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SmartCane Device
Self-learning User Manual
Manual Version 1.2
The SmartCane device is an outcome of a joint effort by Indian Institute of
Technology Delhi, Phoenix Medical Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai and
Saksham Trust, New Delhi. Many users and organizations working for the
people with visual impairment have contributed towards the development of
this device.
Doc No.: UM-7.2.3-34
Date of Issue: March, 2014
Manufactured by
Phoenix Medical Systems (P) Ltd
DP42, SIDCO Industrial Estate, Thirumudivakkam,
Chennai - 600 044 India
Phone: +91-44-2478 1705; Fax: +91-44-2478 2227
Toll Free No: 1800 425 3503
Distributed by
Saksham Trust
486 Double Storey, New Rajinder Nagar,
New Delhi – 110 060, India
Phone: +91-11-64650655, 42411015, 45793601
Technology developed by
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India
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Symbols and definitions
Device OFF position indication
Device ON position indication
Indoor mode indication
Outdoor mode indication
Serial number of the device
Details of the manufacturer of the device
Date of manufacturing of the device
Refer to instruction manual / booklet before use
Ingress Protection (Protected against solid
IP22
objects greater than 12.5 mm diameter and
against vertically falling drops up to 15 0 on
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either side of the vertical enclosure)
Temperature limitation for storage and
transportation
Humidity limitation for storage and
transportation
Atmospheric pressure limitation for storage and
transportation
Safe waste disposal of the device at the end of
its life
Warning: A warning calls attention to hazardous
or dangerous situations inherent to the cleaning,
operation and maintenance of the device which
may result in personal injury
Caution: A caution is to draw attention to a
procedure which, if not done correctly, can lead
to device damage
Indication of “CLASS II” equipment
Indication of “Type BF” applied part
European Conformity Mark
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Contents
1. Purpose of this manual ............................................................................ 6
2. Precautions for Independent Mobility with the SmartCane ....................... 6
3. Precautions in using the SmartCane device ............................................ 7
4. Warnings ................................................................................................. 8
5. What is SmartCane device? .................................................................. 10
6. Who can use the SmartCane device? .................................................... 10
7. Working principle of the SmartCane device ........................................... 11
8. The SmartCane device package ............................................................ 12
9. Exploring the SmartCane device............................................................ 13
10. Sensor orientation................................................................................ 18
11. Vibratory patterns ................................................................................ 18
12. Determining the battery charge status ................................................. 20
13. Low-battery warning signals ................................................................ 21
14. Charging .............................................................................................. 21
15. Vibrator and Sensor Failure Checks .................................................... 22
16. Detection of fast-approaching obstacles .............................................. 23
17. Folding and carrying the device ........................................................... 23
18. Replacing the white cane ..................................................................... 24
19. Learning mobility with SmartCane device ............................................ 25
20. Cleaning and preventive maintenance ................................................. 29
21. Repairs and Warranty .......................................................................... 29
22. SmartCane Users’ Experiences ........................................................... 30
23. Annexure A: Technical Specifications .................................................. 35
23.1 Physical Specifications .................................................................. 35
23.2 Environmental Specifications .......................................................... 35
23.3 Battery Specifications ..................................................................... 35
23.4 Charger Specifications .................................................................. 35
23.5 Detection Characteristics ................................................................ 36
23.6 Vibration Characteristics ................................................................ 36
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23.7 Standard Accessories .................................................................... 35
23.8 Service Life.................................................................................... 36
23.9 Others ........................................................................................... 36
24. Annexure B: Frequently Asked Questions ........................................... 37
25. Annexure C: Disposal Procedure ......................................................... 44
26. Annexure D: Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration ...................... 45
27. Annexure E: Contact Information ......................................................... 50
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1. Purpose of this manual
The purpose of this self-learning manual is to familiarize the user with, the
working principle and use of a mobility aid called SmartCane device. It is
mandatory for the SmartCane users to carefully read and understand the
contents of the manual before using the device. The contents of the manual
are available in Clear Print for low vision persons and in accessible Daisy
and Braille formats for visually impaired users.
2. Precautions for Independent Mobility with
the SmartCane
Using the device effectively in day to day mobility requires regular
practice and usage.
Always follow the white cane mobility techniques for detecting and
negotiating objects that are on the ground or below knee height and use the
vibration patterns for objects that are above your knee. Initially, you may
take time to synchronize between the two but after a few days of practice it
should come naturally to you.
The SmartCane device is capable of reliably detecting the obstacles that
come within the detection zone of the sensors. However, the detection of
obstacles in your path also depends on the white cane mobility technique.
Always tap your cane within your shoulder limit with the SmartCane sensors
pointing in front to ensure realiable detection of the obstacles in your way.
While using the device in crowded places, the short range mode is
recommended. This will reduce the detection range to 1.8 meter in front of
you. However, if you continue operating in the long range mode, the device
would continuously vibrate due to the numerous objects / people within 3
meters.
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There may be an initial adaptation phase while learning the use of the
device. During this time your walking speed might reduce slightly due to
increased focus on vibrations. However, with regular practice, you are likely
to get accustomed to these vibratory patterns and be able to walk at your
regular or increased speed.
The detection of fast moving obstacles is done within the range of 3
meters only. This feature is intended only as a cautionary alert and you may
not be able to fully move out of the way.
If there is a significant difference in the length of your old white cane and
the cane on which SmartCane device is mounted, then you may experience
some undue pain or discomfort in your wrist. In such a case, get the cane
replaced with a compatible white cane of appropriate length available from a
SmartCane distribution center. Please note that the replacement would be
subject to availability of an appropriate cane.
3. Precautions in using the SmartCane device
Important precautions for user of the SmartCane device:

The device is always to be used when it is properly fitted on a
compatible white cane. Follow standard white cane mobility techniques
which include tapping on left and right sides, and sweeping the cane tip
close to the ground.

The device should be used only after setting the sensor at a correct
angle. While holding the cane, the sensor direction must point towards
the chest of a person standing in front at a distance of 2 meters.

Before starting a journey, check if the device is charged. Please
ensure that the device is charged periodically every 2 -3 days. More
frequent charging may be required if the usage is more than 2.5 hours.
Once the battery is fully charged, the device is expected to function for at
least 8 hours under normal usage.
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
Please ensure proper functioning by placing your hand in front of the
sensors, thereby triggering pattern four vibrations. Set the MODE switch
correctly depending upon whether you are indoors or outdoors.

Please use the device only when the sensor is dry. If the sensor is
wet due to rain or water spillage, the device might temporarily stop
functioning, might permanently stop functioning or might function
inaccurately. As in the case of most cell phones, please do not expose
the device to water or wet environments. The device is “splash proof” and
can withstand light spillage or splashes of water or other liquids. Allow
the water in the sensor area to dry before checking and using the device.

