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Unit 4 Gender Issues
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By Zhang Qi
Oct., 12, 2008
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Unit 4 Gender Issues
Learning Objectives
1. learn to consider gender issues in
social and cultural perspectives
2. enlarge vocabulary on sex/gender
3. practice skills of doing project work
in this area
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Part II Differences
between men and
women
• What is “man”?
• What is “woman”?
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Sex=Gender ?
• Sex refers to biological
differences: chromosomes,
hormone, profiles, internal
and external organs.
• Gender describes the
characteristics that a
society and culture
delineates as masculine
or feminine.
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• Sex differences therefore refer only to those differences
that can be attributed solely to biological difference.
(especially to the differences in organs)
• Gender features are socially or culturally defined.
Gender differences delineate those differences that exist
between men and women.
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• sex = biological differences between males and females
• Therefore: Sex=male / female
• Gender = socially defined differences between men and
women
• Therefore: gender=masculine / feminine
• Man=male sex + masculine role
• Woman= female sex + feminine role
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Part III News Item 1—
Differences between Men and Women
Pre-listening questions
• Gender stereotypes (A conventional, formulaic, and
oversimplified conception, opinion, or image)
• Men Vs Women.flv
• What is a typical man like?
• What is a typical woman like?
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Stereotyped personalities
• Aggressive, soft, assertive, modest, independent,
dependent, ambitious, gentle, considerate, strong, weak,
fussy, family-friendly, sensitive, sentimental, emotional,
rational, sloppy, tidy, risk-taking, risk-adverse
• What words would you consider to be masculine
characteristics? What words would you consider to be
feminine characteristics? State your reasons.
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3.News Report 1—The Difference Between Men
and Women.mpg
Please refer to P. 58-59
• Listening skill: predicting
• Listen to the news lead and predict the answers for the
following questions.
– Based on the first three sentences, why do people
love to pick on Harvard?
– What is the so-called “Harvard debate” probably
about?
– Do you think people will all agree on the president’s
suggestion?
– What will the anchor talk about in the report?
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Listen for details
Please refer to page 59
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Are better at visual-spatial activities
Physics and engineering
Are better at using and remembering words
Recognizing faces
Women raised children while men hunted
Is societal influences
Intrinsic aptitude
Would lead to more opportunities for women in science
and engineering
• Be looking for ways to teach girls
• Compensate for the advantages
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Post-listening questions
• Based on the news and your background knowledge,
what kinds of jobs do men usually take? What kinds of
jobs do women usually take?
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Different Brains: Different Abilities
• Women: social workers, paralegals律师的专职助手and
legal assistants, teachers, nurses, speech pathologists病
理学者, dental hygienists卫生学者, maids and
housekeeping cleaners, and childcare workers.
• Men: chief executives, firefighters, police and patrol巡逻
officers, electricians, dentists, and surgeons 外科医生,
scientists, political leaders.
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Can women do science?
The answer is YES
Please refer to page 64
• It has been proved by the two women who have taken
the top prizes at the Siemens company competition in
Math, science, and Technology. 5.News Report 3—Can
Women Do Science.mpg
• They have passion for science and girls are more
organized in their work, more conscientious and also
more open to constructive criticism.
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Conclusion
• What’s sex? What’s gender?
• Sex differences: biological difference. (especially to the
differences in organs) Gender features: social and
cultural differences.
• What’s a typical man like? What’s a typical woman like?
• What kinds of jobs do men usually take? What kinds of
jobs do women usually take?
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Homework
• Preview Section Three “Women at Work”
• Questions
Do you think women are discriminated against in the job
market? Why or why not?
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2nd period:
Women at work
1. Discrimination
2. The new power of Chinese women
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Lead in
• gender discrimination.flv
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Gender Discrimination in the job Market
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Please refer to page 55
Outright:直率地, 痛快地, 立刻地, 全部地
Underrate:低估, 看轻
Listen to the monologue
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Part III Career Women
• 1. Do you think there are jobs especially for
men?
• 2. Do you think there are jobs especially for
women?
• 3. Why is it hard for women to work their way
to top management?
• 4. What problems might top women have?
• 5. Can you list some examples of sex
discrimination based on your own
experiences or others’?
• 6. What can women do to succeed in society?
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News Report 2—The New Power of
Chinese Women
• Pre-listening questions:
– Do you know any great names of top women,
in politics or business world?
