DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
LAB MANUAL
SYLLABUS
1.
Design and implementation of Adder and Subtractor using logic gates.
2.
Design and implementation of code converters using logic gates
(i) BCD to excess-3 code and voice versa
(ii) Binary to gray and vice-versa
3.
Design and implementation of 4 bit binary Adder/ subtractor and BCD adder using
IC 7483
4.
Design and implementation of 2Bit Magnitude Comparator using logic gates 8 Bit
Magnitude Comparator using IC 7485
5.
Design and implementation of 16 bit odd/even parity checker /generator using
IC74180.
6.
Design and implementation of Multiplexer and De-multiplexer using logic gates and
study of IC74150 and IC 74154
7.
Design and implementation of encoder and decoder using logic gates and study of
IC7445 and IC74147
8.
Construction and verification of 4 bit ripple counter and Mod-10 / Mod-12 Ripple
counters
9.
Design and implementation of 3-bit synchronous up/down counter
10. Implementation of SISO, SIPO, PISO and PIPO shift registers using Flip- flops.
11. Design of expts 1,6,8,10 using Verilog HDL.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Study of logic gates.
2. Design and implementation of adders and subtractors using logic gates.
3. Design and implementation of code converters using logic gates.
4. Design and implementation of 4-bit binary adder/subtractor and BCD adder using
IC 7483.
5.
Design and implementation of 2-bit magnitude comparator using logic gates, 8bit magnitude comparator using IC 7485.
6. Design and implementation of 16-bit odd/even parity checker/ generator using IC
74180.
7. Design and implementation of multiplexer and demultiplexer using logic gates
and study of IC 74150 and IC 74154.
8. Design and implementation of encoder and decoder using logic gates and study of
IC 7445 and IC 74147.
9. Construction and verification of 4-bit ripple counter and Mod-10/Mod-12 ripple
counter.
10. Design and implementation of 3-bit synchronous up/down counter.
11. Implementation of SISO, SIPO, PISO and PIPO shift registers using flip-flops.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
STUDY OF LOGIC GATES
EXPT NO. : 1
DATE
:
Aim:
To study about logic gates and verify their truth tables.
Apparatus Required:
S. No.
COMPONENT
SPECIFICATION
QTY
1.
AND GATE
IC 7408
1
2.
OR GATE
IC 7432
1
3.
NOT GATE
IC 7404
1
4.
NAND GATE 2 I/P
IC 7400
1
5.
NOR GATE
IC 7402
1
6.
X-OR GATE
IC 7486
1
7.
NAND GATE 3 I/P
IC 7410
1
8.
IC TRAINER KIT
-
1
9.
PATCH CORD
-
Theory:
A logic gate is an electronic circuit which makes logical decisions. To arrive at
these decisions, the most common logic gates used are OR, AND, NOT, NAND and
NOR gates. The NAND and NOR gates are called as the Universal gates. The exclusive
OR (XOR) gate is another logic gate which can be constructed using basic gates such as
AND, OR and NOT gates. Each gate has two or more input and only one output except
for the Not gate, which has only one input. The logic gates are the building blocks of
hardware which are available in the form of various IC families. Each gate has a distinct
logic symbol and its operation can be described by means of an algebraic function. The
relationship between input and output variables of each gate can be represented in a
tabular form called a truth table.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
AND GATE:
The AND gate performs a logical multiplication commonly known as AND
function. The AND gate has two or more inputs and a single output. The output of an
AND gate is HIGH (1) only when all the inputs are high. Even if any one of the inputs is
low, the output will be LOW (0).
If A and B are the input variables of an AND gate and Y is its output, then
Y = A.B
Where the dot (.) denotes the AND operation.
OR GATE:
The OR gate performs a logical addition commonly known as OR function.
The OR gate has two or more inputs and a single output. The operation of OR gate is
such that a HIGH on the output is produced when any of the inputs is high. The output is
Low only when all the inputs are low.
