b, A‰eafv‡e miKvwi RvqMvq I ew¯—
GjvKvq A¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡i, Zv‡`i Rb¨ wmwU
K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Aax‡b Ae¨eüZ RvqMvq ¯’vqx emev‡mi
e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 27
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 28
Awew”Qbœ we`y¨r mieivn wbwðZKiY :
bMix‡Z Awew”Qbœ we`y¨r e¨e¯’v Pvjy ivLvi Rb¨ Solar
System Ges †eBwRs wmwUi Av‡jv‡K PÆMÖv‡gi wi·v
¸‡jv‡KI cwi‡ek evÜe Solar mvB‡Kj wm‡÷g Pvjy Kiv|
µxov I we‡bv`bg~jK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb :
we‡bv`‡bi my‡hvM-myweav †h kn‡i ch©vß _v‡K
†mLv‡b AcivacÖeYZv A‡bK Kg| hye-mgvR‡K µxov I
we‡bv`bg~jK Kvh©µ‡g m¤ú„³ Kiv †M‡j kn‡ii Aciva
cÖeYZv †hgb _vK‡e bv †Zgwb AvR‡Ki hye-mgvR
AvMvgx w`‡bi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejvqI cÖ¯‘Z n‡e| we‡k¦i
†gMvwmwU¸‡jv‡Z we‡bv`bg~jK e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q ch©vß|
meyR cvK©, wPwoqvLvbv, †Ljvi gvV †_‡K wRg‡bwkqvg
ch©š— me ai‡bi myweavB _v‡K DbœZ kni¸‡jv‡Z|
PÆMÖvg kn‡i we‡bv`b †K‡›`ªi Pig msKU i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b
ch©vß cvK© †bB, hv Av‡Q ZvI mvavi‡Yi bvMv‡ji evB‡i|
G Ae¯’vq ch©vß we‡bv`‡bi Afve‡eva Ki‡Q mvaviY
gvbyl| wKš‘ †gMvwmwU Ki‡Z †M‡j µxov I we‡bv`bg~jK
e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb NUv‡bv Ri“wi|
µxov I we‡bv`bg~jK e¨e¯’v Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ :
(K) dqÕm †jK, wWwm wnj, KvZvjM‡Äi RvwZmsN cvK©
Ges enÏvinvU ¯^vaxbZv cv‡K©i g‡Zv we‡bv`b
†K›`ª¸‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi mvab| bZzb K‡i
cvK© m„wó Kiv n‡e| †m¸‡jvi e¨e¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡
MÖnY ev mswk-ó cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g mvaviY gvby‡li bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ wb‡q Avmvi
D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
(L) dzUcvZ¸‡jv `Ljgy³ K‡i bMievmx hv‡Z ¯^v”Q‡›`¨
nuvUvPjv Ki‡Z cv‡ib †m D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e| jvj`xwNi
g‡Zv AviI †ek K‡qKwU ch©Ub †K›`ª wbg©vY Kiv
n‡e|
(M) cwiKwíZfv‡e we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ AvaywbK kn‡ii Av`‡j
c‡Z½v mgy`ª ˆmK‡Zi Dbœqb NUv‡bv n‡e| †mLv‡b
mswk­ó me c‡¶i mn‡hv‡M cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx
ch©Ub QvDwb, ev_ †¯úm wba©viY Ges K‡UR M‡o
†Zvjv n‡e| ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e DbœZgv‡bi †i÷z‡i›U|
Lvj¸‡jvi `yÕcv‡k IqvK I‡qhy³ we‡bv`b †K›`ª ¯’vcb
Kiv n‡e|
(N) µxov e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b cÖwZwU wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b
GKwU K‡i †Ljvi gvV ˆZwii D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
wk¶v_©xiv hv‡Z †Ljvayjvq Ask wb‡Z cv‡ib †m j‡¶¨
gvV QvovI ch©vß AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb NUv‡bv
n‡e|
(O) †Ljvayjvi AvaywbK my‡hvM-myweavi Afve c~i‡Yi
j‡¶¨ PÆMÖv‡g GKwU AZ¨vaywbK Ô†¯úvU©m
Gw·‡jÝ †m›UviÕ ev AvaywbK µxov Kg‡c­· cÖwZôv
Kiv n‡e| †mLv‡b bMievmxi mš—vbiv Aa¨q‡bi
my‡hvM cv‡e| Aax‡b G bZzb µxov cÖwZôvb I
cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ª wewfbœ kvLv Z_v : wµ‡KU, dzUej,
†Uwbm, `vev BZ¨vw` Gi Avjv`v e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