Never submerge the device in water or liquid, this may cause
permanent damage to the device.

Do not short circuit the charging point as it can damage the device
and might lead to fire.

Avoid placing the SmartCane device fitted with white cane inclined
against a wall as the cane may slip and cause damage to the device.

Please fold the device along with the cane when not in use and tie it
using the elastic string.

The visually impaired USER is the intended OPERATOR.
The Smart Cane Device needs to be used in accordance with the
information provided in this manual.
4. Warnings
No modification of this equipment is allowed. In case repairs or servicing are
required, please contact the concerned service personnel.

Do not attempt to expose or remove the internal components of this
device (except for opening the grip to attach or detach the cane) as
this may expose you to risks arising from the electronic or mechanical
components.
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
Do not short circuit the charging point as it can damage the device
and might lead to fire.

Do not attempt to clean, service or conduct maintenance while the
device is charging.

Do not attempt to replace the battery yourself. If required please
contact the concerned service personnel.

Do not put this device in fire, as there could be an explosion hazard
due to the presence of the battery.
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5. What is SmartCane device?
SmartCane device is an electronic travel aid used in conjunction with a
normal white cane that assists a visually impaired person in mobility and
navigation.
While the normal white can only detect obstacles up to knee height, this
device is capable of detecting obstacles from knee to head height. In other
words, the SmartCane is not meant to replace the white cane but to
augment its functionality. It can detect obstacles up to 3 meters when used
outdoor and up to 1.8 meters when used indoor. With this increased range,
it warns the users about impending obstacles before possible collision
happens and helps in finding collision-free paths.
Smart cane device is not meant to replace white cane but to augment
its functionality.
6. Who can use the SmartCane device?
Any person with visual impairment who is a regular user of white cane for
his or her mobility needs can use this device. The device is recommended
for users with good white cane mobility technique. During the development
phase, the device has been used effectively by persons in the age group of
15 to 50 years.
Use of the SmartCane device is not recommended for people who are
not experienced to use the white cane. With adequate training people with
deaf-blindness too can use this device for their mobility needs. Use of this
device is not recommended in hilly areas and places of high drop-offs where
mobility without sighted assistance is considered to be risky.
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7. Working principle of the SmartCane device
The SmartCane device uses ultrasonic waves to detect presence of
obstacles. These are sound waves which are not audible to human beings.
The device has an ultrasonic sensor which can transmit as well as receive
the ultrasonic waves. In the presence of obstacles these waves get
reflected and the waves thus reflected from obstacles are detected by the
sensor of the device. If the obstacles from which waves are reflected lie
within certain direction and distance range, warning is issued to the user in
the form of vibrations similar to a cell phone.
It is necessary for the user to grip the device in a way that the sensor is
directed forward in the direction of upcoming obstacles. The SmartCane
device is fitted onto top fold of white cane and acts as a natural extension
to the white cane. It can be detached from white cane as and when it is
necessary and can be re-attached using a simple latching mechanism.
Figure 1 - Reflection of ultrasonic wave from a tree and indication of
the distance through vibrations.
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The benefits of using the SmartCane device are as follows:
 It helps to detect knee-above obstacles which are usually not detected
by the white cane. Such obstacles might include a tree branch,
underside of a car, hanging cloth strings, protruding window air
conditioners, etc. As these obstacles usually pose a risk of injury to
the head and upper part of the body, it is critical to detect them early.
 It increases the detection range to 3 meters in the long-range mode
and to 1.8 meters in the short-range mode. The enhanced detection
range helps in informing the user about the presence of obstacles
much before touching the actual obstacle. An object as big as wall
and as small as a 3 cm wide raised pipe at 3 m can be detected from
mentioned distance. This early detection helps in avoiding unwanted
collisions.
 It helps in finding collision free-paths while walking by detecting and
avoiding obstacles.
8. The SmartCane device package
This SmartCane device package contains the following:
 SmartCane device fitted on a regular white cane
 Power charger with a charging cord
 User manual in Clear Print for low-vision users and sighted assistance
 Quick start guide in braille
 Compact disc (CD) containing user manual in DAISY Format, e-Text (doc
and html) and Braille print ready format in various languages.
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9. Exploring the SmartCane device
Once you obtain the SmartCane device package, you can start exploring it
with the following steps:
 Sit comfortably and read the braille label on the top of the box. It briefly
explains about the device and its features.
 Search for “lift here to open” braille label provided on the front side of the
SmartCane box and then open it using both hands by keeping the box on
your lap or a table.
 Gently take out the device. You will find the SmartCane device mounted
on a folded white cane which is tied with an elastic string as is normally
done with a foldable white cane.
 Unfold the assembly by un-tightening the string and you are ready to
explore the device.
 You will find an elongated gripping portion in the form of a handle that
covers the top fold of the white cane which is your SmartCane device.
Try holding the device-mounted cane the same way as you usually hold
a white cane. It is held at the gripping portion of the handle which is
curved to suit different gripping styles. A grip at the handle helps the user
feel the vibrations that are generated whenever an obstacle is detected.
 As you grip and explore the device you can feel that it consists of front
and rear portions that can be distinguished using their differing textures.
The rear half of the grip is coarse in texture whereas the front half is
comparatively smoother. The elongated shape of the grip allows
comfortable gripping and tapping. The depression marks on the front side
help in maintaining a proper orientation of the device.
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Figure 2 – Components of SmartCane device

The white cane fits tightly between the front and rear halves of the
SmartCane device. The two halves can be opened or closed like a pencil
box whenever you want to attach or detach the device onto the white
cane. The two grip locks are present on the right side of the device. In
order to detach the device, the grip locks can be pressed simultaneously
to open the two halves of the device. In order to reattach, the white cane
should first be placed on one half of the device. Subsequently, the other
half should be pressed in order to close the two grip locks.

