Understanding the
Non-Functional Properties of
Services
Justin O’Sullivan
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Outline
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Who am I?
Applicability to WSMO
Motivations
Challenges
Non-Functional Properties
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Benefits of approach
Overview of models
Questions
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Who am I?
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PhD Student within the BPM Group
(http://www.bpm.fit.qut.edu.au), Queensland
University of Technology. (Dr David Edmond
and Assoc Professor Arthur ter Hofstede).
Systems Architect at GBST
(http://www.gbst.com/).
http://www.service-description.com/
Participant of BPM Center
(http://www.bpmcenter.org).
3
Applicability to WSMO
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All WSMO elements (goals, mediators,
ontologies and web services) can contain
non-functional properties.
Core Properties
•
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Dublin Core Metadata Element Set + Version
Web Service Specific Properties
•
Accuracy, Robustness, Availability, Scalability,
Financial, Security, Network-related QoS,
Transactional, Performance, Trust, Reliability
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Motivating Example
Simplistic
Filtering
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Motivating Example (Cont’d)
Proprietary
Classification
Scheme
6
Motivating Example (Cont’d)
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Motivating Example (Cont’d)
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Black & White Cleaning
ABN: 64 010 840 687
HEADING: Lawn Cutting & Maintenance
Ph: 1300 133 811Fax: (07) 3821 7388
Email: [email protected]
Website:
http://www.blackandwhitehomeservices.com.au
PRODUCTS & SERVICES: Domestic Cleaning,
Commercial Cleaning, External House Washing, Pre
Sale Cleaning, Carpet & Upholstery Cleaning
OPENING HOURS: MON 24h TUE 24h WED 24h
THU 24h FRI 24h SAT 24h SUN 24h PUB 24h
PAYMENT METHODS ACCEPTED: Bank Card,
AMEX, Visa, Master Card, Diners Club, Cheque, Cash
INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS: ABSA
ACCREDITATION: Licensed Pest Control
NO. OF EMPLOYEES: 50-100
DATE ESTABLISHED: 1985
8
Motivations
To provide a necessary pre-requisite for:
 Automated Discovery
 Automated Selection and/or Substitution
How do we achieve this?
 Increase the semantic richness of service
descriptions – particularly with respect to the
non-functional properties of services.
9
Challenges
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How do we entice service providers to
undertake the (possibly) lengthy task of
describing their service(s)?
How do we support service providers in
describing their services in ways that they
currently use?
How do we give requestors the ability to state
what they require from a service?
What level of domain independence should
we support within service descriptions?
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Non-Functional Properties
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Two halves of a service description
(functional and non-functional).
Non-functional - Anything that exhibits
constraint over the functionality.
Non-functional properties include availability
(temporal and locative), payment, price,
obligations, rights, security, trust, quality,
discounts, and penalties.
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Benefits of approach
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Domain independent approach to modelling
of non-functional properties. [80/20 rule]
Caters for conventional (bricks 'n' mortar)
and web services.
We have modelled these properties at a
conceptual level (independent of a
technology).
Recursive nature of the models.
Comprehensive (semantically rich).
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Service Provider
S1
S2
S3
90111501
47131826
82111904
ServiceIndustry
(UN/SPSC)
Capability
S1
S2
S3
S4
S1
S2
S3
S4
provides
capability of
Accommodation
Carpet Cleaning
Newspaper Home Delivery
Rewards Scheme
operates in industry
School Holiday Escape
Carpet Clean
Home Delivery
Fly Buys
ServiceName
is referred to by
S1
S2
S3
S4
Service
P1
P2
P3
P7
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
Courtyard Marriott
Electrodry
Courier-Mail
eBay
Visa
National Australia Bank
Fly Buys Rewards
ISO
Michelin
Deloitte
World Wide Web Consortium
Provider
P
P
P
P
P
Service
PartyType
(desc)
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P
P
P
P
P
P
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
is offered by
Service
Party
(id)
has provider name
Name
is service party type of
{P, R}
each Provider is a ServiceParty that is of ServicePartyType ‘P’
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Request Availability
{Capability,
IssueResolution,
Feedback,
Information}
Request
Type
S3
Capability L10
RequestLocativeAvailability
is continuously
available temporally
for requests
(S3,Capability,L10)
(S3,Capability,L10)
Service
accepts request of type..
at...