PÆMÖv‡gi µxovq myß cÖwZfv hvPvB-evQvB I
fwZ©i gva¨‡g PÆMÖvg wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb Zv‡`i
mvgwMÖK myweav cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
(P) cÖwZwU Iqv‡W© Ges ¯‹zj K‡jR wfwËK µxov
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡e|
(Q) PÆMÖvg wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi c¶ †_‡K mKj µxov
msMVb¸‡jv‡K hveZxq mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vbc~e©K
msMVb¸‡jvi cÖwZ we‡kl mybRi ivLv n‡e|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 29
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 30
we‡bv`bg~jK cÖwZôvb :
(K) wkï-wK‡kvi, Zi“Y-Zi“Yx‡`i R‡b¨ cÖ‡Z¨K AvevwmK
GjvKvmg~‡n wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi e¨e¯’vcbvq
†Ljvayjv I we‡bv`bg~jK we‡kl wbivcËv wfwËK cvK©
¯’vcb Kiv n‡e|
(L) hyeK-hyeZx, bexb-cÖexY‡`i GYM ¯’vc‡bi j‡¶¨
cÖ‡Z¨K AvevwmK GjvKvq AZ¨vaywbK Accessories
mieiv‡ni gva¨‡g Avjv`v Avjv`v wRg‡bwkqvg ¯’vcb
Kiv n‡e|
gv`K I mš¿vm gy³ mgvR MVb, mvs¯‹…wZK
Kg©hÁ :
Avwg wek¦vm Kwi, gv`K I mš¿vm †h‡Kv‡bv DbœZ I
cwi”Qbœ kn‡ii mKj AMÖMwZi Aš—ivq| mKj cÖ‡PóvB
e¨_© n‡q DV‡e hw` gv`K I mš¿vmgy³ bMi M‡o †Zvjv
m¤¢e bv nq| G‡¶‡Î Aeva Z_¨ cÖhyw³i mydj N‡i Zzj‡Z
n‡e| bZzb cÖRb¥‡K Gi mydj w`‡Z cy‡iv bMi‡K IqvBdvB
†Rv‡bi AvIZvq Avbvi B‡”Q i‡q‡Q Avgvi| wbwðZ Kiv n‡e
me ai‡Yi AvBwU my‡hvM myweav, wbivc` mvBevi
cwi‡ek|
Awfbœ j‡ÿ¨ wk¶vcÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z cuyw_MZ cv‡Vi
cvkvcvwk bMi Ry‡oB mvs¯‹…wZK Aven ˆZwi‡Z AvÂwjK
cÖwZôvb¸‡jv we‡kl fzwgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| QzwUi w`‡b
Pwm‡Ki wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi wgjbvqZb I K¬vmi“g Aí Li‡P
mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb¸‡jv‡K mvsMVwbK PP©vi my‡hvM
†`qv n‡e|
GQvovI Pwm‡K GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK `dZi Pvjy, ¯‹zjK‡j‡R mvs¯‹…wZK wk¶K wb‡qvM Ges cÖwZeQi †gqi
mvs¯‹…wZK Drme Kiv n‡e| GQvovI gv`K we‡ivax
cÖPviYv, wk¶v_x© I AwffveK‡`i wgjb‡gjv Ges Aš—Z 500
Avm‡bi GKvwaK wgjbvqZb cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e|
PÆMÖvg †Uwjwfkb c~Y©v½ wUwf †K›`ª wn‡m‡e
cÖwZôv K‡i PÆMÖv‡g wbwg©Z Abyôvb I wbqwgZ
msev` wek¦e¨vcx cwi‡ek‡bi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
mvgvwRK Kg©m~wP :
PÆMÖvg µgkB GKwU Rb-fvivµvš— bMix‡Z cwiYZ n‡”Q|
GKmgq PÆMÖv‡g eû gvV-NvU, cyKzi-`xwN I we¯—xY©
†LvjvRvqMv wQj, AvR Avi †mme †bB| bMievmx GgbwK
mKv‡j-weKv‡j †eov‡bv ev nuvUv, Pjv-†divi RvqMvI
cv‡”Qb bv| GB Afve c~i‡Y bvMwiK‡`i my¯’ Rxebhvc‡bi
Rb¨ KY©dyjx b`xi DËi cvo eivei mycÖk¯— cvK©hy³
†gwib WªvBf wbg©vY K‡i bvMwiK myweav wecyjfv‡e
e…w× Kiv n‡e|
(K) miKvi †NvwlZ ÔGK cwievi GK PvKwiÕ Kg©m~wP
ev¯Íevqb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Kg©‡K›`ª cÖwZôv K‡i PvKwi
cÖv_©x‡`i bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb
Kivi D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ Aš—fy©³ _vK‡e
A‡bK †QvU †QvU Kg© cÖKí-hv GKB m‡½
PÆMÖvg wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Avq e„w× Ki‡e|
(L) eZ©gv‡b PÆMÖv‡g bvMwiK mgv‡R Amnvq eq¯‹
gvby‡li msL¨v µgea©gvb| GK mgq wQj hLb e„nr
†hŠ_ cwiev‡i e„×-e„×v‡`i mšÍvb-mšÍwZ bv _vK‡j
Zvu‡`i fiY-‡cvl‡Yi fvi MÖnY Ki‡Zb åvZz®úyÎ,
fwMœcyÎ Ges `~i m¤ú‡K©i AvZ¥xqiv| GLb bvMwiK