As you explore further, you will find a box like structure at the bottom
portion of the device. This is the sensor box which houses two circular
sensors, one to send out ultrasonic wave and the other to receive the
reflected waves. These sensors should always face in the direction of
your movement. You should try to feel the two circular protrusions on the
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front of the sensor box. Later, we will learn how to set the angle of the
sensor to make them face in the right direction.
Figure 3 – Side view (right side of the user) of the SmartCane device
 On the right side of the sensor box you will find the power ON- OFF
switch. It is used to switch the device ON and OFF. This switch is
surrounded by an embossed rounded rectangle which is open at one end
and has an embossed line coming out from this end. This shape
resembles the standard power symbol. You can turn ON the device by
sliding this switch in the forward direction to the position where this
embossed line is present. The device will give a few beeps and vibrations
signaling that power is turned ON. These beeps and vibrations convey
the battery status and their number depends on the battery level.
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Figure 4 - ON-OFF switch of the SmartCane device
 On exploring the sensor box further, you will see a small hole
representing the charging port on the lower left side of the sensor. The
charging of the device is similar to charging of any cell phone. Charging
can be done by connecting the plug of charger to power source and
inserting the pin in the charging port. This port has an additional cover
just like a camera shutter to avoid accidental exposure to water and dust
during usage. As a precaution keep this shutter closed when the charger
is not plugged.
Figure 5 - Charging slot and the mode switch
 On the upper left side of the sensor box and above the charging port, you
will find the mode selection switch. Its purpose is to select one of the two
modes of operation: the short range and the long range mode. In short
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range mode the detection range of the device is 1.8 meters whereas in
long range mode the detection range of the device is 3 meters. Generally,
in an indoor environment or in a crowded place, objects are usually close
to the user, whereas in an outdoor environment, obstacles are usually
encountered at a greater distance. Therefore, while moving in an open
environment the long range mode will be useful for detection. In a closed
environment, the short range mode will be more useful. It is important to
select the appropriate mode for optimal usage. For instance, if you are
navigating in an indoor environment with the device set in long range
mode, the device will vibrate continuously due to numerous nearby
obstacles. Similarly, if you are navigating outdoors and the device is set
on short range mode, then you will detect the presence of an obstacle
only upon coming closer than1.8 meters from the device. Embossed lines
of different lengths are present on both sides of the mode switch, with the
short line indicating the short range mode and the long line with a
horizontal bar at the far end indicating the long range mode. To select the
appropriate mode of operation, slide the mode switch in backward
direction to the position where this short line is present. To set the long
range mode, slide it in the forward direction to the position where this long
line with bar is present. Whenever you change the mode, the device will
give a small beep indicating that the mode button position has been
successfully changed.
Figure 6 – Short range and long range mode switch positions
with embossed symbols
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10. Sensor orientation
Before using the SmartCane device, it is necessary to adjust the orientation
of the sensor for right detection. As different people have different gripping
and holding styles, the ultrasonic sensor orientation will be different in each
case. For this purpose, a sensor angle adjustment mecahnism is provided in
the device. With this mechanism, three angle adjustments are possible. In
order to change the orientation of the sensor, gently press at the points near
the ends of the sensor to move them in any one of the two directions. When
standing in front of a person at a distance of 2 meters, the sensors must
always point towards the chest of the person standing in front of you. Every
time you start using the device, ensure that the sensors are pointing in the
direction of travel. The middle position is recommended for the average
height users, the top position for very tall users and the bottom position for
short height users.
Figure7- Three orientations of angle adjustment mechanism
11. Vibratory patterns
Whenever an obstacle is detected by the SmartCane device, the information
about its distance is conveyed through vibratory signals. Depending on the
distance of the detected obstacle, you will feel four different vibratory
patterns in the long range mode and three vibratory patterns in the short
range mode. There are only three vibratory patterns in the short range mode
as the detection range is reduced to 1.8 meters in comparison to 3 meters in
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the long range mode. The type of vibratory patterns felt on the device are
described next.
A single vibration pulse repeated approximately every second indicates that
the obstacle is farthest (2 to 3 meters) but within the detection limits. This
pattern is available only in the long range mode and is absent in the short
range mode. Two vibration pulses with a small gap repeated every second
after a pause indicate that the obstacle is in the range of 1 to 1.8 meters in
the short range mode and 1 to 2 meters in the long range mode. Vibration
pulses that are fast and repeating indicate that the obstacle is within the
range of half to 1 meter in both the modes. Finally, very fast repeating
pulses indicate that obstacle is very close and is at a distance of less than
half meter for both short and long range modes.
Vibratory pattern type
Pattern
Obstacle
number distance in
long range
Obstacle
distance in short
range mode
mode
Single vibration pulse
1
repeated every second after
2 meters to
Not present in this
3 meters
mode
1 meter to 2
1 meter to 1.8
meters
meters
a pause
Two vibrations separated by
2
a small gap repeated every
second after a pause
Fast repeating vibration
3
pulses with a small gap
Very fast repeating vibration
pulses with a small gap
4
Half meter to Half meter to 1
1 meter
meter
Less than
Less than half
half meter
meter
Table 1. Types of vibratory patterns and the corresponding distances
in both modes of operation
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12. Determining the battery charge status
You can easily determine the battery charge level by turning the device ON
in the long range mode. Immediately after turning ON it gives a specific
number of beeps and vibrations to indicate the battery charge level. Three
beeps with three vibrations indicate that the battery charge level is between
70% and 100%. Two beeps with two vibrations indicate that battery charge
lies between 30% and 70%. Finally, a single beep with single vibration
indicates that the battery is low and its charge level is less than 30%. It is
recommended to charge the device in low battery condition. If the device is
turned ON in short range mode then the same information is conveyed
through vibrations alone. The audio beeps are not present in the short range
mode to provide the user with the flexibility of turning it ON silently
whenever required.
Battery Charge
Device turned ON in
Device turned ON in
level
long range mode
short range mode
Full: 70% to 100%
Three beeps with three Three vibrations
vibrations
Medium: 30% to
Two beeps with two
70%
vibrations
Two vibrations
Low: less than 30% Single beep with single Single vibration
vibration
Table 2. Different beep and vibration patterns to convey the battery
charge level after turning the SmartCane device ON
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13. Low-battery warning signals
If battery charge level goes below 30% while using the device, it will
continue to function normally. The device will indicate the low-battery
condition by producing short beeps repeating every minute. In this condition,
