The African Peace Facility (APF)
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Historical background and context
African Peace Facility 9th EDF
African Peace Facility 10th EDF
1st and 2nd APF – comparative table
Further information
1. Historical background and context
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Transformation of the OAU into the AU (2002)
New approach: non-indifference
Development of the continental framework for peace and
security
AMIS in Darfur-first major AU peace operation
1. Historical background and context
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Origins of the APF
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AU request to establish a Peace Support Operation FacilityMaputo Summit (July 2003)
EU response: APF operational in May 2004
Legal basis: Art. 11 of the Cotonou Agreement
Nexus security-development: “No development without security”
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
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Objectives and scope
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Innovative instrument to support African peace and security
agenda
Scope- support to:
– African-owned and led peace operations
– Strengthening capacity of the relevant African organisations
Principles: African ownership and solidarity, EU-Africa
partnership
Beneficiaries: AU and sub-regional organisations
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
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Programming
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Initial allocation- € 250 M :
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Peace support operations- € 200 M
Capacity Building – € 35 M
Contingencies, audit, evaluation and monitoring- €15M
Three subsequent replenishments under the 9th EDF (total € 150
M)
Additional Voluntary Contributions of 8 EU Member States
(Nearly € 40 M)- first example of cofinancing under the 9th
EDF
By 2009 total APF allocation of €440M
Additionally, €7,7M Contribution from South Africa budget line
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500,0
Commitments APF (M€)
450,0
440
Montant engagé cumulé M€
APF
400,0
4th repl.€55m
350,0
3rd repl.€39.2m
300,0
2nd repl.€45m
1st repl.€50m
250,0
200,0
150,0
100,0
50,0
0,0
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
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Main actions supported
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Peace Support operations:
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the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) - over €305M
the FOMUC/MICOPAX Mission in the Central African Republic
( CEMAC/ECCAS) – €53,2M
the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) – €35,5M
the African Union Missions in the Comoros (AMISEC+MAES) - €5M +
€3,5M
Main items funded: allowances for military/police observers, troop
allowances, rations, insurance, medical support, fuel and
technical assistance
Support
to
PSOs
MICOPAX
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
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Main actions supported
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Evolution of payments: 2004-2008: fund-consuming PSOs
450
400
Financement des OMP par l'APF
montant total 400M€
350
300
250
200
AMISOM
COMOROS
FOMUC
AMIS
150
305,60
305,60
2007
2008
229,17
100
149,17
50
79,17
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2004
2005
2006
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
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Cases
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Missions in the Central African Republic: FOMUC/MICOPAX
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Missions in the Comoros: AMISEC, MAES
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
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Capacity Building support
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Strengthening capacities of the African Union Commission AUC
(€6M),
African Standby Force (ASF) workshops (€988,552),
Support to sub-regional organisations’ liaison officers to the AU,
to early warning system and financial capacity of both SROs and
AUC (€7,7M contribution to the APF from South Africa budget
line),
Support to planning capacities of the African Standby Force, to
early warning systems and financial management at both subregional and continental levels (€20M).
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
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Support to capacity building - examples
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Effort on institutional capacity, and links AU / SROs.
3 main CA committed under 9th FED
2004: 6M € prog.: Reinforcement of the AU continental role: PSC
protocol and sec., AUPSOD experts (planning, PCRD,
EWS,….)
In 2008, 30% committed (11/ 40 experts recruited).
2006,2007- 7.5 + 20 M € prog. Reinforce links AU/ SROs, support
build-up of APSA.
Liaison offices for SROs in ADDIS
Recruitment, Training, Equipment for EWS, Plan Elm, ASF.
Implementation of a TA to kick-off the project, and setup a project
management unit (PMU).
Draft annual report: commitment ~= 20%
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
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Implementation/delivery
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APF managed by HQ
Joint management, Contribution Agreements with Beneficiairies
TA: monitoring, reporting, training, advice
Key issue: limited AU RECS capacity, including in financial /
administrative matters
2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF
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Additional Voluntary Contributions
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Background : AMIS – APF depleted
EC organised call for additional contributions
8 Member States responded. In total 39M €
Managed by EC. EDF procedures.
Permanent feature under 10’EDF
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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New context
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Africa-EU joint strategy
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Principles
A jointly developed & shared long-term vision
A partnership between equals, moving away from the traditional donor –
beneficiary relation
Political dialogue
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on issues of common concern (eg. peace & security)
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on key issues for development (eg. governance)
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seeking joint responses to global challenges (eg. energy; climate change)
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promoting a broad-based and wide-ranging people-centred partnership
The Strategy goes beyond:
development cooperation (eg. sciences)
institutions (eg. Non-State actors, civil society, private sector)
Africa (eg. international level: Poznan, UN)
Treating Africa as one (continent-to-continent approach)
EU test case for policy coherence, aid effectiveness, division of labour
How does it relate to Cotonou? Institutional framework
Treaty
EC/Cotonou/ENP – ESDP – others EU/3rd pilar
Multiannual
programming
European
Consensus
Political
Dialogue
Africa-EU Strategic Partnership
Policy coherence
for development
Thematic Africa-EU partnerships
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7.
