Sở Giáo dục TPHCM
ANH NGỮ THẾ KHÔI
NGỮ PHÁP
LỚP 10
*Chuyên dạy Anh văn trẻ em từ lớp 1-5
*Luyện thi: STARTERS , MOVERS ,
FLYERS, KET, PET…..IELTS
*Anh Văn phổ thông từ lớp 6->12.
(dạy theo sách bộ GD + Oxford)
*Anh Văn giao tiếp – văn phòng
Cơ sở 1 : 417/9 Quang Trung p.10 Q.GòVấp.
(quẹo hẻm quán 2 con bò) 0903166450
Trụ sở công ty : 8 Thống Nhất p. 11. Q. Gò Vấp
(gần bệnh viện Hồng Đức) 01643140300
www.anhnguthekhoi.edu.vn
unit 1 : Review Tenses
Tenses
1. Simple present (Hiện tại đơn):
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
He / she / it + V-s /es
He / she / it + doesn’t + V
Does + he / she / it +V?
I / You / We/ They +V I / You / We / They +don’t + V
Do + I / you / we / they +V?
 Use:
a. Diễn tả thói quen ở hiện tại
b. Diễn tả sự thật, chân lí
 Trạng từ thường gặp: usually, often, always, sometimes, as a rule, normally, ever, never…
Ex: My father usually gets up at 5. a.m
- Mrs Lien doesn’t know how to use a computer.
- Where do you live?
Bài tập :
Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Hiện Tại Đơn:
1.
I (be) ________ at school at the weekend.
2.
She (not study) ________ on Friday.
3.
My students (be not) ________ hard working.
4.
He (have) ________ a new haircut today.
5.
I usually (have) ________ breakfast at 7.00.
6.
She (live) ________ in a house?
7.
Where your children (be) ________?
8.
My sister (work) ________ in a bank.
9.
Dog (like) ________ meat.
10. She (live)________ in Florida.
2. Present continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn)
S + am / is / are + Ving
 Use:
a. Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở thời điểm nói
b. Diễn tả dự định tương lai có mốc thời gian cụ thể.
 Trạng từ thường gặp: now, at present, at this moment, right now
Ex: - We are learning English now
- My mother isn’t cooking lunch at this moment.
- What are you doing this evening?
IV: Đặt các động từ vào mẫu chính xác
1, It (get) ....... dark. Shall I turn on the light?
2, They don't have any where to live at the moment. They(stay) ...... with friends until they find
somewhere.
3, Why are all these people here? What (happen). .........?
4, Where is your mother? She ........ (have) dinner in the kitchen 5, The student (not, be) ..... in class at
present
6, Some people (not drink) ............ coffee now.
7, At present, he (compose) ............ a piece of music
8, We (have) ............. dinner in a resataurant right now
V: Hoàn tất các cuộc hội thoại
1,
A: I saw Brian a few day ago.
B: oh, did you? (what/he/do) .......... these day 2,
A: Psychology.
B: (he/enjoy).......it?
3.
A: hi,Liz. How(you/get/on).............in your new job.
B: No bad.It's wasn't so good at first, but (things/get) ..... better now.
3. Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành):
S+ have/ has/ + PP
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
He / She / It + has + PP
He / She / It +hasn’t + PP
Has+ He / She / It +PP?
I / You / We/ They + have + PP I / You / We / They + haven’t + PP Have+ I / You / We / They + PP?
 Use:
a. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại
b. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ để lại kết quả ở hiện tại
c. Diễn tả kinh nghiệm
 Trạng từ thường gặp : never, just, ever, recently, already, yet, lately, for, since, so far, up to no.
- My mother has just bought a new car.
- Tom hasn’t eaten Chinese food before
- How long have you lived here?
1. Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) This is the first time he went abroad.=>
He hasn’t…………………............................................................................
2) She started driving 1 month ago.
=> She ha...………………………………………......................................
3) We began eating when it started to rain.
=> We have……………………………....................................................
4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.
=> I haven’t…………………………………................................................
5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
=> She hasn’t………………………………….................................................
6) It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven’t………………………………………........................................
7) When did you have it ?
=> How long …………………………………………................................?
8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal .
=> I haven’t……………………………………............................................
9) I haven’t seen him for 8 days.
=> The last …………………..……………..................................................
10) I haven’t taken a bath since Monday.
=> It is ………………………………………………..........................................................
4. Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)
khẳng định
phủ định
nghi vấn
S+ V-ed / V2
S+ didn’t + V
Did + S + V?
 Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ, có thời gian xác định
 Trạng từ thường gặp : yestersay, ago, last….
Ex : - I went to three days ago
- Did you watch TV last night?
- Peter didn’t stay at home yesterday evening
VII. Write the questions with “Did…….?”and give the answer with “Yes / No:
They played soccer yesterday afternoon
- Did they play soccer yesterday afternoon?
- Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.
1. He sent a letter to his penpal last week.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. She taught us English last year.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
3. They did their homework carefully.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
4. The Robinsons bought a lot of souvenirs.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
5. Tourist ate seafood at that famous restaurant.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
6. The teacher gave her students a lot of homeworks.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
7. His uncle took him to se Cham temple.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
8. Liz bought a lot of souvenirs.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
9. They put the fish in a big bag.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
10. Ba wore the cap with a dolphin on it.
...........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
5. Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) :
S+ was/ were + Ving
 Use: Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm quá khứ
Ex: - I was watching TV at 5 p.m yesterday.
- Were they having lunch when you called?
II. Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn 1. I ________________ (call) Mr Wilson at 9 last
night, but he (not be)_________________at home. He (study) _______________ at the library 2. I
_________________ (not hear) the thunder during the storm last night because I ________________
(sleep) 3. It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park. The sun______________(shine).
The birds_____________(sing) 4. My brother and sister ________________ (talk) about something when I
________________ (walk) into the room. 5. Tom went to his friends ‘house, but the boys
___________________ (not be) there. They (play)_____________soccer in the vacant lot down the street.
6. The little boy _______________ (fall) asleep while his mother___________________ (read) him a
story. 7. I really enjoyed my holiday last January. While it_______________(snow) in Iowa, the sun
______________ (shine) in Florida. 8. While Ted _______________ (shovel) snow from his driveway
yesterday, his wife _________________ (bring) him a cup of hot chocolate. Bài tập Tiếng Anh Page 2 of 2
9. John _________________ (have) a car accident last week. He __________________ (drive) down the
street when suddenly a lorry __________________ (hit) his car from behind. 10. Ten years ago, the
government _______________ (decide) to begin a food programme. At that time, many people in the rural
areas _______________ (starve) due to several years of drought. 11. They ___________________(wait)
for me when I _________________ at the station (arrive) 12. She ________________ (swim) in the sea
when I ___________________ her (see) 13. ___________________they__________________(play)
tennis when it _________________ raining (start)? 14. We __________________ (drive) home from the
theatre when the police __________________(stop) us. 15. The wind __________________ (blow) very
hard when I ________________(go) out this morning. 16. When she _____________________ (leave)
him, he _____________________ (become) quite ill. 17. I _______________(be) looking for some photos
when you rang but I ______________(not find) them.
6. Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
S+ had + PP
 Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước 1 hành động khác ở quá khứ.
S + V2 / didn’t + V + after + S + had + Vpp
S + had + Vpp + before + S + V2 / didn’t + V
- By the time
- When
+ Vpast ; S + Had + Vpp
- Until
III. Rewrite the sentences beginning as shown:
1. David went home before we arrived.
When we ……………………………………………………………………………..
After ………………………………………………………………………………….
2. We had snack then we had a look around the shops.
After……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The light failed the moment they began work.
They had no sooner …………………………………………………………………….
No sooner……………………………………………………………………………….
Hardly ………………………………………………………………………………….
4. We had never been so happy before.
We were………………………………………………………………………………...
5. I went to the zoo last year and that was where I saw a real tiger for the first time.
Before …………………………………………………………………………………..
6. I like you didn’t go to the party yesterday.
I’d rather you …………………………………………………………………………...
7. The man was poor so he could not afford accommodation.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. My teacher gave me a lot of homework.
I wish……………………………………………………………………………………
9. He didn’t obey with his parents.
I’d rather he……………………………………………………………………………..
10. She didn’t take that job in the city because his home was very far from there.
If his home …………………………………………………………………………….
THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN
1. To be:
S+ will/shall + be + Adj/noun
Ex: He will probably become a
successful businessman
2. Verb:
S+will/shall+V-infinitive
Ex: Ok. I will help you to deal with this.
THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN
1. To be:
S+be going to+be+adj/noun
Ex: She is going to be an actress
soon
2. Verb:
S + be going to + V-infinitive
Ex: We are having a party this
weekend
II. Hoàn thành các câu sau:
1. A: “There's someone at the door.” B: “I _________________________ (get) it.” 2. Joan thinks the
Conservatives ________________________ (win) the next election.
3. A: “I’m moving house tomorrow.” B: “I _________________________ (come) and help you.” 4. If she
passes the exam, she _________________________ (be) very happy.
5. I _________________________ (be) there at four o'clock, I promise.
6. A: “I’m cold.” B: “I _________________________ (turn) on the fire.” 7. A: “She's late.” B: “Don't
worry she _________________________ (come).” 8. The meeting _________________________ (take)
place at 6 p.m.
9. If you eat all of that cake, you _________________________ (feel) sick.
10. They _________________________ (be) at home at 10 o'clock.
11. I'm afraid I _________________________ (not / be) able to come tomorrow.
12. Because of the train strike, the meeting _____________(not / take) place at 9 o'clock.
13. A: “Go and tidy your room.” B: “I _________________________ (not / do) it!”
Bài tập Tiếng Anh
3
14. If it rains, we _________________________ (not / go) to the beach.
15. In my opinion, she _________________________ (not / pass) the exam.
16. A: “I'm driving to the party, would you like a lift?” B: “Okay, I _________________________ (not /
take) the bus, I'll come with you.” 17. He _________________________ (not / buy) the car, if he can't
afford it.
18. I've tried everything, but he _________________________ (not / eat).
19. According to the weather forecast, it ____________________ (not / snow) tomorrow.
20. A: “I'm really hungry.” B: “In that case we _________________________ (not / wait) for John.”
(he / get) here?
TENSE REVIEW
Identify the mistakes:
1. A fax machine used to send and receive letters quickly.
A
B
C
D
2. The young has future in their hands. Do you think so?
A
B
C
D
3. Has a new hospital for children built in your city?
A
B
C D
4. The film is about a boy which lost all money in the fire.
A
B
C
D
5. Two new houses have just been build here.
A
B
C
D
6. I have met my wife ten years ago.
A
B
C
D
7. A dump is a person whom cannot speak.
A
B
C
D
8. He decided to buy a computer in spite of he didn’t have much money.
A
B
C
D
9. They intend to make a two – weeks excursion next month.
A
B
C
D
10. She couldn’t come in time because of she missed the bus.
A
B
C
D
11. How much students are there in your class ?
A
B
C
D
12. Who do you use a dictionary for?
A B
C
D
13. If it rains, we had to cancel the meeting scheduled for today
A
B
C
D
14. I haven't met him since a long time.
A
B
C
D
15. The person which can not see anything is called a blind person.
A
B
C
D
16. We had to cancel the match because the bad weather.
A
B
C
D
18. She avoided to talk to me because I tried to tell a lie to her.
A
B
C
D
19. She was sad after she reads her boyfriend’s letter.
A B C
D
20. After she had had lunch, she had taken a nap.
A
B
CD
TENSES
1. The boy knew that an hour………….sixty minutes.
a. had
b. had had
c. has
d. will be
2. The Pikes……….here since last October.
a. lived
b. have lived
c. had lived
d. are living
3. I……………Arthur three weeks ago.
a. meet
b. will meet
c. had met
d. met
4. John………..TV at eight o’clock last night.
a. was watching
b. watched
c. watches
d. is watching
5. Our English teacher………..that lesson to us tomorrow.
a. explains
b. explained
c. will explain
d. has explained
6. I usually………….at home.
a. stayed
b. stay
c. have stayed d. will…….stay
7. ………..you………..TV last night?
a. Do…..watch
b. Are……..watching c. Did…….watch
d. Had……..watched
8. What………..you……..at six p.m. yesterday?
a. do…….do
b. were……doing
c. did……..do d. have………done
9. I don’t know where my parents…………..yesterday.
a. are
b. were
c. have been
d. will be
10. I…………Tom recently.
a. don’t see
b. didn’t see
c. won’t see
d. haven’t seen
EXERCISES
Make questions for the underlined words or phrases
1. She went to school by bus yesterday
→ how did she go to school yesterday.
2. He bought this hat at the shop over there.
→...................................................................................................................
3. It took me three hours to finish my hmoework.
→...................................................................................................................
4. I need a phone card to phone my parents.
→...................................................................................................................
5. It’s about 500 km from Lai Chau to Ha Noi.
→...................................................................................................................
6. I saw her last night.
→...................................................................................................................
7. Her neighbor gave her a nice dress.
→...................................................................................................................
8. They returned to America two weeks ago.
→...................................................................................................................
9. Mrs. Robinson bought a poster.
→...................................................................................................................
10. My father was in Ha Noi last month.
→...................................................................................................................
11. He traveled to Nha Trang by train.
→...................................................................................................................
12. She went to the doctor because she was sick.
→...................................................................................................................
13. Nam left home at 7 o’clock yesterday.
→...................................................................................................................
14. He taught English in the high school.
→...................................................................................................................
15. The homework was very difficult yesterday.
→...................................................................................................................
16. There are many roses in the garden.
→...................................................................................................................
17. Liz will send these letters to her friends.
→...................................................................................................................
18. My favorite subject is Math.
→...................................................................................................................
