Name ___________________________________________________________________ Date _________
CHAPTER TEST: ENERGY, WORK & SIMPLE MACHINES
Multiple Choice
Choose the answer that best completes each statement.
____ 1. The ability to do work is called _____.
a. velocity
b. energy
c. conversion
d. friction
____ 2. Energy is measured in units called _____.
a. joules
b. pounds
c. meters
d. horsepower
____ 3. The energy associated with motion is called _____.
a. kinetic energy
b. elastic potential energy
c. gravitational potential energy
d. nuclear energy
____ 4. When you rub your hands together on a cold day, you use friction to convert
_____.
a. mechanical energy into thermal energy
b. thermal energy into nuclear energy
c. nuclear energy into electrical energy
d. electrical energy into electromagnetic energy
____ 5. The type of energy stored by fossil fuels such as coal is _____.
a. kinetic energy
b. mechanical energy
c. chemical potential energy
d. electromagnetic energy
____ 6. Which of the following has kinetic energy?
a. a rock poised for a fall
b. an archer’s bow that is drawn back
c. a rolling bowling ball
d. a car waiting at a red light
____ 7. Unlike kinetic energy, potential energy is _____.
a. energy of motion
b. stored
c. conserved
d. not measurable
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____ 8. Potential energy that depends on height is called _____.
a. kinetic energy
b. gravitational potential energy
c. elastic potential energy
d. mechanical energy
____ 9. How would you calculate an object’s mechanical energy?
a. add its kinetic and potential energies
b. multiply its kinetic and potential energies
c. subtract its kinetic energy from its potential energy
d. subtract its potential energy from its kinetic energy
____ 10. For work to be done on an object, _____.
a. some force need only be exerted on the object
b. the object must move some distance as a result of a force
c. the object must move, whether or not a force is exerted on it
d. the object must not move
____ 11. Which of these is an example of work being done on an object?
a. holding a heavy piece of wood at a construction site
b. trying to push a car that doesn’t move out of deep snow
c. pushing a child on a swing
d. holding a door shut on a windy day so it doesn’t blow open
____ 12. If you exert a force of 20 Newtons to push a desk 10 meters, how much work do
you do on the desk?
a. 200 joules
b. 30 joules
c. 10 joules
d. 100 joules
____ 13. What do machines do?
a. change the amount of force you exert or the distance over which
you exert the force
b. increase the amount of work that is done
c. decrease the amount of work that is done
d. eliminate friction
____ 14. Which of these is an example of a third-class lever?
a. scissors
b. pliers
c. fishing pole
d. nutcracker
____ 15. One example of a compound machine is a _____.
a. door
b. pliers
c. bicycle
d. shovel
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____ 16. Which body parts act as the fulcrums of levers?
a. muscles
b. bones
c. joints
d. tendons
____ 17. Which body parts are shaped like wedges?
a. muscles
b. tendons
c. incisors
d. bones in your legs
____ 18. Which of these could be considered an inclined plane wrapped around a
cylinder?
a. lever
b. screw
c. wheel and axle
d. pulley
____ 19. The fixed point that a lever pivots around is called the _____.
a. axle
b. pulley
c. gear
d. fulcrum
____ 20. In order to do work on an object, the force you exert must be _____.
a. the maximum amount of force you are able to exert
b. in the same direction as the object’s motion
c. in a direction opposite to Earth’s gravitational force
d. quick and deliberate
____ 21. Work equals force times _____.
a. energy
b. velocity
c. distance
d. mass
____ 22. When you raise or lower a flag on a flagpole, you are using a (an) _____.
a. wheel and axle
b. pulley
c. wedge
d. inclined plane
____ 23. Most of the machines in your body consist of bones and muscles and are called
_____.
a. wedges
b. levers
c. pulleys
d. compound machines
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Fill-in-the-blank
Complete each statement with the correct vocabulary term.
24. The __________________ energy of a book on a shelf is equal to the work done to
lift the book to the shelf.
25. A compressed spring has __________________ energy.
26. The force exerted by a machine is called the _________________ force.
27. The law of ______________________________ states that energy cannot be created
or destroyed.
28. Work is the transfer of ____________________ from one object to another.
29. As a pendulum swings, energy is continuously transformed between kinetic
energy and ____________________ energy.
30. A newton-meter is a measure of work also known as the ____________________.
31. The force applied to a machine is called the ____________________ force.
32. All machines have a(an)____________________ of less than 100%.
33. When you use a paint can opener to open a can of paint, you use the paint can
opener as a simple machine called a(an) ____________________.
34. A jar lid is an example of a simple machine called a (an) ____________________.
35. A ramp in a parking garage is an example of a simple machine called a(an)
____________________.
36. Power is equal to ____________________ divided by time.
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Interpreting Diagrams
Use the diagrams to answer each question.
37. Which letter represents the position at which the soccer ball has the greatest
potential energy? Explain.
38. Which letter represents the position at which the soccer ball has the greatest
kinetic energy? Explain.
39. Which letter represents the position at which the soccer ball has the least
potential energy? Explain.
40. Which letter represents the position at which the soccer ball has the least
kinetic energy? Explain.
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Essay
Choose TWO essays and answer using the space provided.
41. Describe the energy of a bowling ball as it rolls toward and hits a bowling pin.
42. Describe two energy conversions that take place when you warm a cup of cocoa
in a microwave oven.
43. Explain why wedges and screws are actually types of inclined planes.
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Essay 1
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Essay 2
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ANSWER KEY
CHAPTER TEST: Energy, Work & Simple Machines
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
B
A
A
A
C
C
B
B
A
B
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
B
D
B
C
B
B
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
gravitational potential
elastic potential
output
conservation of energy
energy
potential
joule
input
efficiency
lever
screw
inclined plane
work
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INTERPRETING DIAGRAMS
37. C. At this point, which is the highest point, all of the ball’s energy is
gravitational potential energy. The ball does not have kinetic energy because it
is not moving at this point.
38. E. As the ball falls from C to E, potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
The velocity of the ball increases as it falls, which means that the ball attains its
greatest velocity, and thus its greatest kinetic energy, at E.
39. E. The potential energy of the ball depends on its height. Since E is the lowest
point, the ball has the least amount of potential energy at this point.
40. C. Kinetic energy depends on the speed of the ball. As the ball rises from A to C,
it slows down until the point at which it changes direction and begins to fall.
ESSAY
41. Answers may vary. As the ball rolls, it has some energy. In other words, it has
the ability to do work and move the pin some distance. When it hits the
bowling pin, it does work on the pin. During this process, some energy is
transferred from the ball to the pin. After hitting the pin, the bowling ball has
less energy than before, so it slows down.
42. The microwave oven converts electrical energy to electromagnetic energy in
the form of microwaves. When the cocoa absorbs energy from the microwaves,
electromagnetic energy is converted to thermal energy, which causes the cocoa
to become warm.
43. A wedge is shaped like a double-inclined plane. A screw is an inclined plane
wrapped around a cylinder to form a spiral. Like an inclined plane, the wedge
and the screw multiply the input force by having it move a greater distance
along a sloping edge.
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