If A and B are the input variables of an AND gate and Y is its output, then
Y = A+B
Where the symbol (+) denotes the OR operation.
NOT GATE:
The NOT gate performs the basic logical function called inversion or
complementation. The purpose of this gate is to convert one logic level into the opposite
logic level. It has one input and one output. When a HIGH level is applied to an inverter,
a LOW level appears as its output and vice versa.
If A is an input variable of a NOT gate and Y is its output, then
Y = 𝐴̅
NAND GATE:
The NAND gate is a contraction of AND-NOT. It has two or more inputs and a
single output. When all inputs are high, the output is LOW. If any one or both the inputs
are low, then the output is HIGH.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
If A and B are the input variables of a NAND gate and Y is its output, then
Y = ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵
NOR GATE:
The NOR gate is a contraction of OR-NOT. It has two or more inputs and only
one output. The output is HIGH when both inputs are low. The output is LOW if anyone
or both inputs are high.
If A and B are the input variables of a NOR gate and Y is its output, then
Y = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴+𝐵
Exclusive-OR (X-OR) GATE:
An Exclusive-OR gate is a gate with two or more inputs and one output. The
output of XOR gate is high when any one of the inputs is high. The output is low when
both the inputs are low and both the inputs are high.
If A and B are the input variables of a XOR gate and Y is its output, then
Y=A
B = 𝐴̅ 𝐵 + 𝐴𝐵̅
Exclusive-NOR (X-NOR) GATE:
The exclusive-NOR gate is an XOR gate followed by an inverter. XOR gate has
two or more inputs and one output. The output of a two input XNOR gate assumes a
HIGH state if both the inputs assume the same logic state, and its output is LOW when
the inputs assume different logic states.
If A and B are the input variables of a XNOR gate and Y is its output, then
Y = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴̅𝐵̅
Procedure:
(i)
Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
(iii)
Observe the output and verify the truth table.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
AND GATE:
SYMBOL:
PIN DIAGRAM:
OR GATE:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
NOT GATE:
SYMBOL:
PIN DIAGRAM:
X-OR GATE :
SYMBOL :
PIN DIAGRAM :
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
2-INPUT NAND GATE:
SYMBOL:
PIN DIAGRAM:
3-INPUT NAND GATE :
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
NOR GATE:
XNOR GATE:
SYMBOL , TRUTH TABLE:
RESULT:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
DESIGN OF ADDER AND SUBTRACTOR
EXPT NO. : 2
DATE
:
Aim:
To design and construct half adder, full adder, half subtractor and full subtractor
circuits and verify the truth table using logic gates.
Apparatus Required:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
4.
COMPONENT
AND GATE
X-OR GATE
NOT GATE
OR GATE
IC TRAINER KIT
PATCH CORDS
SPECIFICATION
IC 7408
IC 7486
IC 7404
IC 7432
-
QTY.
1
1
1
1
1
Theory:
HALF ADDER:
The simplest combinational circuit which performs the arithmetic addition of two
binary digits is called a half-adder. The half adder has two inputs and two outputs. The
two inputs are the two 1-bit numbers A and B, and the two outputs are the sum (S) of A
and B and the carry bit denoted by C. From the truth table its known that the sum output
is 1 when either of the inputs is 1, and the carry output is 1 when both the inputs are 1.
FULL ADDER:
A Full Adder is a combinational circuit that performs the arithmetic sum of three
input bits. It consists of three inputs and two outputs. Three of the input variables can be
defined as A, B, C and the two output variables can be defined as Sum, Carry. The two
input variables that we defined earlier A and B represents the two significant bits to be
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
added. The third input C represents the carry bit. The two outputs represents sum and
carry.
For designing a full adder circuit, two half adder circuits and an OR gate is
required. It is the simplest way to design a full adder circuit. For this two XOR gates, two
AND gates, one OR gate is required.