Rxe‡b gyL¨Z †ewki fvMB ÿz`ª cwievi †Kw›`ªK,
†hLv‡b ¯^vgx-¯¿x Ges mš—vb-mš—wZ Qvov
Ab¨‡`i ¯’vb nq bv| GgbwK wcZv-gvZv‡K †evSv
wn‡m‡eI MY¨ Kivi NUbv NU‡Q| Gi d‡j e„× gveveviv A‡bK mg‡q msmv‡i AevwÃZ n‡q hvb, Zviv
ZLb Ab¨Î AvkÖq †Lvu‡Rb| Gme Amnvq e„×-e„×vi
K_v wPš—v K‡i e„nr e„×vkÖg M‡o †Zvjv n‡e,
†hLv‡b Amnvq Ges m¤^jnxb e„×-e„×v AvkÖq
cv‡eb| GB me Amnvq bvMwiK‡`i Rb¨ †ek K‡qKwU
e„×vkÖg ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e|
(M) evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 10% kZvsk bvMvwiK
cÖwZeÜx ev we‡klfv‡e m¶g gvbyl| A_P Zv‡`i
B”Qvkw³ cÖej| miKvi Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi AwbðqZv
†gvP‡bi Rb¨ bvbvfv‡e cybe©vm‡bi †Póv K‡i‡Q| G
wel‡q GKwU bxwZgvjvI miKvi ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| my‡hvM
†c‡jB Pwm‡Ki D‡`¨v‡MB PÆMÖv‡gi bvMwiK‡`i
cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ GKwU e„nr cÖKí MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
GB we‡klfv‡e m¶g|
(N) wWwRUvj wmwU AvBwW KvW© Pvjyi gva¨‡g
bvMwiK myweav wbwðZKiY|
(O) wmwU KbRy¨gvi kc, Pvjy B-†nj_ †mev Pvjy Kiv n‡e|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 31
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 32
c_Pvix Uq‡jU Dbœqb : eZ©gvb PÆMÖvg wmwU
K‡c©v‡ik‡bi AvIZvaxb cvewjK Uq‡jU¸‡jv Ach©vß I
Acwi”Qbœ| hvi mgvavbK‡í cyi“l/gwnjv †f‡` ch©vß cwigvY
cvewjK Uq‡jU ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e Ges cwi”Qbœ I ms¯‹v‡ii
AvaywbKvqb c×wZ MÖnY Kiv n‡e| webvg~‡j¨ e¨env‡ii
my‡hvM †`Iqv n‡e|
wf¶ve„wËi we‡gvPb : PÆMÖv‡g cÖwZw`b evo‡Q
wf¶vwfwË †ivaK‡í PÆMÖv‡gi gnj-vq-gnj-vq eq®‹‡`i Rb¨
fvZvi e¨e¯’v I Zi“Y‡`i Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
`vwi`ª we‡gvPb : PÆMÖv‡gi `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx hv‡Z wb‡R
DcvR©b K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Z cv‡i †mB Rb¨ `vwi`ª
Rb‡Mvôxi Kg©ms¯’vb ewa©ZKiY, ¯’vcbv, my‡hvMmyweavi bxwZgvjv cÖYqb|
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †iva :
*
*
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv I †ivaK‡í PÆMÖvg
wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡b GKUv Avjv`v kvLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e
†h kvLv eb¨v-gnvgvwi‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯—‡`i cwi`k©‡bi
gva¨‡g cwic~Y© mnvqZvi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e|
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M AvnZ‡`i †mev, wPwKrmv I
webvg~‡j¨ Jla mieiv‡ni R‡b¨ PÆMÖvg wmwU
K‡c©v‡ik‡bi c¶ †_‡K GjvKvq GjvKvq webvg~‡j¨
wPwKrmv K¨v¤ú †Lvjv n‡e|
Avqea©K cÖKí MÖnY :
Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi Avq evwo‡q RbM‡Yi Ki n«vm Kivi Avgv‡`i
jÿ¨| Avq e„w× Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi Kg©KZ©vKg©Pvix‡`i my‡hvM-myweavI e„w×i D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
G Rb¨ Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi D‡`¨v‡M Avqea©K cÖKí nv‡Z †bIqv
n‡e|
(K) wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi D‡`¨v‡M ¯’vwcZ eZ©gv‡b eÜ
_vKv Ilya KviLvbvwU Pvjy Kivmn bZzb bZzb Avq
ea©K cÖKí MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
(L) wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi gvwjKvbvaxb f‚wg‡Z evwYwR¨K