19. I go to the movie once a week.
→...................................................................................................................
20. Yes, he is. (He is good at drawing)
→...................................................................................................................
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
PART A: STRUCTURES
Punctuation
 When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses.
Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch. .
 When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma.
Example: He gave me a call when he arrived in town.
 The time in the sentence is future but we use a present tense.
Ex: wait here until I come back. (not until I will come back)
 We can also use the present perfect tense after: when/after/as soon as/until or till
Can I borrow that book when you have finished it?
It is often possible to use the present tense or the present perfect tense
Ex: I will come as soon as I finish. Or I will come as soon as I have finished.
Adverbial Clauses of Time
When
He was talking on the phone when I arrived.
When she called, he had already eaten lunch.
I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.
We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.
'When' means 'at that moment, at that time, etc. ‘Notice the different tenses used in relationship to the
clause beginning with when. It is important to remember that 'when' takes either the simple past
Ex:
1- When/ I /meet/ her/ I / know / how/ love/ a girl
2- When / I / see/ him/ first/ my heart / to be/ warm.
3- We/ have/ a travel/ when/ we / study/ at The khoi English center
4- I/ drop/ lover/ when/ we / have / argument/ last week
5- When we/ kiss/ together / the living/ my parents/ come
Before
We will finish before he arrives.
She (had) left before I telephoned.
'Before' means 'before that moment'. It is important to remember that 'before' takes either the simple past
OR the present.
Ex: 1- Before / I have / awedding/ we/ fall / in love / during 5 years
2- Before / he/ come/ here/ he / buy/ this rose/ her
3- We / study/ English at Thekhoi center / before/ we/ leave / here
After
We will finish after he comes.
She ate after I (had) left.
'After' means 'after that moment'. It is important to remember that 'after' takes the present for future events
and the past OR past perfect for past events.
1234-
After / we/ leave/ this town/ we/ become / the richest men
We/ tobe/happy/ after/ we/ live/ together / during 10 years
My family/ have/ dinner/ after/ we/ cook/ a good meal
After/ we/ study/ English / at THE KHOI center/ we/ become / a good student
While, as
She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.
As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.
'While' and 'as' mean 'during that time'. 'While' and 'as' are both usually used with the past continuous
because the meaning of 'during that time' which indicates an action in progress.
Ex:
1- while/ we/ work/ hard / on the farm/ we/ find / the big snake
2- As / I / buy/ a cake/ at Kinh DO/ we/ see/ an accident
3- While/ my teacher/ explain/ new lessons/ at The khoi center/ my phone/ ring
By the time
By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.
We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.
'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another. It is important to notice
the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause. This is
because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time.
1- By the time, we/ tobe/ happy/ we/ have/ two children
2- We/ visit/ this country/ by the time/ we/ arrive
3- By the time/ my country/ have/ the meeting, we/to be/ happy/ stay / home
Until, till
We waited until he finished his homework.
I'll wait till you finish.
'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time'. We use either the simple present or simple past with 'until' and 'till'.
'Till' is usually only used in spoken English.
1- We/ live/ together / until/ we/ become / the eldest people / in this town
2- We/ study/ Thekhoi center/ until/ we / have / a good job
3- My father/ take care me/ until/ he /to be/ a old man
Since
I have played tennis since I was a young boy.
They have worked here since 1987.
'Since' means 'from that time'. We use the present perfect (continuous) with 'since'. 'Since' can also be used
with a specific point in time.
1- Since / I/ study/ Englih / at TheKhoi center/ we/ become/ good students
2- Since/ we/ see/ a ghost/ we/ leave / this house
3- we/ live/ this town/ we/ since / the war happen
As soon as/ Once
He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).
As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.
Once I have a chance, I will throw you an ice ball.
Ex:
1- Once / we/ study / English / at Thekhoi Center/ we/ find / a new job
2- Once/ we/ buy/ a small house/ we/ live/ here
3- As soon as/ we/ leave/ this town/ the storm / happen
'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterwards'. 'As soon as' is very similar to
'when' it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other. We usually use the simple
present for future events, although present perfect can also be used.
NOTE: No sooner … than … or hardly/scarcely/barely …when. . is used in the meaning of As soon
as…but when the sentence starts with them, that part is used in “inversion” like the question form and in
the past perfect tense.
Examples:
As soon as I entered the room, I noticed her.
No sooner had I entered the room than I noticed her.
Hardly had I entered the room when I noticed her.
As soon as he approached the house, the policeman stopped him.
No sooner had he approached the house than the policeman stopped him.
Hardly had he approached the house when the policeman stopped him.
23. ______ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came.
A. Hardly had
B. No sooner had C. No longer has
D. Not until had
Whenever, every time
Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's".
We take a hike every time he visits.
Whenever/Every time Susan feels nervous, she chews her nails.
'Whenever' and 'every time' mean 'each time something happens'. We use the simple present (or the simple
past in the past) because 'whenever' and 'every time' express habitual action.
The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time
The first time I had gone to New York, I was intimidated by the city.
I saw Jack the last time I had gone to San Francisco.
The second time I had played tennis, I began to have fun.
The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time means 'that specific time'. We can use these forms to be
more specific about which time of a number of times something happened.
Ex:
1- This is the first time we/ study / English / Thekhoi center/ we / get/ a big present
2- This is the last time/ my teacher/ explain / this lesson/ we/ are/ happy
3- This is the first time/ we/ have/ a sweet kiss / we/ love/ 2 years
PART B: EXERCISES
A. CHOOSE THE BEST CHOICE:
1. Lan has learnt English since she_________ a small girl.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
2. Don’t go anywhere until I_________ back.
A. come
B. came
C. will come
3. Before cars_________, people_________ horses and bicycles.
A. were discovered/ had used
B. discovering/ had used
C. had discovered/ used D. discovered/ had used
4. I am going to speak with the boss when the meeting _______.
A. will end
B. ends
C. is ending
5. When we_________ him tomorrow, we will remind him of that.
A. will see
B. see
C. am seeing
6. When he comes, I_________ her the news.
A. tell
B. will tell
C. would tell
7. When the police came, they _________.
A. are fighting
B. fought
C. would be fighting
8. Before she came to England, she _________ English.
A. studied
B. will study
C. had studied
9. I have lost touch with him _________ He left for London.
A. as soon as
B. after
C. before
10. My mother is washing the dishes _________ my father is watching television.
A. when
B. while
C. as
11. _______, I will give him the report.
A. When he will return B. When he returns
C. Until he will return D. No sooner he returns
12. _______ the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire.
A. Until
B. No sooner
C. By the time
13. I have earned my own living _______ I was seven.
A. since
B. when
C. while
14. We saw many beautiful birds _______ in the lake.
A when we are fishing B. while fishing
C. while fished
D. fishing
15. _______, Peter came to see me.
A. While having dinner B. While I was having dinner
C. When having dinner D. When lam having dinner
16. _______ my homework, I went to bed.
D. had been
D. am coming
D. would end
D. saw.
D. would have told
D. were fighting
D was studying
D. since
D. since
D. After
D. as soon as
A. After I had finished B. After finished
C. Finished
D. After had finished
17. _______ the dance, Jerry said good-bye to his girlfriend.
A. Before left
B. Before he leaves
C. Before leaving
D. Before he will
leave
18. Jones _______ after everyone _______.
A. speaks / will eat
B. will speak / has eaten
C. is speaking / eats
D. has spoken / will have eaten
19. _______, Joe stays in bed and reads magazines.
A. Whenever raining
B. As it will be raining C. When it will rain
D. Whenever it
rains
20. _______ in Rome than he was kidnapped.
A. No sooner he arrived B. Had he no sooner arrived
C. No sooner had he arrived
D. No sooner he had arrived
21. _______ Peter gets here, we will congratulate him.
A. As soon as
B. After
C. No sooner
D. Since
22. Mrs. Pike _______ the door before the customers arrived.
A. had opened
B. will open
C. would open
D. has open
23. After Mariana _______ her exam, I _______ her out to eat.
A. was finishing / would take
B. finished / had taken
C. will finish / have taken
D. has finished / will take
24. Mary will have finished all her work _______.
A. as soon as her boss returned
B. until her boss will return
C. by the time her boss returns
D. when he-r boss will return
25. She went on crying, with her head sunk into a pillow, and cried and cried _______ the pillow was wet
through.
A. before
B. after
C. until
D. while
26. _________ you finish typing that report make five copies of it and give it to aloof the officers.
A. While
B. When
C. But
D. Although
27. When the passenger ________, will you please give him this package?
A. will arrive
B. arrives
C. would arrives
D. arriving
28. They were playing in the garden when_______.
A. they have heard a scream
B. they were hearing a scream
C. they heard a scream D. they had heard a scream
29. He cleaned his shoes_______ they shone.
A. when
B. after
C. while
D. until
30. I had no sooner lit the barbecue _______ it started to rain.
A. as
B. while
C. than
D. that
31. When the paint_______ it'll change from a light to a deep red.
A. dry
B. dries
C. dried
D. will dry
32. When_______ older I'd love to be an artist.
A. I'm
B. I'll be
C. was
D. have been
33. By the time he retires, he_______ $20,000.
A. will save
B. has saved
C. had saved
D. will have saved
34. When I_______ here for fifteen years I'll be entitled to a pension.
A. work
B. am working
C. have worked
D. had worked
B. Rewrite using the words in brackets:
1. As soon as he went into the bank, one of the robbers attacked him. (No sooner…than. . .)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
2. She fell asleep as soon as she lay down. (Hardly . . . when. . .)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
3. As soon as he stepped into the bathroom, the cell phone rang. (No sooner …than. . .)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
4. He read the reading passage first. Immediately after that he answered the questions. (Hardly/when)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
5. As soon as he saw her, he recognised her. (No sooner… than…)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
C. Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense
1. How long do you want me to heat the oil? –heat it till it (begin) to smoke.
2. How long are you going to stay here?
- I’m going to stay here until my brother (finish) his exams.
3. When I (get) to the cinema, the film (start).
4. By the time you (read) this book, your meal will get cold.
5. Please tell me how to get to the hospital? - Go till you (come) to a square with a statue in the middle;
then turn left and you (find) it on your right.
6. I (read) book while my sister (do) her homework.
7. When he (come), I (watch) a football match on TV.
8. When I (walk) down the street, I (see) her.
9. We will go with him as soon as we (finish) the task.
10. I (learn) English since I (be) six years old.
11. When we (see) them last night, they (sing). They (say) they (sing) since 6 o'clock.
12. I hope it (not rain) when the bride (leave) the church tomorrow.
13. In a few minutes' time, when the clock (strike) six, I (wait) here for 3 hours.
14. John (do) the test again at the moment because he (not pass) it the first time.
15. I wish I (listen) to your advice last night. When I (be) able to leave hospital, doctor?
16. I will stay with you until your mother (come) home.
17. After he had got the money, he (leave) home immediately.
18. When he (arrive), he will tell us the truth.
19. Mary was dancing while John (sing).
20. The train left as we (arrive).
Homework: Supply the correct tenses:
1. After (1. leave) ……………………………….. school when she was 18, Laura (2. go)
……………………………….. to Bristol university for three years. While she (3. be)
……………………………….. at university, Laura (4. join) ……………………………….. a university folk
group and started singing. It was at this time that she (5. write) ……………………………….. her famous
song “The Price of Peace”.
2. A friend of mine, Judith Nelson, (1. presently, work) ……………………………….. in the international
sales division at an electronics firm. She (2. just, return) ……………………………….. from a trip to Japan.
She (3. be) ……………………………….. asked to go there because she can speak Japanese. For four
years, she (4. never have) ……………………………….. the opportunity to use her Japanese until she (5.
go) ……………………………….. to Tokyo last month. While she (6. be) ………………………………..
there, she (7. speak) ……………………………….. Japanese everyday and (8. enjoy)
……………………………….. very much of it.
3. Mary (1. have) ……………………………….. to go to New York last week, but she almost (2. miss)
……………………………….. the plane. She (3. stand) ……………………………….. in the queue at the
check-in desk when she suddenly (4. realize) ……………………………….. that she (5. leave) her passport
at home. Fortunately, she (6. not live) ……………………………….. very far from the airport so she (7.
have) ……………………………….. time to go back home to get the passport. She (8. get)
……………………………….. back to the airport just in time for her flight.
4. I (1. be) ……………………………….
born in France but my family (2. move)
……………………………….
to England when I (3.be) ……………………………….
twelve and I (4. live) ………………………………. here ever since. I (5. leave)
………………………………. school three years ago and for the past six months, I(6. work)
………………………………. in Hall department store.
In the evenings, I often play chess with my next-door neighbour. I (1. play) ……………. chess with him
ever since I (2. come) ……………. to live here ten years ago. He (3.be) ……………. here all his life; he (4.
inherit)
I. Động từ đi với gerund:
admit
: thừa nhận
mind
: ngại
anticipate
: liệu trước
postpone
: trì hoãn
appreciate
: đánh giá cao
practise
: luyện tập
avoid
: tránh
resent
: phật ý, oán
be worth
: đáng (được)
recollect
: hồi tưởng
can’t help
: không thể tránh
risk
: liều lĩnh
complete
: hoản thành
spend
: dùng, trãi qua
consider
: xem xét, can nhắc
suggest
: gợi ý, đề nghị
defer
: hoãn lại
tolerate
: chịu đưng, tha thou
delay
: trì hoãn
understand
: hiểu
deny
: phủ nhận
forgive
: tha thứ
dislike / detest
: không thích
encourage
: khuyến khích
dread
: sợ
imagine
: tưởng tượng
encourage
: khuyến khích
mention
: đề cập
enjoy
: thích
miss
: bỏ lở
escape
: thoát khỏi
It’s no use / good
: Vô ích
fancy
: thích
to look forward to
: mong, đợi
finish
: hoàn thành
can’t bear / stand
: không thể chịu được
involve
: bao gồm, liên quan have difficulty / trouble: có vấn đề, gặp khó khăn
keep
: tiếp tục
Các giới từ: on / in/ to/ at/ up/ with….