HALF SUBTRACTOR:
The half-subtractor is a combinational circuit which is used to perform subtraction
of two bits. The half subtractor is constructed using X-OR and AND Gate. The half
subtractor has two inputs A and B (minuend and subtrahend) and two outputs difference
and borrow. From the truth table, it is clear that the difference output is zero if A = B and
1 if A is not equal to B; the borrow output is 1 whenever A < B. If A < B , then
subtraction is done by borrowing 1 from the next higher order bit.
FULL SUBTRACTOR:
A full subtractor is a combinational circuit that performs subtraction involving
three bits, namely minuend bit (A), subtrahend bit (B), and the borrow from the previous
stage (C). In a full subtractor the logic circuit should have three inputs and two outputs.
The two half subtractor put together gives a full subtractor.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
HALF ADDER
TRUTH TABLE:
A
B
CARRY
SUM
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
K-Map for SUM:
SUM = A’B + AB’
K-Map for CARRY:
CARRY = AB
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
FULL ADDER
TRUTH TABLE:
A
B
C
CARRY
SUM
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
K-Map for SUM:
SUM = A’B’C + A’BC’ + AB’C’ + ABC
Simplification:
SUM=AB'C'+A'BC'+ABC+A'B'C
= C’ (AB’+A’B) + C (AB+A’B’)B
= C’ (AB’+A’B) + C (AB’+A’B)’
= C XOR (A XOR B)
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
K-Map for CARRY:
CARRY = AB + BC + AC
Simplification:
CARRY = AB + BC + AC
= AB + C (AB’ + A’B)
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
FULL ADDER
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
FULL ADDER USING TWO HALF ADDER
HALF SUBTRACTOR
TRUTH TABLE:
A
B
BORROW
DIFFERENCE
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
K-Map for DIFFERENCE:
DIFFERENCE = A’B + AB’
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
K-Map for BORROW:
BORROW = A’B
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
FULL SUBTRACTOR
TRUTH TABLE
A
B
C
BORROW
DIFFERENCE
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
K-Map for Difference:
DIFFERENCE = A’B’C + A’BC’ + AB’C’ + ABC
Simplification:
DIFFERENCE = A’B’C + A’BC’ + AB’C’ + ABC
= C (AB + A’B’) + C’ (A’B + AB’)
= C (A’B + AB’)’ + C’ (A’B + AB’)
= C XOR (A XOR B)
= A XOR B XOR C
K-Map for Borrow:
Borrow = A’B + BC + A’C
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
FULL SUBTRACTOR
FULL SUBTRACTOR USING TWO HALF SUBTRACTOR
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PROCEEDURE:
(i)
Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
(iii)
Observe the output and verify the truth table.
RESULT: Thus the half adder, full adder, half subtractor and full subtractor circuits
were designed and the truth tables are verified.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CODE CONVERTOR
EXPT NO. : 3
DATE
:
Aim:
To design and implement 4-bit
(i)
Binary to gray code converter
(ii)
Gray to binary code converter
(iii) BCD to excess-3 code converter
(iv)
Excess-3 to BCD code converter
Apparatus Required:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
COMPONENT
X-OR GATE
AND GATE
OR GATE
NOT GATE
IC TRAINER KIT
PATCH CORDS
SPECIFICATION
IC 7486
IC 7408
IC 7432
IC 7404
-
QTY.
1
1
1
1
1
Theory:
The availability of large variety of codes for the same discrete elements of
information results in the use of different codes by different systems. A conversion circuit
must be inserted between the two systems if each uses different codes for same
information. Thus, code converter is a circuit that makes the two systems compatible
even though each uses different binary code. In other words, code converter is a logic
circuit that changes data presented in one type of binary code to another type of binary
code.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
Binary to Gray and gray to Binary conversion:
The gray code is useful code used in digital system. It is used primarily for
indicating the angular position of a shaft on rotating machinery such as automated lathes
and drill presses. This code is like binary in that it can have as many bits as and the more
bits, the more possible combinations of output codes.
The difference between the Gray code and the regular binary code is that the Gray code
varies only 1 bit from one entry to the next entry. The conversion between Gray code and
Binary code are done by using Karnaugh map. By using this method the conversion can
be done simply with XOR gates.