charge the device immediately. However, if the device is continued to be
used without charging, the battery is likely to go into a deep discharge state.
Before reaching this condition, four short beeps with four vibrations will be
generated and the device will enter the sleep mode and stop functioning.
However, after re-charging the battery, the device will resume normal
functioning.
It is recommended that the battery is charged before reaching the deep
discharge state.
14. Charging
The SmartCane device has a re-chargeable battery similar to the one used
in mobile phones. The battery can be charged using the charger provided in
the package.
Once the device is fully charged, then it can be used continuously for at
least 8 hours even if it is vibrating continuously. In order to charge the
battery, one should connect the charger provided with the device to the
charging port in the similar manner as one charges the mobile phone.
The device requires 4 hours to be fully charged from a completely
discharged state. While getting charged from a fully discharged state, it
takes an hour to reach a 50% charge level, two hours to reach a 90% level
and approximately 4 hours to get fully charged. If the device is ON and the
charger is connected, the device will enter the charging mode, stop the
obstacle detection and would subsequently start giving two beeps that
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repeat every 60 seconds. However, the absence of beeps in such a
scenario indicates that the power source is not properly connected. Once
the battery is fully charged and the charger is still connected, the device will
start producing a long beep indicating that the charging process has
completed.
The above beeps can be turned off by simply charging the device in OFF
mode. You can always remove the charger and turn the device ON to
determine the battery charge level through battery status signals
Always use the charger provided with the device. The charger has the
shape similar to a regular mobile phone charger and is placed in the
packaging box adjacent to the device.
15. Vibrator and Sensor Failure Checks
The SmartCane device uses ultrasonic sensors to detect the various objects
coming in the path of the user and conveys the distance of the obstacle
using vibratory patterns produced by a vibrator. The ultrasonic sensors and
the vibrator are critical to the proper functioning of the device. In the unlikely
event of either of them failing, the SmartCane device would inform the user
about the failure using the following alert signals:
 Sensor failure: Long beep with vibration repeated every second.
 Vibrator failure: Long beep followed by two short beeps repeated
every second.
The beep patterns will persist till the device is ON. In this case, the user
should turn OFF the device, detach it from the white cane and contact
service personnel for repair.
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16. Detection of fast-approaching obstacles
While operating, if the SmartCane device encounters fast approaching
objects such as a car, bus, cycle or a fast walking person in its detection
range, it will produce a continuous beep as long as this object remains
within the detection range. Since the obstacle is only detected within a
range of 3 meters, the warning beep may only allow the user to take a
sudden protective or reflex action.
Several users have mentioned that this feature may be beneficial as it
prevents sudden collisions with fast approaching obstacles without warning.
However, this feature is implemented as a cautionary feature and you may
not be able to take corrective action due to very limited reaction time which
in turn is dependent on the speed of approaching objects.
17. Folding and carrying the device
The SmartCane device mounted on the white cane can be folded in a
Figure 8 - Folding and strapping the SmartCane assembly
similar way as one folds the normal white cane. The sideways string on the
white cane emerges out from a small cut near the middle part of the device
grip. This can be used for strapping the folded cane with the device when
required.
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18. Replacing the white cane
In case the white cane provided with the device gets damaged during use,
then one can easily remove the cane from the device and replace it with
similar compatible white cane available at the local purchase centers.
The procedure to remove the cane from the SmartCane device is as follows.
The first step involves locating the two buttons to unlock the two grip halves
of the device. When the SmartCane device is held normally with sensors
pointing away from the body, these can be felt as two buttons on the right
side cross-section of the grip. When these are pressed simultaneously or
one-by-one, then the grip portion opens up as two halves. This mechanism
Figure 9 - Opening of the two grip halves of the SmartCane device to
replace the White cane
is similar to the opening of a pencil box. There are guiding embossed lines
present near both the buttons for easy identification. Once the grip halves
have been opened, the damaged old white cane can be gently lifted out
from the grip.
To attach the device on the compatible white cane, place the white cane in
the opened device grip such that its top bulb sits properly in the cavity
provided in the device grip and the elastic strip (used for folding) emerges
out from the small cut near the middle part of the device grip. Once the cane
is properly placed, one can fold the second half and press against the first
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half of the device grip. You can hear a click sound on proper locking of
buttons indicating the correct operation.
If white cane placement is not done properly and string does not come
out from the correct position then the forced grip closing (attachment
process) may result in breakage of grip joints.
19. Learning mobility with SmartCane device
 Step 1: Holding the device and positioning sensors correctly
Hold the SmartCane device mounted on the white cane, in the same way
as you hold your regular white cane. Check that the sensors are oriented
properly, facing towards the chest of the other person standing in front of
you at a distance of approximately 2 meters.
The sensors must be facing in the direction of movement. Incorrect
sensor direction may lead to objects in your path not getting detected. If
the sensors are facing extreme left/right while walking forward, then the
device may keep vibrating due to the detection of objects on sides or
even your own body (sensors incorrectly facing downwards). Ensure that
the device does not rotate in hand while walking.
 Step 2: Following the white cane mobility techniques
Follow the basic white cane mobility techniques such as regular cane
tapping, shore lining etc. The SmartCane device is an enhancement to
white cane and is meant to provide additional information about kneeabove objects only. The white cane technique is necessary for getting
ground information.
 Step 3: Understanding the vibration patterns and the
corresponding distance of obstacles/objects
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After turning ON, the SmartCane device produces a few beeps and
vibrations conveying the battery status. It will start vibrating if there is
anything present in front of it within a distance of 3 meters in the long
range mode and 1.8 meters in the short range mode. However, the nature
and the intensity of vibrations will vary according to the distance of that
object from the device.
To learn how these vibration patterns change with distance, move to a
place where there are no objects within a distance of 3 meters around
you. If you are practicing along with a companion (a trainer, friend or a
family member) ask the person to stand at a distance of 3 meters away
from you. This exercise can also be carried out by standing away at a
distance of more than 3 meters from a wall.
Turn ON the device in the long range mode and request your companion
to speak something so that you can slowly start moving towards the
person. Initially, no vibrations will be perceptible, however, as soon as
your distance becomes 3 meters, you will feel the first vibration pattern.
Now, take couple of foot-steps towards the person. Now, the vibration
pattern will change to the second once your distance becomes 2 meters.