Ex:
She admitted stealing his money.
This job involves meeting people.
Do you enjoy going to the beach?
II. Những động từ sau được sử dụng với hai cấu trúc:
advise recommend encourage allow permit
V + Ving
V + object+ to V0
He doesn’t allow smoking in his house.
He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house.
III. Động từ theo sau là Ving hay to-infinitive: (Không thay đổi nghĩa)
begin / start
can’t bear
can’t stand
continue
dread
: bắt đầu
: không thể chịu đựng
: không thể chịu đựng
: tiếp tục
: kinh sợ
hate
like
love
neglect
prefer
: ghét
: thích
: yêu
: lơ là
: thích hơn
Ex: She began working / to work on the project.
IV. Đông từ theo sau là Ving hoặc to-infinitive: (thay đổi nghĩa)
Forget: quên
Remember: nhớ
Stop: ngưng
Try + to-inf : cố gắng
Try + Ving : thử
Mean + to-inf: muốn
Mean + Ving: nghĩa là
Regret + to-inf : rất tiếc
Regret + Ving : hối hận
Don’t forget to send me a postcard. (quên để làm)
I will never forget working with you. (quên đã làm)
Remember to do your homework. (nhớ để làm)
Do you remember meeting the president last year? (nhớ đã làm)
He stopped to smoke when he was driving. ( ngưng để làm)
We tried to win the game, but we failed.
Have you ever tried windsurfing?
I mean to take a trip to Canada.
A trip to Da Lat means spending much money.
We regret to say that your application can’t be accepted.
He regrets not going to her friend’s birthday party.
V. Động từ theo sau các động từ döôùi ñaây là V0:
Make: khiến
Let: cho phép
Have: nhờ
Help: giúp đỡ
Used to :
Had better
Would rather….(than)
My mother makes me study.
They let him go.
I had him wash my car.
Advertising helps (to) sell more products.
She used to help me when I lived in Dalat in 1997
You had better come back home and take a rest.
we would rather die than be slaves
I'd rather walk than take a bus
VI. Theo sau động từ chỉ giác quan là to V hoặc V0
When I came home I had seen someone opening the door
see
hear + O + Ving
smell
notice
I noticed an old man cross the street
see
hear + O + V0
smell
notice
VII. Ñoäng töø ñi sau caùc ñoäng töø döôùi ñaây thöôøng ôû daïng to V0
Agree
Offer
Decide
Appear
Ask
Would prefer Remind Enable
Want
Refuse
Attempt Plan
Seem
Expect Would like
Warn
Teach
Learn
Promise
Manage Arrange Pretend Mean
Dare
Force
Persuade Tell
Threaten Fail
Hope
Afford
Help
tend
Invite
get
Order
Exercise 1: Give the the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Before (give) ______________evidence you must swear (speak) ______________the truth.
2. I tried (persuade) ____________________him (agree) ___________________with your proposal.
3. Your windows need (clean) _____________.Would you like me (do) ___________them for you.
4. Would you mind (shut) _______________the window? I hate (sit) _______________in a draught.
5. I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a draught.
6. Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter.
7. His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________.
8. My watch keeps (stop) _____________________.
9. People used (make) ___________________fire by (rub) _________________two sticks together.
10. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
11. If you go on (let) __________your dog (chase) __________cars he will end by (be) _____________run
over.
12. I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven.
13. I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat at once.
14. Would you mind (lend) _____________me some money? I forgot (cash) __________ a cheque.
15. (Lie) _____________on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _____________in the office.
16. She like her children (go) _____________to the dentist every six months.
17. An instructor is coming (show) _____________us how (use) _____________the machine.
18. I have no intention of (go) _____________to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _____________my
favorite actress in such dreadful part.
19. I suggest (telephone) ________the hospitals before (ask) _________the police (look) _________for
him.
20. After (hear) ____________the conditions I decided (not enter) ____________for the competition.
21. Some people seem (have) ___________the passion for (write) _____________to the newspapers.
22. He expects me (answer) __________by return but I have no intention of (reply) __________at all.
23. He postponed (make) _____________a decision until it was too late (do) ____________anything.
24. Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it.
25. There is no point in (remain) ________in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help)
___________the people who have (stay) _____________ there.
26. The horse won’t be well enough (run) _____________in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem (have)
_____________recovered from his long journey.
27. At first I enjoyed (listen) _____________to him but after a while I got tired of (hear)
_____________the same story again and again.
28. She is not eager (start) _____________her job.
29. Do stop (talk)_____________ I am trying (finish) _____________the report
30. He tried (put) _____________on the shirt to see whether it fit him or not.
31. He wore dark glasses (avoid) _____________. (recognize) _____________
32. I advised you (start) _____________ (look) _____________…. For a flat at once.
33. I can’t help (sneeze) ____________ I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) _____________ in a draught.
34. He had to pay for the (break)_____________ glass.
35. It’s very hot. I’d like (go) _____________ out for awalk.
36. Those boys are very lazy. They feel like (play) _____________all the time.
37. Most all people would prefer (live) _____________ in the country.
39. I prefer (drive) _____________ to (drive) _____________.
40. He has failed in the exam, and he regrets (be) _____________.so lazy before.
41. Try (forget) _____________. It; it isn’t worth (worry) _____________about.
42. It took me along time (recover) _____________from the shock.
43. She would rather (stay) _____________ at home tonight.
44. This test is not easy (do) _____________.
45. I heard them (talk) _____________about me when I entered the room.
46. They often go (swim) _____________ in the river nearby.
47. At first I enjoyed (listen) _____________. to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) __________ the
same story again again.
48. Our teacher has promised (help) _____________ us (prepare) _____________… for the exam.
49. I have decided (allow) _____________. My friend (do) ____________ as she pleases.
50. He spends his free time (collect) __________stamps, he has taken up (do) __________ this for a long
time.
Unit 3
Relative clause
ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
I.
CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
1. Who: -Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để làm chủ ngữ cho
động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau who là một động từ
Eg:
The man who is sitting by the fire is my father.
->That is the boy who helped me to find your house.
2. Whom: -Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm tân ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để làm tân ngữ cho
động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau whom là một chủ ngữ
Eg:
The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
->The boy whom we are looking for is Tom.
3. Which:Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó. -Theo sau which
có thể là một động từ hoặc một chủ ngữ.
Eg:
This is the book. I like it best.=> This is the book which I like best.
The hat is red. It is mine.=> The hat which is red is mine.
-Khi which làm tân ngữ, ta có thể lược bỏ which
Eg:
This is the book I like best . .The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very beautiful.
4. That: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật, có thể được dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trong
mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restricted Clause (Mệnh đề xác định)
Eg: That is the book that I like best.=>That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom.
My father is the person that I admire most.
I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park.
5.Whose:Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, thay cho tính từ sở hữu.
Whose cũng được dùng cho of which.
-Theo sau Whose luôn là 1 danh từ
Eg: The boy is Tom. You borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
=> The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.
John found a cat. Its leg was broken.
 John found a cat whose leg was broken.
III. CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
1. When: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ thời gian, dùng thay cho at, on, in +
which, then
Eg:
May Day is the day when people hold a meeting. (= on which)
I’ll never forget the day when I met her.
(=on which)
That was the time when he managed the company. (= at which)
2. Where: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi trốn, thay cho a, on, in + which; there)
Eg:
That is the house where we used to live. (= in which)
Do you know the country where I was born?
Hanoi is the place where I like to come.
3. Why: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for the reason”
Eg:
Please tell me the reason why you are so sad. (= for which)
He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before.
IV. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: có ba loại mệnh đề quan hệ
1.Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định ( restrictive relative clause)
-Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là bộ phận quan trọng của câu,nếu
bỏ đi mệnh đề chính không có nghĩa rõ ràng.
Eg The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister.
The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting.
2.Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non- restrictive relative clause )
-Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước,là phần giải thích thêm, nếu bỏ
đi mệnh đề chính vẫn còn nghĩa rõ ràng.
-Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bởi các dấu phẩy. Danh từ
đứng trước thường là tên riêng hoặc trước các danh từ thường có các từ như: this, that, these, those, my,
his her…đứng trước.
- Không được dùng that trong mệnh đề không xác định.
Eg My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor.
This girl, whom you met yesterday, is my daughter.
3.Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích cả một câu, trường hợp này chỉ dùng đại từ quan hệ which và
dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề. Mệnh đề này luôn đứng ở cuối câu.
Eg He admires Mr Brown, which surprises me.
Mary tore Tom’s letter, which made him sad.
V.DẠNG RÚT GỌN CỦA MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn theo 4 cách:
1.Using participle phrases (sử dụng hiện tại phân từ)
- Present participle: Dùng cho các động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động. Ta dùng present
participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu
rồi thêm –ing)
The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
 The man sitting to you is my uncle.
Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?
 Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?

2.Using past participle:
- Past participle: Dùng cho các động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động
từ và bắt đầu cụm từ bằng past participle)
Eg1The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
Eg2 The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy.
The students punished by the teacher are lazy.
Eg3 The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Pike.
The house built now belongs to Mr. Pike.
3.Using “to infinitive” or “infinitive phrase” (for sb to do): Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, bỏ chủ ngữ và trợ động
từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng “infinitive”
English is an important language which we have to master.
=> English is an important language to master.
There is a good restaurant where we can eat good food.
=> There is a good restaurant to eat good food.
That is the hotel where we can stay.
=> That is the hotel to stay.
Here is the form that you must fill in.
=> Here is the form for you to fill in.
4.Using noun phrases: mệnh đề quan hệ không xách định có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm danh
từ.
Eg1 George Washington, who was the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army.
George Washington, the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army.
Eg2 We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain.
We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain.
VI.GiớI Từ ĐI VớI MệNH Đề QUAN Hệ:
-Chỉ có hai đại từ quan hệ là Whom và which thường có giới từ đi kèm và giới từ có thể đứng trước các
đại từ quan hệ hoặc cuối mệnh đề quan hệ.
Eg1 The man about whom you are talkingis my brother.
The man (whom) you are talking about is my brother.
Eg2The picture at which you are looking is very expensive.
The picture ( which) you are looking at is very expensive.
Chú ý:
-Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ thì ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và có thể dùng that thay cho whom
và which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
-Khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì ta có không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và có không thể dùng that
thay cho whom và which .
VII.Lưu ý về mệnh đề quan hệ
1. Các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đều có thể lược bỏ.
Eg Do you know the boy (whom) we met yesterday?
That’s the house (which) I have bought.
-Tuy nhiên các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định không thể lược
bỏ.
Eg Mr Tom, whom I spoke on the phone to , is very interested in our plan.
2. Khi danh từ được nói đến là tân ngữ của giới từ, ta có thể đưa giới từ đó đứng trước đại từ quan hệ.
Trường hợp này chỉ được dùng Whom và Which
Miss Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a very nice teacher.
Mr. Cater, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.
3. Chú ý cách dùng của các cấu trúc mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ: all, most, none, neither, any, either,
some, (a)few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, + of which/whom
Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me.
He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class.
They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use.
There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before.
4. Các trường hợp sau đây thường phải dùng ‘that’
a. Khi cụm từ đứng trước vừa là danh từ chỉ người và vật
He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London
b. Sau các tính từ so sánh hơn nhất, first và last
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
Moscow is the finest city that she’s ever visited.
That is the last letter that he wrote.
She was the first person that broke the silence.
c. Sau các từ all, only (duy nhất) và very (chính là)
All that he can say is this.
I bought the only book that they had.
You’re the very man that I would like to see.
d. Sau các đại từ bất định
He never says anything that is worth listening to.
I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
WHO : dùng thế cho chủ từ - ngừoi
WHOM : dùng thế cho túc từ - ngừoi
WHICH : dùng thế cho chủ từ lẫn túc từ - vật
WHEN :dùng thế cho thời gian
WHERE :dùng thế cho nơi chốn
THAT :dùng thế cho tất cả các chữ trên ( có 2 ngoại lệ xem phần dưới )
WHOSE :dùng thế cho sở hửu ,người / vật
OF WHICH :dùng thế cho sở hửu vật
WHY :dùng thế cho lý do ( reason /cause )
Phân BiỆt GiỮa Whose Và Of Which
WHOSE : dùng cả cho người và vật
This is the book .Its cover is nice
-> This is the book whose cover is nice .
-> This is the book the cover of which is nice
WHOSE :đứng trứoc danh từ
OF WHICH : đứng sau danh từ ( danh từ đó phải thêm THE )
OF WHICH : chỉ dùng cho vật ,không dùng cho người.
This is the man . His son is my friend.
-> This is the man the son of which is my friend.( sai )
-> This is the man whose son is my friend.( đúng
VIII.EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES
I. Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb
1. She is the most intelligent woman. I’ve ever met this woman.
…………………………………………………………………………..
2. This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………..
3. These children are orphans. She is taking care of these children.
…………………………………………………………………………..
4. The two young men are not good persons. You are acquainted with them.
…………………………………………………………………………..
5. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.
…………………………………………………………………………..
6. The man is my father. I respect this man most.
…………………………………………………………………………..
7. The man is my father. I respect his opinion most.
…………………………………………………………………………..
8. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………..
9. I’ll introduce you to the man. His support is necessary for your project.
…………………………………………………………………………..
10. The middle-aged man is the director. My father is talking to him.
…………………………………………………………………………..
11. The boy is my cousin. You make fun of him.
…………………………………………………………………………..
