Steel
Types
Properties
Applications
Steel
Steel is not a specific product or metal.
It is essentially an alloy of iron & carbon in which
carbon content varies from 0.008% to2%.
It is thus a ferrous alloy which can be studied
primarily by referring to iron-iron carbide diagram.
The amount of carbon in steel has a remarkable
effect on the properties.
There are many different steels extensively used in
industries.
Types of Steels
On the basis of composition ,steels may be broadly
classified as:
1.Plain carbon steels
2.Alloy steels
1.Plain carbon steels
The primary constituents of plain carbon steel are
iron & carbon.
These steels are relatively low cost steels.
They are not deep hardenable.
Poor corrosion resistance.
Poor impact strength at low
temperature.
Classification of plain carbon steels:
1.Low carbon steels.
2.Medium carbon steels.
3.High carbon steels.
1.Low carbon steels:
Low carbon steels contain less than 0.3%carbon.
They are also called Mild steels.
Properties:
They possess good formability and excellent
weldability.
Application:
Their application
include nails, rivet, nuts,
bolts, ship-plates, wheel
hubs, cams, shafts,
pipelines.etc
2.Medium carbon steels:
Medium carbon steels contains 0.3% to 0.6% carbon.
Properties:
It should be noted that strength of these steels can be
improved only at the cost of ductility & toughness.
Applications:
Some typical applications of medium carbon steel
include gears, axels,levers,cams,bolts,sockets,cylinder
liners,hand tools.etc
3.High carbon steels:
High carbon steels contain carbon from 0.6% to 2%.
Properties:
They are the hardest & the strongest amongst plain
carbon steels but least ductile.
They have good wear resistance.
Applications:
The typical applications of High carbon steels
include lock washers,valve springs,cutting
tools,dies,hammers,tapes,milling cutters.
2.ALLOY STEELS:
The elements added are called alloying elements&
the steels thus produced are called alloy steels.
Properties:
Better resistance to wear & abration.
Higher hardenability&impact strength.
High resistance to grain growth.
Applications:
They are used for manufacturing
components subjected to static &
dynamic loads.
Classification of Alloy steels:
1.Low alloy steels:
up to 5% alloying elements.
2.Medium alloy steels:
Between 5% to 10% alloying elements.
3.High alloy steels:
More than 10% alloying elements.
Alloy Steels
Special application:
1.Structural steels:
They are used for structural members in
bridges,buildings,rail road,cars,etc.
2.Free cutting steels:
High Machinability and high qulity surface finish.
These steels are used where free machining is the
primary requirement.
3.Stainless steels:
They have excellent corrosion& oxidation
resistance.
They are high alloy steels.
4.High speed steels:
These steels are most suitable for manufacturing of
cutting tools which can be operated at high speeds.
5.Spring steels:
They are used either in cold rolled condition or
after heat treatment.
6.High sterength low alloy steels:
These are widely used in construction of
ships,bridges,automobiles body,etc.
7.Bearing steels:
These steels are used for spindles,cold forming
rolls&hardened machine parts.
8.Creep resisting steels:
These steels are used in thermal power
plants,pressure vessels,super heater tubes,etc.
9.Heat resisting steels:
Important application includes heating coils
in ovens &furnaces,jet engines.
10.Maraging steels:
They are used for low carbon steels.
11.Hadfield manganese steel:
They are used in excavating and crushing
machinery,as rail road crossing,etc.
12.weldable steels:
High strength weldable steels require high
resistance.these are obtained by addition of
copper & vanadiam.
13.Rail steels:
Good combination of strength & ductility
along with high impact.
14.Concrete reinforcing steel:
High tensile strength & high yeild point.
15.Silicone steel:
0.10%c,0.60%Mn,1%si.
16.Nickel steel:
It contain 0.35%c&3.5%Ni.
17.Chrome Nickel steel:
It contain 0.35%C,1.25%Ni,0.60%Cr.
18.Molybdenum steel:
It contain 0.35%C,&0.76%M.
Silicone steel
Molybdenum
steel
19.Chrome steel:
It contains 0.36%C,0.57%Cr.
20.Manganese steel:
It contains 1.6-1.9%Manganese,0.181.48%carbon,0.2-0.35%silicon,and 0.040%
sulphur and phosphorous.
TOOL STEEL
Properties:
Slight change of form during hardening.
Good toughness.
Good wear resistance.
Very good machinability.
Application:
Inexpensive taps,
drills,reamers,chasers.
Classification of tool steels :
1.W-High speed steel.
(0.7%c,4%Cr,1%V,)
2.Mo-High speed steel.
(0.8%C,4%Cr,1%V,1%w)
3.HighC,high Cr steel.
(1.5%C,12%Cr,1%Mo)
4.Air hardening steel.
(1%C,5%Cr,1%Mo)
5.Oil hardening steel.
(0.5%C,5%Cr,1.5%Ni,1%V)
6.Water hardening steel.
(0.6-1.4%C,0.25%V)
7.Hot work steel.
(0.4%C,3.25%Cr,0.4%V,0.25%Mo)
8.Shock resistance steel.
(0.5%C,1.5%Cr,2.5%w).
Video: Alloy steel flat bars
Video: Classification of Plain
carbon steels
Video Reference Links
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=st
eel+types+properties+and+applications
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0APtfb15tw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liu9OjnoZbc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dmLCcCOc0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9okBTLJV
Kc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l7JqonyoKA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnoVCGx01
Tk&list=PL9A090CB69EA83224
Thank you