feb M‡o †Zvjv n‡e| †m¸‡jvi gva¨‡g Avq e„w× Kiv
n‡e|
(M) Drcv`bgyLx e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i Avq e„w×
Kiv n‡e|
(N) wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi D‡`¨v‡M KjKviLvbv cÖwZôvi
D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e| hv‡Z GKB mv‡_ Ki‡cv‡ikb
jvfevb nq Ges †eKviZ¡I wbimb N‡U|
kÖwgK¯^v_© i¶v :
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 33
mf¨Zvi PvwjKv kw³ kÖwgK| ZvB mf¨Zv‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z
n‡j kÖwgK‡`i ¯^v_©‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z n‡e| K‡g©i nvZ‡K
hZ †ewk g~j¨vqb Kiv hv‡e, ZZ‡ewk AMÖMwZ Avm‡e
mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b| G Rb¨ GB bMix‡Z kÖwgK ¯^v_©‡K
¸i“Z¡ †`Iqv n‡e|
(K) Z…Yg~j kÖwgK I †L‡U LvIqv gvby‡li ¯^v_©we‡ivax
†h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv †_‡K weiZ _vKv
n‡e|
(L) kÖwgK‡`i b¨vh¨ gRywi wbwðZ Kivi D‡`¨vM †bIqv
n‡e|
(N) miKvwi-†emiKvwi wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I KjKviLvbvq
Kg©iZ kÖwgK‡`i Rb¨ fZz©wK g~‡j¨ Lv`¨cY¨ wewµi
D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e| cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPqcÎ †`wL‡q Zv
msMÖn Kiv hv‡e| G Rb¨ Ki‡cv‡ikb cÖKí nv‡Z †b‡e|
(O) kÖwgK ¯^v_© wbwðZ Kivi ¯^v‡_© Pwm‡K eZ©gvb
ÔA¯’vqxÕ Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡`i PvKwi Ô¯’vqxÕ
Kivi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e| Pwm‡K Rbej KvVv‡gv‡Z
cwieZ©b G‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Kg©KZ©vKg©Pvix wb‡qv‡Mi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
kªg wefv‡Mi Dbœqb : PÆMÖv‡gi mKj kªg KviLvbvq
kªwgK‡`i mgm¨vw` D`NvU‡bi ci kªwgK‡`i Pvwn`vbyhvqx
my‡hvM-myweavi bxwZgvjv cÖYqb|
cÖvwš—K gvby‡li myweav :
A‡c¶vK…Z AbybœZ IqvW©¸‡jvi cÖwZ we‡kl bRi †`Iqv
n‡e| IBme Iqv‡W© Dbœqb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e
AMÖvwaKvi wfwˇZ|
NbemwZc~Y© evKwjqv GjvKvq G‡·m †ivW wbg©v‡Yi
gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v mnRxKi‡Yi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
bvMwiK myweavewÂZ evKwjqv, nvwjkni, †gvnivPv›`MuvI, ev‡qwR`, cvnvoZjx c‡Z½vmn 41wU Iqv‡W©i
Awaevmx‡`i m‡e©v”P †mevcÖvwß wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 34
e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i msKU wbim‡b :
e¨emvqx‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ Pv³vB, LvZzbMÄ
evwYR¨ GjvKvq hvbRU wbimb, moK cÖk¯—KiYmn
e¨emvevÜe bvbv D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
HwZn¨evnx eKwkinvU I nvwg`yjøvn Lvb evRvi‡K
AvaywbKvqb, m¤úªmviY, cvwK©s e¨e¯’vmn ev¯—egyLx
cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡e| hvbRU †_‡K gyw³i
Rb¨ wgqvLuvb bMi-Kvjvwgqv evRvi moK ms®‹vi I
m¤úªmviY Kiv n‡e|
A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ I e¨emv m¤úªmvi‡Yi Rb¨
PÆMÖvg kvn AvgvbZ (iv.) Avš—R©vwZK wegvbe›`i‡K
AvÿwiK A‡_© bq, ev¯—weK A‡_©© Avš—R©vwZK gv‡b
DbœxZKi‡Yi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e| GQvovI †h †Kvb
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †h †Kvb e¨emv-evwYwR¨K msK‡U
e¨emvwq †bZ…e„‡›`i cv‡k _vK‡e wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb|
e¨vswKs LvZ I wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb `ßi‡K