12. The student is from china. He sits next to me.
…………………………………………………………………………..
13. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
…………………………………………………………………………..
14. The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.
…………………………………………………………………………..
15. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come to see him.
…………………………………………………………………………..
16. I saw a lot of people and horses. They went to market.
…………………………………………………………………………..
17. Tom has three sisters. All of them are married.
…………………………………………………………………………..
18. I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.
…………………………………………………………………………..
19. I recently went back to Paris. I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago.
…………………………………………………………………………..
21. Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio.
22. …………………………………………………………………………..
21. You didn’t tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.
…………………………………………………………………………..
23. The day was rainy. She left on that day.
24. ………………………………………………………………………….
23. I’ve sent him two letters. He has received neither of them.
…………………………………………………………………………..
25. That man is an artist. I don’t remember the man’s name.
26. …………………………………………………………………………..
25. One of the elephants had only one tusk. We saw these elephants at the zoo.
…………………………………………………………………………..
27. That car belongs to Dr. Clark. Its engine is very good.
…………………………………………………………………………..
28. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.
29. …………………………………………………………………………..
28. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
…………………………………………………………………………..
30. Rod Lee has won an Oscar. I know his sister.
31. …………………………………………………………………………..
30. Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it.
II. Fill in the blanks with Relative pronouns or Relative adverbs where necessary
1. Let me see all the letters _______ you have written.
2. Is there any one ________ can help me do this?
3. Mr. Brown, _________ is only 34, is the director of this company.
4. I know a place __________ roses grow in abundance.
5. It was the nurse ________ told me to come in.
6. The teacher with ________, we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
7. They showed me the hospital ________ buildings had been destroyed by US bombings.
8. We saw many soldiers and tanks ______ were moving to the front.
9. Dr. Fleming, _______ discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945.
10. He joined the political party _______ was in power.
11. Love, ________ is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life.
12. Freedom is something for _______ millions have given their lives.
13. It is easy to find faults in people ________ we dislike.
14. The really happy people are those _______ enjoy their daily work.
15. We must find a time _______ we can meet and a place _______ we can talk.
III. Use a Relative pronoun preceded by a preposition to combine each pair of sentences below:
1. This is a rare opportunity. You should take advantage of it to get a better job.
2. …………………………………………………………………………..
3. The boy is my cousin. You made fun of him.
4. …………………………………………………………………………..
4. This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it.
5. …………………………………………………………………………..
5. The woman lives next door to me. You gave place to her on the bus.
6. …………………………………………………………………………..
6. The examination lasted two days. I was successful in this examination.
7. …………………………………………………………………………..
7. This is the result of our work. I’m pleased with it.
8. …………………………………………………………………………..
8. There is a No parking sign. I do not take notice of it.
9. …………………………………………………………………………..
9. Mr. Brown is the man. I am responsible to him for my work.
10. …………………………………………………………………………..
10. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.
11. …………………………………………………………………………..
11. We are crossing the meadow. We flew kites over it in our childhood.
12. …………………………………………………………………………..
IV. Use Relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences below:
1. This is the house. We often stay in this house in summer.
2. …………………………………………………………………………..
3. I’ll show you the second hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop.
…………………………………………………………………………..
2. I have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day.
3. ………………………………………………………………………….
4. He was born on the day. His father was away on that day.
5. …………………………………………………………………………..
6-The book is a telephone directory. We can look up telephone numbers in this book.
6- ………………………………………………………………………….
6. Mrs. Brown rang Dr. Brown. He was going to carry out an urgent operation at that moment.
7. ………………………………………………………………………….
8. The airport is the most modern one. We’re going to arrive at this airport.
9. …………………………………………………………………………..
8-She doesn’t want to speak of the cause. She divorced her husband of this cause.
7- …………………………………………………………………………..
8- The days were the saddest ones. I lived far from home on those days.
9- …………………………………………………………………………..
10. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park.
…………………………………………………………………………..
V. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases
1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
…………………………………………………………………………..
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
…………………………………………………………………………..
3. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
…………………………………………………………………………..
4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
…………………………………………………………………………..
5. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
…………………………………………………………………………..
6. They live in the house that was built in 1890.
…………………………………………………………………………..
7. The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica.
…………………………………………………………………………..
8. The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle.
…………………………………………………………………………..
9-The number of students who have been counted is quite high.
………………………………………………………………………….
10. George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
…………………………………………………………………………..
VI. Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase
1. I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
2. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
3. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
4. The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
5. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.
VII. Rewrite these sentences using a relative clause in place of the infinitive or infinitive phrases
1. The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep it. (with)
2. The pilot was the only man to survive in the crash.
3. He was the second person to be killed in this way.
4. I have just found a river to swim. (in)
5. This is a form for you to fill. (in)
VIII Choose the best answer
1) The book ____ I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. B & C are corre
2) What’s the name of the blonde girl ____ just came in?
A. who B. whose
C. whom
D. A & B are correct
3) I don’t like people ____ lose their tempers easily.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
4) Mexico City, ____ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the
world.
A. which B. whose
C. that
D. A & B are corre
5) This is Henry, ____ sister works for my father.
A. who B. whose
C. that
D.All are correct
6) He’s the man ____ people like at first sight.
A. who
B. whom
C. that D. A & C are correct
7) Could you iron the trousers ____ are hanging up behind the door?
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
8) Where is the girl ____ sells tickets?
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
9) The man____ we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
10) The artist ____ name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
11) Frank invited Janet, ____ he had met in Japan, to the party.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
12 The girl ___ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the
award.
A. whose
B. whom
C. that
D. which
13) I need to find a painting ____ will match the rest of my room.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. which
14) There are too many poor people ____ do not have enough to eat in the world.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. which
15) The trees ____ have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. which
16) The teacher ____ teaches us French is coming today.
A. whom
B. who
C. that
D. B & C are correct
17) What’s the music to ____ you are listening?
A. whose
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
18) I don’t like the stories ____ have unhappy endings.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
19) The students ____ don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library.
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
A. who
B. whichC. whomD. A & C are correct
Betty is the most intelligent girl ____ I have ever met.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
Do you know the music ____ is being played on the radio?
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
This channel often shows the cartoons of ____ the children are very fond.
A. whom
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
The dress ____ she bought last week doesn’t fit her well.
A. whom
B. which
C. whose
D. B & C are correct
Do you know a shop ____ sells good coffee?
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. A & B are correct
The teacher punished the student ____ was naughty.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. A & B are correct
She fell in love with a man ____ was from another country.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
I like to write to friends ____ are living far away from me.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. A & C are correct
I bought some pencils ____ are in different colours.
A. whose
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
She ate an apple ____ was still green.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
D. whom
This is my beloved school ____ I studied when I was young.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. A & B are correct
Here’s the paper ____ you need.
A. whom
B. that
C. who
D. whose
The woman ____ has been arrested lives in an apartment.
A. that
B. which
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
The teacher notices the students ____ often come to class late.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. A & C are correct
34) The house in ____ I was born is for sale.
A. which
B. whom
C. that
D. A & C are correct
35) That is the chair ____ he used to sit on for meals.
A. which
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
36) What is the picture ____ you are looking at?
A. which
B. when
C. whose
D. A & C are correct
37) In the middle of the village, there is a well from ____ the villagers take water to
drink.
A. that
B. which
C. whom
D. A & B are correct
38) There is a NO PARKING sign ____ I did not take notice of.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. A & B are correct
39) I must thank the people ____ I got the present from.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
4o) Do you know the doctor for ____ I send?
A. whom
B. that
C. who
D. All are correct
41) The man about ____ I was telling you is standing over there.
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. All are correct
42) The woman ____ Ann must take care of is very poor and old.
A. whom
B. that
C. who
D. All are correct
43) This is the man to ____ I gave some money this morning.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
44) This is the result of our work ____ I’m pleased with.
A. that
B. whose
C. which
D. A & C are correct
45) The problem in ____ we are very interested has been discussed in class.
A. that
B. whom
C. which
D. A & C are correct
46) The boy ____ you made fun of yesterday is my cousin.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
47)Ann, ____ lives next door, is very friendly.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
48) We went to Sandra’s party, ____ we enjoyed very much.
A. which
B. whom
C. that
D. who
49) John, ____ I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends.
A. whose
B. whom
C. that
D. B & C are correct
50) Sheila, ____ job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot.
A. whose
B. whom
C. that
D. which
B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
1) Dùng phân từ:
a) Dùng cụm V-ing :
Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động
Ex:
a. The man who is standing there is my brother.
b. The man standing there is my brother
b) Dùng cụm P.P: (V3/ V-ed)
Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa bị động .
a. I like books which were written by Nguyen Du.
b. I like books written by Nguyen Du.
2) Dùng cụm to inf: (... Noun/ Pronoun + to infinitive / to be + P.P... )
-Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây :
ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND...
Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
This is the only student to do the problem.
-Động từ là HAVE
Ex: I have something that I must do now. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
I have something to do now.
-Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động)
There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
Ex: We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... thì có thể không cần ghi
ra.
Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu.
Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
We have a peg to hang our coat on.
3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ )
Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng:
S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ
Cách làm:
-bỏ who ,which và be
Ex:
a. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Ex:
b. Do you like the book which is on the table?
Do you like the book on the table?
PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN:
Bước 1 : - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ nào
Bước này dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT...
Bước 2 :
Bước này chủ yếu là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ
1. Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu có áp dụng công thức 3 .
2. Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trứoc who which... có các dấu hiệu first ,only...v..v không ,nếu
có thì áp dụng công thức 2 (to inf. ) lưu ý thêm xem 2 chủ từ có khác nhau không ( để dùng for sb )
3. Nếu không có 2 trừong hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động mà dùng V-NG hay P.P..
EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
1.
The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2.
I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3.
I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4.
The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5.
My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could keep them in.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
6.
She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards.
……………………………………....................…………………………………………
7.
You are the last person who saw her alive.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
8.
He simple loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9.
The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
10.
He was the second man who was killed in this way.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
11.
Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
12.
Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
13.
Here are some accounts that you must check.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
14.
People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss .
…………………………………………………………………………………………
15.
He was the man who was saved in the fire .
…………………………………………………………………………………………
16.
Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
17.
The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
18.
.She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
19.
I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
20.
The story which was told by my grandma was interesting.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1. That’s my friend,_______________ comes from Japan.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. where.
2. The plants which______________ in the living room need a lot of water.
A. are
B. be
C. is
D. was
3. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who
B. which
C. that’s
D. whose
4. That’s the doctor for________________ Cliff works.
A. that
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
5. Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
6. I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I
B. whom I
C. which I
D. who
7. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. that
8. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. ø
9. Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop.
A. ø
B. where
C. she
D. which
10. Please remember to take back to the library all the books ________ are due this week.
A. ø
B. that
C. when
D. they
11. He likes the dress. Huong is wearing it
A. He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it
B. He likes the dress Huong is wearing it
C. He likes the dress who Huong is wearing
D. He likes the dress Huong is wearing
12. Most of the classmates couldn't come. He invited them to the birthday party
A. Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
B. Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
C. Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come.
D. Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
13. What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning.
A. What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?
B. What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?
C. What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?
D. What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?
14. The church is over 500 years old. Our class visited it last summer.
A. The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
B. The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
C. The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old.
D. The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old.
15. The song says about the love of two young stdents. She is singing the song.
A. The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents.
B. The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents.
C. The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing.
D. The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it.
CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bằng: although, though, even
though, even if.
Although / Though / Even though / Even + S + V, S + V.
Although / though / Even though / Even if he tried very hard, he couldn’t lift the box up.
2. Các cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ.
- Wh- question+ever
Whatever (+ noun)
Whichever (+ noun)
Whoever (+ noun)
+ S + V, S + V. = Cho dù…..
Whenever
Wherever
However + adj / adv
* Chú ý ta đặt adj / adv ngay sau However.
Whoever he may be, I won’t believe what he says.
(Cho dù anh ấy là ai, tôi cũng không tin những gì anh ta nói.)
Whatever you do, I will favour you. (Dù cậu làm gì, tôi cũng ủng hộ)
However rich he is, he never helps the needed.
No matter + Wh- question. = Cho dù…..
No matter + Wh- question + S + V, S + V .
No matter what jobs he got, he was not satisfied.
No matter how cold it was, he didn’t wear warm clothes.
- It doesn’t matter+ Wh- question.
It doesn’t matter + Wh- question) + S + V, S + V = Cho dù…..
Ex: No matter who you are, I still love you.
No matter what she says, I don’t believe her.
No matter how rich you are, I don’t love you.
No matter what he does, he always tries his best.
No matter when she comes, I always welcome .her.
No matter where he lives, I always find him.
Note:
No matter who = whoever
No matter what = whatever
No matter when = whenever
No matter where = wherever
No matter how = however.......
Ex:
Whoever you are, I still love you.
Whatever others may say, you are certainly right.
Whenever you return, she waits for you.
It doesn’t matter what she does, she is careful.
* Chú ý ta đặt ngay adj / adv sau How.
- Adj / Adv + as/ though + S + (may) + V +.....
Patient as he was, he had no intention of waiting for three hours.
Quietly though I had spoken, the medical superrintendent heard.
- Much as = Mặc dầu rất (kết hợp nghĩa của although và very much ).
Much as he longs our marriage, he’s completely absorbed in the making of maps.
( Although he longs for our marriage very much, ...)
-
Exercise 9: Rewrite the sentences, using although or in spite of.
1. Although I was very tired, I didn’t sleep.
=> No matter ..............................................................................................................................................................................
2. Although I was hungry, I didn’t eat anything.
=> No matter ..............................................................................................................................................................................
3. Although he felt unwell, he went on working.
=> No matter ..............................................................................................................................................................................
4. Although he was disappointed, he tried to smile.
=> No matter ..............................................................................................................................................................................
