COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANXIETY, AGGRESSION, SELF
CONFIDENCE, ACHIEVEMENTS AND INTELLIGENCE
AMONG THE COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LEVEL
MEN FOOTBALL, HOCKEY AND
BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Thesis Submitted to the
BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI
through the DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
A.V.V.M. SRI PUSHPAM COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), POONDI
for the award of the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
By
A.MARIAPPAN, M.P.Ed, M.Phil
Under the Guidance of
Dr. C. ROBERT ALEXANDER, Ph.D.,
Associate Professor and Head
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
A.V.V.M. SRI PUSHPAM COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
POONDI-613 503, THANJAVUR DISTRICT
JULY - 2013
A. VEERIYA VANDAYAR MEMORIAL SRI PUSHPAM COLLEGE (Autonomous)
POONDI-613 503, THANJAVUR – DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA.
Dr. C. ROBERT ALEXANDER, Ph.D.,
Associate Professor & Head,
Department of Physical Education.
Mobile: 94431 26428
e-mail: [email protected]
Date :
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
ANXIETY, AGGRESSION, SELF CONFIDENCE, ACHIEVEMENTS AND
INTELLIGENCE AMONG THE COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LEVEL MEN
FOOTBALL,
HOCKEY
AND
BASKETBALL
PLAYER”
submitted
to
Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF
PHILOSOPHY IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION, embodies the result of the bonafide
research work carried out by A.MARIAPPAN, under my guidance and supervision in
the Department of Physical Education, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous),
Poondi, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.
I further certify that no part of the thesis has been submitted anywhere else for
the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other similar titles to any
candidate.
(C. ROBERT ALEXANDER)
Research Adviser
ii
DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that this thesis entitled “COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
ANXIETY, AGGRESSION, SELF CONFIDENCE, ACHIEVEMENTS AND
INTELLIGENCE AMONG THE COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LEVEL MEN
FOOTBALL, HOCKEY AND BASKETBALL PLAYERS” is a record of bonafide
research work done by me under the supervision of Dr. C. ROBERT ALEXANDER,
Associate Professor and Head, Department of Physical Education, A.V.V.M. Sri
Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, affiliated to
Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli – 620 024 and this work has not been
submitted elsewhere for any other degree.
July, 2013
Poondi-613 503
(A.MARIAPPAN)
Dedicated to
M.JAYALAKSHMI
M.YOGESH
M.PRADHEESH
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The
research
scholar
expresses
his
heartfelt
thanks
to
Dr. C. Robert Alexander, M.A., M.P.Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D., Associate
Professor and Head, Department of Physical Education, A.V.V.M. Sri
Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur, for his valuable
guidance, enthusiasm timely suggestions and scholastic attitude
offered in abundance throughout the preparation of this thesis.
The research scholar express his deep sense of gratitude to our
Revered Kalvikavalar Sreeman K.Thulasiah Vandayar, Secretary and
Correspondent, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi,
Thanjavur, for permitting me to complete this thesis.
I
am
grateful
to
express
my
sincere
gratitude
to
Dr.R.KALIDASAN, Assistant Professor and Head I/C, Department of
Physical Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli for his
help rendered in the completion of this study.
The Research scholar expresses his gratitude to Dr. R. Joycy
Alexander, Associate Professor in Zoology, K.N. Govt. Arts College for
Women, Thanjavur, for her constant encouragements and support to
complete this thesis.
I would like to extend my sincere thank to Mr. K.Mohan,
Mr. P.Rajkumar Ph.D., Scholars, Department of Physical Education,
Bharathidasan University for their timely help to complete research
work.
The research scholar thanks to the Principal Dr. R. Rajendran,
A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Prof. N. Rajendran, Dean
of Arts and Commerce and Dr. U. Balasubramanian, Dean of Science,
v
A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur, for
providing the facilities offered to carry out my research activities.
I would like to extend my sincere thank to Mr. S.Manikandan
MCA Sastra University for their timely help to complete research work.
The investigator expresses his sincere thanks to Faculty
Members, of the Department of Physical Education, A.V.V.M. Sri
Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur, for their help and
encouragement towards the completion of this thesis.
The investigator conveys his sincere thanks to all subjects and
others who have directly (or) indirectly helped for the successful
completion of this research study.
