Motivation and Emotions
Chapter 13
Motivation- feelings that make us do the
things we do
Emotion- states of feeling
Motive- stimulus that moves a person to
behave in ways to accomplish a goal
Need- condition in which we require
something we lack
– Biological needs include food, oxygen, and
water
Self esteem- sense of belonging, and
social approval are psychological needs
Drives- a force that motivates a person to
take action
Theories of Motivation
Instinct Theory
– Instincts- patterns that are transmitted from
generation to generation
Drive Reduction Theory- drive arises from a
need as an unpleasant tension
– You do whatever to reduce the tension
– Homeostasis- state of comfort Critics argue
does not apply to everyone
Theories of Motivation
Humanistic Theory- motivated by a desire for
personal growth and artistic fulfillment.
– Abraham Maslow believed people were willing to
tolerate pain or hunger to achieve goals of selfactualization
– Self Actualization-to become what one believes he or
she can be. Many people seek self actualization
through work, hobbies, music or art.
Critics argue theory doesn’t apply to everyone
– Is it lack of interest or facing overwhelming obstacles.
Socio-Cultural Theory- Culture experiences
shapes people in motivation and drives
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Biological Motivation
Body Tissue Needs- food, water, air, temperature,
and pain avoidance
Hunger drive- chewing and swallowing reduce the
hunger drive
The drive is satisfied when the food is digested
– That takes time (It is wise to stop eating before you feel
full)
Hypothalamus tells body to start eating and when
to stop
Other influences on eating we usually eat more
when you are with other people. Eating as a
stress reduces (Relaxes body)
Obesity- weighing more than 30 percent
above ones recommended weight.
More likely to come down with illnesses
such as heart disease, diabetes,
respiratory problems and certain types of
cancer
Also tend to be less popular and less
successful
Psychological Needs
Reduce tension
Or increase stimulation
Stimulus motives- desire for stimulation including
sensory stimulation, activity, exploration and
manipulation of the environment
– Survival value-change your environment to
survive
– Identify potential dangers
Some people need more stimulation than others
– Is it nature or nurture?
Achievement Motivation
Driven to get ahead, take on new challenges,
meet high personal standards
Performance goals- specific goals or rewards,
earning approval or avoidance of criticism
Extrinsic rewards- good grades, good income, or
respect
Learning goals- learning to have a better
understanding
Intrinsic rewards- self satisfaction
Comes from culture and upbringing, attitudes
toward achievement
Emotions
Emotional states of feelings influence thoughts
and behaviors
How emotions develop in people and how they
effect our lives remains unanswered
State of happiness affects everything a person
does
– World seems safer, makes decisions faster, has
greater satisfaction with their lives
– We feel good the world looks good. When we feel low,
nothing seems to go right
Happier people are more likely to help others
Anger
Makes a person seem out of control.
Discussing anger and expressing
unhappiness eases the unpleasant
feelings.
Emotions determine how we should react
to different situations