BCD to Excess-3 and Excess-3 BCD Conversion:
Excess-3 binary-coded decimal (XS-3) or Stibitz code, also called biased
representation or Excess-N, is a complementary BCD code and numeral system. It was
used on some older computers with a pre-specified number N as a biasing value. It is a
way to represent values with a balanced number of positive and negative numbers. It is a
non weighted code. In XS-3, numbers are represented as decimal digits, and each digit is
represented by four bits as the BCD value plus 3 (the "excess" amount).
The primary advantage of XS-3 coding over BCD coding is that a decimal
number can be nines' complemented (for subtraction) as easily as a binary number can be
ones' complemented; just invert all bits. In addition, when the sum of two XS-3 digits is
greater than 9, the carry bit of a four bit adder will be set high. This works because, when
adding two numbers that are greater or equal to zero, an "excess" value of six results in
the sum. Since a four bit integer can only hold values 0 to 15, an excess of six means that
any sum over nine will overflow.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
BINARY TO GRAY CODE CONVERTOR
TRUTH TABLE:
|
Binary input
|
Gray code output
|
B3
B2
B1
B0
G3
G2
G1
G0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
K-Map for G3:
K-Map for G2:
G3 = B3
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
K-Map for G1:
K-Map for G0;
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
GRAY CODE TO BINARY CONVERTOR
TRUTH TABLE:
|
Gray Code
|
Binary Code
|
G3
G2
G1
G0
B3
B2
B1
B0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
K-Map for B3:
K-Map for B2:
B3 = G3
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
K-Map for B1:
K-Map for B0:
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
BCD TO EXCESS-3 CONVERTOR
TRUTH TABLE:
|
BCD input
Excess – 3 output
|
|
B3
B2
B1
B0
E3
E2
E1
E0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
x
x
x
x
x
x
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
x
x
x
x
x
x
K-Map for E3:
K-map for E2:
E3 = B3 + B2 (B0 + B1)
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
K-Map for E1:
K-Mao for E0;
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EXCESS-3 TO BCD CONVERTOR
TRUTH TABLE:
Excess – 3 Input
|
|
BCD Output
|
X1
X2
X1
X0
A
B
C
D
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
K-Map for A:
K-Map for B:
A = X1 X2 + X3 X4 X1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
K-Map for C:
K-Map for D:
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PROCEDURE:
(i)
Make the connections as shown in figure
(ii)
Pin [14] of all ICs are connected to +5 V and pin [7] to ground
(iii)
Logical inputs were given as per truth table
(iv)
Observe the logical output and verify with the truth tables.
RESULT:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EXPT NO. :4
DATE
:
DESIGN OF 4-BIT ADDER AND SUBTRACTOR
AIM:
To design and implement 4-bit adder and subtractor using IC 7483.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No.
COMPONENT
SPECIFICATION QTY.
1.
IC
IC 7483
1
2.
EX-OR GATE
IC 7486
1
3.
NOT GATE
IC 7404
1
3.
IC TRAINER KIT
1
4.
PATCH CORDS
40
THEORY:
4 BIT BINARY ADDER:
A binary adder is a digital circuit that produces the arithmetic sum of two binary
numbers. It can be constructed with full adders connected in cascade, with the output
carry from each full adder connected to the input carry of next full adder in chain. The
augends bits of ‘A’ and the addend bits of ‘B’ are designated by subscript numbers from
right to left, with subscript 0 denoting the least significant bits. The carries are connected
in chain through the full adder. The input carry to the adder is C0 and it ripples through
the full adder to the output carry C4.
4 BIT BINARY SUBTRACTOR:
The circuit for subtracting A-B consists of an adder with inverters, placed
between each data input ‘B’ and the corresponding input of full adder. The input carry C 0
must be equal to 1 when performing subtraction.
