Mauritius
Action Plan
for
CO2 Emission
Reduction for the
Aviation Sector
Date
: 28 May 2014
FOREWORD
The Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) had
during its 37th session adopted Resolution A37- 19: Consolidated Statement
on continuing !CAO policies and practices related to environmental protection
and resolved that Contracting States of ICAO and relevant organizations will
work towards achieving a global annual improvement of 2 percent per
annum.
The aviation sector often plays a central role in the national economy of any
State, affecting numerous economic sectors and contributing to its further
development. As such, any measure to limit or reduce the impact of
international aviation on the environment, pursuant to the global
aspirational goals agreed by the ICAO Assembly, should be an integral part
of the broader sustainable development priorities and objectives of a State.
In this context, Contracting States of ICAO are encouraged to prepare action
plans outlining their respective policies and actions including annual
reporting on international aviation C02 emissions to ICAO. The Department
of Civil Aviation of the Republic of Mauritius has set up a working group
comprising of:
•
•
•
The Department of Civil Aviation, which is the regulatory body for
aviation and the provider of air navigation services;
The national carrier, Air Mauritius Ltd , which is the only airline
operator in Mauritius; and
The Airports of Mauritius Co Ltd, the licensed aerodrome operator for
the Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport.
The steering committee has met on regular basis to prepare this action plan
which will be a living document and will be reviewed on a regular basis. A
number of key initiatives has been earmarked and put in place to increase
the fuel efficiency of our national carrier such as modernizing airport
facilities, improved efficiency of Air Traffic Management among others.
The Resolution A38-18 represents a milestone in the continuing efforts of
ICAO to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from international aviation
and further encourages States to submit their voluntary action plans
outlining their respective policies and actions. This action plan has set an
ambitious goal to reduce GHG emissions from. aviation operations, and
should contribute to the global effort to minimize aviation's carbon footprint,
safeguarding our ominous environment from global climate change.
Date
Loirectorpana
n d KINNOO
of Civil Aviation
(y
Mauritius Action Plan for C0 2 Emission Red uction/ Departmen t of Civil Aviation
Sa
Page 2
Table of Contents
Pages
Foreword
2
Table of Content
3
Focal Point
4
Current State of aviation
5
Baseline/Fuel Statistics/CO2 Emission
7
Expected results
7
Metric system used
8
Measures to mitigate CO2 Emissions
8
Measure 1 More efficient use and planning of 8
airport capacities
Measure 2 Pre departure planning
8
Measure 3 Continuous Descent App & CCD
9
Measure 4 Awareness building among ATM staff 10
Measure 5 Aircraft related technology
11
development
Measure 6 Reduce engine taxi
11
Measure 7 Rerouting of Operational flight plans 11
(OFPs)
Measure 8 Operational flight plans OFPs fuel
12
Consumption Review
Conclusion
13
Appendix A (New Taxiways & Bays)
14
APPENDIX B (Mauritius Flight Information
15
Region)
APPENDIX C (ATC Brief)
16
APPENDIX D (General Mitigation Measures)
APPENDIX E (Description of Measures)
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
18
20-35
Page 3
Mauritius Action Plan onCO2Emission Reduction
1.
Point of Contact
Name of the
authority
Point of Contact
Address
Country
Province/City
Telephone Number
Fax Number
E-mail address
Name of the
authority
Point of Contact
Address
Country
Province/City
Telephone
Number
Fax Number
E-mail address
Name of the
authority
Department of Civil Aviation
Director of Civil Aviation(Focal Point)
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport
MAURITIUS
Plaine Magnien
230-6032000
230-6373164
[email protected]
Department of Civil Aviation – Air Traffic
Management
Divisional Head - ATM
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport
MAURITIUS
Plaine Magnien
230-6032000
230-6373164
[email protected]
Air Mauritius Ltd
Point of Contact
Address
Country
Province/City
Telephone
Number
Fax Number
E-mail address
Fuel Manager
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport
Mauritius
Plaine Magnien
230-6033521
Name of the
authority
Airports of Mauritius Co Ltd
Point of Contact
Address
Country
Province/City
Telephone
Number
Fax Number
E-mail address
230-6373190
[email protected]
Chief Executive officer
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport
Mauritius
Plaine Magnien
230-6036000
230-6379349
[email protected]
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 4
2.
Current State of aviation
Air transport plays a leading role in the economic and social
development of the country. Aviation is more or less the modern ‘navel
string’ to the rest of the world. Mauritius as a small island and does
not have much involvement in manufacture as well as research and
development.
While air travel supports Mauritian economy, trade and tourism, and
connects us to the world separated by great distances and vast ocean,
it also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Thus the Action Plan
expresses how the parties, in good faith, intend to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions from aviation activities.
Mauritius has evolved from a mono-crop sugar economy in the
seventies to a combination of textiles, sugar and tourism. Since then
services have taken a more prominent role through international
financial services, consolidation of tourism services and Freeport
activities. Mauritius is ranked first in Africa and 23rd globally in Ease
of Doing Business 2012 according to IFC/World bank survey.