PÆMÖv‡g Kivi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e| mvaviY e¨emvqx‡`i
mvBb‡evW© U¨v· cÖ`v‡bI nqivwb eÜ Kiv n‡e|
cÖkvmwbK we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g †mevi mnR cÖvwß I
`ybxwZ Ges nqivbx †iva Kiv n‡e| Dbœqb I †mev ms¯’vi
g‡a¨ mgš^q K‡i Kv‡R MwZ Avbv n‡e| nqivwb †iv‡a
IqvW© ch©v‡q Iqvb÷c mvwf©‡mi AvIZvq mwZ¨Kv‡ii
‡mev ‡cŠu‡Q ‡`Iqv n‡e| wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb KZ©…K
e¨emvqx‡`i Rb¨ Bm¨yK…Z ‡U«W jvB‡mÝ c«avb Awd‡mi
e`‡j Iqv‡W© Iqv‡W© Iqvb÷c mvwf©‡mi gva¨‡g weZiY
Kiv n‡e| G‡Z e¨emvqxiv nqivbxgy³ n‡eb| GQvovI Gi
ga¨w`‡q ¯^”QZv wbwðZ n‡e Ges `yb©xwZ ‡_‡KI gyw³
wgj‡e|
digvwjbgy³ evRvi e¨e¯’vcbv : wbZ¨Kvi cÖ‡qvRbxq
Lv`¨c‡Y¨i †ÿ‡Î bvbv imvqwbK, digvwj‡bi e¨envi NU‡Q
Anin| Gme gy³ my¯^v‡¯’¨i Dc‡hvwM †µZv¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 35
cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c †bqv g~jZ wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡biB KvR|
G‡¶‡Î ch©vß bRi`vwimn cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡e|
AvaywbK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v : wmwU m¨v‡UjvBU ¯’vc‡bi
gva¨‡g Px‡bi †eBwRs Gi g‡Zv mgMÖ PÆMÖvg‡K
†K›`ªxq wbivcËv ej‡q Ges AvaywbK gwbUwis Gi AvIZvq
wb‡q Avmv n‡e| wWwRUvj mv‡f©i gva¨‡gI hv mn‡R Kiv
hvq|
* PÆMÖvg‡K mš¿vmgy³ Ki‡Z AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix
ms¯’v‡K mn‡hvwMZv †`Iqv n‡e|
* wWwRUvjvB‡Rk‡bi AZ¨vaywbK cÖhyw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i
`ª“Z I mnR Dcv‡q mš¿vmx‡`i Uª¨vK K‡i cÖkvm‡b
n¯—vš—i Kiv n‡e|
* wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi AvIZvq cÖwZwU †gv‡o I
¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’v‡b †hLv‡b mš¿v‡mi Avk¼v wbwðZ,
†mme ¯’v‡b wmwmwUwf K¨v‡givi e¨e¯’v I gwbUwis
Kiv n‡e|
wkï evÜe bMi :
e›`i kni PÆMÖv‡g GLbI †ek D‡j­L‡hvM¨ msL¨K wkï
`vwi‡`ªi KlvNv‡Z wbZ¨ Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z bvbvfv‡e kÖg
w`‡”Q, hv †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi cwicwš’| A_©vfv‡e I
Dchy³ AwfeveKZ¡ bv _vKvq wkïiv Aciv‡aI RwoZ n‡”Q|
ivR‰bwZK Kg©m~wP‡Z e¨envi n‡”Q AeyS wkïiv| A_P G
wkï‡`i Rb¨ Kivi A‡bK wKQzB i‡q‡Q| Avgiv ch©vqµ‡g
bMixi IqvW© ¸‡jv‡K wkï kÖg I Aciva gy³ Ki‡Z wkïevÜe
bvbv Kg©m~wP nv‡Z wb‡Z PvB| bMi‡K mvRv‡Z PvB
wkï‡`i evm‡hvM¨ bMi wn‡m‡e|
ag©xq myweav :
*
gymwjg mgv‡Ri AvIZvq mKj gmwR`, gv`ªvmv,
GwZgLvbv, agx©q M‡elYvMvi I mKj ag©xq
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 36
*
*
cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ †K¬k, nvbvnvwb, `jxqKiY BZ¨vw`i
Kvi‡Y cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ md‡j weNœ NU‡Q| ag©xq
bxwZgvjv I gvbweK wePvi-we‡k­l‡Yi gva¨‡g Gi ¯’vqx
mgvavb Kiv n‡e Ges PÆMÖvg wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi
Aax‡b ch©vß gmwR`, gv`ªvmv, GwZgLvbv I agx©q
cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e| kn‡i Pwm‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M bZzb
bZzb e„nr Kei¯’vb cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e, hvi mv‡_ 22 gnj­v
mn GjvKvwfwËK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
wn›`y mgv‡Ri mKj cÖKvi agx©q Drme cvj‡bi c~Y©
myweavw`i e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e| hZ agx©qkvjv Ges
