Chapter 11– Industry and Energy
AP Human Geography – Reading Guide
KEY ISSUE 1: Where is Industry Distributed?
Rubenstein 12e, pgs. 395-397
1. When and where did the concept of industry originate?
2. Describe the Cottage Industry:
3. What was the catalyst for the Industrial Revolution?
4. Which invention is credited as the most important for the development of factories?
5. Describe the changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution in the following areas:
1. Iron:
2. Transportation:
3. Textiles:
4. Chemicals:
5. Food Processing:
**The Fossil Fuels section: totally expect you to know this stuff from junior high science class. Skim over it but
nothing to write down**
6.
Read page 386 and refer to Figure 11-5. On the map, describe the following industrial areas:
Kuznetsk:
UK:
Rhine-Ruhr Valley:
Volga:
Northeastern Spain:
Mid-Rhine:
Silesia:
7. Read page 386-387 and refer to Figure 11-6. On the map, describe the following industrial areas:
Southeastern Ontario:
Western Great Lakes:
New England:
Pittsburgh-Lake Erie:
Middle Atlantic
Southern California:
8. Read page 387 and refer to Figure 11-7. On the map, describe the following industrial areas
Japan:
China:
South Korea:
KEY ISSUE 2
Why are Situation and Site Factors Important?
pgs. 388-399
9. Why do manufacturers look for factories that are close to their markets?
10. In the industry sector, what do they mean by “inputs”?
11. Identify a few examples of nonmetallic minerals:
12. Describe metallic minerals:
13. Define alloy:
14. What’s the difference between ferrous and nonferrous alloys?
15. Define bulk-reducing industry:
16. Explain why the bulk-gaining industries need to be close to where the product is sold but bulk-reducing
industry needs to be close to the source of input:
17. Explain why the copper industry is an example of a bulk-reducing industry:
18. How can companies afford to have copper foundries in the East Coast when the copper mines are in
Arizona?
19. Define bulk-gaining industry:
20. How are fabricated metals and beverage bottling examples of bulk-gaining industries?
21. Why would it make sense for Coca Cola to have a bottling factory in Downey?
22. Describe the following markets. Note their locations and give examples of each.
a. Single-Market Manufacturers:
b. Perishable Products:
23. Identify the three major regions of car production:
24. Refer to Figure 11-15. From the cars provided, which car would be the most “American” and why? What
about the most foreign?
25. Discuss why the distribution of steel production has changed several times within the US:
26. Why is long-distance transportation cheaper per kilometer?
27. Explain the benefits of each method of transportation and give an example of specific companies that might
use this method of transportation:
a. Trucks:
b. Trains:
c. Ships:
d. Air:
28. Define break of bulk point:
29. What are some examples of break of bulk points?
30. What happens to cost with break of bulk points?
31. What are the benefits of Just-In-Time delivery for manufacturers?
32. What are some issues with Just-In-Time delivery suppliers?
33. Where are most of the manufacturing workers found?
34. Describe the labor-intensive industry:
35. How is a high-wage industry different than a labor-intensive industry?
36. Define capital:
37. Why do businesses in developing countries have difficulty obtaining capital?
38. What are some important physical factors that businesses consider before choosing the location and
buildings for their businesses?
39. Why have China and India become dominant fabric producers?
40. Why are textiles assembled in developed countries?
KEY ISSUE 3
Why Do Industries Face Resource Challenges
pgs. 400-419
**Yep, more on fossil fuels but this time, we will apply it to the concept of industry**
41. What does industry depend on? Why?
42. How are fossil fuels used in your own home?
43. Who consumes the most energy per capita?
44. What is the conflict about the location of petroleum?
45. Who created OPEC? What is the goal of this organization?
46. Examine the pie charts on page 404…what are the only two countries that have proven reserves of coal,
natural gas, and petroleum?
47. As demand increases for fossil fuels and proven reserves begin to dwindle, we turn to unconventional
resources such as: ________________________ & __________________________
48. Explain fracking:
49. What are the concerns over fracking?
50. What has the United States done to limit their demand for petroleum?
51. What will eventually cause the world to lower its dependency on petroleum and focus on alternative energy
sources?
**Skim over the Nuclear Energy, Energy Alternatives, & Solar Energy sections…again, stuff from science class**
52. When does pollution “occur”?
53. Define air pollution:
54. Why does pollution increase when a country’s per capita income (income level per person) increases?
55. What is ozone gas and how does it benefit humanity?
56. Why are chlorofluorocarbons dangerous? What have we done about this?
57. How does air pollution affect humans at a regional scale?
58. Using Figure 11-59, explain which regions of the United States have been affected by acid deposition:
59. Where are the majority of the most polluted cities located? Who wins the title for the worst polluted air?
60. Why is water pollution widespread?
61. Explain the differences between municipal sewage pollution in developed and developing countries:
62. What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? Google Image Search if you want to see some pictures.
63. What are some issues associated with the disposal of hazardous waste?
KEY ISSUE 4
Why Are Industries Changing Locations?
pgs. 420-427
64. What is outsourcing?
65. Why do you think outsourcing has become a key issue in American politics?
66. Define vertical integration:
67. What are two reasons that have led to the industrial growth in Mexico?
68. What are Maquiladoras?
69. Why do they attract businesses?
70. What is “BRIC” and which countries are a part of it?
71. What kinds of changes are expected in the world’s economies by 2050?
72. Describe the shift in manufacturing that has occurred in the US:
73. How has the American South come to be more industrial?
74. Describe the “Right-to-work Law”:
75. What have been the effects of these laws?
76. Describe the interregional shifts in Europe:
77. What is Fordist Production?
78. How is post-Fordist production different?