Again, take few more steps and the vibration pattern will change to the
third type when your distance to the person becomes 1 meter. Finally,
take another step and the vibration pattern will change to fourth type
indicating that your distance is 0.5 meter. Each time the pattern changes,
wait and imbibe the vibration pattern for few seconds.
After completing the above exercise, please return to the start position
repeat the exercise a few times. Once you start getting the first vibration
pattern, just stop and change the mode button to short range mode, the
first vibration pattern will stop immediately as the detection range in this
mode is only up to 1.8 meter in front of you. Again continue to walk slowly
you will start getting the second vibration pattern at 1.8 meters instead of
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2 meters. The remaining two vibratory patterns are same and will be
produced as you move closer.
Wearing hand gloves while gripping the device may reduce the
perception of vibratory output. Hence, ensure that vibrations are
adequately perceived before use.
 Step 4: Using the vibration patterns for obstacle avoidance and
path finding
The SmartCane device detects the presence of obstacles and indicates
the distance through distinct vibration patterns. These indications can be
used to negotiate the obstacle from a safe distance. This is done by
observing the type of vibration pattern felt on the device. Each vibration
type is associated with a distinct zone related to the distance of the
detected obstacle. As described next, the zones are classified according
to the action to be taken.
Awareness Zone – If the first vibration pattern is being felt, it implies that
that there is some obstacle at a distance of 3 meters i.e. at least 6-7 steps
away. It may not directly come in your path. In this case, continue walking
confidently without taking any corrective action.
Action Zone – While walking, if the vibration pattern changes to second
then it means that the obstacle is now within a distance of 1 to 2 meters
from you and there is a high probability that it will obstruct your path. This
is the point where you should start moving left or right to search for an
obstacle free path (where either there are no vibrations or at least lesser
vibrations) and try to negotiate and avoid the obstacle from a safe
distance without making any contact with it.
Danger Zone – If the vibration pattern changes to third then it means that
the obstacle is within a distance of 0.5 to 1 meter from the user. By this
time the cane should collide with the obstacle. If the cane is still not
27
making contact with anything but the device is vibrating in pattern three
then these surely indicate the presence of an overhanging obstacle. At
this point you should continue finding the free path and also take upper
hand/arm protection to avoid any injury.
Stop Zone – If vibration pattern is fourth then it means that the obstacle is
at a distance of less than half a meter. You should stop immediately to
avoid collision and may take a few steps back and continue finding the
free path. If you don’t stop at this point then it is possible for the obstacle
to move out of the view of SmartCane sensors. In this case, the device
will stop vibrating and you may interpret this as an absence of obstacle
which in turn may result in serious injury.
 Step 5: Using the SmartCane device in known environments
Based on the techniques learnt above, start using the SmartCane device
in known environments. Try to detect obstacles such as tables, chairs and
try to negotiate them without making any physical contact. Identify
someone among your friends or family members to help you train
appropriately. The person should be asked to come in your path silently
as you walk along with the device. Safely detect and negotiate him/her
without making any contact with your cane. Once you have learnt
negotiating simple objects and people, practice the detection and
avoidance of overhanging objects by requesting the identified person to
bring in their arm silently in front of you from left or right side while you are
walking with your device. Keep practicing until you successfully learn to
avoid simple objects, people and overhanging objects. After that, start
moving out with the SmartCane device on known outdoor paths for
practicing detection and negotiation of real obstacles like parked vehicles,
overhanging tree branches, pillars, etc. After a few days of practice on
these known routes start moving out on unknown routes also.
28
20. Cleaning
Clean the exterior of the SmartCane device with dry cloth. Do not use any
solvents to clean the electrical parts or plastic enclosure as it may lead to
device damage and improper operation.
21. Repairs and Warranty
For any repairs, the customer is required to send the device to the point of
sale or to the following address: Phoenix Medical Systems (P) Ltd, DP42,
SIDCO Industrial Estate, Thirumudivakkam, Chennai – 600 044. All
associated expenses would be borne by the customer.
The warranty applies to SmartCane device purchased from an authorized
channel partner by the original purchaser for normal use and not for resale.
The warranty lasts for twelve months from the date of purchase. A valid
proof of purchase may be required to prove eligibility. If you do not have a
valid proof of purchase, the warranty period will be calculated from the date
of sale from Phoenix to the authorized channel partner. The warranty
applies only to the SmartCane device and does not apply to the white cane.
The white cane is procured from third party vendors who may not provide
warranty for the same.
The warranty period will not be extended or renewed or otherwise affected
due to subsequent resale, repair or replacement of the SmartCane device.
However, repaired parts will be warranted for the remainder of the original
warranty period or for 30 days from the date of repair, whichever is longer.
The warranty lasts for twelve months from the date of purchase.
29
22. User Experience
A large number of users have participated in the development of the
SmartCane device. They find the device effective in detecting knee-above
obstacles like the underside of parked vehicles, overhanging and protruding
objects like tree branches, air conditioners, open window panes, banner
posts etc. The most common objects detected by SmartCane users while
using the device in a familiar environments are listed in the following table:
 Parked vehicles- bikes,
 Protruding AC, coolers
scooters, auto rickshaws,
 Railings and horizontal bars
cars etc
 Cloth drying ropes and
 Underside of luggage
carriers, trucks, buses etc
 Tree trunk and branches
 Street animals like cow etc
 People- walking as well as
standing
strings
 Electric poles and low
hanging wires
 Hanging banners, hoardings,
sign boards
 Tables and chairs
 Gates and glass doors
 Dustbins
 Open windows panes
 Big flower pots or plants
They also find the device helpful in improving their dignity and self- respect
by often helping them avoid socially awkward situations. The device has
been used by these users in a number of scenarios and its usage has
benefitted them in following ways:
Collision and Injury Prevention:
Satguru Rathi from Delhi says: “The SmartCane device is very beneficial. It
protects me from a lot of upper body injuries which I earlier used to
encounter on a daily basis while using the regular White cane.”
30
Khalid from J&K shares: "Now there is a lot of relief, with SmartCane we can
detect objects from a safer distance and prevent ourselves from getting
injured. Now, I am able to detect a lot of obstacles on pavements of this city
like tree branches etc. Due to the vibratory responses from the device, now
we are able to feel the presence of other objects in the surrounding. Earlier
we walked with the fear of getting injured especially in the eye or head."
Ketan from Ahmedabad says: "It is a very useful device because earlier with
a regular cane, I quite often collided with vehicles like truck, tractor or bus.
This was because my cane would pass beneath these big vehicles and I
would collide abruptly. I have got injuries on my forehead due to such
incidents. With this device I get a pre-warning of such dangerous obstacles
through vibrations. This also helps me in detecting street animals such as a
cow.”
Increased safety:
A user from Ahmedabad said: “With the use of this device, we get to know
about any raised obstacle coming in our way and hence we change