4 BIT BINARY ADDER/SUBTRACTOR:
The addition and subtraction operation can be combined into one circuit with one
common binary adder. The mode input M controls the operation. When M=0, the circuit
is adder circuit. When M=1, it becomes subtractor.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
4 BIT BCD ADDER:
Consider the arithmetic addition of two decimal digits in BCD, together with an
input carry from a previous stage. Since each input digit does not exceed 9, the output
sum cannot be greater than 19, the 1 in the sum being an input carry. The output of two
decimal digits must be represented in BCD and should appear in the form listed in the
columns.
ABCD adder that adds 2 BCD digits and produce a sum digit in BCD. The 2
decimal digits, together with the input carry, are first added in the top 4 bit adder to
produce the binary sum.
PIN DIAGRAM FOR IC 7483:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
4-BIT BINARY ADDER
4-BIT BINARY SUBTRACTOR
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
4-BIT BINARY ADDER/SUBTRACTOR
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
TRUTH TABLE:
Input Data A
Input Data B
Addition
Subtraction
A4 A3 A2 A1 B4 B3 B2 B1
C
S4 S3 S2 S1
B
D4 D3 D2 D1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
0
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
BCD ADDER
K MAP
Y = S4 (S3 + S2)
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
TRUTH TABLE:
S4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
BCD SUM
S3
S2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
S1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
CARRY
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PROCEDURE:
(i)
Connections were given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical inputs were given as per truth table
(iii)
Observe the logical output and verify with the truth tables.
RESULT:
Thus the adders and subtractors were designed and verified
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EXPT NO. : 5
DATE
:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MAGNITUDE
COMPARATOR
AIM:
To design and implement
(i)
2 – bit magnitude comparator using basic gates.
(ii)
8 – bit magnitude comparator using IC 7485.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
COMPONENT
AND GATE
X-OR GATE
OR GATE
NOT GATE
4-BIT MAGNITUDE
COMPARATOR
IC TRAINER KIT
PATCH CORDS
SPECIFICATION
IC 7408
IC 7486
IC 7432
IC 7404
IC 7485
QTY.
2
1
1
1
2
-
1
THEORY:
The comparison of two numbers is an operator that determine one number is
greater than, less than (or) equal to the other number. A magnitude comparator is a
combinational circuit that compares two numbers A and B and determine their relative
magnitude. The outcome of the comparator is specified by three binary variables that
indicate whether A>B, A=B (or) A<B.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
2 BIT MAGNITUDE COMPARATOR
K MAP
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
TRUTH TABLE
A1 A0 B1 B0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
A>B
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
A=B
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
A<B
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PIN DIAGRAM FOR IC 7485:
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
8 BIT MAGNITUDE COMPARATOR
TRUTH TABLE:
A
B
0000 0000
0001 0001
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0001 0001
A>B
0
1
0
A=B
1
0
0
A<B
0
0
1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PROCEDURE:
(i)
Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
(iii)
Observe the output and verify the truth table.
RESULT:
Thus the 2 and 8 bit magnitude comparators were designed and the output was
verified.
EXPT NO. :
DATE
:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EXPT NO. : 6
DATE
:
16 BIT ODD/EVEN PARITY CHECKER /GENERATOR
AIM:
To design and implement 16 bit odd/even parity checker generator using IC
74180.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
COMPONENT
NOT GATE
IC TRAINER KIT
PATCH CORDS
SPECIFICATION
IC 7404
IC 74180
-
QTY.
1
2
1
THEORY:
A parity bit is used for detecting errors during transmission of binary information.
A parity bit is an extra bit included with a binary message to make the number is either
even or odd. The message including the parity bit is transmitted and then checked at the
receiver ends for errors. An error is detected if the checked parity bit doesn’t correspond
to the one transmitted. The circuit that generates the parity bit in the transmitter is called
a ‘parity generator’ and the circuit that checks the parity in the receiver is called a ‘parity
checker’.