– Tell the story of your top woman and explain
why she can be on the top.
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Forbes: The World's 100 Most
Powerful Women
Chinese career women.doc
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• News: Please refer to page 61-62
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Make a speech:
sex discrimination on job market
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• "Male Preferred"
• "Male only," or "Male preferred" are the most frequent
words mentioned in the recruiting information on
newspaper or at job fairs. Some companies dare not
declare that they want male applicants only. However,
these companies will neither consider female applicants’
resumes nor contact them for an interview.
• Xiao Shen, a female graduate from a university in
Shenyang, had sent out many resumes, but got no
interview at all. A human resource manager confessed
that even the most incapable male employee would bring
less trouble than a female employee; therefore, his boss
insisted hiring males only.
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• Experts mentioned that it is female employees' right to
give birth to children. Therefore, companies should pay
reproduction and labor protection insurance for female
employees, which may cause an extra expenditure. The
employers who refuse to hire female employees are
actually trying to evade their social responsibility. The
loss caused by hiring female employees is just an
excuse for their lack of social responsibility.
• A survey conducted by Women's Federation of Shanghai
showed that female college graduates had to try harder
to find a job than male graduates. Among the 1000
respondents from 10 universities in Shanghai, 55.8
percent of the females admitted that they had
encountered gender discrimination
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Speech based on reading
• “…sex discrimination remains. Many of our female
schoolmates have experienced refusal of their resumes.
Many are forced to prepare for doctorate examinations, who
will call it “suspending the sentence” three more years. Last
year my female senior fellow pupil (in fact she is much
younger than me) encountered the obstacle though she
was excellent in all aspects. Luckily she was pretty, she
telephoned the unit when she got the information that they
wanted a male. She was accepted when she presented
herself in that unit, receiving the comments “we see you are
competent, so…”. ”
--from a postgraduate,ON THE JOB MARKET, GZ
MORNING POST
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On the Job Market
• Besides the traditional scenarios of visiting job
fairs and mailing out resumes, some female
college graduates have started attaching
revealing photographs to their resumes.
• Inclusion of an eye-grabbing photo of the
student clad in a school uniform, mini-skirt or
even a bikini is seen as a way to impress
prospective employers and boost the chances of
landing a job.
• Some female graduates also highlight their
dancing and singing skills and boast they are
heavy drinkers so as to prove themselves
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qualified for public relations posts.
中华人民共和国劳动法第二章
Chapter 2 Labour Law of the
People's Republic of China
• 第十三条 妇女享有与男子平等的就业权利。
在录用职工时，除国家规定的不适合妇女的工
种或者岗位外，不得以性别为由拒绝录用妇女
或者提高对妇女的录用标准。
• Article 13 Women shall enjoy equal rights as
men in employment. Sex shall not be used
as a pretext for excluding women from
employment during recruitment of workers
unless the types of work or posts for which
workers are being recruited are not suitable
for women according to State regulations.
Nor shall the standards of recruitment be
raised when it comes to women.
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From a report in Chinadaily
• A survey of the Chinese Association of
Female Entrepreneurs showed Chinese
female entrepreneurs work 17 hours a
day on average and 80 percent of them
sleep less than seven hours each day.
• In the wake of economic growth, the
number of female entrepreneurs is on
the rise. The majority of them are
college graduates and aged around 46.
Though they enjoy a brilliant career,
many face family crises.
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• Chen Lijuan, general manager of
Shanghai-based Gangde Decoration
Company, said, "people like to crown us
with the laurel of 'women of exceptional
ability or 'women of strong character'. In
fact, we sacrificed almost all our time for
rest and recreation, and even our health."
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• A Gender difference is a distinction of
biological and/or physiological
characteristics typically associated with
either males or females of a species in
general
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Gender stereotypes
• Risk taking
• In many situations, men are more prone to taking risks.[6] Careers of
men are often more dangerous because of this.
• Communication
• Deborah Tannen’s studies found these gender differences in
communication styles:[12]
• Men tend to talk more than women in public situations, but women
tend to talk more than men at home.
• Females are more inclined to face each other and make eye contact
when talking, while males are more likely to look away from each
other.
• Boys tend to jump from topic to topic, but girls tend to talk at length
about one topic.
• When listening, women make more noises such as “mm-hmm” and
“uh-huh”, while men are more likely to listen silently.
• Women are inclined to express agreement and support, while men are
more inclined to debate.
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