ECE 477 Design Review
Team 3  Fall 2011
Outline
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Project overview
Project-specific success criteria
Block diagram
Component selection rationale
Packaging design
Schematic and theory of operation
PCB layout
Software design/development status
Project completion timeline
Questions / discussion
Project Overview
• Portable low-cost aerial drone that can be
used for reconnaissance.
• Relay real-time video and data like location,
heading, battery life.
• Take high-resolution pictures of the ground
in flight.
• Store photos and some flight data in nonvolatile memory, á la “blackbox” system.
• Control drone manually via a control unit.
Project-Specific Success Criteria
• An ability to control the direction of the
onboard video camera.
• An ability to control the direction of the
onboard video camera.
• An ability to transmit real-time sensor data
from the UAV to the base.
• An ability for the user to trigger the capture
of still images by a camera on a UAV.
• An ability to store relevant data in nonvolatile memory on a UAV.
Block Diagram
Component Selection Rationale
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Apprentice15EType
Wingspan: 58 in (1475mm)
Overall Length: 37 in (940mm)
Flying Weight: 40–45 oz (1135–1275 g)
“Easy” to fly
http://secure.hobbyzone.com/catalog/hz/EFL2725.html?media=image
Component Selection Rationale
IMU MPU-6050
• Low power consumption
• Communicates via I2C
Pressure Sensor BMP085
• Small size
• Also measures temperature
• Communicates via I2C
Component Selection Rationale
Digital Compass - HMC6352
• Small power footprint
• Communicates via I2C
GPS sensor - LS20031
• Small size
• Communicates via UART
Battery Management IC – DS2438
• Recommended for 11.1V Li-Po batteries
• Communicates via UART
Component Selection Rationale
Controls Antenna Module : XBee-PRO
• Range~1500 m LOS
• Tx/Rx at 2.4 GHz with up to 250 kbps
• 3g in weight
• Communicates via UART
Video Camera Module : AVX-900-T4 + Sony
CCD camera
• Light weight
• Range ~ 1600 m.
• Tx/Rx at 900 MHz
Component Selection Rationale
Microcontroller Design Requirements
• Needs at least 4 PWM outputs
• SPI, I2C and UART for interfacing
Selected Microcontroller - AT32UC3A3256
• Has 256 Kb Flash, 66Mhz Max Frequency
• Also, 6 SPI, 12 PWMs, 4 UART, 2 I2C
Why use Xbox Controller over other options like PS3
DualShock/Kinect/Joystick?
• Better compatibility and documentation
Packaging Design
53 in
37 in
• 6.3 x 3 in. digital
board
• 3 x 1 in. power
board (attached)
• 2.8 x 1.6 in Tx
module
Video Transmission Module
Telemetry
Equipment
Packaging Design
Packaging Design
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Microcontroller
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Microcontroller
Decoupling
common for pin
groups
Decoupling close
to device on
VDDIN
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Microcontroller
Decoupling close
to device on
VDDIO
Decoupling
for on-chip
RC and flash
logic
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Microcontroller
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Sensors
Sensors
Interfacing through
I2C
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Sensors
Sensors
Interfacing
through UART
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Servo Motors
PCB Layout: Microcontroller Board
Microcontroller:
•Oscillator
•Microcontroller decoupling
•V_core (1.8V)
Power:
•Current loop minimization
Digital Data:
•SPI: SD Card, Battery Management IC
•I2C: IMU, Digital Compass
•UART: GPS Reciever, XBee Antenna
•GPIO: Enable signal for video camera, still camera trigger
PCB Layout: Microcontroller Board
Analog
3”
Power
6.3”
PCB Layout: Microcontroller
PCB Layout: Crystal
36 MHz
PCB Layout: Microcontroller Power
Vddin (3.3V)
Vddcore (1.8V)
Vddio (3.3V)
GND
PCB Layout: Microcontroller Board Power
3.3V
GND
PCB Layout: Microcontroller Board Signals
Servos: PWM
GPS: UART
JTAG
Altimeter: I2C
Battery Management: SPI
IMU: I2C
SD Card: SPI
Digital Compass: I2C
Xbee: UART
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Power Board Schematic
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Power Board Schematic
3.3 V SMPS Voltage Regulator
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Power Board Schematic
Dallas DS2438 battery Management IC
Schematic/Theory of Operation
Power Board Schematic
Video Camera
Interfacing and
Power Board
Header
PCB Layout : Power Board
• duplicate this slide as necessary for each
major block of your design
Battery
Management
IC
Optoisolator
Regulator
Software Design/Development Status
Base Station PC - Controls
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Will use an Xbox controller via USB for input
Xbox Controller will be interfaced using XNA 4.0
Control data will be “made” according to a
simple look-up table
• Will be shifted out onto a USB to be caught by
wireless transmitter
 C# will be used to this effect, strong
integration with XNA
Preliminary work on this has been started, with
success on Xbox controller interfacing
Software Design/Development Status
Base Station PC – HUD
• The back-end will be made in C#/Embedded C for
easier interfacing
• We will try to make the frontend in C#.Net for
uniformity, otherwise Java using Java Native
Interface to tie C and Java together.
Microprocessor - AT32UC3A256
• Has two main concerns, sensors and control data
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Round Robin Polling Loop for sensors
Interrupt driven design for controls
• Work has yet to be started on this
Project Completion Timeline
Questions / Discussion