In even parity, the added parity bit will make the total number is even amount. In
odd parity, the added parity bit will make the total number is odd amount. The parity
checker circuit checks for possible errors in the transmission. If the information is passed
in even parity, then the bits required must have an even number of 1’s. An error occur
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
during transmission, if the received bits have an odd number of 1’s indicating that one bit
has changed in value during transmission.
PIN DIAGRAM FOR IC 74180:
PROCEDURE:
(i)
Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
(iii)
Observe the output and verify the truth table.
RESULT:
Thus the 16 bit odd/even parity checker and generator were designed and the
output was verified.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
FUNCTION TABLE:
INPUTS
Number of High Data
Inputs (I0 – I7)
EVEN
ODD
EVEN
ODD
X
X
PE
PO
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
OUTPUTS
∑O
∑E
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
16 BIT ODD/EVEN PARITY CHECKER
TRUTH TABLE:
I7 I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 I7’I6’I5’I4’I3’I2’11’ I0’ Active
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1
∑E
1
1
0
∑O
0
0
1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
16 BIT ODD/EVEN PARITY GENERATOR
TRUTH TABLE:
I7 I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
I7 I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 Active
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
∑E
1
0
1
∑O
0
1
0
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EXPT NO. : 7
DATE
:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTIPLEXER AND
DEMULTIPLEXER
AIM:
To design and implement multiplexer and demultiplexer using logic gates and
study of IC 74150 and IC 74154.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
COMPONENT
3 I/P AND GATE
OR GATE
NOT GATE
IC TRAINER KIT
PATCH CORDS
SPECIFICATION
IC 7411
IC 7432
IC 7404
-
QTY.
2
1
1
1
THEORY:
MULTIPLEXER:
Multiplexer means transmitting a large number of information units over a
smaller number of channels or lines. A digital multiplexer is a combinational circuit that
selects binary information from one of many input lines and directs it to a single output
line. The selection of a particular input line is controlled by a set of selection lines.
Normally there are 2n input line and n selection lines whose bit combination determine
which input is selected.
DEMULTIPLEXER:
The function of Demultiplexer is in contrast to multiplexer function. It takes
information from one line and distributes it to a given number of output lines. For this
reason, the demultiplexer is also known as a data distributor.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR 4:1 MULTIPLEXER:
FUNCTION TABLE
S1
S0
INPUTS Y
0
0
D0 → D0 S1’ S0’
0
1
D1 → D1 S1’ S0
1
0
D2 → D2 S1 S0’
1
1
D3 → D3 S1 S0
Y = D0 S1’ S0’ + D1 S1’ S0 + D2 S1 S0’ + D3 S1 S0
LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR MULTIPLEXER:
TRUTH TABLE:
S1
S0
Y = OUTPUT
0
0
D0
0
1
D1
1
0
D2
1
1
D3
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR 1:4 DEMULTIPLEXER:
FUNCTION TABLE
S1
S0
INPUT
0
0
X → D0 = X S1’ S0’
0
1
X → D1 = X S1’ S0
1
0
X → D2 = X S1 S0’
1
1
X → D3 = X S1 S0
Y = X S1’ S0’ + X S1’ S0 + X S1 S0’ + X S1 S0
LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR DEMULTIPLEXER:
TRUTH TABLE:
INPUT
OUTPUT
S1
S0
I/P
D0
D1
D2
D3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PIN DIAGRAM FOR IC 74150:
PIN DIAGRAM FOR IC 74154:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PROCEDURE:
(i)
Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
(iii)
Observe the output and verify the truth table.
RESULT:
Thus the mux and demux circuits were designed and the truth table was verified
and the details of 74150, 74154 ICs were studied.
EXPT NO. :
DATE
:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EXPT NO. : 8
DATE
:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ENCODER AND DECODER
AIM:
To design and implement encoder and decoder using logic gates and study of IC
7445 and IC 74147.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
COMPONENT
3 I/P NAND GATE
OR GATE
NOT GATE
IC TRAINER KIT
PATCH CORDS
SPECIFICATION
IC 7410
IC 7432
IC 7404
-
QTY.