Mauritius benefits from its strategically geographical position to act as
a bridge in between emerging economic giant of South East Asian
countries and Africa.
Mauritius has one international airport, Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
International Airport and one domestic airport, Sir Gaetan Duval
Airport, situated on an island about 350 km to the North-East of
Mauritius. We also have an airstrip at Agalega, another island
approximately 800 Km to the north of Mauritius. Though we are a
small country yet we have a very vast Flight Information Region. It
covers more than nine million square kilometers (9,000,000 Km2) and
the perimeter is about 12,260 Km. We have an average of sixty traffic
daily. We have also overflying traffic on the Australia-Africa and South
East Asia-Africa routes.
Annually we have about 25,000 commercial flights, 2,500 overflights,
3,000 Military and surveillance traffic, 12,000 local flights mostly
helicopters. As Tourism is one of the pillars of the economy the policy
of the government is to double the tourism capacity within the next
decade.
The main stakeholders are:
 The Department of Civil Aviation which is the regulatory body and
provider of air navigation services;
 Our National Carrier, Air Mauritius which is the only airline
operator in Mauritius; and
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 5
 Airports of Mauritius (AML)) the licensed aerodrome operator for Sir
Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport.
We have set an ambitious goal to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from both domestic and international operations, which
should contribute to the global efforts to minimize aviation’s carbon
footprint safeguarding our ominous environment.
In line with the broad international consensus, the Action Plan sets an
aspirational goal to improve fuel efficiency from a 2010 baseline by an
average annual rate of approximately 2 percent per year until 2020.
The Action Plan identifies three key measures that are expected to
have the greatest environmental impact:

Increase the fuel efficiency of the aircraft fleet of our national
carrier and its operations;

Improved Capabilities in Air Traffic Management: and

Modernise airport facilities introducing new taxiways, etc.
The Action Plan also highlights that these measures will benefit many
international airlines including the overflying trans-oceanic flights as
our FIR covers a very vast area where the benefits are really tangible.
The Action Plan is a living document and will be reviewed on a regular
basis through:

Annual reporting on the progress towards achievement of the
Action Plan’s fuel efficiency target;

A review of the Action Plan, that will occur in three years;

An audit that will occur at least once over; and

Semi-annual meetings between different stakeholders creating a
synergy.
Mauritius is using the ICAO International aviation segmenting method
in our action plan. Mauritius reports all international stages of its own
air carriers. Thus the plan excludes CO2 Emissions from domestic
flights and for all on-ground airport activities.
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 6
3.
Baseline/Fuel Statistics/CO2 Emission
Fuel statistics of National Airline (Air Mauritius)
Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Flight
Count
10,849
10,534
8,862
10,321
8,871
8,637
Trip Fuel
(Kg)
250,162,434
241,879,023
193,981,120
215,187,081
229,414,553
217,071,974
Intl con
I/RTK
248660486
240185095
192699132
213371764
228376910
218356170
827804000
789148000
664521000
783203284
785291569
937951106
CO2
Emission
745981458
720555285
578097396
673614659
720985905
689350428
Table 1: Fuel Statistics (2007-2012)
4.
Expected results
The expected result has been computed using Method 1 from the ICAO
Excel template, by extrapolating the baseline (2007-2012), applying
the assumption that the traffic growth forecast for National carrier is
4.5% (Air Mauritius projected growth) and that the intended mitigation
measures would aggregate to around 1% saving fuel annually.
Year
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2028
2029
2030
I/Fuel
218356170.0
225998636.0
233908588.2
242095388.8
250568727.4
259338632.9
268415485.0
277810027.0
287533377.9
297597046.2
308012942.8
318793395.8
329951164.6
341499455.4
353451936.3
365822754.1
378626550.5
391878479.8
T/Fuel
242545532.0
251034625.6
259820837.5
268914566.8
278326576.7
288068006.9
298150387.1
308585650.6
319386148.4
330564663.6
342134426.8
354109131.8
366502951.4
379330554.7
392607124.1
406348373.4
420570566.5
435290536.3
Intl CO2
689350428.7
713477693.7
738449413.0
764295142.4
791045472.4
818732063.9
847387686.2
877046255.2
907742874.1
939513874.7
972396860.3
1006430750.0
1041655827.0
1078113781.0
1115847763.0
1154902435.0
1195324020.0
1237160361.0
Total CO2
765716244
792516313
820254384
848963287
878677002
909430697
941260772
974204899
1008302071
1043592643
1080118386
1117922529
1157049818
1197546561
1239460691
1282841815
1327741278
1374212223
Forecast Intl RTK
937951106
980158905
1024266057
1070358029
1118524140
1168857727
1221456324
1276421859
1333860843
1393884581
1456609387
1522156809
1590653866
1662233289
1737033787
1815200308
1896884322
1982244116
Table 2: Expected Results (Based on a traffic growth forecast of
4.5%)
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 7
5.
Metric system used
Metric system used will be “Volume of fuel used per Revenue Tonne
Kilometres (RTK)” and the point of contact for this step is the Director of
Civil Aviation as in 1 above.
