Module 15
Organizational Change,
Development,
and
Learning
Learning Objectives
1. Explain the phenomenon of organizational learning and its
underlying dimensions.
2. Describe the alternative organizational learning mechanisms.
3. Describe the relationship among organizational learning,
change, development, and effectiveness.
4. Define the field of organizational change and development
(OC&D).
5. Compare and contrast any two of the systemwide OC&D
interventions.
6. Describe the different types of change problems.
7. Explain some of the challenges that OC&D faces in the global
arena.
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Key Terms and Concepts
Action research
Continuous improvement
Eclectic planned change approach
Integrated learning mechanism
Intervention
Learning organization
Organizational change and
development (OC&D)
Organizational development (OD)
Organizational diagnosis
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Organizational learning
Organizational learning mechanism
Organizational memory
Parallel learning mechanism
Parallel learning structure
Planned change
Reengineering
Sociotechnical system (STS)
Total quality management (TQM)
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Module Outline
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Premodule Preparation
Introduction
Organizational Learning
Organizational Change and Development (OC&D)
Systemwide Approaches to Change and Development
Toward an Eclectic Planned Change Approach
Planned Change and Organizational Effectiveness
Organizational Change and Development in the International
Context
• Summary
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Premodule Preparation
Activity 15-1: Planned Change at General Electric
Objective:
To appreciate the complex process and the management of a planned
change program.
Case Study: The Transformation at General Electric
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New Culture, New Systems
The Work-Out Program–A Generic View
The Structure of the Work-Out Process
The Results of Work-Out
Managing Work-Out
Best Practices
Assignment (Written)
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Introduction
Focus on:
applied behavioral science approach
or
organizational development (OD) orientation
Total-system strategy:
- improving organizational effectiveness
- concerning both macro and micro aspects of change and development
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Organizational Learning
• Defining Learning Organizations and Organizational Learning
• Organizational Learning Mechanism
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Organizational Change and
Development (OC&D)
• Diagnosis
• Selection of Strategies
• Types of Interventions
- Target Group-Based Clustering
- Consequence-Based Clustering
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Organizational Change and
Development (OC&D)
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(Continued)
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Systemwide Approaches to
Change and Development
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The Sociotechnical System (STS) Approach
Total Quality Management
Reengineering
A Comparative Examination
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Systemwide Approaches to
Change and Development
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(Continued)
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Toward an Eclectic Planned Change
Approach
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Planned Change and
Organizational Effectiveness
Cumulative results of empirical investigations point toward
conclusion
that OC&D is successful strategy of planned change
Published research on OD evaluation:
(1) identified general problems and developed guidelines
(2) demonstrated methods for evaluating change efforts
(3) identified and resolved specific methodological issues
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Planned Change and
Organizational Effectiveness
(Continued)
OD literature survey (1948-1982) identified 65 studies recommending:
(1) goals and expected results of the intervention stated clearly
(2) intervention clearly defined and clearly described
(3) intervention demarcated from the outcomes
(4) why specific dependent variables were selected and how were they
measured
(5) adequately describe:
- experimental design utilized
- sequence of observations
- frequency and time span of measurement
- beginning and termination of the intervention
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Organizational Change and Development
in the International Context
Guidelines for adopting OC&D in different cultural contexts:
1. Evaluate the ranking of the dimensions of culture in the given situation.
2. Make a judgment as to which values are most deeply held and unlikely
to change.
3. Evaluate the “problem appropriate” interventions ranking on the
dimensions of culture.
4. Choose the intervention that would clash least with the most rigidly
held values.
5. Incorporate process modifications in the proposed intervention to fit
with the given cultural situation.
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Summary
Questions
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