5. He still goes to school although he isn’t fine.
=> No matter ..............................................................................................................................................................................
6. Although the salary was low, he accepted the job.
=> Despite ....................................................................................................................................................................................
7. In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.
=> Though ...................................................................................................................................................................................
8. In spite of the bad weather, they went out for dinner.
=> Although ...............................................................................................................................................................................
9. In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.
=> Even though .......................................................................................................................................................................
10. In spite of his hard work, Ba he failed his exam.
=> Though ...................................................................................................................................................................................
11. In spite of the heavy rain, we decided to go to see the match.
=> Although ...............................................................................................................................................................................
12. Although they lost, the home team played very well.
=> Despite ....................................................................................................................................................................................
13. Even though it was raining, I still went to school on time.
=>In spite of ...............................................................................................................................................................................
14. Although she isn’t brilliant, she studies quite well.
=> Despite ....................................................................................................................................................................................
15. She isn’t brilliant but she studies quite well.
-
=> Although ...............................................................................................................................................................................
16. The house isn’t nice, but I like the garden.
=> Even though .......................................................................................................................................................................
17. It was raining, but we went out.
=> Though ...................................................................................................................................................................................
18. Everyone likes Bob even though he talkative.
=> Even though .......................................................................................................................................................................
19. Though I had an umbrella, I got very wet in the rain.
=> Though ...................................................................................................................................................................................
20. We enjoyed the vacation although it rained a lot.
=> In spite of ..............................................................................................................................................................................
21. I couldn’t sleep though I was very tired.
=> Much ........................................................................................................................................................................................
22. I didn’t get the job even though I was extremely qualified.
=> Despite ....................................................................................................................................................................................
23. He ate all the fruits although they were green.
=>No matter ...............................................................................................................................................................................
24. The plane took off though the weather was bad.
=>No matter ...............................................................................................................................................................................
25. He took a lot of photographs even though the sky was dark.
=>No matter ...............................................................................................................................................................................
26. Although she doesn’t earn much money, she spends like a millionaire.
=> Despite ....................................................................................................................................................................................
27. Tom will not pass the examination although he studies well.
=> In spite of ..............................................................................................................................................................................
28. He is still fat though he has been on a diet for 2 years.
=> In spite of ..............................................................................................................................................................................
29. Although they lived in poverty, they were always happy.
=> No matter...................................................................................................................
III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề thành
cụm từ)
1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là một đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj khi đổi sang cụm từ ta bỏ BE, đổi chủ
từ thành tính từ sở hữu (possessive adj), đổi tính từ thành danh từ.
Subject (pronoun) + be + adj
Possessive adj +
noun
Ex1: Although he was lazy, he passed the test.
Despite his laziness, he passed the test.
Ex2: Though he was poor, he lived a happy life.
2- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ là danh từ (noun) + be + adj khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ Be, đổi chủ từ
thành sở hữu cỏch (possessive case), đổi tớnh từ thành danh từ.
Subject (noun) + be + adj
possessive case
+ noun
Ex: The car didn’t crash though the driver was careless.
The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness.
3- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ + V(ordinary) khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng
V-ing.
Subject + V(ordinary)
V-ing
Ex:
Though he studied hard, he didn’t passed the test.
In spite of studying hard, he didn’t passed the test.
4- Mệnh đề cú There be + noun, khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be.
There + be + Noun
->
x
+ Noun
Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him.
Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him.
Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses
1. She has plenty of money, but she is very mean. (DESPITE)
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. They have a car, but they rarely use it. (DESPITE)
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (DESPITE)
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (DESPITE)
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy. (DESPITE)
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6.The keyboard wasn’t working well. She tried to finish the letter (DESPITE)
Ex:
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7.The forecast said it would rain. It turned out to be a beautiful day. (DESPITE)
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8.I’m no better. I’ve taken the bill. DESPITE )
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
9. The traffic was bad. I arrived at the airport on time. (DESPITE)
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
10. I didn’t get the job. I had all necessary qualifications. (DESPITE)
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.
1. _______ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.
A. As
B .Though
C. Since
D. Despite
2. He is a very intelligent boy, _______he is very lazy
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. so
3. _______I moved house, I haven’t had much contact with those friends
A. though
B. since
C. because of
D. so that
4. Last night we came to the show late _______the traffic was terrible.
A. although
B. despite
C. and
D. because
5. Lan couldn’t pass the exam_______she was too lazy.
A. because
B. because of
C. although
D. in spite of
6. _______ his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because
B. because of
C. despite
D. so
7. _______there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.
A. despite
B. in spite of
C. becacuse of
D. though
8. _______ the weather, we went sailing.
A. despite
B. in spite of
C. although
D. A and B
9. _______Hudson led early, he lost the race.
A. though
B. although
C. eventhough
D. all are correct
10. In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris.
A. Eventhough Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris.
B. Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French.
C. Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French.
D. Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris.
11. Mr Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi.
A. Even though taking a taxi, Mr Ba was late for the meeting.
B. In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr Ba was late for the meeting.
C. Mr Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi.
D. Mr Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi.
12. We camt to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy.
A. Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time.
B. In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
C. Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
D. Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time.
13. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
A. Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not.
B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
D. Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it.
14. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.
A. She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes.
B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.
C. The car is too expensive for her to buy.
D. She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot.
15. Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill.
A. Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
B. In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
C. Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill.
D. Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. As a result, she was tired.
16. Even though Trung had a bad cold, he went to the concert.
A. In spite of his bad cold, Trung went to the concert.
B. Trung had a bad cold because he went to the concert.
C. Trung went to the concert despite having a bad cold.
D. Trung had a bad cold. However, he went to the concert.
Exercise 2: Combine these sentences using: DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF NOT
1. Lion dancing is very popular in Viet Nam. My friend Anny does not enjoy it.
=> Inspite of being popular for lion dancing in VN, my friend Anyy doesn’t like
2. Bob always walks to work. He is living in the city.
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. My house is near the beach. I rarely go swimming.
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. My brother is working in Ha Noi. He comes home on every public holiday.
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. Paul is an Australian, he enjoys Vietnamese New year.
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Most children go to see the firework show, Linh and Mai stay home watching TV.
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7. Nick used to smoke. He seems to be in good health.
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8. I couldn’t sleep. I was tired.
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
9. Henry’s friend is a millionaire. He hates spending money.
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
10. We couldn’t get tickets. We queued for an hour.
=> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
II. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
46. In spite her severe pain, she tried to walk to the auditorium to attend the lecture.
A
B
C
D
47. Despite of growing industrial activity, the majority of the American people continued
A
B
C
to make their living from farming until the beginning of the twentieth century.
D
48. Although our grandfather was old but he could help us.
A
B
C
D
49. He tried to explain, so she refused to listen.
A
B
C
D
50. He decided not to get that job in spite of the salary was low.
A
B
C D
51. Although the bad traffic, I managed to arrive at the meeting on time.
A
B
C
D
52. In spite of my father is old, he still goes to work.
A
B
C
D
53. Though he loves her very much, but he can’t talk to her.
A
B
C
D
54. She always behaves childishly despite she has grown up.
A
B
C
D
55. Although the rise in unemployment, people still seem to be spending more.
A
B
C
D
56. Despite he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
A
B
C
D
57. Although the time of the year, yesterday’s temperature was hot enough to turn on the
A
B
C
air conditioning.
58. In spite of the quantity was small, we had enough supplies to finish the experiment.
A
B
C
D
59. However she looks very young, she is twice as old as my-twenty-year old sister.
A
B
C
D
60. Despite of his smiling face, the second place contestant is sadder than the winner.
A
B
C
D
61. Gold was one of the first to be discovered despite it is one of the rarest metals.
A
B
C
D
62. Polar bears rarely kill people in spite they hunt other animals.
A
B
C
D
Phrases and clauses of reason
(Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ lý do)
D
Clauses of reason / cause: Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ lý do bắt đầu bằng: because, since, as, for, because of,
due to, on account of
- Because
Since
As
For
+ clause
Seeing that
Now that
*Phrases of reason / cause:
- Because of
Due to
+ N / NP / Gerund
On account of
* Case 1:
Because
+
Because of
* Case 2:
Because
S(pron)
+ Possessive
determiner
(my, his, her…)
+ N
+ S(noun) + Be + Adj
Because of + Adj
* Case 3:
Because
+
Because of
* Case 4:
Because
+
Because of
+ Be + Adj
S
+
N
+ V + Adv
+ Possessive + Adj
determiner
(my, his, her…)
+ N
S1 + V1 …, S2 + V2 …
(S1= S2)
+
V-ing …, S2 + V2 …
* Case 5:
Because
+ S1 + V1 …, S2 + V2 …
(S1 # S2)
Because of + Possessive form + V-ing…, S2 + V2 …
* Case 6:
Because
+
S1 + V1 …
Because of + N + of + N
* Case 7:
Because
+ There + Be + Adj/N
Because of +
N/ Adj-ness
Because -> Because of :
1. Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.
Because of being sick, Mary didn’t go to school yesterday.
2. She went to bed early because she felt tired.
Because of........................................................................................
3. Ann didn’t go to the circus with betty because she had a bad cold.
Because of.........................................................................................
4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.
Because of..........................................................................................
5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.
Because of..........................................................................................
6. I like him because his father is kind to me.
Because of..........................................................................................
7. I can’t study because it is noisy.
Because of..........................................................................................
8. I can’t eat these fruits because they are green.
Because of.........................................................................................
9. The train came late because it was foggy.
Because of..........................................................................................
10. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.
Because of..........................................................................................
11. The train was late because the fog was thick.
Because of..........................................................................................
12. We stopped our car because the traffic light turned red.
Because of..........................................................................................
13. John got a bed cold because he smoked cigarettes.
Because of..........................................................................................
14. John is fat because he eats so many chips.
Because of..........................................................................................
15. They can’t go out because it is too cold outside.`
Because of......................................................................................
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
Type 1: Real conditional sentences (câu điều kiện có thật)
Situation
1. Future possible (có thể
xảy ra ở tương lai)
If Clause
If + S + V(simple present)
Ex: If I have the money,
2. Habitual (thói quen)
If + S + V (simple present)
3. Command (câu mệnh lệnh, yêu
cầu)
Main Clause
S + will/can/may/must + V
I will be a new car.
Ex: If Ann has enough time,
S + V(simple present)
she usually walks to school
If + S + V (simple present)
Command form
Ex : If you hear from Bill,
please call me
Type 2: Present unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
If Clause
If + S + Vsimple past (be were)
Main Clause
S + would/could/ might/ had to + V
Ex: I don’t have free time, so we can’t go to the beach with you
 If I had time,
I would go to the beach with you
Type 3: Past unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)
If Clause
If + S + V(past perfect)
Main Clause
S + would/could/might + have + P.P (V3/ed)
Ex: I didn’t know that you were there, so I didn’t write you a letter.
 If I had known that you were there,
I would have written you a letter.
 Note:
 Có thể dùng phép đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 1 và loại 2 nếu trong câu có were, had, should. Khi
đó If hay Unless trong câu sẽ được bỏ.
Ex : If Ann had found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
 Had Ann found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
 Mệnh đề điều kiện có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.
Ex: You could make better progress if you attended class regularly.
exercises:
1- If you had come early yesterday, I would have known the truth
2- ………………………………………………………………………..
3- If you had meet her last week, she would have given you a beautiful car
4- ……………………………………………………………………………
5- If your house hadn’t burnt, they would have bought 1 million
6- ………………………………………………………………………….
7- If you had become a good student, I would have gotten a foreign travel
8- ………………………………………………………………………….
9- If your parents had known you in the forest yesterday, they would have saved you
10- …………………………………………………………………………………………
 Unless = If …not
Ex: If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
= Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
Ex:
1-If I don’t meet him, we won’t go to zoo
…………………………………………………..
2- If you don’t buy this cake, you will be hungry
…………………………………………………..
3- If he doesn’t come, he won’t see you in English class
…………………………………………………..
4-If you don’t go to The khoi English center today, you won’t have a good reward.
………………………………………………………………………………………
5- If you don’t come party on time, everybody will be angry
……………………………………………………………………………
 Without + N = There …no + N
Ex: Without water, life wouldn’t exist
= If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist.
1- Without money, you can’t buy anything
…………………………………………….
2- Without English language, you can’t work at foreign company
……………………………………………………………………..
3- Without water, we can’t exist over 1 week
……………………………………………………………………….
4- Without studing English well, you won’t travel around the world
………………………………………………………………………..
5- Without studying Math, you can’t count
……………………………………………………………………….
6- Without studying history, you can’t know how people lived at the ancient age
……………………………………………………………………………………..
7- Without the sun, the earth will become cold and dead
……………………………………………………………………………………
8- Without reading books, we become poor about our knowledge
………………………………………………………………………………..
9- Without helping, we will be dead because of no food here
……………………………………………………………………………….
10- Without science, people won’t know how about the life outsite the earth
……………………………………………………………………………..
 Command (mệnh lệnh) + or + Clause : dùng If loại 1
Ex: Go away or I will call the police.
→ If you don’t go away, I will call the police.
Ex:
1-Let’s come and pick up this rabbish, I will call the security guard
………………………………………………………………………
2- Let’s leave here in 5 minutes, the bomb will explode
………………………………………………………………………..
3- Let’s go to The Khoi center, you will study English
………………………………………………………………………
4- Let’s see a film, the cinema won’t show it next weekend
……………………………………………………………………..
5-Let’s go to school today, I won’t pass over the exam
………………………………………………………………………
6-Lets’ pick up your money in my bag, a robber will fire you
……………………………………………………………………….
7-Please read loudly, I will give you zero mark
………………………………………………………………………..