6.
Measures to mitigate CO2 Emissions
Measure 1 Improved air traffic management and infrastructure use
Title:
More efficient use and planning of airport capacities
Action:
Construction of a parallel taxiway and additional Taxiways
& commissioning of these TWYs.
Description:
When an aircraft lands, it had to roll to the end of
the runway then backtrack to exit via Taxiway C.
With the construction of a parallel taxiway and
additional taxiways, there is no need, for landing
aircraft, to proceed to the end of the runway and
backtrack. This reduces considerably the runway
occupancy time, thus decreasing:
•
•
holding time of aircraft in the air where
applicable; and
holding time of departing traffic. See Appendix A
Point of Contact:
AML/ATM DCA
Start date:
04 November 2011
Date of full implementation: 21 June 2013
Incremental improvements / benefits: As preceding aircraft will
vacate the runway without backtracking, the following traffic will be
cleared for approach within 7 minutes instead of 9 minutes.
Measure 2 Improved air traffic management and infrastructure use
Title:
Pre departure planning
Action:
Flow management involving adjacent TMA
Description: The route Mauritius/Reunion is the busiest sector within
our airspace and we face peak periods daily. Reunion is
about 120 nautical miles to the south west of Mauritius
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 8
and the flying time is approximately thirty minutes.
Reunion has two airports namely Gillot and Pierrefonds.
The traffic in between Gillot and Mauritius very often
conflicts with traffic from Europe, Asia and South Africa.
Most of the time those conflicting traffic are long distant
flights and thus are already in the air and their estimates
are available. So prior start up, for traffic to and from
Gillot, close coordination is carried out with the adjacent
station to provide the best slots and even departure time
to avoid conflicting with other traffic resulting in fuel
saving.
Developing a flow management in between these two adjacent TMA by
close coordination prior start-up should reduce considerably the
number of holding during peak periods. The departing aircraft are
cleared for start-up in relation to traffic configuration to avoid holding.
They are sequenced accordingly and this applies to arrival from Gillot
and departure to Gillot. So traffic are requested to hold on ground at
the departure station (e.g., in consultation with Gillot APP) if delays
are expected at destinations. For example traffic may be held on
ground at Gillot or Pierrefonds if terminal delay is expected in
Mauritius or vice versa. See APPENDIX B.
Pre departure planning also assists to reduce idle time of aircraft with
engines running on ground prior to departure with close coordination
with airport operator (AML) regarding parking plans and arrivals and
also to cater for any work in progress.
Point of Contact:
DCA - ATM
Start date:
24 May 2013
Date of full implementation:
On going
Incremental improvements / benefits: Proper coordination with
Gillot prior starting up will reduce taxi time for departing aircraft as
well as holding on ground and liaising with adjacent TMA for slots will
spare arrivals from holding.
Measure 3 Improved air traffic management and infrastructure use
Title:
Action:
Description:
Continuous Descent App & Continuous Climb
Departures
ATC brief issued. See APPENDIX C
ATC staff is being sensitised to improve en-route
operations by introducing collaborative decisionmaking.
Unnecessary
Climb
or
Descent
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 9
restrictions results in high fuel burn when
leveling off and restarting the climb or descent.
ATCs are strictly requested not to impose unnecessary
Climb or Descent restrictions. Again good traffic
planning and looking ahead will be of help. ATC are
also requested to effect coordination in a timely manner
to ensure that the Climb or Descent Profile is not
unnecessarily impeded.
Point of Contact
:
ATM
Start date
:
24 May 2013
Date of full implementation :
On going
Incremental improvements/benefits:
Optimise fuel
efficiency during climb and descent.
Measure 4
Improved air traffic management and infrastructure use
Title
:
Awareness building among ATM staff
Action
:
Issuing ATC brief and supplemented by
workshop with PowerPoint presentation. See APPENDIX C.
Description :
By issuing ATC brief and organising
workshop to sensitise the ATC personnel with respect to the
vision of ICAO regarding CO2 Emission Reduction will
improve the level of perception of ATM personnel. They may
feel part and parcel of such a project to contribute for the
benefits of the environment and mankind.
Point of Contact
:
ATM
Start date
:
05 May 2013
Date of full implementation :
On going
Incremental improvements / benefits:
Optimise
fuel
efficiency during all phases of flight (A gate to gate
approach) to provide optimum economic operations, while
at the same time meet agreed level of safety and is
environmentally sustainable.
Measure 5 Aircraft related technology development
Title:
Aircraft related technology development
Action: Upgrading avionics capabilities of fleet to meet
RNP 10 to fly direct routes. Regulations regarding
PBN and GNSS are in the process of
promulgation.
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 10
Description : ATR72 has been equipped to fly RNAV and
all pilots have been trained and certified.