(S3,Capability,L10)
Temporal
Entity
can occur at/during
R2
Locative
Entity
can be limited to
T7
T8
has negotiable
temporal request
availability
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Provision Availability
PL1
S1
ProvisionLocativeAvailability
is the type of location that
service can be provided to
is location that service
can be provided to
has negotiable
temporal provision
availability
T7
T8
Locative
EntityType
(PL1,S1)
(PL1,S1)
L6
is offered for
service...
can be provided during/at
Locative
Entity
Service
is continuously
available temporally
for provision
PL1
Provision
Location
(id)
Temporal
Entity
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Locative Entities
LocativeCommonName
ap
Locative
EntityType
(desc)
pl
ie
s
Name
to
lo
ca
is common
name for
tio
has locative entity
type of
n
{P, O, R, A,
M, U, I, E, S,
MP, PA, SA,
SDR}
Condition
Spectrum
Locative
Entity
has locative entity
condition of
Street
Directory
Reference
EthernetAddress
IPAddress
Point
URI
Route
Address
PhoneNumber
Region
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Route
{Bus, Plane,
Rail, Highway}
RouteType
(desc)
has indicative route
type of
Route
Route
Name
has route name of
each Route is a LocativeEntity that is of LocativeEntityType ‘O’
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Route Specification
Operation
Type
Point
Route
has route … operation using ...
>=2
has route
specification of
Route
Specification
(id)
Integer+
consists of … with order of ...
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Region
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
Country
State
City
Suburb
Country
Continent
Country
City
{Country, State,
Province,Territory,
Suburb, County,
Republic, Continent ...}
RegionType
(desc)
has region
type of
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
Australia
Queensland
Brisbane
Milton
Portugal
Europe
France
Surfers Paradise
Region
Name
Region
has region
name of
Point
has alias of
each Region is a LocativeEntity that is of LocativeEntityType ‘R’
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Region Specification
Operation
Type
has regional .. operation using...
Region
has region specification of
≥3
Region
Specification
(id)
Integer+
has boundary point of .. with order ...
Point
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Temporal Entity
{DT, ITV, DUR, TIM,
A, RD, RM, RDM,
RDWM, OrdDate, CalMth,
CalDate, WkDate}
Condition
A
Temporal
EntityType
(desc)
T3
has temporal entity
condition of
T3
Midnight
is temporal entity
type for
Name
Temporal
Entity
(id)
has common
name of
TemporalCommonName
{T3, Midnight}
Temporal
Date
R1
applies to location
Time
Temporal
Interval
Temporal
Duration
Locative
Entity
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Temporal Dates
T1
T12
T13
T18
T21
2004
2004
2004
2004
2001
T22
T23
T24
T25
2003
2004
2000
2001
Year
(AD)+
Temporal
Date
has year of
*
is a leap year
Calendar
MonthDate
Ordinal
Date
Week
Date
U
U
U
U
has day of year
number of
has day of week
number of
T22
T23
T24
T25
has week number
8
9
10
4
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17
20
30
12
11
12
3
T22
T23
T24
T25
18
9
1
15
{1..31}
Month
Number+
T1
T12
T13
T21
T1
T12
T13
T21
has day of
month number of
DayOf
Month
Number+
has month number
Calendar
Date
Week
Number+
{1..52}
DayOf
Week
Number+
{1..7}
DayOf
Year
Number+
{1..366}
{1..12}
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Pricing Obligation
Temporal
Entity
OB2
T16
L6
Locative
Entity
Obligation
has price validity of...at location ...