2
3
1
1
THEORY:
ENCODER:
An encoder has 2n input lines and n output lines. In encoder the output lines
generates the binary code corresponding to the input value. In octal to binary encoder it
has eight inputs, one for each octal digit and three output that generate the corresponding
binary code. In encoder it is assumed that only one input has a value of one at any given
time otherwise the circuit is meaningless. It has an ambiguila that when all inputs are zero
the outputs are zero. The zero outputs can also be generated when D0 = 1.
DECODER:
A decoder is a multiple input multiple output logic circuit which converts coded
input into coded output where input and output codes are different. The input code
generally has fewer bits than the output code. Each input code word produces a different
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
output code word i.e there is one to one mapping can be expressed in truth table. In the
block diagram of decoder circuit the encoded information is present as n input producing
2n possible outputs. 2n output values are from 0 through out 2n – 1.
PIN DIAGRAM FOR IC 7445:
BCD TO DECIMAL DECODER:
PIN DIAGRAM FOR IC 74147:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR ENCODER:
TRUTH TABLE:
INPUT
OUTPUT
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
A
B
C
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR DECODER:
TRUTH TABLE:
INPUT
OUTPUT
E
A
B
D0
D1
D2
D3
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PROCEDURE:
(i)
Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical in puts are given as per circuit diagram.
(iii)
Observe the output and verify the truth table.
RESULT:
Thus the encoder and decoder circuits were designed, verified and also IC7445
IC74147 details were studied
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EXPT NO. :
DATE
:
CONSTRUCTION AND VERIFICATION OF 4 BIT RIPPLE
COUNTER AND MOD 10/MOD 12 RIPPLE COUNTER
AIM:
To design and verify 4 bit ripple counter mod 10/ mod 12 ripple
counter.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
COMPONENT
JK FLIP FLOP
NAND GATE
IC TRAINER KIT
PATCH CORDS
SPECIFICATION QTY.
IC 7476
2
IC 7400
1
1
30
THEORY:
A counter is a register capable of counting number of clock pulse
arriving at its clock input. Counter represents the number of clock pulses
arrived. A specified sequence of states appears as counter output. This is the
main difference between a register and a counter. There are two types of
counter, synchronous and asynchronous. In synchronous common clock is
given to all flip flop and in asynchronous first flip flop is clocked by external
pulse and then each successive flip flop is clocked by Q or Q output of
previous stage. A soon the clock of second stage is triggered by output of
first stage. Because of inherent propagation delay time all flip flops are not
activated at same time which results in asynchronous operation.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PIN DIAGRAM FOR IC 7476:
LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR 4 BIT RIPPLE COUNTER:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
TRUTH TABLE:
CLK
QA
QB
QC
QD
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
5
1
0
1
0
6
0
1
1
0
7
1
1
1
0
8
0
0
0
1
9
1
0
0
1
10
0
1
0
1
11
1
1
0
1
12
0
0
1
1
13
1
0
1
1
14
0
1
1
1
15
1
1
1
1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR MOD - 10 RIPPLE COUNTER:
TRUTH TABLE:
CLK
QA
QB
QC
QD
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
5
1
0
1
0
6
0
1
1
0
7
1
1
1
0
8
0
0
0
1
9
1
0
0
1
10
0
0
0
0
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR MOD - 12 RIPPLE COUNTER:
TRUTH TABLE:
CLK
QA
QB
QC
QD
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
5
1
0
1
0
6
0
1
1
0
7
1
1
1
0
8
0
0
0
1
9
1
0
0
1
10
0
1
0
1
11
1
1
0
1
12
0
0
0
0
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PROCEDURE:
(i)
Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
(iii)
Observe the output and verify the truth table.
RESULT:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EXPT NO. :
DATE
:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF 3 BIT SYNCHRONOUS
UP/DOWN COUNTER
AIM:
To design and implement 3 bit synchronous up/down counter.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
COMPONENT
JK FLIP FLOP
3 I/P AND GATE
OR GATE
XOR GATE
NOT GATE
IC TRAINER KIT
PATCH CORDS
SPECIFICATION QTY.