Point of Contact: Air Mauritius
Start date:
February 2014
Date of full implementation: TBA
Incremental improvements / benefits:
flying direct routes instead of waypoints
Fuel saving by
Measure 6 Improved air traffic management
Title:
Reduce engine taxi
Action:
Introduction of Taxi In on one engine for the
ATR aircraft
Description: Air Mauritius has decided that, all ATR 72
aircraft will taxi in on one engine after
landing. This measure has already been
implemented by Air Mauritius since last year.
Point of Contact:
Air Mauritius
Start date:
2012
Date of full implementation:
2013
Incremental improvements / benefits
fuel consumption while taxiing
Measure 7
:
Reduce
Improved air traffic management
Title:
Rerouting of Operational flight plans (OFPs)
Action:
OFPs for long flights destination were revisited and
more optional routes retained.
Description:
OFPs for
optimized.
Point of Contact:
Start date:
London,
Paris
and
Johannesburg
Air Mauritius
2012
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 11
Date of full implementation: 2013
Incremental
improvements/benefits:
Optimising
fuel
consumption
Measure 8 Improved air traffic management
Title:
Operational
Review
Action:
Optimising fuel uploading to these destinations
Description:
flight
plans
OFPs
fuel
Consumption
Optimising OFP. OFPs to Paris and Hong Kong
have been re-calculated with current ICAO rules
with the collaboration of flight planning system
provider (SITA).
Point of Contact: Air Mauritius
Start date:
2012
Date of full implementation: 2013
Incremental improvements/benefits:
Optimise fuel
consumption.
All these measures mentioned above will contribute to the reduction of
carbon dioxide. See Appendix D/ Appendix E for general mitigation
measures and for more detailed description respectively.
Air Mauritius has also provided fuel statistics for the past six years including
RTK. See Table 1 on page 7.Air Mauritius projected growth for the next five
years has targeted 4-5% in seat capacity but is subjected to adaptations
based on evolution in economic/market conditions.
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 12
Conclusion
Based on existing statistics and assuming an aviation growth forecast for
the Republic of Mauritius of 4.5%, a fuel forecast up to 2030 has been
computed taking the base line as from 2007 to 2012 using the baseline
method 1 from the ICAO templates (Historical data).
Assuming the intended mitigation measures would aggregate to around 1 %
fuel saving annually we have extrapolated the baseline data to create an
expected output up to 2030.
The main stakeholders have realised the importance of this action plan and
the associated benefits and have decided that it should be an on-going
process to review our course of action through close collaboration and more
regular discussions to improve operation efficiency and need to identify
future projects such as extending Taxiway Y, renewal of fleets, improving
SIDs &STARs, re-engineering the airspace. Thus the preparation of the
action plan has resulted in a better synergy among stakeholders.
Table 3: Expected Output / CO2 Emission Reduction up to 2030
Year
International
Consumption
CO2 Emission
(Kg)
International
Consumption after
implementation
mitigation measures
CO2 Emission after
implementation
mitigation measures
Reduction in CO2
Emission (Kg)
2012
218356170.0
689350428.7
218356170.0
689350428.7
0
2013
228182197.7
720371198.0
225998636.0
713477693.7
6893504.28
2014
238450396.5
752787901.9
236168574.6
745584189.9
7203711.98
2015
249180664.4
786663357.5
246796160.4
779135478.5
7527879.019
2016
260393794.3
822063208.6
257901987.6
814196575
7866633.575
2017
272111515.0
859056052.9
269507577.1
850835420.9
8220632.086
2018
284356533.2
897713575.3
281635418.1
889123014.8
8590560.529
2019
297152577.2
938110686.2
294309011.9
929133550.5
8977135.753
2020
310524443.2
980325667.1
307552917.4
970944560.2
9381106.862
2021
324498043.1
1024440322
321392798.7
1014637065
9803256.671
2022
339100455.1
1070540137
335855474.6
1060295733
10244403.22
2023
354359975.5
1118714443
350968971.0
1108009041
10705401.37
2024
370306174.4
1169056593
366762574.7
1157869448
11187144.43
2025
386969952.3
1221664139
383266890.5
1209973573
11690565.93
2026
404383600.1
1276639026
400513900.6
1264422384
12216641.39
2027
422580862.1
1334087782
418537026.1
1321321392
12766390.26
2028
441597000.9
1394121732
437371192.3
1380780854
13340877.82
2029
461468866.0
1456857210
457052896.0
1442915993
13941217.32
2030
482234964.9
1522415784
477620276.3
1507847212
14568572.1
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 13
Appendix A (New Taxiways & Bays)
Introducing new taxiways D, E, F, G, H, Y and N thus
reducing runway occupancy
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 14
APPENDIX B (Mauritius Flight Information Region)
Mauritius Flight Information Region Showing Mauritius and Gillot
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 15
APPENDIX C (ATC Brief)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AVIATION
ALL ATM STAFF
B005/2013
FAX:
637 4574
WEF 24 May 2013
TEL:
603 2000
ATN:
FIMPZTZX
AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
BRIEFING
UFN
SITA: MRUXTYF
SUBJECT: ICAO States Action Plan CO2 Emission Reduction
The ICAO vision regarding CO2 Emission Reduction is to implement an Action Plan set to
improve fuel efficiency from a 2007-2012 baseline by an average annual rate of at least
two percent per year until 2020.