OB2
http://___/
OB3 OB2
Relationship
Obligation
has pricing obligation
conditions of
Pricing
Obligation
is required to receive
OB2
http://___/
Condition
has refund conditions of
has negotiable price
relates to request
type of
requires customised
pricing/quote
OB2
http://___/
Procedure
has refund procedure of
OB2
OB2
DISC2
relates to
provision
PayeeDiscount
has available payee
discount of
Request
Type
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Price
Pricing
Obligation
additional capability
available at service
price of
ServicePrice
Pricing obligation ..
results in price of ..
{Abs, Pro,
Rgd, Dyn}
PriceType
(desc)
Price
(id)
is price type of
Dynamic
Price
Absolute
Price
Proportional
Price
Ranged
Price
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Price (Cont’d)
(OB2,PR1) RAC1
Right
provides right of
{GST, VAT,
FederalTax,
StateTax}
(OB2,PR1) GST
Service
Price
has inclusive tax of
TaxItem
(desc)
Region
has exclusive tax of
(OB2,PR1) Exact
valid only with usage of
additional service
Service
has modifier of
GST
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R1
has tax rate of .. for region...
PriceModifier
(desc)
{Exact, Limited to,
From, Inclusive}
Percent
(%)+
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Price Granularity
IG1
IG2
1
1
Number+
has cardinality of
IG1 adult
IG2 night
(OB2,PR1) IG1
(OB2,PR1) IG2
person
time
Granularity
(desc)
Item
Granularity
has price granularity of
Service
Price
adult
night
®
U
has granularity of
IG1
IG2
has unit of
1
2
ItemGranularity
Number+
UnitOfMeasure
(desc)
has number of
Item
(desc)
relates to
®
for each ItemGranularity: ItemGranularityNumber values are sequential from 1
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Rights
RightOf
Extension
RightOf
Refusal
RightOf
Access
has right type of
Right
Type
(desc)
{R, E, X, C, S,
T, P, W, D, I,
O, L}
RightOf
Recourse
Name
has right name
RightOf
Suspension
Right
(id)
Temporal
Entity
has temporal validity of
RightOf
Termination
Service
PartyType
RightOf
Privacy
RightOf
Warranty
is granted to
RightOf
Disclosure
RightOf
CoolingOffPeriod
RightOf
Liability
Limitation
RegisteredIP
Right
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Quality
STD1
STD4
2
1.1
Version
Number+
has version of
STD1
STD3
ISO Technical Committee 176
Deloitte
ServiceIndustry
Author
Name
is publisher of
has author of
STD1
STD2
STD3
STD4
P8
P9
P10
P11
STD1 Quality management systems:
Fundamentals and Vocabulary
STD2 Michelin Guide France 2004
STD3 Hotel Benchmark Survey
STD4 Web Service Description Language
Provider
is publisher of
Standard
su
has name
STD1
STD2
STD3
STD4
pe
rs
of
T24
T18
T18
T25
Title
Name
U
ed
es
Temporal
Date
has publication date of
Standard
LevelName
STD1
Published
is supported conformance
level for
R7
Status
Name
has status of
STD2
Region
Locative
Entity
is coverage of
is available at
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Next Steps
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Interested in augmenting this work with an
existing standard.
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Undertake validation of this work as part of
the completion of my PhD studies (July 05 –
Jan 06).

Determine other applications (Perhaps
decision support wrt services).
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Sources and References
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Justin O'Sullivan, David Edmond and Arthur HM ter
Hofstede. Formal description of non-functional service
properties. Technical Report FIT-TR-2005-01, Centre for
Information Technology Innovation, Queensland
University of Technology, 2005.
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http://www.bpm.fit.qut.edu.au/about/docs/nonfunctional.jsp
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Made available via:
http://www.service-description.com/
J O'Sullivan, D Edmond & AHM ter Hofstede, What's in a
Service? Towards Accurate Description of NonFunctional Service Properties, Distributed and Parallel
Databases, 2(2-3):117-133, 2002.
Yellow Pages (Australia)
http://www.yellowpages.com.au/
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Questions
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Any questions??
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