8-Please sit down , everybody won’t see anything on the screen
……………………………………………………………………………
9- Don’t touch it, you will be burnt now
………………………………………………………………………………….
10-Don’t go out, you will get a cold
……………………………………………………………………
 * CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON (Mệnh đề và cum từ chỉ nguyên nhân)
If the reason clause the present tense -> the past tense (clause if 2)
1- Because I’m poor, I can’t go to school
 If I were not poor, I could you to school.
2- Because you are sick today, you won’t go to school
->………………………………………………………………
3-because he isn’t strong, he can’t lift the car
->………………………………………………………………
4- Because we don’t have a big house, we live in the slum
………………………………………………………………..
5 Because we leave soon, we don’t meet her
->………………………………………………………………
6- Because the house collapse, we move to the charity
->………………………………………………………………
7- Because he doesn’t buy the house, his wife says goodbye to him
->………………………………………………………………
8- Because my tecaher sings this song, m friends become sad and cry in the class
->………………………………………………………………
9- Because my mum don’t read this story, she can’t help me to do this exercise
->………………………………………………………………………….
10- Because he work hard, he will pass the final exam
->…………………………………………………………………………..
 * CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON (Mệnh đề và cum từ chỉ nguyên nhân)
If the reason clause the past tense -> the past tense (clause if 2)
1- Because he didn’t work hard, he could not pass the exam
2- ………………………………………………………………..
3- Because the rober didn’t kill her, she ran out her house quickly
4- ……………………………………………………………………..
5- the villagers couldn’t escape from the death because the village was in the storm,
6- …………………………………………………………………………………………
7- Because the laptop didn’t connect the internet, the robber attack the bank easily
8- ………………………………………………………………………………………….
9- Because they lived in the poor place, they couldn’t earn a lot of money
10- ……………………………………………………………………………………
11- he couldn’t answer me this question because he was not intelligent
12- ………………………………………………………………………………….
13- Because he met a ghost in this house three times, he decided to buy this house
14- ………………………………………………………………………………………..
15- they decide to leave this village because the life became hard
16- …………………………………………………………………………………………
17- people left the town because the town was in the war 2 years ago
18- ………………………………………………………………………………………..
19- He worked hard in the city, he could earn 1000$ each day last year
20- ……………………………………………………………………………………
PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in to the correct forms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
If he (eat)......................................... all that, he will be ill.
She could give us some advice if she (be)............................................ here now.
What (happen)........................................... if my parachute does not open?
The baby (wake) ....................................... up if you spoke louder.
If he had gotten one more mark, he (pass)………………………………the exam.
If she (not get)................................. married young, she wouldn’t have had many children.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
If I (know) ..............................................the answer, I would tell you.
You (not have)............................................. so many accidents if you drove more carefully.
If Peter (ask)............................................ me, I’ll help him with all my ability.
If she studied harder, she (get)................................................... better grades.
If I (be)................................. you, I (tell) ....................................... them the truth.
If you (do)..................................... as I told you, you (succeed).......................................
I (not go).......................................... to his house unless you go with me.
We could have a drink if it............................................. (not be) so late.
Please don’t disturb him if he (be).............................................. busy.
If ice (be).................................. heavier than water, it (not float)...........................................
They would be glad if the rain (stop)………………………soon.
If Jack (come) ………………………….to my party, I would have danced with him.
It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be) ……………..here, she (know) …………………….. what to do.
Lee will go to a Disneyland if he (save) ………………………… enough money.
Exercise 2: Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence printed before it.
1. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Because you speak English unnaturally, they do not understand you.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. We didn’t know your phone number, so we could not contact you.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. John is fat because he eats so many chips.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Bill never does anything if you don’t tell him what to do.
 Unless…………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. They don’t have enough time so they cannot do me a favour.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. I must leave now, or I’ll miss the flight.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough qualifications.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. We can’t buy this car because it is very expensive.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Unless he phones her immediately, he won’t get any information
 If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. They don’t find out the remedy. The patient will die.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Susan felt sick because she ate 4 cream cakes.

18.

19.

20.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he wouldn’t have failed in his examination.
Unless………………………………………………………………………………………………
Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.
1. They _____________ angry if you didn’t visit them.
A. would be
B. should be
C. would
D. should
2. What would you do if you _____________ a million dollars?
A. win
B. won
C. had won
D. will win
3. What will happen if the air _____________?
A. was polluted
B. be polluted
C. is polluted
D. has polluted
4. He wouldn’t have had an accident if he _____________ more carefully.
A. drives
B. drove
C. had driven
D. was driving
5. If you _____________ better last night, you wouldn’t have been so tired.
A. sleep
B. had slept
C. was sleeping
D. slept
6. If I had noticed him, I _____________ hello to him .
A. say
B. said
C. would say
D. would have said
7. If he _____________ with us now, he _____________ the beauty of the nature of the National Park
A. is / can enjoy
B. was/ will enjoy
C. had/would enjoyed
D. were/ could enjoy
8. Would you mind if I _____________ in the room?
A. smoke
B. smoked
C. would smoke
D. had smoked
9. You can’t get higher result _____________ .
A. if you work hard
B. unless you work harder
C. if you worker harder
D. unless you will not work harder
10. Can you imagine what____________ if everyone ____________.
A. will happen / can fly
B. would happen / could fly
C. had happen / could have flown
D. happened / will have flown
11. ____________ for work early, he could have caught the bus.
A. If Peter left
B. Peter left
C. had Peter left
D. If had Peter left
12. Jane ____________ in such a trouble if she had been more carefully when typing the contract.
A. won’t be
B. wouldn’t be
C. won’t have been
D. wouldn’t have been
13. If I____________ his address, I would give it to you.
A know
B. would known
C. knew
D. had known
14. Tom got to the station in time to catch his train.
A. If he had missed it, he would have been late for his interview.
B. If he missed it, he would have been late for his interview.
C. If he had missed it, he would be late for his interview.
D. If he had missed it, he would had be late for his interview.
15. He stepped on the mine, and it exploded.
A. If he doesn’t step on the mine, it doesn’t explode.
B. If he doesn’t step on the mine, it won’t explode.
C. If he didn’t step on the mine, it wouldn’t explode.
D. If he hadn’t stepped on the mine, it wouldn’t have exploded.
16. It may rain this afternoon. I hope it doesn’t because I don’t want the match to be cancelled
A. If it rains, the match is cancelled.
B. If it rains, the match will be cancelled
C. If it rained, the match would be cancelled
D. If it had rained, the match would have been cancelled
17. Unfortunately, I don’t know Philosophy, so I can’t answer your question.
A. If I know Philosophy, I can answer your question.
B. If I know Philosophy, I will be answer your question.
C. If I knew Philosophy, I would be able to answer your question.
D. If I had known Philosophy, I would have been to answer your question.
18. I/ if/ be/ ill/ not/ absent/ school/ from/ be/ yesterday/.
A. If I hadn’t been ill, I wouldn’t be absent from school yesterday
B. If I wasn’t ill, I wouldn’t have been absent from school yesterday
C. If I have been ill, I wouldn’t have been absent from school yesterday
D. If I hadn’t been ill, I wouldn’t have been absent from school yesterday
19. If / parents / my / exam / my / pass / I / be / very / happy / last year.
A. If I had passed my exam last year, my parents would have been very happy.
B. If I pass my exam last year, my parents would be very happy.
C. If I had passed my exam last year, my parents will be very happy.
D. If I will pass my exam, my parents would be very happy.
20. Peter cannot go out for lunch because his car is broken.
A. In spite of his broken car, Peter will go out for lunch.
B. If his car is not broken, Peter will go out for lunch.
C If his car were not broken, Peter could go out for lunch.
D. Unless his car were not broken, Peter could go out for lunch.
21. If you____________ time, please write to me.
A. have
B. had
C. have had
22. I shouldn’t go there at night if I ____________ you.
A. am
B. was
C. be
23. If I ____________ get a pole, I will go fishing.
A. can
B. could
C. may
24. If you had the chance, ____________ you go fishing?
A. did
B. may
C. would
25. If you ____________ a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have
B. had
C. have had
26. Trees won’t grow____________ there is enough water.
A. if
B. when
C. unless
27. ____________ she agreed, you would have done it.
A. if
B. had
C. should
28. If he hadn’t wasted too much time , he ____________ in his examination.
A. would fail
B. wouldn’t fail
C. wouldn’t have failed
29. If I had taken that English course, I____________ much progress.
A. had made
B. would have made
C. made
30. If I were in your place, I____________ a trip to England.
A. will make
B. had made
C. would make
D. has
D. were
D. might
D. do
D. will have
D. as
D. would
D. won’t fail
D. would make
D. made
PASSIVE VOICE
I. Form:
Ex:
Active:
Active:
S + V + O + …….
Passive:
S + be + PP2 + by + O + ……
She arranges the books on the shelf every weekend.
S
V
O
Passive: The books are arranged on the shelf by her every weekend.
S
be
PP2
O
Điều kiện để có thể biến đổi 1 câu từ chủ động thành bị động:
- V trong câu chủ động phải là Transitive Verb (Ngoại động từ: đòi hỏi có O theo sau)
- Các O (trực tiếp, gián tiếp) phải được nêu rõ ràng.
Rules:
Khi biến đổi 1 câu từ chủ động sang bị động ta làm theo các bước sau:
a. Xác định S, V, O và thì của V trong câu chủ động.
b. Lấy O trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động.
Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và đặt sau By trong câu bị động.
c. Biến dổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành PP2 (Past Participle) trong câu bị động.
d. Thêm To be vào trước PP2 trong câu bị động (To be phải chia theo thời của V chính trong
câu
chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động).
Notes:
a. Trong câu bị động by + O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) và đứng trước
adverbs of time (trạng từ chỉ thời gian).
b. Trong câu bị động, có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone, by him, by her…nếu chỉ đối
tượng không xác định.
c. Nếu O trong câu bị động là sự vật, sự việcthì dùng with thay cho by.
Ex:
The bird was shot with the gun.
The bird was shot by the hunter.
II. Bảng các thời ở thể bị động: (Gồm 1 số thời chính thường dùng ở bị động)
Tenses
Active
Passive
Simple Present
S+V+O
S + be + V3/ Ved + by + O
Present
Continuous
Present Perfect
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + am/is/are + being + V3/ Ved + by + O
S + has/have + PP.2 + O
S + has/have + been + V3/ Ved + by + O
Simple Past
S + V-ed + O
S + was/were + V3/ Ved + by + O
Past Continuous
S + was/were + V-ing + O
S + was/were + being + V3/ Ved + by + O
Past Perfect
S + had + PP.2 + O
S + had + been + V3/ Ved + by + O
Simple Future
S + will/shall + V + O
S + will + be + V3/ Ved + by + O
Future Perfect
S + will/shall + have + PP.2 + O
S + will + have + been + V3/ Ved + by + O
Be + going to
S + am/is/are + going to + V + O
Model Verbs
S + can, must ...+ V + O
S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3/ Ved + by
+O
S + can, must, ….+ be + V3/ Ved + by + O
III. Câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ
- Đối với câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ (trong đó thường có 1 tân ngữ chỉ người và 1 tân ngữ chỉ vật) như
give, show, tell, ask, teach, send …… muốn nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ nào người ta đưa tân ngữ đó lên làm
chủ ngữ của câu bị động. Do đó, ta có thể viết được 2 câu bị động bằng cách lần lượt lấy O1 và O2 của câu
chủ động ban đầu làm chủ ngữ để mở đầu các câu bị động.
Ex:
I gave him a book.
S V O1 O2
 He was given a book (by me).
 A book was given to him (by me).
IV. Động từ trong câu chủ động có giới từ đi kèm
- Chúng ta không thể tách giới từ khỏi V mà nó đi cùng.  đặt giới từ đó ngay sau V trong câu bị động.
Ex:
Someone broke into our house .
 Our house was broken into.
The boys usually wake her up.
 She is usually woken up by the boys.
Bài tập về câu bị động trong tiếng anh: Bài tập kèm đáp án xem
I/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form.
1. Somebody has taken my briefcase.
2. The teacher returned our written work to us.
3. She had finished her report by soon.
4. The mad dog bit the little boy.
5. The police have arrested five suspects.
6. The doctor ordered him to take a long rest.
7 lightening struck the house.
8. A group of students have met their friends at the rail way station.
9. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
10. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
11. Marry has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
12. This is the second time they have written to us about this.
13. Mr. Smith has taught us French for two year.
14. They didn’t look after the children properly.
15. Nobody swept this street last week.
16. People drink a great deal of tea in England.
17. People speak English all over the world.
18. Tom was writing two poems.
19. She often takes her dog for a walk.
20. They can’t make tea with cold water.
V. MỘT
SỐ DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT
1. Chuyển câu chủ động có sử dụng to-V thành bị động:
S + V + Sb + to-V + O
 Mẫu A:
S + V + to be + V3/ Ved + (by Sb)
 Mẫu B:
S + V + O V3/ Ved + to be + V3/ Ved + (by Sb)
 Mẫu C:
Sb + be + + to-V + O
* Cách 1: Nếu tân ngữ sau to-V trong câu chủ động cũng chính là chủ ngữ trong câu bị động  dùng mẫu
A
Ex:
I want you to teach me
 I want to be taught by you.
* Cách 2: Nếu tân ngữ sau to-V trong câu chủ động khác với chủ ngữ trong câu bị động  dùng mẫu B
Ex:
I want him to repair my car  I want my car to be repaired by him
* Cách 3: Có thể dùng Sb trong câu chủ động làm Chủ ngữ của câu bị động  dùng mẫu C
Ex:
People don't expect the police to find out the stolen car.
 The police aren't expected to find out the stolen car.