cÖwZôvb Av‡Q Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi, ewa©ZKiY I
bZzb K‡i ¯’vcbv cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e|
†eŠ× mgvRmn mKj m¤úª`v‡qi ag©xq Abyôvb cvj‡bi
c~Y© myweavi e¨e¯’v †bIqv n‡e Ges mKj ag©xq
Dcvkbvjq I cÖwZôv‡bi ms¯‹vi, m¤úªmviY I bZzb bZzb
¯’vcbvi †¶‡Î mn‡hvwMZv Kiv n‡e|
Zi“Y hye I bvix mgvR
*
*
*
*
`¶ †L‡jvqv‡oi mgš^‡q †Ljva~jvi cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª
ewa©ZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g IqvW©wfwËK bvbv cÖ‡Yv`bv
†`Iqv n‡e|
Zi“Y mgv‡Ri †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Yi ch©vß Kg©¯’v‡bi
ms¯’v‡bi m„wó Kiv|
Avw_©K mvg_©¨nxb bvix‡`i Rb¨ PÆMÖv‡gi
GjvKvwfwËK bvixgyLx K‡g©i webvg~‡j¨ cÖwk¶Y
†K›`ª ¯’vcb I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
webvg~‡j¨ bvix MYwk¶v †K›`ª ¯’vcbv I wk¶vq `¶Zv
AR©‡bi myweav wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
Engineering Material and Equipment
Testing Laboratory ¯’vcb :
mgMÖ PÆMÖv‡g cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e ïaygvÎ PÆMÖvg
cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq Ges PÆMÖvg cwj‡UwbK
Bbw÷wUD‡Ui ¯^í cwim‡i Material Testing Laboratory
Av‡Q, hv cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq LyeB bMb¨| PwmK wbR¯^
D‡`¨v‡M Material Testing Laboratory Mo‡j PÆMÖv‡gi
Dbœqb Kv‡Ri ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZKiY I evwYwR¨K
DcKvwiZv wbwðZ n‡e|
¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv :
¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv cÖwZôv n‡jB mykvmb cÖwZwôZ
n‡e| eZ©gvb miKvi †`‡k mykvmb cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ KvR K‡i
hv‡”Q| wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi cÖwZwU Kv‡R ¯^”QZv I
Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
(K) ¯^”QZvi Rb¨ wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi cÖwZwU KvR
AbjvB‡bi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmv n‡e| B-‡gBj,
I‡qemvBU I mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g‡K e¨envi
K‡i bMievmx Zv‡`i mgm¨vi K_v KZ…©c¶‡K AewnZ
Kivi my‡hvM cv‡eb|
(L) me ai‡bi †UÛvi cÖwµqv n‡e B-†UÛvwis c×wZ‡Z,
G‡Z K‡i †Kv‡bv ai‡bi KviPzwci my‡hvM _vK‡e bv|
(M) Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡`i WvUv‡eR ˆZwi
K‡i Zv‡`i Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
†UKmB Dbœq‡b mgwš^Z D‡`¨vM :
K…wlLvZ
* K…wlLv‡Z exR, KxUbvkK, cvwb wb®‹vkb I
Pvwn`vbyhvqx cvwb mieivn mn bvbv myweav wbwðZ
K‡i K…lK‡`i cÖ‡Yv`bv †`Iqv n‡e|
bMi cwiKíbvwe`‡`i gZvgZ‡K Avgiv ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q wek¦vm Kwi|
wek¦vm Kwi, †h Dbœq‡b Drcv`bkxjZv evo‡e, m‡½ m‡½
gvby‡li Kj¨vY K‡g hv‡e, Zv Ô`y`©kvc~Y© DbœqbÕ|
`y`©kvc~Y© Dbœqb bq, Avgiv PvB †UKmB Dbœqb| Avi
†UKmB Dbœq‡b cÖ‡qvRb mgwš^Z D‡`¨vM| Zv Avgiv
wbwðZ Ki‡Z PvB|
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 37
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 38
Dbœq‡b I †mevq eivÏ cvIqv UvKv¸‡jv B‡”Q g‡Zv LiP Kiv
wKsev †Kvb †cÖkvi MÖ“‡ci ¯^v_© nvwm‡j bwZ ¯^xKvi
bq, mvaviY gvby‡li n‡Ki UvKv mvaviY gvby‡li cÖK…Z
Kj¨v‡Y e¨q KivB nj Avgv‡`i j¶¨| my‡hvM †c‡jB G j¶¨ cyi‡Y
me©vÍK †Póv Ki‡ev Avgiv|
PÆMÖvg bM‡ii BwZnvm `xN© I †MŠiegq| cÖK…wZ
w`‡q‡Q bMi‡K Adyiš— `vb| GLv‡b Av‡Q Kg©¶g Rbkw³ I
