Referencing
Article in
a Print
Journal
Citing in text
e.g. Kennedy (2009) suggests…
e.g. According to Kennedy's interpretation of research conducted by Bonwell and Eison in 1991, "Students learn more effectively
by actively analyzing, discussing and applying content in meaningful ways, rather than by passively absorbing information"
(Kennedy 2009, p.225).
Reference in list at the end of work
Author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of article. Title of journal, Volume number and (part number), Page
numbers of contribution.
Kennedy, R.R., 2009. The power of in-class debates. Active learning in higher education, 10 (3), 225-236.
If there are multiple authors, you must list all in the reference list at the end of your work e.g. Kennedy, R.R. and Smith, T., 2010.
Article in a
Print
Newspaper
Citing in text
e.g. In the Daily Telegraph, Aldrick (2011), discusses the CBI distributive trades survey which covers the first two
weeks of December.
e.g. According to a 2011 newspaper article, Asda's chief financial officer stated retailers "don't expect sales to
continue to grow into January" (Aldrick 2011, p.3).
If the article does not have a reporter's name, use the title of the paper.
Referencing in list at the end of work
Author's Surname, INITIALS., (or Newspaper Title), Year of publication. Title of article. Title of newspaper, Day
Month Year, Page number/s and column number (a, b, c etc.).
Aldrick, P., 2011. Christmas cheer for high street amid recession warning. The Daily Telegraph , 21 December 2011,
3.
Contribution
in an edited
print book
Citing in text
If you refer to a contributor in an edited source, you cite just the contributor, not the editor:
e.g. Crete is the largest Greek island and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean (Briassoulis
2004).
e.g. According to Briassoulis, in Crete since the 1960s, "tourism has become a leading economic
sector" (2004, p.48).
If there is more than one contributing author who wrote the chapter, cite the authors according to
guidance given in the three quick guides titled print book with one, two and three or more authors
(or see section 2.1.1., points v and vi, page 4 of the BU Guide to Citation and Referencing in the
Harvard Style).
e.g. (Smith et al. 2010).
Referencing in list at the end of work
Contributing author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of contribution. Followed by In :
Surname, INITIALS., of author or editor of publication followed by ed. or eds. if appropriate. (Year
of publication, if different to contribution). Title of book. Edition (if not the first edition) . Place of
publication: Publisher, Page number(s) of contribution.
Briassoulis, H., 2004. Crete: endowed by nature, privileged by geography, threatened by tourism?
In: Bramwell, B., ed. Coastal mass tourism: diversification and sustainable development in Southern
Europe. Clevedon: Channel View, 48-67.
If there is more than one contributing author who wrote the chapter, you must list all authors in
the reference list at the end of your work e.g. Smith, A., Jones, T. and Bloggs, J., 2010
Print book
with one
author
Citing in text
e.g. In a popular study Woods (1999) argued that we have to teach good practices...
Referencing in list at the end of work
Author’s Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Woods, P., 1999. Successful writing for qualitative researchers. London: Routledge.
In this example, you need to look on the back of the title page to find the date.
If the book is edited, for example if Peter Woods had edited this book, then the reference would read Woods, P., ed.
1999...
The use of 'ed.' or 'eds.' (for more than one) is used to represent the word 'editor'.
Print
book
with
two
authors
Citing in text
e.g. Brewerton and Millward (2001) have proposed that...
e.g. According to Brewerton and Millward (2001, p.10) "organization is the key to good research", indicating...
e.g. Organization is very important for producing good research (Brewerton and Millward 2001).
Referencing in list at the end of work
Author's Surname, INITIALS. and Author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of
publication: Publisher.
In this example, you will need to look on the back of the title page to find the year of publication.
Brewerton, P. and Millward, L., 2001. Organizational research methods: a guide for students and researchers. London: Sage.
Print
book
with
three
authors
Citing in text
If there are more than two authors the surname of the only first author should be given, followed by et al.
e.g. Administration costs amount to 20% of total costs in most projects (McNiff et al.1996)
e.g. McNiff et al. (1996, p.12) suggest that "adminstration costs amount to 20% of total costs in most projects".
Referencing in list at the end of work
All of the author's names should be listed in the references at the end of your work in the same order stated on the title
page. Insert 'and' before the last named author.
1st Author's Surname, INITIALS., 2nd Author's Surname, INITIALS. and final Author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of
publication. Title. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
McNiff, J., Lomax, P. and Whitehead, J., 1996. You and your action research project. London: Routledge.