IC 7476
2
IC 7411
1
IC 7432
1
IC 7486
1
IC 7404
1
1
35
THEORY:
A counter is a register capable of counting number of clock pulse
arriving at its clock input. Counter represents the number of clock pulses
arrived. An up/down counter is one that is capable of progressing in
increasing order or decreasing order through a certain sequence. An up/down
counter is also called bidirectional counter. Usually up/down operation of
the counter is controlled by up/down signal. When this signal is high counter
goes through up sequence and when up/down signal is low counter follows
reverse sequence.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
K MAP
STATE DIAGRAM:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
CHARACTERISTICS TABLE:
Q
Qt+1
J
K
0
0
0
X
0
1
1
X
1
0
X
1
1
1
X
0
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
TRUTH TABLE:
Input
Present State
Next State
Up/Down QA QB QC QA+1 Q B+1 QC+1
0
0
0
0 1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
A
JA
1
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
X
X
X
X
B
KA
X
0
0
0
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
1
JB
1
X
X
0
1
X
X
0
0
1
X
X
0
1
X
X
C
KB
X
0
1
X
X
0
1
X
X
X
0
1
X
X
0
1
JC
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
PROCEDURE:
(i)
Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
(iii)
Observe the output and verify the truth table.
RESULT:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
KC
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
EXPT NO. :
DATE
:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SHIFT REGISTER
AIM:
To design and implement
(i)
Serial in serial out
(ii) Serial in parallel out
(iii) Parallel in serial out
(iv) Parallel in parallel out
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
COMPONENT
D FLIP FLOP
OR GATE
IC TRAINER KIT
PATCH CORDS
SPECIFICATION QTY.
IC 7474
2
IC 7432
1
1
35
THEORY:
A register is capable of shifting its binary information in one or both
directions is known as shift register. The logical configuration of shift
register consist of a D-Flip flop cascaded with output of one flip flop
connected to input of next flip flop. All flip flops receive common clock
pulses which causes the shift in the output of the flip flop.
The simplest
possible shift register is one that uses only flip flop. The output of a given
flip flop is connected to the input of next flip flop of the register. Each clock
pulse shifts the content of register one bit position to right.
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
PIN DIAGRAM:
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
SERIAL IN SERIAL OUT:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
TRUTH TABLE:
Serial in
Serial out
1
1
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
4
1
1
5
X
0
6
X
0
7
X
1
CLK
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
SERIAL IN PARALLEL OUT:
TRUTH TABLE:
OUTPUT
CLK DATA
QA
QB
QC
QD
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
1
4
1
1
0
0
1
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
PARALLEL IN SERIAL OUT:
TRUTH TABLE:
CLK
Q3
Q2
Q1
Q0
O/P
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
PARALLEL IN PARALLEL OUT:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
TRUTH TABLE:
DATA INPUT
OUTPUT
CLK
DA
DB
DC
DD
QA
QB
QC
QD
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
2
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
PROCEDURE:
(i)
Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
(ii)
Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
(iii)
Observe the output and verify the truth table.
RESULT:
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
5. Design and implementation of 2-bit magnitude
comparator using logic gates, 8-bit magnitude comparator
using IC 7485
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
6. Design and implementation of 16-bit odd/even parity
checker generator using IC 74180
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
7. Design and implementation of multiplexer and
demultiplexer using logic gates and study of IC 74150 and
IC 74154
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
8. Design and implementation of encoder and decoder
using logic gates and study of IC 7445 and IC 74147
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
9. Construction and verification of 4-bit ripple counter and
Mod-10/Mod-12 ripple counter
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
10. Design and implementation of 3-bit synchronous
up/down counter
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48
11. Implementation of SISO, SIPO, PISO and PIPO shift
registers using flip-flops
EC 2207- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB- PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – CHENNAI 48