ATC attention is drawn to the fact that one Kg of fuel burn is approximately 3 Kg of CO2
emissions irrespective of the aircraft being in climb, descent, cruise, holding or with
engines running on ground.
Approximate amount of fuel burn and corresponding CO2 emission during ONE
HOLD
Type of Aircraft
ATR72
A319
A330/340
Fuel burn(L)
50
75
100
CO2Emission(Kg)
150
225
300
Cost(Rs)
2000
3000
4000
Key Measures identified by the ATM Division to achieve this objective
are:
1.
Direct Routing of Aircraft.
ATC are again reminded not to use non-standard arrival and
departure procedures where this may end up affecting the traffic
concerned or other traffic in the vicinity, hence causing unnecessary
delays to aircraft.
However departing aircraft having completed a right or left turn on a
SID may be cleared for direct routing on pilot’s request only and
traffic conditions permitting. In good weather conditions and non-
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 16
conflicting traffic situations arriving aircraft may be cleared to route
direct to a homing aid for precision or instrument approach or
visual approach (on pilot request only) provided traffic planning and
look ahead is efficiently effected by ATC. ATC to effect coordination
in good time and ascertain all read-back of clearances are correct.
2.
Continuous Descent or Climb Profile.
Unnecessary Climb or Descent restrictions results in high fuel burn
when leveling off and restarting the climb or descent.
3.
ATCs are strictly requested not to impose unnecessary Climb or
Descent restrictions. Again good traffic planning and look ahead will
be of help. ATC to also effect coordination in good time to ensure
that the Climb or Descent Profile is not unnecessarily affected.
Pre-Departure Planning
ATC pre-departure planning should be effected in a collaborative
decision making process (e.g., on-time coordination with appropriate
ATC Units or consultation with AML Airfield Operations when
necessary when W.I.P near movement area)to reduce idle time of
aircraft with engines running on ground prior to departure and to
hold traffic on ground at departure stations (e.g., in consultation
with Gillot APP) prior departure if delays expected at destinations,
for example traffic may be held on ground at FMEE or FMEP if
terminal delay is expected at FIMP or vice versa.
4.
Flex Tracking and User Preferred Routes and Levels.
En-route aircraft should be allowed to Flex Track and fly along their
preferred routes and levels in our airspace provided this course of
action does not affect other traffic flying in our FIR and adjacent
FIRs.
5.
Weather Advisories.
ATCs should keep themselves abreast of prevailing and forecasted
weather conditions so as to be able to provide accurate weather
advisories to aircraft. This will in turn prepare both pilot and
controller to plan for weather deviations, missed approach and
holding.
ATCs on an individual, personal and collective level can increase
their awareness and perception of the crucial issue of CO2 Emission
by reading more on the ICAO Website and other internet forums.
At this stage we would like to thank and congratulate ATCs for their
contribution to improve fuel efficiency for the benefits of the
environment and mankind.
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 17
Please keep up the efforts and bring your suggestions so that we
can make operations safer and more fuel efficient.
A.MOSAHEB
CO ATM (OPS)
APPENDIX D (General Mitigation Measures)
Mitigation Measures
A number of key initiatives have been put in place to:
1.
1.
Increase the fuel efficiency of the National aircraft carrier and its
operations;
2.
Improve the efficiency of air traffic management system; and
3.
Modernize airport facilities.
Airport of Mauritius Ltd AML (Airport Operator)
The airport operator (AML) have invested in the construction of 2.52
km long code F compliant Taxiway/Emergency Runway with Exit links
to turn pads 3 &4 and also introducing new Taxiways D, E, F, G, H, J
and Y with a view to minimize the Runway Occupancy Time and as cobenefits to improve air traffic management and infrastructure use.
Refer to APPENDIX A
2.
Air Traffic Management/Communication Navigation Surveillance
(ATM/CNS)
The following measures have also been implemented for more efficient
air navigation and ground maneuvering:
3.
(a)
New taxiways brought into operation. Runway occupancy times
for arrivals significantly reduced enabling reduced sequencing
for successive arrivals;
(b)
Proactive planning of departures to avoid excessive ground
holding with engines running; and
(c)
Introduction of continuous climb and Descent
Regulatory Division
Efforts are being made to sensitize the air traffic services personnel
with respect to the vision of ICAO regarding CO2 Emission Reduction
to achieve interoperable global air traffic management system for all
users during all phases of flight.ATC brief has been issued to create an
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 18
Awareness building. ATM personnel have been briefed on crucial
efficiency components such as:
1.
4.
2.
Taxiing
and
Runway
Efficiency(Pre-departure
tactical
management, surface movement optimization, Collaborative
Decision-making)
Reduce climb & descent restrictions (CDA & CCD)
3.
Efficient Route
4.
Accurate weather advisories
5.
Optimum altitude for jet aircraft
6.