A.MARIAPPAN
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I
TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
Certificate
ii
Declaration
iii
Dedication
iv
Acknowledgement
v
Table of Contents
vii
List of Tables
ix
List of Figures
xii
INTRODUCTION
1 – 24
Importance of ‘Sports Psychology
6
Aggression
9
Self Confidence
12
Achievement Motivation
14
Intelligence
16
Statement of the problem
18
Hypothesis
19
Objectives of the Study
19
Limitations
20
Delimitation
21
Significance of study
22
Definition of The Terms
23
II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
25 – 65
III
METHODOLOGY
66 – 76
Selection of Subjects
66
Justification of Taking-Up the Variables
67
Tools used
68
vii
IV
V
Validity of the Questionnaire
68
Reliability of the Questionnaire
68
Test Administration
71
Collection of Data
76
Research Design
76
Statistical Techniques
76
ANALYSIS OF DATA AND
INTERPRETATION OF THE STUDY
Analysis of Data
78
Test of Significance
78
DISCUSSION ON FINDINGS
Discussion on hypothesis
VI
77 – 133
SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
134 – 145
144
146 – 150
Summary
146
Conclusions
147
Recommendations
150
BIBLIOGRAPHY
151 - 158
APPENDIX
159 - 194
viii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NO
TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
3.1
Tools used
69
3.2
Infraclass Correlation Coefficient of Test and
Retest Scores On Selected Variables
70
4.1
The mean and standard deviation on cognitive
anxiety of college and university level men foot
ball, Hockey and Basket ball players
80
4.2
Two-factor anova on cognitive anxiety of college
and university among male Football, Hockey
and Basketball players
82
4.3
The simple effect test scores of college and
university (rows) between Football, Hockey, and
Basketball (columns) on cognitive anxiety
84
4.4
The Scheffe’s test for difference between paired
Means of cognitive anxiety in difference college
Football, Hockey and Basketball players
86
4.5
The Scheffe’s test for difference between paired
means of cognitive anxiety in difference
university Football, Hockey and Basketball
players
87
4.6
The mean and standard deviation on somatic
anxiety of college and university between foot
ball, Hockey and Basketball players
88
4.7
Two-factor ANOVA on somatic anxiety of college
and university among Football, Hockey and
90
Basketball
4.8
The simple effect test scores of college,
university (rows) and Football, Hockey,
Basketball (columns) on somatic anxiety
92
4.9
The Scheffe’s test for difference between paired
means of somatic anxiety in difference
university Football, Hockey and Basketball
players
94
ix
4.10
4.11
The mean and standard deviation on selfconfidence anxiety of college and university in,
foot ball, Hockey and basket ball players
Two-factor ANOVA on self-confidence of college
and university among Football, Hockey and
95
97
Basketball players
4.12
The simple effect test scores of college,
university (rows) and Football, Hockey,
Basketball (columns) on self-confidence
99
4.13
The Scheffe’s test for difference between paired
means
of
self-confidence
in
difference
university Football, Hockey and Basketball
players
101
4.14
The mean and standard deviation on sports
competition anxiety of college and university in
foot ball, Hockey and basket ball players
102
4.15
Two-factor ANOVA on sports competition
anxiety of college and university among
Football, Hockey and Basketball players
104
4.16
the simple effect test scores of college,
university (rows) and Football, Hockey,
Basketball (columns) on sports competition
anxiety
106
4.17
The Scheffe’s test for difference between paired
means of sports competition anxiety in
difference university Football, Hockey and
Basketball
108
4.18
The mean and standard deviation on trait
anxiety of college and university in foot ball,
Hockey and basket ball players
109
4.19
Two-factor ANOVA on trait anxiety of college
and university among Football, Hockey
111
and Basketball players
4.20
The mean and standard deviation on
aggression of college and university in foot ball,
Hockey and basket ball players
x
113
4.21
Two-factor ANOVA on aggression of college and
university among male Football, Hockey and
Basketball players
115
4.22
The simple effect test scores of college,
university (rows) and Football, Hockey,
Basketball (columns) on sports aggression
117
4.23
The Scheffe’s test for difference between paired
means of aggression in difference university
Football, Hockey and Basketball players
119
4.24
The mean and standard deviation on
achievement
motivation
of
college
and
university in foot ball, Hockey and basket ball
players
120
4.25
Two-factor ANOVA on achievement motivation
of college and university among Football,
Hockey and Basketball players
122
4.26
The simple effect test scores of college,
university (rows) and Football, Hockey,
Basketball (columns) on sports intelligence
124
4.27
The Scheffe’s test for difference between paired
means of achievement motivation in difference
college Football, Hockey and Basketball
126
4.28
The Scheffe’s test for difference between paired
means of achievement motivation in difference
university Football, Hockey and Basketball
127
4.29
The mean and standard deviation on
intelligence of college and university in foot
ball, Hockey and basket ball players
128
4.30
Two-factor ANOVA on intelligence of college and
university among Football, Hockey and
Basketball players
130
4.31
The simple effect test scores of college,
university (rows) and Football, Hockey,
Basketball (columns) on sports intelligence
132
4.32
The Scheffe’s test for difference between paired
means of intelligence in difference university
Football, Hockey and Basketball players
134
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No
TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
4.1
The mean values of college and university
among Football, Hockey, and Basketball on
cognitive anxiety
81
4.2
The mean values of college and university
among Football, Hockey, and Basketball on
somatic anxiety
89
4.3
The mean values of college and university
among Football, Hockey, and Basketball on
self confidence
96
4.4
The mean values of college and university
among Football, Hockey, and Basketball on
sports competition anxiety
103
4.5
The mean values of college and university
among Football, Hockey, and Basketball on
trait anxiety
110
4.6
The mean values of college and university
among Football, Hockey, and Basketball on
aggression
114
4.7
The mean values of college and university
among Football, Hockey, and Basketball on
achievement motivation
121
4.8
The mean values of college and university
among Football, Hockey, and Basketball on
intelligence
129
xii