eyw×`xß mgvR| Zv m‡Ë¡I PÆMÖvg‡K GKwU DuPy
gv‡bi bM‡i cwiYZ Ki‡Z cvwiwb Avgiv| Zv Ki‡Z n‡j bMi
cwiPvjbv I e¨e¯’vcbvq Avb‡Z n‡e ˆec­weK cwieZ©b|
bM‡ii 41wU IqvW©‡K Zvi Ae‡nwjZ, cÖvwšÍK I
mvgšÍevw` Ae¯’vb †_‡K Rbmn‡hv‡M I RbM‡Yi †K›`ª
we›`y‡Z wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e| ¯’vwbK I cÖkvmwbK A‡_©
cÖwZwU IqvW©‡KB Ô†dvKvj c‡q›UÕ a‡i †mevi
cÖwZwU wel‡q cÖvwZôvwbK I †ckvMZ Kvh©µg
Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ mgv‡Ri †ckv`vi I m‡PZb bvMwiK‡`i mgš^‡q
we‡kl KwgwU MVb K‡i Dbœqb †mev I wbivcËv wbwðZ
Ki‡Z PvB| †Kbbv Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi, Ô†UKmBÕ Dbœqb
gv‡b nvRvi nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi d¬vBIfvi, Uv‡bj, cvuP
ZviKv †nv‡Uj, feb I gv‡K©U BZ¨vw` wbg©vY ïay bq,
Gai‡bi Dbœq‡b mgv‡Ri 96 kZvsk mvaviY gvbyl hv‡Z
D‡cw¶Z bv nq, †m e¨e¯’v wbwðZ KivI †UKmB Dbœq‡bi
j¶¨|
eZ©gvb miKv‡ii gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x, e½eÜz Kb¨v †kL
nvwmbv PÆMÖv‡gi Dbœq‡bi `vwqZ¡ Kuv‡a wb‡q‡Qb|
PÆMÖvg Dbœqb KZ…©c‡¶ (PDK)Õi gva¨‡gB ïay MZ 5
eQ‡i cÖvq 9 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi Dbœqb KvR
Aby‡gvw`Z nq| KY©dzjx Z…Zxq †mZy G miKv‡ii H
Ae`vb| kvn AvgvbZ Avš—R©vwZK wegvbe›`‡ii
AvaywbKKvq‡bi KvRI Pj‡Q| KY©dzjx‡Z Uv‡bj wbg©vY,
Mfxi mgy`ª e›`i, wgikivB I Av‡bvqvivq †¯úkvj
B‡Kv‡bvwgK †Rvb ¯’vcbmn A‡bK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖKí KvR
Pj‡Q| PÆMÖvg e›`i, Iqvmvmn Ab¨me cÖwZôv‡bi I nvRvi
nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi Dbœqb I †mev KvR Pj‡Q|
PÆMÖvg, K·evRvi-gvqvbgvi n‡q Pxb ch©š— ms‡hv‡Mi
gva¨‡g moK c‡_ evwYR¨ m¤úªmvi‡YiI cÖ‡Pôv Pj‡”Q|
myZivs GB miKv‡ii Avg‡j PÆMÖv‡gi cwiKwíZ Dbœqb
m¤¢e| G Ae¯’vq gnvbMi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K
wn‡m‡e cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv PÆMÖv‡g Zuvi
GKwbó Kgx© wn‡m‡e Avgv‡K †gqi c‡` mg_©b K‡i‡Qb|
Avwg wbe©vwPZ n‡jB Av‡iv cwiKwíZfv‡eB PÆMÖvg‡K
wN‡i miKv‡ii †h Dbœqb gnvcwiKíbv Zv Av‡iv
cwiKwíZfv‡e ev¯—evqb n‡Z cv‡i|
PÆMÖvg bMi‡K bv›`wbK, RbevÜe, hvbRUgy³,
Rjve×Zvgy³ I `~lYgy³ bM‡i cwiYZ Ki‡Z hyw³ I cÖÁvi
gva¨‡g cÖK…Z mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i †UKmB mgvav‡bi
e¨e¯’v MÖnb KivB Avgv‡`i j¶¨| mykvmb, Revew`wnZv I
†UKmB Dbœqb PvB Avgiv| Dbœqb I †mevLv‡Z wfkb
‰Zwi, M‡elYv I wPš—v cÖm~Z Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g
mgZvwfwËK, cwi‡ekevÜe mg„×kvjx bMix MVbB Avgv‡`i
j¶¨|
my‡hvM †c‡jB PÆMÖv‡gi fz cÖvK…wZK Ae¯’vbMZ
myweav‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wek¦gv‡bi bMixi AvaywbK me
ai‡bi †mev w`‡Z cvie| bMi RxebhvÎv‡K AvaywbK I
gvbm¤§Z Ki‡Z me ai‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Y m‡Pó _vK‡ev|
PÆMÖvg kn‡ii ¯’vqx Ges A¯’vqx evwm›`v‡`i g‡a¨
Af‚Zc~e© †gjeÜb NwU‡q PÆMÖvgevmxi `xN©w`‡bi
¯^cœ c~Y©v½ evwYwR¨K ivRavbx Kivi e¨vcv‡i Kvh©Ki
me D‡`¨vMB †bIqv n‡e| bMievmxi civg‡k©B Pj‡e wmwU
Ki‡cv‡ikb| Dbœqb bMievmxi gZB Avgvi Kv‡Q gyL¨|
ïay cÖ‡qvRb GKwU evi Avcbv‡`i g~j¨evb †fvU`v‡bi
gva¨‡g GKwU Afvebxq cwieZ©‡bi my‡hvM|
†h‡Kv‡bv fv‡jv KvRB mevi HKvwš—K cÖ‡Póvq mdj I
MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq|
Avwg Avcbv‡`i K_v w`‡Z PvB, wbe©vwPZ n‡j PwmK
cwiPvjbvq `‡ji D‡×© I‡V Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kie| Avcbv‡`i