Reduction of holdings (Better planning and be proactive)
National Carrier (Air Mauritius Ltd)
The National carrier (Air Mauritius) has also embarked on a very
ambitious project to improve operational Fuel efficiencies and thus
reduce CO2 Emissions. A Fuel Efficiency Gap Analysis (FEGA) has
been conducted by IATA. A fuel Manager has been appointed to look
into Fuel Efficiency procedures/processes.
In parallel Air Mauritius has started the implementation of a Fuel
Management Program (FMP) and the Fuel Management System was
chosen as the Data Analysis Tool to help the company to monitor Fuel
efficiency.
Besides the introduction of OSYS, other initiatives have been identified
with work in progress such as:
(a)
Aircraft-related technology development
•
•
(b)
ETOPS 240 minutes
Electronic flight bag
More efficient operations;
•
•
Engine wash
Reduce Engine Tax
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 19
APPENDIX E (Description of Measures)
1.
Description Measure 1
Title
Description
Category
More efficient use and planning of
airport capacities
With the introduction of new
TWYs, there is no need for landing
aircraft to proceed to the end of
the runway and backtrack. This
reduces considerably the runway
occupancy time and decrease in
holding time of aircraft.
Start date
Improved air traffic management and
infrastructure use
Measures to improve fuel efficient
departure and approach procedures
Construction of a parallel taxiway
and additional taxiways.
04/11/2011
Date of full implementation
21/06/2013
Measure
Action
Economic cost
Currency
Reference to existing legislation
If a new legislation is proposed
Compliance to the legislation
Voluntary
Mandatory
N/A
Assistance needed
Assistance needed ( you can select
more than one)
o Finance
o Technology
o Technical support
o Education
o Research
o Other
Currency for financial assistance
List of stakeholders involved
Airports of Mauritius
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 20
1.1
Incremental improvements / benefits for each measure
YEAR
Improvement in
Total Fuels
(Litres)
Improvement in
Total Fuels (%)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (Litres)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (%)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (%)
Improvement in
International
CO2 Emissions
(kg)
Improvement in
International
CO2 Emissions
(%)
Anticipated cobenefits
1.2
2013
200,000
0.2%
200,000
0.2%
Remarks
When an aircraft lands, it had to roll
to the end of the runway then
backtrack to exit via Taxiway C.
With the construction of a parallel
taxiway and additional taxiways,
there is no need, for landing aircraft,
to proceed to the end of the runway
and
backtrack.
This
reduces
considerably the runway occupancy
time, thus decreasing:
631400
0.2%
•
•
holding time of aircraft in the
air where applicable; and
holding time of departing
traffic.
631400
0.2%
Additional information
As preceding aircraft will vacate the runway without backtracking, the
following traffic will be cleared for approach within 7 minutes instead
of 9 minutes.
Please find attached document: Parallel Taxiway
1.3
Point of contact for this measure
CEO Airports of Mauritius
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 21
2.
Description Measure 2
Title
Pre departure planning
Description
Action
Pre departure planning assists to reduce
idle time of aircraft on ground as well as
reduce holding in the air with proper
sequencing of arrivals with respect to
departures.
Improved air traffic management and
infrastructure use
Measures to improve fuel efficient departure
and approach procedures
Flow management involving adjacent TMA
Start date
24/05/2013
Date of full implementation
On-going
Category
Measure
Economic cost
Currency
Reference to existing legislation
If a new legislation is proposed
Compliance to the legislation
Voluntary
Mandatory
N/A
VOLUNTARY
Assistance needed
Assistance needed ( you can select
more than one)
o Finance
o Technology
o Technical support
o Education
o Research
o Other
Currency for financial assistance
List of stakeholders involved
ATM staff
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 22
2.1
Incremental improvements / benefits for each measure
Year
Improvement in
Total Fuels (Litres)
Improvement in
Total Fuels (%)
Improvement in
International Fuels
(Litres)
Improvement in
International Fuels
(%)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
Total CO2 Emissions
(%)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (%)
Anticipated cobenefits
2.2
2013
100,000
0.1%
100,000
0.1%
315700
0.1%
315700
0.1%
Remarks
The route Mauritius/Reunion is the
busiest sector within our airspace
and we face peak periods daily.
Reunion is about 120 nautical miles
to the south west of Mauritius and
the flying time is approximately
thirty minutes. Reunion has two
airports
namely
Gillot
and
Pierrefonds. Developing a flow
management in between these two
adjacent TMA by close coordination
prior
start-up
should
reduce
considerably the number of holding
during peak periods. The departing
aircraft are cleared for start-up in
relation to traffic configuration to
avoid holding. They are sequenced
accordingly and this applies to
arrival from Gillot and departure to
Gillot. So traffic are requested to
hold on ground at the departure
station (e.g., in consultation with
Gillot APP) if delays are expected at
destinations.
Additional information
The traffic in between Gillot and Mauritius very often conflicts with
traffic from Europe, Asia and South Africa. Most of the time those
conflicting traffic are long distant flights and thus are already in the
air and their estimates are available. So prior start up, for traffic to
and from Gillot, close coordination is carried out with the adjacent
station to provide the best slots and even departure time to avoid
conflicting with other traffic resulting in fuel saving.