2. S + V1 + V-ing + O + …
Ex:

S + V + (that) + O + should be + P.P2 + …
She suggests drinking beer at the party.
 She suggests that beer should be drunk at the
party.
3. S + V1 + Sb + V-ing + O...
Ex:

S + V + being + V3/ Ved + ...
She remember people taking her to the zoo.  She remember being taken to the zoo.
* Trong mẫu câu 2 và 3, V1 là những V đòi hỏi được theo sau bởi V-ing
4. Chuyển câu chủ động dùng Bare-Infinitive (Động từ nguyên thể không có To) sau các V chỉ giác
quan
thành câu bị động :
S + see / hear / watch / look /catch … + Sb + V + O ….
 Sb + be + seen / heard / watched / looked / caught … + to-V + O ….
* Cách chuyển: Đổi V thành to-V khi chuyển sang bị động:
Ex:
I sometimes see him go out.  He is sometimes seen to go out.
5. Chuyển câu chủ động có V-ing sau các V chỉ giác quan sang bị động:
S + see / hear / watch / look / catch … + Sb + V-ing + O ….
 Sb + be + seen / heard / watched / looked / caught/ …+ V-ing + O ….
* Cách chuyển: Khi chuyển sang bị động, V-ing vẫn giữ nguyên là V-ing
Ex:
I see him bathing her dog now.
 He is seen bathing her dog now.
We heard her singing loudly .
 She was heard singing loudly.
6. Chuyển câu mệnh lệnh chủ động  bị động: Dùng LET
Khẳng định: V + O
 Let + O + be + V3/ Ved
Phủ định:
 Don’t let + O + be + V3/ Ved
Ex:
Don't + V + O
Do the exercise!
 Let the exercise be done!
Don't leave him alone!
 Don't let him be left alone!
* Câu mệnh lệnh chủ động cũng có thể chuyển thành bị động với SHOULD trong một số tình huống:
Ex: Don’t use the car in case it breaks down.
 The car shouldn’t be used in case it break
down.
7. Don’t let + Sb + V + you
Ex:

Don’t let + yourself + be + V3/ Ved
Don't let the others see you.  Don't let yourself be seen.
 It + be + adj + for O + to be + V3/ Ved
8. It + be + adj + to-V + O …..
Ex:
It's very difficult to study English.
 It's very difficult for English to be studied.
9. It + be + my/your/her/his/our/their... + duty + to-V + (O)
 I/You/She/He/We/They + be + supposed + to-V + (O)
Ex:
It's their duty to do this job.  They are supposed to do this job.
10. Mẫu câu với have/get:
* S + have + Sb + V + O …
Ex:
 S + have + O + V3/ Ved + (by+ Sb)
I had him repair my bike.
* S + get + Sb + to-V + O … 
Ex:
 I had my bike repaired by him.
S + get + O + to be + V3/ Ved (by + Sb)
We get him to look after our house when we are on business.
 We get our house to be looked after (by him) whem we are on business.
11. S + make / let / help … + Sb + V + O …
 Sb + be + made / helped + to-V + O …
Ex:
She made me work hard.
 I was made to work hard.
* Chú ý:
Mẫu câu chủ động với "to let" khi chuyển sang bị động nên được thay thế bằng dạng bị động của
ALLOW + to-V:
Ex:
S + let + O + V + (O)
 Sb + be + allowed + to V + O.
She let him enter the room.
 He was allowed to enter the room.
12. Sb + need / deserve … + to-V + Sth + …
Ex:

We need to water the plants everyday.
Sth + need / deserve … + V-ing + …
 The plants need watering everyday.
13. Câu bị động có động từ tường thuật
- Chủ động:
S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O + …..
* Những động từ tường thuật (Reporting Verbs = V1) thường gặp:
think
consider
know
believe
say
suppose
suspect
rumour
declare
………………
…………
…………
…………
…………
……………
* Đối với loại câu này, S thường là People/They …và thường được dịch là “Người ta ….”
Có thể biến đổi câu chủ động này theo các trường hợp sau:
a. V1 ở Hiện Tại Đơn – V2 sau That cũng ở Hiện Tại Đơn
Active
Passive
S1 + V1-s/es + that + S2 + V-s/es + O + ….
It is + PP2 của V1 + that + S2 + V-s/es + O + ….
S2 + am/is/are + PP2 của V1 + to + V + …..
Ex:
People say that he always drink a lot of wine.
 It is said that he always drink a lot of
wine.
 He is said to always drink a lot of
wine.
b. V1 ở Hiện Tại Đơn – V2 sau That ở Quá Khứ Đơn
S1 + V1-s/es + that + S2 + V-ed + O + ….
Active
It is + PP.2 của V1 + that + S2 + V-ed + O + …..
Passive
Ex:
S2 + am/is/are + PP.2 của V1 + to + have + PP.2 của V-ed + O + ….
Villagers think that he broke into her house.  It is thought that he broke into her house.
 He is thought to have broken into her house.
c. V1 ở Quá Khứ Đơn – V2 sau That cũng ở Quá Khứ Đơn
S1 + V1-ed + that + S2 + V-ed + O + ….
Active
It was + PP.2 của V1 + that + S2 + V-ed + O + …..
Passive
Ex:
S2 + was/were + PP.2 của V1 + to + V + O + ….
The police believed that the murderer died.  It was believed that the murderer died.
 The murderer was believed to die.
* Ngoài ra, còn có thể gặp một số trường hợp khác của mẫu câu này:
d. V1 ở Hiện Tại Đơn – V2 sau That ở Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn
Active
S1 + V1-s/es + that + S2 + am/is/are + V-ing + O + ….
Passive
It is + PP.2 của V1+ that + S2 + am/is/are + V-ing + O + …..
S2 + am/is/are + PP2 của V1 + to + be + V-ing + O + ….
 It is thought that she is living in Lodon.
 She is thought to be living in London.
e. V1 ở Hiện Tại Đơn – V2 sau That ở Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn
Ex:
They think that she is living in London
Active
S1 + V1-s/es + that + S2 + was/were + V-ing + O + ….
It is + PP2 của Reporting Verb + that + S2 + was/were + V-ing + O + …..
Passive
Ex:
homework.
S2 + am/is/are + PP2 of Reporting Verb + to + have + been + V-ing + O + ….
We think that they were doing homework.
 It is thought that they were doing
 They are thought to have been doing
homework.
* Chú ý:
- Nếu V ở mệnh đề trước và sau "THAT" trong câu chủ động được chia cùng thời thì khi chuyển sang bị
động,
ta dùng "to-V"
Ex:
They rumored that the man killed his wife.  The man is rumored to kill his wife.
- Nếu V ở mệnh đề trước và sau “THAT” trong câu chủ động được chia ở 2 thời khác nhau, khi chuyển
thành
bị động, ta dung “to + have + PP.2”
Ex:
They rumor that the man killed his wife.
 The man is rumored to have killed his wife.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form.
II.1 Yes – No questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.Do they teach English here?
2.Will you invite her to your wedding party?
3.Did the teacher give some exercise?
4.Is she going to write a poem?
5.Have they changed the window of the laboratory?
6.Is she making big cake for the party?
7.Has Tom finished the work?
8.
9.
10.
8.Are the police making inquires about the thief?
9.Must we finish the test before ten?
10.Will buses bring the children home?
II.2 Wh – question:
11. When will you do the work?
12. How many days did she spend finishing the work?
13. How do you spend this amount of money?
14. What books are people reading this year?
15. How did the police find the lost man?
16. Who looked after the children for you?
17. How long have they waited for the doctor?
18. What time can the boys hand in their paper?
19. Why didn’t they help him?
20. Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
II.3 Sentences with verbs “continue and begin”.
21. We’ll continue to use this computer.
22. They began to plant rubber trees in big plantation.
23. People can continue to enjoy natural resources.
24. People will continue to drink coca – cola in the 21st century.
25. American people began to love football.
II.4 Sentences with phrasal verbs.
26. They gave up the research after three hours.
27. Someone should look into the matter.
28. Don’t speak until someone speak to you.
29. A neighbor is looking after the children.
30. Your story brings back pleasant memories.
II.5 Sentences with verbs of perception: (giác quan)
31. I have heard her sing that song several times.
32. People saw him steal your car.
33. The teacher is watching them work.
34. He won’t let you do that silly thing again.
35. People don’t make the children work hard.
36. They made him work all day.
37. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag.
38. The terrorists made the hostages lie down.
39. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route.
40. She helps me do all these difficult exercises.
II.6 Sentences with “advise, beg, order, urge, agree, decide...”.
41. She advised me to sell that house.
42. They beg us to help them.
43. He orders us to clean the floor.
44. He recommends me to do the job.
45. She urged him to visit her parents as soon as possible.
II.7 Sentences of imperative:
46. Open your book!
47. Take off your hat!
48. Don’t do that silly thing again!
49. Let tell them about it!
50. Don’t let the other see you!]
II.8 Some special sentences:
51. It is dangerous for us to take the short cut.
52. You need to have you hair cut.
53. You must see it to believe it. hoc tieng anh
54. John wants someone to take some photographs.
55. We enjoy writing letter.
III. Read the sentences then write another sentences with the same meaning.
1.It is believe that the wanted man is living in New York.
The wanted man..is believed that to be living in New York
2. It is said that many people are homeless after the flood.
- Many people...................................................................................................................
3. It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law.
- The Prime Minister.......................................................................................................
4. It is expected that the government will lose the election.
- The government............................................................................................................
5. It is thought that the prisoner escaped climbing over the wall.
- The prisoner..................................................................................................................
6. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen.
- The thieves....................................................................................................................
7. It is alleged that he drove through the town at 90 miles an hour.
- He.................................................................................................................
8. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident.
- Two people....................................................................................................
9. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion.
- Three men....................................................................................................
10. It is said that he is 108 years old.
- He....................................................................................................................
11. They rumored the man was still living.
- The man.........................................................................................................................
12. They declared that she won the competition.
- She................................................................................................................................
13. People believed that13 is an unlucky number.
- Number 13...................................................................................................................
14. They saw that John is the brightest student in class.
- John..............................................................................................................................
15. People believed that the earth stood still.
- The earth................................................................................................
SO SÁNH VỚI TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ
(COMPARISON)
I- PHÂN BIỆT TÍNH TỪ NGẮN & TÍNH TỪ DÀI, TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN & TRẠNG TỪ DÀI
1. Phân biệt tính từ ngắn & tính từ dài:
Tính từ ngắn (Short adjectives)
Tính từ dài (Long adjectives)
(Ký hiệu trong bài này là: S-adj)
(Ký hiệu trong bài này là: L-adj)
- Là tính từ có một âm tiết
- Là tính từ có từ 2 âm tiết trở lên
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:
- red, long, short, hard,….
- beautiful, friendly, humorous, ….
2. Trạng từ ngắn & Trạng từ dài:
Trạng từ ngắn (Short adverbs)
Trạng từ dài (Long adverbs)
(Ký hiệu trong bài này là: S-adv)
(Ký hiệu trong bài này là: L-adv)
- Là trạng từ có một âm tiết
- Là trạng từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên.
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:
- hard, fast, near, far, right, wrong, …
- quickly, interestingly, tiredly, …
II- SO SÁNH BẰNG VỚI TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ
1. So sánh bằng với tính từ và trạng từ:
Cấu trúc:
S1 + V + as + adj/adv + as + S2 + auxiliary V
S1 + V + as + adj/ adv + as + O/ N/ pronoun
Ví dụ:
- She is as tall as I am = She is as tall as me. (Cô ấy cao bằng tôi.)
- He runs as quickly as I do = He runs as quickly as me. (Anh ấy chạy nhanh như tôi.)
- Your dress is as long as my dress = Your dress is as long as mine. (Váy của bạn dài bằng váy của tôi.)
2. So sánh hơn với tính từ và trạng từ.
* So sánh hơn với tính từ ngắn và trạng từ ngắn:
Cấu trúc:
S1 + S-adj + er/ S-adv- er + than + S2 + Axiliary V
S1 + S-adj + er/ S-adv- er + than + O/ N/ Pronoun
Trong đó:
S-adj-er: là tính từ ngắn thêm đuôi “er”
S-adv-er: là trạng từ ngắn thêm đuôi “er”
S1: Chủ ngữ 1 (Đối tượng được so sánh)
S2: Chủ ngữ 2 (Đối tượng dùng để so sánh với đối tượng 1)
Axiliary V: trợ động từ
O (object): tân ngữ
N (noun): danh từ
Pronoun: đại từ
Ví dụ:
- This book is thicker than that one. (Cuốn sách này dày hơn cuốn sách kia.)
- They work harder than I do. = They work harder than me. (Họ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn tôi.)
* So sánh hơn với tính từ dài và trạng từ dài:
Cấu trúc:
S1 + more + L-adj/ L-adv + than + S2 + Axiliary V
S1 + more + L-adj/ L-adv + than + O/ N/ Pronoun
Trong đó:
L-adj: tính từ dài
L-adv: trạng từ dài
Ví dụ:
- He is more intelligent than I am. = He is more intelligent than me. (Anh ấy thông minh hơn tôi.)
- My friend did the test more carefully than I did. = My friend did the test more carefully thanme. (Bạn
tôi làm bài kiểm tra cẩn thận hơn tôi.)
3. So sánh hơn nhất đối với tính từ và trạng từ.
+ So sánh hơn nhất đối với tính từ ngắn và trạng từ ngắn:
Cấu trúc:
S + V + the + S-adj-est/ S-adv-est
Ví dụ:
- It is the darkest time in my life. (Đó là khoảng thời gian tăm tối nhất trong cuộc đời tôi.)
- He runs the fastest in my class. (Anh ấy chạy nhanh nhất lớp tôi.)