8.
Peace & Security
Democratic Governance and Human Rights
Trade, Regional integration & Infrastructure
MDGs
Energy
Climate Change
Migration, Mobility & Employment
Science, Information Society & Space
Institutional architecture with multiple actors
Summit
Political
guidance
every 3 years
Ministerial Troika(s) 2 x / year
(MFA + ad hoc sectoral)
Political dialogue,
review, monitoring
EP-PAP
Senior Officials
(EU-Troika + AU extended Troika)
Annual progress
review
Expertise
8 JEGs, 1 per Partnership
Joint report
Joint Experts Groups (JEGs)
(implementation engine & coordination body)
8 EU ITs, 1
per
Partnership
EU impl.team
(EC,GSC,MS)
Inputs
AUC,
AU MS, RECs
Civil Society,
Int’l. partners
EESC-ECOSOCC
AU-EU civil
society
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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New context
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Partnership on peace and security
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Objectives:
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Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace & security
Full operationalisation of the Africa P&S Architecture (APSA)
Predictable funding for Africa-led peace support operations
The African Peace Facility 10th EDF (2008-2010) € 300M – major
deliverable of the Partnership
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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New context
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Further development of APSA
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Establishment of APSA structures at the continental and regional
levels:
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AU Peace and Security Council,
the Panel of the Wise,
the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS)
the African Standby Force (ASF)
Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) building blocks of the APSA
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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Preparation of the APF 10th EDF
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In-depth consultation process with the African side- AU and
RECs/RMs
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Based on the lessons learned and joint recommendations
– Seminar in Djibouti, November 2007
– Joint Coordination Committee of February 2008
– Consultation process in the Council, adoption in December
2008
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Fully integrated into the new context- Joint Strategy and
Partnership on Peace and Security
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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Main orientations
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Financial muscle to support the Joint Partnership on Peace and
Security
Instrument to support all the three Priorities of the Partnership
Enlarged scope to ensure an integrated approach
Enhanced flexibility
Co-financing as a permanent feature
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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Programming
Heading
Component
Allocation (3 years)
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Operationalisation of APSA and
Africa-EU dialogue
€ 65M
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Peace Support Operations
€ 200M
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Early Response Mechanism
€ 15M
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Audit, monitoring, evaluation,
technical assistance, lessons
learned and visibility
€ 7M
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Contingencies
Total
€ 13M
€ 300M
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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Early Response Mechanism
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Innovative feature of the APF
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Flexible and immediately available funding for urgent needs:
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Launch of an African-led mediation initiative
Preparation of a decision-making process and planning in view of an
African led peace operation
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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Beneficiaries
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African Union
African sub-regional organisations
Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the
African Peace and Security Architecture
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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Decision making process
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Two procedures:
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standard procedure for non-urgent interventions
accelerated procedure for urgent interventions
Choice of the procedure: COM proposal, "last word" for the
Council
Specific provisions for "small" operations (up to €10M)
Specific feature: Decision by COM with consultation and political
appropriateness decision by the Council
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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Eligibility/ DAC-ability
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Eligible costs : Non-lethal. Everything except weapons,
ammunition, military equipment, basic military salaries
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Examples : Allowances, medical, transport, valions…
Consequence : complementary funding always required
DAC’ability :
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APF 9’th EDF : non DAC’able
APF 10’th EDF : Most activities non DAC’able - but scope broadened
Commission to prepare annual report
3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF
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Coherence
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Internally within EU/EC instruments and initiatives: EDF (RIPs,
NIPs, intra-ACP), Instrument for Stability, ESDP/II pillar
EC/EU and Member States
Other partners (UN, US, Canada, …)
1st and 2nd APF – comparative table
Main features
1st APF (9th EDF)
2nd APF (10th EDF)
scope
African-led peace support operations
and relevant capacity
Conflict prevention, including mediation
Peace support operations
Post-conflict stabilization
Operationalization of APSA
Africa-EU dialogue on challenges to peace and
security
beneficiaries
AU and sub-regional organisations in
Africa
AU and sub-regional organisations in Africa
Relevant institutions/national structures within or
related to the African Peace and Security
Architecture.
allocation
In total nearly €440M for 4,5 years,
including AVCs
(almost €100M per year),
€300M for three years, without AVCs
(almost €100M per year),
flexibility
Decision making process of around 2-3
months
More flexible decision making process: introduction of
an urgent procedure
Elary Response Mechanism to be mobilised almost
immediately
co-financing
AVCs- first case of co-financing under
the 9th EDF
AVCs to become a permanent feature of the IInd APF
Open for contributions from other (non-EU) donors
Further Information
• DEV:
– Anna STRZASKA, Panafrican issues and
institutions, Peace and Security unit:
[email protected]
• AIDCO:
– Jens MOLLER, African Union and Peace Facility
unit:
[email protected]