direction and walk uninterrupted.”
Ketan from Ahmedabad says, "Since the time I have started using Smart
cane I am not getting injured anymore. My safety in travel has increased a
great deal.”
Improved confidence:
A 15 year old girl from Delhi says: “When I have the SmartCane in hand, I
feel confident, it feels that I can walk alone without anybody’s help.”
Another person from Delhi says: “It builds confidence. Now we no more get
into any embarrassing situation by bumping into people while walking.”
Manju from Mumbai shares a similar incidence: “My initial experience with
the white cane was like gosh! And now with Smart cane it’s like wow. I walk
31
faster and I am more confident now. Just one word for the device, it’s
wonderful.”
Khalid from J&K shares: “Earlier, I was apprehensive of colliding with any
waist-above obstacles and feared of bumping into people. But now with
timely vibratory responses from SmartCane, I get to know about the
presence of any object or person from a distance. My stick does not bang
with any one and it feels good.”
Increased participation and inclusion:
People also shared that dependency on others has greatly reduced. The
device has enhanced their self-esteem. Owing to which they now freely
participate in community and other formal gatherings.
Indirani from Mumbai says: “It feels great to be able to move around alone. I
no more take help from people to move around. I now enjoy being all by
myself. Family and friends now have the confidence in me that I can travel
independently without getting hurt or injured.”
Increase in regular walking speed:
A university student Deepak from Mumbai says: "My walking speed has
increased. Whenever there is an object on my path I walk cautiously by
estimating the distance through the vibratory responses from the device.
And when there are no vibratory responses I walk faster and confidently.”
Amit and Satguru from Delhi say: “ Our travel time to work has decreased
with the use of this device. We walk faster now.”
Detecting and finding passage between people:
Indirani from Mumbai says: “I have very limited vision and can perceive
things only during the day time. I face major mobility issues when it gets
dark. I had quite often collided with people who would be standing quietly on
32
pavements and bus stops. But since the time I am using this device, I detect
people standing in my path. Now, so many times it happens that upon
detecting people I instantly say ‘excuse me’ and move with grace. This
leaves them in total amazement.”
Ramana from Bangalore says: “The device allows me to detect and find
path particularly when people are standing in a group.”
Moving in a park:
A 17 year old Prachi from Delhi says: “I am enjoying using the device. Now I
am able to walk in parks as the SmartCane device is able to inform me
about the benches and the tree branches which were impossible to detect
earlier with the white cane.”
Queue following:
Dipendra Manocha from Delhi says: “I am able to maintain a regular
distance from the person in front of me in the queue and know when I have
to move forward when the vibration pattern changes. I am able to avoid
poking the person in front of me with my cane.”
Similarly, Sam Taraporevala from Mumbai shares that, “Apart from being
extremely helpful in detecting obstacles ahead, the device is fun to use. I
walk with my friends while chatting with them. I do not hold their hands to
maintain pace. I simply switch my device on and follow the vibratory
patterns to walk behind them by easily maintaining an arm distance.”
Gate finding:
Satguru from Delhi shares: “At my office, I have to locate the door to my
cabin every morning. The door is open most of the times however a person
with visual impairment like me needs to trail along the wall to reach to the
door. I use the SmartCane device to find the door. The device stops
33
vibrating upon reaching the open door and I very easily enter through it
without making any contact with the door or the wall.”
Detection of glass panes:
Jyoti from Mumbai says: “I have very limited vision. Earlier, I had trouble in
detecting glass doors in shopping malls. I would often collide which led to a
lot of embarrassment. With the Smart cane I successfully detect glass doors
and prevent from such awkward instances.”
Fast approaching obstacle detection:
Pranav from Delhi shares: “It is nice to have a device which gives you that
extra bit of information even though it is just a probability. One day I was
standing with the SmartCane waiting for my car to come. The collision alarm
triggered while the driver drove past me. I immediately got to know that he
came close and there was something to watch out for.”
34
23. Annexure A: Technical Specifications
23.1 Physical Specifications
Dimensions (H x W x D)
Grip Height
Maximum Grip Diameter
Sensor-angle Settings
Device Weight with Battery
White Cane Diameter Range
SmartCane Material
Electrical Protection
: (240 x 53 x 32) mm
: 190 mm
: 32.5 mm
: 3 Settings (0°, 17.8° and 35.6°)
: 136 grams
: 12.8 mm to 13.04 mm
: Polycarbonate
: Class II
Type BF
23.2 Environmental Specifications
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Relative Humidity Range
Storage Humidity Range
Barometric Pressure Range
Storage Pressure Range
Ingress protection
: -10° to +50° C
: -25° to +70° C
: 15% to 93% (RH)
: 0% to 95% (RH)
: 700 to 1060 hPa
: 500 to 1060 hPa
: IP22
23.3 Battery Specifications
Type
Rating
Size (L x B x W)
Weight
Operating Time
Charging Time
: Rechargeable Li-polymer
: 3.7 V; 420 mA
: (41 x 6.3 x 19) mm
: 8.6 grams
: Minimum 8 hrs
: 4 hours
23.4 Standard Accessories
The device box consists of a standard White Cane and a charger.
35
23.5 Charger Specifications
Type
Power Jack
Input rating
Output rating
: Travel charger, certified
: 3.5 mm (interior)
7.8 mm (exterior)
: 100-240 V AC~, 50/60 Hz, 0.3 A
: 5 V DC, 1.0 A
23.6 Detection Characteristics
Sensor Type
Maximum Angular Coverage
Resolution
Indoor Range
Outdoor Range
: 40 kHz Ultrasonic
: 45°
: 3 cm at 3 m
: 0.03 to 1.8 m
: 0.03 to 3.0 m
23.7 Vibration Characteristics
Average Vibration Intensity
Minimum Vibration Intensity
Maximum Vibration Intensity
Audible Alerts
: 0.8 m/sec2
: 0.6 m/sec2
: 2.3 m/sec2
: > 65 dB(A)
23.8 Service Life
The expected service life of this product is five years, if it is maintained
and used as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
23.9 Others
No significant effects of ultrasound have been identified on pets or
pests. No significant effects of sun light, dust or water have been
observed on the sensor.
36
24. Annexure B: Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. How does the SmartCane device detect objects without coming in
contact with them?
The SmartCane device has ultrasonic sensors that are used for detection.
These sensors transmit and receive ultrasonic waves, there are sound
waves at a frequency beyond the human hearing range. When an obstacle
comes in the path of these waves, they are reflected back and are detected
by the sensor. On detection of any obstacle, the device produces vibrations
to indicate the presence of that obstacle.
Q2. Why are there two modes (short range and long range modes) of
detection available in the SmartCane device?
Generally, in an indoor environment objects are usually close to the user.
While, in an outdoor setting, objects are usually present at greater
distances. Therefore, while moving around in an open environment, a longer
range will be useful for detection and in a closed environment the short
range mode will be useful. It is important to select the appropriate mode for
optimal usage. For instance, if you are navigating in an indoor environment
with the device set in long range mode, the device will vibrate continuously
due to numerous nearby obstacles. Similarly, if you are navigating outdoors
with the device set in the short range mode, you will detect the presence of
an obstacle only upon it coming closer than1.8 meter.
Q3. Why do I need to set the angle of the sensors?
The sensor angle adjustment mechanism allows optimal usage by persons
with different heights and cane holding styles. The sensor angle determines
the direction of the ultrasonic rays that are emitted in t
37
he form of a cone. If the cone is tilted downwards, it would continuously
detect the floor. If the cone is directed highly upwards then it will not be able
to detect knee to head-high obstacles. Therefore, it is essential to set the