mvwe©K civg‡k© IqvW© KvDwÝji I msiw¶Z gwnjv
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 39
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 40
KvDwÝji‡`i mgš^‡q cÖwZwU †kÖYx I †ckvi gvbyl wb‡q
Uv¯‹‡dvm© MVb K‡i bvMwiK †mev wbwðZKiY I Dbœqb
KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e Bbkvj-vn|
Avcbv‡`i mevB‡K AmsL¨ ab¨ev`|
m`m¨
: Zcb PµeZx©, ikx` gvgyb, Zzlvi †`e, †gvnv¤§`
Avjx, ïKjvj `vk, ˆmq` AvjgMxi meyR, Rvgvj
†nv‡mb, mvB`yj Bmjvg, ZvRyj Bmjvg, gynv¤§`
†mwjg, b~cyi †`e, b~i †gvnv¤§` wUcy, wgRvbyj
Bmjvg, Avey †gvkviid iv‡mj, Abycg kxj, mÄxe
evey, wg_yb gwj­K, wec­e †`, AÄb cvj|
ï‡f”Qvmn
(Av R g bvwQi DwÏb)
bvMwiK KwgwU, PÆMÖvg g‡bvbxZ †gqi c`cÖv_©x
Bk‡Znvi cÖYqb mnvqK KwgwU
AvnevqK :
wiqvR nvq`vi †PŠayix
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 41
GK bR‡i
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PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 42
PÆMÖv‡gi
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i‡q‡Qb Rb‡bZv Av.R.g. bvwQi DÏxb|
`xN©Kvwjb µxov m¤ú„³Zvi Kvi‡Y µxov we‡bv`‡bi
gva¨‡gB wkï wK‡kvi I hye m¤úª`vq wb‡q KvR K‡i
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K‡i|
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AvwQqv LvZz‡bi †gS †g‡q wZwb| wcZ…nviv cyÎ Kb¨v‡K
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PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 43
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 44
wk¶v Rxeb :
Av.R.g. bvwQi DÏxb 1973 mv‡j miKvwi gymwjg nvB ¯‹zj
†_‡K GmGmwm, PÆMÖvg miKvwi K‡jR †_‡K
GBPGmwm I wWwMÖ cvk K‡ib|
ivR‰bwZK m¤ú„³Zv :
¯‹zj Rxeb †_‡K QvÎjx‡Mi mwµq Kg©Kv‡Û RwoZ nb
Av.R.g. bvwQi DÏxb| 69Õi MY Af~¨Ìv‡b ¯‹zj wk¶v_x©
wn‡m‡e wgwQ‡j †hvM †`b wZwb| 1977 mv‡j PÆMÖvg
K‡jR QvÎjxM mfvcwZ, GKB mv‡_ gnvbMi QvÎjx‡Mi
mvs¯‹…wZK m¤úv`K nb| ch©vqµ‡g 1980 Ges 1982 mv‡j
PÆMÖvg gnvbMi QvÎjx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K nb| 1983
Ges 1985 mv‡j nb evsjv‡`k QvÎjxM †K›`ªxq KwgwUi mnmfvcwZ| ci ci `yBevi PÆMÖvg gnvbMi AvIqvgx jxM
Kvh©wbe©vnx KwgwUi m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| 2013 mv‡j
evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM mfv‡bÎx Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbv
PÆMÖvg gnvbMi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K
wn‡m‡e g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| Gi ci †_‡K Av.R.g. bvwQi DwÏb
AvIqvgx jxM‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z me©vÍK m‡Pó i‡q‡Qb|
PÆMÖv‡gi µxov I ivRbxwZi A½b Rq K‡i Av.R.g bvwQi
DÏxb GLb Zvi wcÖq PÆMÖvg bMievmxi †mev Ki‡Z Pvb|
Av‡iv e¨vcK ch©v‡q Pwm‡Ki †gqi wn‡m‡e|
mfvcwZ
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Znwej
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PÆMÖvg
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AvRxeb `vZv m`m¨ : PÆMÖvg Wvqv‡ewUK mwgwZ
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†hme cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ
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: PÆMÖvg gnvbMi AvIqvgx jxM
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PÆMÖvg
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 45
PwmK wbe©vPb : bvMwiK KwgwUi Bk‡Znvi :: 46