+ So sánh hơn nhất đối với tính từ dài và trạng từ dài:
Cấu trúc:
S + V + the + most + L-adj/ L-adv
Ví dụ:
- She is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever met. (Cô ấy là cô gái xinh nhất mà tôi từng gặp.)
- He drives the most carelessly among us. (Anh ấy ấy lái xe ẩu nhất trong số chúng tôi.)
III- CHÚ Ý:
+ Một số tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng có tận cùng là “y, le, ow, er” khi sử dụng ở so sánh hơn hay so sánh
hơn nhất nó áp dụng cấu trúc so sánh hơn của tính từ ngắn.
Tính từ
So sánh hơn
So sánh hơn nhất
Happy
-> happier
-> the happiest
Simple
-> simpler
-> the simplest
Narrow
-> narrower
-> the narrowest
Clever
-> cleverer
-> the cleverest
Ví dụ:
- Now they are happier than they were before. (Bây giờ họ hạnh phúc hơn trước kia.)
Ta thấy “happy” là một tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng khi sử dụng so sánh hơn, ta sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh hơn
của tính từ ngắn.
+ Một số tính từ và trạng từ biến đổi đặc biệt khi sử dụng so sánh hơn và so sánh hơn nhất.
Tính từ/Trạng từ
So sánh hơn
So sánh hơn nhất
Good/well
-> better
-> the best
Bad/ badly
-> worse
-> the worst
Much/ many
-> more
-> the most
a little/ little
-> less
-> the least
far
-> farther/ further
-> the farthest/ furthest
IV- SO SÁNH KÉP
1. Cấu trúc so sánh “….càng ngày càng …”
* Đối với tính từ ngắn và trạng từ ngắn
S-adj-er/ S-adv-er and S-adj-er/ S-adv-er
Ví dụ:
- My sister is taller and taller. (Em gái tôi càng ngày càng cao.)
- He works harder and harder. (Anh ấy làm việc càng ngày càng chăm chỉ.)
* Đối với tính từ dài và trạng từ dài
More and more + L-adj/ L-adv
Ví dụ:
- The film is more and more interesting. (Bộ phim càng ngày càng thú vị.)
- He ran more and more slowly at the end of the race. (Anh ấy chạy càng ngày càng chậm ở phần cuối
cuộc đua.)
2. Cấu trúc so sánh “càng …. càng…”
* Đối với tính từ ngắn và trạng từ ngắn:
The + S-adj-er/ S-adv-er + S + V, the + S-adj-er/ S-adv-er + S + V
Ví dụ:
- The cooler it is, the better I feel. (Trời càng mát mẻ, tôi càng cảm thấy dễ chịu).
- The harder he works, the higher salary he gets.
* Đối với tính từ dài và trạng từ dài
The + more + L-adj/ L-adv + S + V, the + more + L-adj/ L-adv + S + V
Ví dụ:
- The more carefully he studies, the more confident he feels. (Anh ấy càng học cẩn thận, anh ấy càng
thấy tự tin.)
V- SO SÁNH BỘI (GẤP BAO NHIÊU LẦN)
Số lần (half/ twice/ three times/…) + many/much/ adj/ adv+ as + O/ N/ Pronoun
Ví dụ:
- She works twice as hard as me. (Cô ấy làm việc chăm chỉ gấp 2 lần tôi.)
- This road is three times as long as that one. (Con đường này dài gấp 3 lần con đường kia
BÀI LUYỆN TẬP VỀ SO SÁNH VỚI TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ
(Exercise on comparison)
Bài 1: Viết dạng so sánh hơn và so sánh hơn nhất của các tính từ và trạng từ sau:
Tính từ/ Trạng từ
So sánh hơn
So sánh hơn nhất
1. beautiful
2. hot
3. crazy
4. slowly
5. few
6. little
7. bad
8. good
9. attractive
10. big
Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống trong các câu sau.
1. She is ....... singer I’ve ever met.
A. worse
B. bad
C. the worst
D. badly
2. Mary is ....... responsible as Peter.
A. more
B. the most
3. It is ....... in the city than it is in the country.
C. much
D. as
A. noisily
B. more noisier
C. noisier
D. noisy
4. She sings ……….. among the singers I have known.
A. the most beautiful
B. the more beautiful
C. the most beautifully
D. the more beautifully
5. She is ....... student in my class.
A. most hard-working
B. more hard-working
C. the most hard-working
D. as hard-working
6. The English test was ....... than I thought it would be.
A. the easier
B. more easy
C. easiest
D. easier
C. hardest
D. the hardest
C. bigger
D. biggest
C. the slowly
D. the most slowly
C. more cheap than
D. cheaper than
7. English is thought to be ....... than Math.
A. harder
B. the more hard
8. Jupiter is ....... planet in the solar system.
A. the biggest
B. the bigger
9. She runs …… in my class.
A. the slowest
B. the most slow
10. My house is ....... hers.
A. cheap than
B. cheaper
11. Her office is ....... away than mine.
A. father
B . more far
C. farther
D. farer
12. Tom is ....... than David.
A. handsome
B. the more handsome
C. more handsome
D. the most handsome
13. He did the test ……….. I did.
A. as bad as
B. badder than
C. more badly than
D. worse than
14. A boat is ....... than a plane.
A. slower
B. slowest
C. more slow
D. more slower
15. My new sofa is ....... than the old one.
A. more comfortable
B. comfortably
C. more comfortabler
D. comfortable
16. My sister dances ……….. than me.
A. gooder
B. weller
C. better
D. more good
17. My bedroom is ....... room in my house.
A. tidier than
B. the tidiest
C. the most tidy
D. more tidier
18. This road is ....... than that road.
A. narrower
B. narrow
C. the most narrow
D. more narrower
19. He drives ……. his brother.
A. more careful than
B. more carefully
C. more carefully than
D. as careful as
20. It was ....... day of the year.
A. the colder
B. the coldest
C. coldest
D. colder
Bài 3: Điền vào chỗ trống dạng so sánh đúng của từ trong ngoặc.
1. He is (clever) ……………………. student in my group.
2. She can’t stay (long) …………………….than 30 minutes.
3. It’s (good) ……………………. holiday I’ve had.
4. Well, the place looks (clean) …………………….now.
5. The red shirt is better but it’s (expensive) ……………………. than the white one.
6. I’ll try to finish the job (quick).…………………….
7. Being a firefighter is (dangerous) ……………………. than being a builder.
8. Lan sings ( sweet ) ………………..than Hoa
9. This is (exciting) ……………………. film I’ve ever seen.
10. He runs ( fast )………………….of all.
11. My Tam is one of (popular) ……………………. singers in my country.
12. Which planet is (close) ……………………. to the Sun?
13. Carol sings as (beautiful) …………………….as Mary, but Cindy sings the (beautiful)
…………………….
14. The weather this summer is even (hot) ……………………. than last summer.
15. Your accent is ( bad ) …………………..than mine.
16. Hot dogs are (good) …………………….than hamburgers.
17. They live in a (big) ……………………. house, but Fred lives in a (big) ……………………. one.
18. French is considered to be (difficult) …………………….than English, but Chinese is the (difficult)
…………………….language.
19. It’s the (large)……………………. company in the country.
Bài 4: Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. Her old house is bigger than her new one.
-> Her new house…………………………………….........
2. No one in my class is taller than Peter.
-> Peter ……………………………………………….
3. The black dress is more expensive than the white one.
-> The white dress ……………………………………………
4. According to me, English is easier than Maths.
-> According to me, Maths ………………………………….
5. No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary.
-> Mary ……………………………………………………….
6. No river in the world is longer than the Nile.
-> The Nile …………………………………………………..
7. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
-> No mountain ……………………………………………...
8. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl.
-> She is ……………………………………………………..
9. He works much. He feels tired.
-> The more …………………………………………………
10. This computer works better than that one.
-> That computer ……………………………………………..
11. The apartment is big. The rent is high.
-> The bigger ………………………………………………….
12. We set off soon. We will arrive soon.
-> The sooner ……………………………………………………
13. The joke is good. The laughter is loud.
-> The better ……………………………………………….……..
14. She gets fat. She feels tired.
-> The fatter ……………………………………………….………
15. As he gets older, he wants to travel less.
-> The older ……………………………………………….………
16. The children are excited with the difficult games.
-> The more ……………………………………………….………
17. People dive fast. Many accidents happen.
-> The faster ……………………………………………….………
18. I meet him much. I hate him much
-> The more ……………………………………………….………
19. My boss works better when he is pressed for time,
-> The less ……………………………………………….…………
20. As he has much money, he wants to spend much.
-> The more ……………………………………………….…………
21. If you read many books, you will have much knowledge.
-> The more ……………………………………………………………
22. He speaks too much and people feel bored.
-> The more ……………………………………………………………
23. The growth in the economy makes people’s living condition better.
-> The more ……………………………………………………………..
24. People learn a lot of things as they travel far.
-> The farther …………………………………………………………….
It was not until + time word/phrase/clause that +
clause
EX:
1. She didn’t become a teacher until yesterday.
=> It was not until yesterday that he became a teacher.
time word
2. He didn’t come home until late in the evening
=> It was not until late in the evening that he came home.
time phrase
3. He didn't know how to swim until he was 30 years old.
=> It was not until he was 30 years old that he knew how to swim.
time clause
Rewrite the following sentences using “It was not until…that…”
1. Cinema didn’t become an industry until 1915.
 _______________________________________________________________________
2. My son didn’t start talking until he was 5.
 _______________________________________________________________________
3. Lan didn’t go abroad until she was 35.
 _______________________________________________________________________
4. We didn’t go to bed until midnight.
 _______________________________________________________________________
5. The boy didn’t stop singing until their teacher came.
 _______________________________________________________________________
6. She didn’t write to him until she receive a letter from him.
 _______________________________________________________________________
7. The letter didn’t arrive until yesterday.
 _______________________________________________________________________
8. We didn’t have a holiday until last summer.
 _______________________________________________________________________
9. We didn’t finish it until the end of last summer.
 _______________________________________________________________________
10. The child didn’t go to sleep until her mother came home.
 _______________________________________________________________________
11. The boy didn’t tell the truth until his father threatened to punish him.
 _______________________________________________________________________
12. The patient’s heart condition didn’t improve until she received that new treatment.
 _______________________________________________________________________
13. He didn’t stop working until he felt too tired.
 _______________________________________________________________________
14. The police didn’t make any accusations until they had some proof.
 _______________________________________________________________________
15. The little girl didn’t open the gifts until the last visitor left.
 _______________________________________________________________________
16. He didn’t get married until he was forty.
 _______________________________________________________________________
17. He hadn’t been a famous singer before he went to HCM city.
 _______________________________________________________________________
18. She didn’t begin to learn English until 1980.
 _______________________________________________________________________
19. We didn’t study English until we began primary school.
 _______________________________________________________________________
20. I didn’t learn English until 2002.
 _______________________________________________________________________
21. He didn’t know how to swim until he was 30
 _______________________________________________________________________
22. They didn’t begin to learn English until 1980.
 _______________________________________________________________________
23. The boy didn’t do his homework until his father came home.
 _______________________________________________________________________
NOTE: (Inversion) đảo ngữ mệnh đề 2
Only When + S V, Vaux + S V : Chỉ khi làm gì
EX:
I didn't know she had been well-known until her friends told me.
=> Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known.
16. Only when you grow up ______ the truth.
A. do you know
B. you will know
C. will you know
D. you know
(TRÍCH ĐỀ THI DẠI HỌC NĂM 2009-2010 MÃ ĐỀ 469)
Not until + N + Vaux + S V: Mãi đến khi
EX:
Man didn't fly into space until the early 1960s
=>Not until the early 1960s did man fly into space.
Not until S V , Vaux + S V: Cho đến khi
EX:
They couldn't go on working until the rain stopped
=>Not until the rain stopped could they go on working
She had not seen him until last Friday. = Not until last Friday had she seen him.
The structure is not restricted to the past perfect tense.
She will not see him until next Friday. = Not until next Friday will she see him.
II. Rewrite the following sentences, using “It was not untill … that…”
1. I didn’t finish the report until midnight.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
2. The manager didn’t return from his holiday untill Monday.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
3. She didn’t answer his phone call until he had phoned her the third time.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
4. They didn’t buy the house until the bank had lent them the money.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
5. Denise didn’t know the truth until we had told her.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
6. The work on the new bridge wasn’t completed until the end of 2004.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
7. Julia didn’t notice me untill I had shouted to her.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
8. Olivia didn’t leave the office until everybody had gone home.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
9. No one could leave the stadium until 2.30.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
10.She wasn't allowed to open her presents until her birthday.
→ It was not untill……………………………………………………………………...
11.We didn't have any holiday until last summer.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
12. She didn't stop learning German until the age of 24.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
13. I couldn't finish my project until Mark helped me.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
14. I didn't sleep until midnight.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
15. They didn't pay the bill until the electricity was cut off.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
16. I couldn't comment further until I had all the information.
→ It was not until……………………………………………………………………...
III. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1. It was not until she was twenty – nine that Paula decided to get married.
→ Paula …………………………………………………………………...
2. It was not until the sun had risen that I woke up.
→ I …………………………………………………………………...
3. It was not until I had showed it to him that Simon realized his mistake.
→ Simon …………………………………………………………………...
4. It was not until the spring came that the ice on the lake thawed.
→ The ice …………………………………………………………………...
5. It was not until the building was almost burned down that the firemen arrived.
→ The firemen …………………………………………………………………...
6. It was not until it had stopped raining that we left the party.
→ We …………………………………………………………………...
7. It was not until all the shops had closed that Isabel decided to go shopping.
→ Isabel …………………………………………………………………...
8. It was not until the robbers had gone that the police came to the scene.
→ The police …………………………………………………………………...