sensor angle at a position such that the sensors face towards the chest of a
person standing in front of you at a distance of 2 meters. This setting will
help the sensor detect objects at heights between your knee and head
height.
Q4. Why does my device beep and/or vibrate on switching it ON?
When the device is turned on, the initial beeps/vibrations indicate the level
of charge remaining in the battery. A single vibration indicates that the
battery is low (less than 30 %), two vibrations indicate that the battery is
moderately charged (30-70%) and three vibrations indicate that the device
is almost fully charged (70% - 100%). Please note that the vibrations are
accompanied with beeps in the long range mode.
Q5. Is the SmartCane device a replacement of the white cane?
The SmartCane device is not a replacement for your white cane. Instead, it
compliments and enhances its use by detecting raised obstacles, thereby
increasing safety. Tapping of the cane according to the correct mobility
technique must be continued for detection of ground level obstacles.
Q6. Can I use the SmartCane device without attaching it to the white
cane?
Yes, you can use the device without attaching it to a white cane if you are
walking in a familiar place where you usually do not use the white cane. The
device still works and helps you detect obstacles which appear within the
ultrasonic cone range. Please note that the device does not detect
obstacles below the knee-level. Hence, it is always recommended to use
the SmartCane device along with the white cane.
38
Q7. Can I use SmartCane device during rain?
The SmartCane device uses ultrasonic waves which are so sensitive that
they may even detect rain water droplets. Hence, during heavy rain the
device may vibrate due to rain droplets. However, this may not happen
during light rain. Hence, the use of the device is not recommended during
rain as the detection functionality may be uncertain. The device can be used
again once the rain stops.
Q8.What protection needs to be taken if it rains while I am using this
device?
You can switch off your device, detach it from the white cane and keep it
safely. Water seepage will not damage your device. However, when the
water droplets reach inside the sensors, the sensors may not be able to
sense the obstacles properly. Once, the water in the sensors dries up, the
device can be used again.
Q9. Can the SmartCane device be used in detecting a change in the
surface level like a staircase or main halls?
As discussed earlier, the SmartCane device detects knee-above obstacles.
The device cannot be used for detecting change in surface level for
example staircases, main halls etc. where the white cane technique will be
more useful than the SmartCane device.
Q10. Does the device identify the type or nature of the obstacles that
are being detected?
The purpose of the SmartCane device is to detect the presence of any
obstacle from a safe distance. It does not recognize the type of the obstacle.
However, after detecting the presence of an obstacle through vibrations, the
user can then come closer in a safe way and identify the obstacle with
her/his white cane to confirm if it is a landmark of interest.
39
Q11. Do I need to replace the batteries of the device?
You do not need to replace the batteries. The device uses a re-chargeable
battery similar to the one used in mobile phones. It can be charged simply
by connecting the charger provided in the package. Battery will be replaced
only at the manufacturer's authorized service centers.
Q12. How long will the device work if the device was fully charged?
A fully charged battery can last 8 hours of continuous use. For instance, if a
person uses this device for approximately 1.5 hours every day then the
device can be used for a week without recharge (1.5*7 days = 10.5 hrs > 8
hrs). Note that the device takes 4 hours to get fully charged.
Q13. Why does my device beep occasionally when on road?
The device beeps when a fast moving object approaches the user from the
front. The object can be a person walking on the side walk, a car, a bicycle
or a truck. As with other SmartCane features, this will require some training
to become habitual. Please continue following other safety precautions you
normally observe during independent cane mobility.
Q14. How would I differentiate between the beep sounds for detecting
fast approaching obstacles and the ones indicating low battery state?
When the device detects a fast approaching object, it generates a beep
sound whose duration depends on the time for which it remains in the
detection range of the device. This is different from the low battery beep
signal which is of a very short duration and which repeats every 60 seconds.
Q15. Can I use my existing cane with this device?
Yes, you can use your existing cane with the SmartCane device after some
simple modifications provided it conforms to the diameter specifications of
40
the device. However, it is recommended to use the cane that comes with
the SmartCane device.
Q16. What should I do if the length of the cane that came attached is
not appropriate as per my requirements?
The length of the cane that comes with the device is chosen such that it
meets the requirement of most users. However, if there is a significant
difference in the length of your white cane and the one that comes with the
device then you should inform the local organization or center from where
you purchased the device. Subject to availability, the center may provide an
appropriate replacement for the white cane.
Q17. In case my cane breaks or if I wish to change my cane, can I
replace it without purchasing a new SmartCane device?
Yes, the old cane can be easily detached from the device and a new
compatible cane of the same type can be put in its place.
Q18. I use white cane that is fine for my mobility needs, then why do I
need this device?
The SmartCane device complements and enhances the functionality of the
regular white cane. The device is able to detect raised knee-above
obstacles like sides of a vehicle etc. that cannot otherwise be detected by
the white cane. The device detects the presence of obstacles much before
coming in contact and indicates the distance through vibrations. This
prevents dangerous collisions and allows the person to navigate around the
obstacle. Overall, the device improves safety and reduces anxiety of
unexpectedly colliding with an obstacle in the user’s path. In many cases,
the device prevents unwanted collision with other people, garbage dumps
etc. that may be socially awkward. Users have also reported that they travel
faster on the road with a sense of greater confidence. Apart from its
41
detection functionality, the device is lightweight, has an ergonomic grip, fits
on the white cane and is easy and intuitive to use, particularly with a fully
accessible interface.
Q19. What is the weight of the device? Is it too heavy to hold and use?
The SmartCane device is lightweight with a total weight of only 132 grams
(excluding the white cane). Initially, it may take some time and practice to
become habitual with the new handle shaped device (with a small additional
weight) mounted on top of the cane. During our extensive studies, users
have been observed to be comfortable using the device regularly for
extended.
Q20. How long does it take to become a confident SmartCane user?
It does not take very long to learn this device. With initial learning and
regular practice you will start observing the utility of the device in your
mobility. This will be apparent when you begin moving independently while
negotiating knee-above obstacles from a distance and navigating with
grace. Some users are able to reach this stage in a few days while others
may require 1 to 2 weeks. Usually, after 3 to 4 weeks of regular use you can
become a fully confident SmartCane user. However, please note that this
depends on carefully observing the usage guidelines and regular practice.
Q21. Are the ultrasonic waves emitted from the device safe?
The SmartCane is CE marked and meets International safety standards. It
uses a safe ultrasonic sensor at an intensity much below its rating. We have
also tested it in the field for many hours to assess any discomfort to other
users, animals etc. and found no adverse results. It can be safely used
according to the methods and situations prescribed in the manual.
42
Q22. Will the vibratory responses from the device cause any harm to