Pre-departure planning also assists to reduce idle time of aircraft with
engines running on ground prior to departure with close coordination
with airport operator (AML) regarding parking plans and arrivals and
also to cater for any work in progress.
2.3
Point of contact for this measure
Divisional Head ATM
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 23
3.
Description Measure 3
Title
Action
Continuous Descent Approach and
Continuous Climb Departures
ATC staff is being sensitized to
improve
en-route
operations
by
introducing collaborative decisionmaking.
Improved air traffic management and
infrastructure use
Measures to improve fuel efficient
departure and approach procedures
ATC brief issued to sensitize ATM STAFF
Start date
24/05/2013
Date of full implementation
On-going
Description
Category
Measure
Economic cost
Currency
Reference to existing legislation
If a new legislation is proposed
Compliance to the legislation
Voluntary
Mandatory
N/A
VOLUNTARY
Assistance needed
Assistance needed ( you can select
more than one)
o Finance
o Technology
o Technical support
o Education
o Research
o Other
Currency for financial assistance
List of stakeholders involved
ATM staff
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 24
3.1
Incremental improvements / benefits for each measure
.
YEAR
Improvement in
Total Fuels
(Litres)
Improvement in
Total Fuels (%)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (Litres)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (%)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (%)
Improvement in
International
CO2 Emissions
(kg)
Improvement in
International
CO2 Emissions
(%)
Anticipated cobenefits
3.2
2013
100,000
Remarks
Assuming that on average an A340 save
100kg of Fuel during a continuous descent,
information confirmed by airline operator.
0.1%
100,000
0.1%
And throughout the year if by improving enroute operation by introducing proactive
methods and collaborative decision making,
we assume that on a daily basis we can
aggregate it to an approximately saving of 300
kg.
315700
0.1%
315700
0.1%
Additional information
ATC staff is being sensitized to improve en-route operations by
introducing collaborative decision-making. Unnecessary Climb or
Descent restrictions results in high fuel burn when leveling off and
restarting the climb or descent.
ATCs are strictly requested not to impose unnecessary Climb or
Descent restrictions. Again good traffic planning and look ahead will
be of help. ATC are also requested to effect coordination in good
time to ensure that the Climb or Descent Profile is not unnecessarily
impeded.
3.3
Point of contact for this measure
Divisional Head ATM
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 25
4
Description Measure 4
Title
Awareness Building among ATC staff
Description
Issuing ATC brief and supplemented by
workshop with PowerPoint Presentation
Category
Improved air traffic management and
infrastructure use
More efficient ATM planning in every
stage of operation gate to gate
Measure
Action
ATC brief to inculcate a sense of
belonging to the ATC will improve the
level of perception of ATM personnel.
Supplemented by PowerPoint workshop.
Start date
24/05/2013
Date of full implementation
On-going
Economic cost
Currency
Reference to existing legislation
If a new legislation is proposed
Compliance to the legislation
Voluntary
Mandatory
N/A
Voluntary
Assistance needed
Assistance needed ( you can select
more than one)
o Finance
o Technology
o Technical support
o Education
o Research
o Other
Currency for financial assistance
List of stakeholders involved
ATM , regulatory and airline operator
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 26
4.1
Incremental improvements / benefits for each measure
YEAR
Improvement in
Total Fuels
(Litres)
Improvement in
Total Fuels (%)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (Litres)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (%)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (%)
Improvement in
International
CO2 Emissions
(kg)
Improvement in
International
CO2 Emissions
(%)
Anticipated cobenefits
4.2
2013
100000
0.1%
100000
Remarks
A programme of sensitisation of ATM staff will
enhance the perception of ATC regarding fuel
consumptions of fuel of different type of
aircraft during different phase of operation e.g.
holding on ground/air, during idle phase, and
also the amount of carbon emission during such
phases and their impact on the environment.
0.1%
315700
Such programme will embark ATC within the
action plan thus stimulating a sense of
belonging/responsibility. Such reactions will
result in more efficient operation during every
phase of flight.
0.1%
315700
0.1%
Additional information
By issuing ATC brief and organizing workshop to sensitize the ATC
personnel with respect to the vision of ICAO regarding CO2 Emission
Reduction will improve the level of perception of ATM personnel. They
may feel part and parcel of such a project to contribute for the benefits
of the environment and mankind.
4.3
Point of contact for this measure
Divisional Head ATM
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 27
5.
Description Measure 5
Title
Aircraft related technology development
Description
Upgrading avionics capabilities of fleet to
meet RNP 10 to fly direct routes.