Print
conference
paper
Citing in text
If you refer to a paper taken from a collection of conference papers (proceedings) you cite the contributor:
e.g. As Granger (1994) states, hackers are...
e.g. The 'hacker ethic' is "a belief that essentially all information should be open and available to anyone" (Granger 1994, p.7).
Referencing in list at the end of work
Contributing author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of contribution. Followed by In : Surname, INITIALS., of editor of proceedings (if applicable) followed
by ed. or eds. if relevant. Title of conference including place and date of conference. Place of publication: Publisher, Page numbers of contribution.
Granger, S., 1994. The hacker ethic. In: Kizza, J.M., ed. Ethics in the Computer Age, 11-13 November 1994 Tennessee. New York: ACM Press, 7-9.
If more than one contributing authors wrote the paper, you must list all authors in the reference list at the end of your work e.g. Granger, S. and Smith, T., 2000…
Citing in text
Article in an online journal
e.g. Kennedy (2009) suggests…
e.g. According to Kennedy's interpretation of research conducted by Bonwell and Eison in 1991, "Students learn more
effectively by actively analysing, discussing and applying content in meaningful ways, rather than by passively absorbing
information" (Kennedy 2009, p.225).
Referencing in list at the end of work
Author's Surname, INITIALS., Year. Title. Journal title [online], volume (issue), page numbers (if available).
Kennedy, R.R., 2009. The power of in-class debates. Active learning in higher education [online], 10 (3), 225-236.
If there are multiple authors, you must list all authors in the reference list at the end of your work e.g. Kennedy, R.R. and
Smith, T., 2010…
Article in an
online
newspaper or
magazine
Citing in text
e.g. Marks & Spencer are launching a new advertising campaign designed to celebrate women (Harrison 2013).
If no page numbers are given, as is the case with this example, a page number cannot be added if citing a direct quote:
e.g. Harrison (2013) reported an interview with Marks & Spencer's marketing director, Steven Sharp. He stated "We want to be taken seriously at the
moment. This is designed as a modern portraiture".
Referencing in list at the end of work
Author's Surname, INITIALS (or Newspaper/Magazine Title) Year of publication. Title of article. Title of newspaper [online], Day Month Year. Available from:
URL [Accessed date].
Harrison, N., 2013. Marks & Spencer hires Dame Helen Mirren to lead all-star ad campaign. Retail Week [online], 19 August 2013. Available from:
http://www.retail-week.com/in-business/marketing/marks-and-spencer-hires-dame-helen-mirren-to-lead-all-star-adcampaign/5052215.article?blocktitle=More-News-and-Insight&contentID=5271 [Accessed 20 August 2013].
Citing in text
E-book
e.g. A book titled 'Festival and Events Management' (Yeoman et al. 2004) suggests...
e.g. According to Yeoman et al. "An event location differs from an event venue" (2004, p.20).
Referencing in list at the end of work
Author's /Editor's Surname, INITIALS., Year. Title [online]. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of publication:
Publisher (if given).
Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J. Drummond, S. and McMahon-Beattie, U., eds. 2004. Festival and events
management: an international arts and culture perspective [online]. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
The use of 'ed.' or 'eds.' (for more than one) is used to represent the word 'editor'.
Online
report
Citing in text
e.g. According to a report on holiday property in the UK (Mintel 2013)…
Referencing in list at the end of work
Author, Year of publication. Title of report [online]. Place of publication:
Publisher. Report Number (where relevant).
Mintel, 2013. Holiday property –UK –May 2013 [online]. London: Mintel
Group.
Webpage
Citing in text
If no author or reporter's name is given (as in this case), then the author is the name of the organisation/company that has created
the web page. In this case it is BBC News Dorset:
e.g. The surf reef in Boscombe is a thriving natural habitat, attracting over one hundred species (BBC News Dorset 2011).
When quoting directly from a web page, you cannot put a page number:
e.g. BBC News Dorset (2011) reported that the Boscombe surf reef "was created to enhance waves using 55 giant sand-filled bags".
Referencing in list at the end of work
Author's /Editor's Surname, INITIALS., Year. Title of webpage [online]. Place of publication: Publisher (if given - check the website
e.g. 'About us' or 'Contact us' pages). Available from: URL [Accessed Date].
BBC News Dorset, 2011. Boscombe surf reef attracts '100 species' [online]. BBC News. Available from:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-15410048 [Accessed 19 August 2013].