the touch sensitivity of my hand?
We have calibrated the vibration levels to be safe for continuous use –
much like that of a cell phone. Each individual is different and it may take
longer for some to get used to the vibrations. Our users have not observed
any change in touch sensitivity due to prolonged use.
Q23. Will my SmartCane device withstand falling on the ground?
The SmartCane device has been designed to withstand occasional and
accidental drops. However, the ultrasonic sensors are sensitive and may be
affected by falling. They have been protected in the device against the
mechanical shocks and regular wear and tear during normal usage. The
device has a self-check feature to ensure the sensors are functioning. If the
user drops the device, it is important to check for any sensor malfunction
alerts before operating the SmartCane. Instructions for this are in the user
manual and given during training.
Q24. The device vibrates constantly when I use it in a crowded
environment leaving me irritated and confused. What should I do in
such a situation?
The device provides obstacle information through vibratory responses.
When you are walking in a busy or a crowded street you may constantly
encounter obstacles and hence, the device keeps on vibrating. As it is
unlikely to experience any critical waist high obstacle when walking in the
crowd, you can simply switch the device off for some time and use the
SmartCane like a regular white cane. You can switch it on again when
needed.
43
25. Annexure C: Disposal Procedure
Disposal of all components of the Smart cane device is possible in an
environmentally safe way in compliance with statutory state laws for
disposal of solid wastes.
All metal parts can be recycled through re-melting processes. All nonmetallic parts like polycarbonate enclosures, rubber and wires can be
recycled in accordance with statutory local state laws. All cables are to be
segregated under professional supervision and diverted to an approved
recycling agency for complying with the concerned state laws for plastic
disposal and metal disposal separately. The cardboard packing boxes are
biodegradable. Packing box other than the corrugated is not recyclable. It
must be disposed of in accordance with prevailing environmental laws.
All users are advised to check with prevailing environmental safety hazard
regulations for safety compliance.
When the SmartCane device has reached end of life, it should
be recycled in accordance with the EU 2012/19/EU (WEEE)
directive.
The user wishes to discard this product, it must be sent to appropriate
facilities for recovery and recycling. By not discarding this product along with
other household-type waste, the volume of waste sent to incinerators or
landfills will be reduced and natural resources will be conserved.
44
26. Annexure D: Guidance and
Manufacturer’s Declaration
Electromagnetic Emissions & Immunity
This Smart Cane device is intended for use in the electromagnetic
environment specified below. The user of the equipment should ensure that
it is used in such an environment.
Emissions &
Immunity test
RF emissions
Compliance Level
Group 1
CISPR II
Electromagnetic Environment Requirements
SmartCane uses RF energy only
internally. Therefore, its RF emissions
levels are very low and are not likely to
cause any interference in nearby
electronic equipment.
RF emissions
Class B
CISPR II
Smart Cane is suitable for being charged
in all establishments, including domestic
establishments and those directly
Harmonic
Not Applicable
connected to the public low voltage power
emissions
supply network that supplies buildings
IEC 61000-3-2
used for domestic purpose.
Voltage
fluctuations/
flicker emissions
IEC 61000-3-3
45
Immunity Test
IEC 60601-1-2
Compliance
Electromagnetic
Test Level
Level
Environment - Guidance
Electrostatic
Contact
Contact discharge Floors should be wood,
Discharge (ESD)
discharge ±6
±6 kV
concrete or ceramic tile. If
IEC 61000-4-2
kV
Air discharge ±8
floors are covered with
Air discharge
kV
synthetic material, the
±8 kV
relative humidity should be
at least 30%
Electrical fast
± 2 kV for
± 2 kV for power
Mains power quality should
transient/burst
power supply
supply
be that of a typical
IEC 61000-4-4
lines
lines
commercial or hospital
± 1 kV for
± 1 kV for
environment.
input/output
input/output
lines
Lines
Surge
± 1 kV line(s) to ± 1 kV line(s) to
Mains power quality should
IEC 61000-4-5
line(s)
be that of a typical
line(s)
± 2 kV line(s) to ± 2 kV line(s) to
commercial or hospital
earth
earth
environment.
Voltage dips,
<5 % UT (>95
<5 % UT (>95 %
Mains power quality used
short
% dip in UT) for dip in UT) for 0,5
for charging should be that
interruptions and
0,5 cycle
cycle
of a typical commercial or
voltage variations
40 % UT (60 %
40 % UT (60 %
hospital environment.
on
dip in UT) for 5
dip in UT) for 5
power supply
cycles
cycles
input
70 % UT (30 %
70 % UT (30 %
lines
dip in UT)
dip in UT)
IEC 61000-4-11
for 25 cycles
for 25 cycles
<5 % UT (>95
<5 % UT (>95 %
% dip in UT)
dip in UT)
for 5 s
for 5 s
3 A/m
3 A/m
Power frequency
Power frequency magnetic
Magnetic field
fields should be at levels
IEC 61000-4-8
characteristic of a typical
location in a typical
46
Immunity Test
IEC 60601-1-2
Compliance
Electromagnetic
Test Level
Level
Environment - Guidance
commercial or hospital
environment.
Conducted RF
3 Vrms
3V
Portable and mobile RF
IEC 61000-4-6
150 kHz to 80
communications equipment
MHz
should be used no closer to
any part of the Smart cane
device, including cables,
than the recommended
separation distance
calculated from the equation
applicable to the frequency
of the transmitter.
Recommended separation
distance
d =1.2 √P
d = 1.2 √P 80 MHz to 800
MHz
Radiated RF IEC
3 V/m
61000-4-3
80 Mhz to 2.5
3 V/m
d = 2.3 √P 800 MHz to 2.5
GHz
Ghz
where P is the maximum
output power rating of the
transmitter in watts (W)
according to the transmitter
manufacturer and d is the
recommended separation
distance in meters (m).
Field strengths from fixed
RF transmitters, as
47
Immunity Test
IEC 60601-1-2
Compliance
Electromagnetic
Test Level
Level
Environment - Guidance
determined by an
electromagnetic site survey,
should be less than the
compliance level in each
frequency range.
Interference may occur in
the vicinity of equipment
marked
with the following symbol:
Note 1: At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies.
Note 2: These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic
propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from structures, objects
and people.
Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF
communications equipment and the SmartCane device
The Smart cane device is intended for use in an electromagnetic
environment in which radiated RF disturbances are controlled. The
customer or the user of the Smart cane device can help prevent
electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum distance between
portable and mobile RF communications equipment (transmitters) and the
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Smart cane device as recommended below, according to the maximum
output power of the communications equipment.
Rated maximum
Separation distance according to frequency of
output power of
transmitter
transmitter
m
150 kHz to 80
80 MHz to 800
800 MHz to 2.5
MHz
MHz
GHz
d=1.2 √P
d=1.2 √P
d=2.3 √P
0.01
0.12
0.12
0.23
0.1
0.38
0.38
0.73
1
1.2
1.2
2.3
10
3.8
3.8
7.3
100
12
12
23
W
For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the
recommended separation distance d in meters (m) can be estimated using
the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where P is the
maximum output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to
the transmitter manufacturer.
Note 1: At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the separation distance for the higher
frequency range applies.
Note 2: These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic
propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from structures, objects
and people.
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27. Annexure E: Contact Information
For any information related to the SmartCane device, please contact:
Saksham Trust
Address:
486 Double Storey, New Rajinder Nagar,
New Delhi – 110 060, India
Website:
www.smartcane.saksham.org
Email:
[email protected]
Phone:
+91-11-64650655, 42411015, 45793601
Fax:
+91-11-28744025
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