Category
Aircraft related technology development
Measure
Avionics
Action
Start date
Upgrading of present fleet
Promulgation of regulations regarding PANS
and GNSS
February 2014
Date of full implementation
TBA
Economic cost
Currency
Reference to existing legislation
If a new legislation is proposed
Compliance to the legislation
Voluntary
Mandatory
N/A
Mandatory
Assistance needed
Assistance needed ( you can select
more than one)
o Finance
o Technology
o Technical support
o Education
o Research
o Other
Currency for financial assistance
List of stakeholders involved
Airline Operator and regulatory staff
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 28
5.1
Incremental improvements / benefits for each measure
YEAR
Improvement in
Total Fuels
(Litres)
Improvement in
Total Fuels (%)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (Litres)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (%)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (%)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (%)
Anticipated cobenefits
5.2
2013
100000
0.1%
Remarks
Assuming these technologies will enable
aircraft to fly more direct routes and also
optimise separation standards reducing delays
and holdings.
100000
0.1%
3157000
0.1%
315700
0.1%
Additional information
Upgrading avionics capabilities of fleet to meet RNP10 to fly direct
routes. Regulations regarding PANS and GNSS are in the process of
promulgation.
5.3
Point of contact for this measure
Fuel Manager, Air Mauritius Ltd
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 29
6.
Description Measure 6
Title
Reduce engine taxi
Description
Category
All ATR 72 aircraft will taxi on one engine
after landing.
More efficient operations
Measure
Improved ground operations
Action
Start date
All ATR 72 aircraft will taxi on one engine after
landing
2012
Date of full implementation
2013
Economic cost
Currency
Reference to existing legislation
If a new legislation is proposed
Compliance to the legislation
Voluntary
Mandatory
N/A
Voluntary
Assistance needed
Assistance needed ( you can select
more than one)
o Finance
o Technology
o Technical support
o Education
o Research
o Other
Currency for financial assistance
List of stakeholders involved
Pilot of national carrier
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 30
6.1
Incremental improvements / benefits for each measure
YEAR
Improvement in
Total Fuels
(Litres)
Improvement in
Total Fuels (%)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (Litres)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (%)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (%)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (%)
Anticipated cobenefits
6.2
2013
10,000
Remarks
Measure already implemented.
0.005
2,500
0.001
31570
0.005
8000
0.001
Additional information
Air Mauritius has decided that, all ATR 72 aircraft will taxi in on one
engine after landing. This measure has already been implemented by
Air Mauritius since last year.
6.3
Point of contact for this measure
Fleet Manager, Air Mauritius Ltd
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 31
7.
Description Measure 7
Title
Start date
Rerouting of Operational flight plans
(OFPs)
More efficient operations flying optimal
routes
Improved air traffic management and
infrastructure use
Measures to improve the use of optimal
routings,
OFPs for Paris, London and Johannesburg
flights were revisited and more optimal
routes retained.
2012
Date of full implementation
2013
Description
Category
Measure
Action
Economic cost
Currency
Reference to existing legislation
If a new legislation is proposed
Compliance to the legislation
Voluntary
Mandatory
N/A
Voluntary
Assistance needed
Assistance needed ( you can select
more than one)
o Finance
o Technology
o Technical support
o Education
o Research
o Other
Currency for financial assistance
List of stakeholders involved
Operation department/Pilot of national carrier
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 32
7.1
Incremental improvements / benefits for each measure
YEAR
Improvement in
Total Fuels
(Litres)
Improvement in
Total Fuels (%)
Improvement in
International Fuels
(Litres)
Improvement in
International Fuels
(%)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (%)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (%)
Anticipated cobenefits
2013
95,000
Remarks
Measure recently introduced.
0.035
95,000
0.035
300,000
0.035
300,000
0.035
7.2
Additional information
This measure to improve the use of optimal routings will be extended to other
destination.
7.3
Point of contact for this measure
Fleet Manager, Air Mauritius Ltd
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 33
8.
Description Measure 8
Title
Description
Operational flight plans OFPs fuel
Computation Review
Optimised OFP. OFPs to Paris and Hong
Kong have been re-calculated with current
ICAO rules with the collaboration of flight
planning system provider (SITA).
Category
More efficient operations
Measure
Improving load factors
Action
Start date
Optimisation of fuel Uploading to these
destination
2012
Date of full implementation
2013
Economic cost
Currency
Reference to existing legislation
If a new legislation is proposed
Compliance to the legislation
Voluntary
Voluntary
Mandatory
N/A
Assistance needed
Assistance needed ( you can select
more than one)
o Finance
o Technology
o Technical support
o Education
o Research
o Other
Currency for financial assistance
List of stakeholders involved
Pilot of national carrier/ flight planning
system provider (SITA)
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 34
8.1
Incremental improvements / benefits for each measure
YEAR
Improvement in
Total Fuels
(Litres)
Improvement in
Total Fuels (%)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (Litres)
Improvement in
International
Fuels (%)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
Total CO2
Emissions (%)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (kg)
Improvement in
International CO2
Emissions (%)
Anticipated cobenefits
2013
180000
Remarks
0.07
180000
0.07
568260
0.07
568260
0.07
8.2
Additional information
This measure of Optimisation of fuel uploading may be extended to other destination.
8.3
Point of contact for this measure
Fleet Manager, Air Mauritius Ltd
Mauritius Action Plan for CO2 Emission Reduction/ Department of Civil Aviation
Page 35