অনু ঘটক
অনু শীলনকারীদের জনয প্রশশক্ষণ মশিউল
সাব-মশিউল ১: দুদ্য াগ ঝুুঁশক হ্রাস এবং জলবায়ু পশরবর্যদন উপদ্াগীকরদনর মমৌশলক শবষয় সমূ হ
Av‡jvP¨ welq 1.1 DDR (`y‡h©vM SuywK n«vmKiY) cwiwPwZ
Training Module for Practitioners:
Sub-module 1: Fundamentals of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
Topic 1.1: Introduction DRR
1
1.1 Introduction to DDR
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
2
cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Ges KvVv‡gv
GB gwWD‡j hv ‡kLv hv‡e
DRR (`y‡h©vM SuywK n«vmKiY) Gi wbqgbxwZ,
kãvejx Ges cÖwµqv
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM/SuywK wK?
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM ¯’vbxq GjvKv Ges A_©bxwZi
Dci †Kgb cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM Ges SuywKi ÿwZKviK
w`K¸‡jv n«vm Kivi Rb¨ g~j AvšÍR©vwZK
Pzw³/D‡`¨vM mg~n wK wK?
Ab¨vb¨ †`k mg~n wKfv‡e SuwyK n«vm K‡i|
Dògvb c„w_ex‡Z cÖvK„wZK `y‡h©vM
we‡k¦i me©ÎB cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM ÿwZ K‡i|
cÖvK…wZK cwiewZ©Zv I gvby‡li wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i
_vKvi `iæY cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM‡K Gwo‡q _vKv hvq
bv| Avgiv G mg¯Í aŸsmjxjv †_‡K I cÖvK…wZK
`y‡h©vMRwbZ A_©‰bwZK mg…w×i Dci `xN©‡gqv`x
cÖfve Ges mvgvwRK ÿwZ mvab †_‡K mKj‡K
iÿv Ki‡Z cvwi| Rjevqy cwieZ©b Av‡iv Zxeª
n‡Z cv‡i Ges Nb Nb Pig `y‡h©v‡Mi KviYI
n‡Z cv‡i|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
3
msÁv Ges g~j kã mg~n
cÖvK…wZK NUbv hv Rxeb nvwb NUv‡Z cv‡i, ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci
weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i , m¤ú` aŸsm Ki‡Z
cv‡i, RxweKvq‡bi I †mevmg~‡ni ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i,
mvgvwRK Ges Avw_©K †ÿ‡Î weNœ NUv‡Z cv‡i A_ev
cwi‡ekMZ wech©q NUv‡Z cv‡i (`y‡h©vM n«vm Ki‡Yi
Rb¨ RvwZmsN AvšÍR©vwZK †KŠkj INISDR, 2001)
‡Kvb m¤¢ve¨ NUbvi mvgwóK KviY Ges Gi †bwZevPK djvdj mg~‡ni wfwˇZ (`y‡h©vM SuywK †`Lv
†h‡Z cv‡i) [INISDR 2009] cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM‡K wewfbœfv‡e †kÖYxwef³ Kiv hvq †hgb, Rjevqywe`¨v
(Climatology) A_©vr †hLv‡b _vK‡Z cv‡i `xN©‡gqv`x Ges eo cwim‡i cÖfve †hgb, Liv, AwaK
ZvcgvÎv BZ¨vw`| AvenvIqvwe`¨v (Meteorological) A_©vr hv n‡Z cv‡i ¯^í †gqv`x cÖfve
we¯ÍviKvix †hgb, MÖx®§gÛjxq So| Rjwe`¨v (Hydrological) welqK A_©vr ¯^vfvweK cvwbi Zzjbvq
AwaK cvwbi cÖevn, eb¨v BZ¨vw`| f‚we`¨v (Geophysical) welqK †hgb f‚wgm¤ú`| RxeweÁvb
(Biological) welqK †hgb,†Kvb welv³ c`v‡_©i d‡j †Kvb ‰RweK cÖvYxmË¡vi cÖKvk
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
4
m½v Ges g~j kã mg~n
NvZ‡cv‡hvMxZv (Vulnerability)
‡Kvb Rb‡Mvwô, ev c×wZi Ae¯’v Ges ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q †Kvb `y‡h©vM ev
ÿwZ‡K mnbkxj K‡i †bq (UNISDR, 2009)
gvbyl, m¤úwË, cÖ_vejx A_ev Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb GKm‡½ i‡q‡Q,
hw`I G¸‡jvi ÿwZ nIqvi h‡_ó KviY i‡q‡Q (UNISDR, 2009)
Abve„ZKiY (Exposure)
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM Ges Pig Rjevqyi Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK †h ÿwZmvab †`Lv
hv‡”Q hv `yive¯’viB ewntcÖKvk| Ab¨ K_vq ejv hvq †h, gvbyl GB
`y‡h©vMMÖ¯Í GjvKvq emevm Kivi `iæYB ÿwZi cwigvY e„w× cv‡”Q|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
5
m½v Ges g~j kã mg~n
`y‡h©vM SuywK
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †Kvb wbw`©ó gvbe emwZc~Y© GjvKv
ev mgv‡R Rxeb nvwb K‡i, ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’vi ÿwZ K‡i,
RxweKvqb bó K‡i hv fwel¨r wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨
weivRgvb _v‡K| (UNISDR, 2007)
ÒïaygvÎ GKRb †evKvB Dfq cv
w`‡q
cvwbi MfxiZv cwigvc K‡i|Ó
- Pxbv cÖev`
fq¼i aŸsmjxjv gvby‡li mgv‡Ri A_©bxwZi,
`ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwi‡e‡ki ÿwZ K‡i Ges
cÖfvweZ K‡i| hv †m Dc`ªæZ GjvKvi
gvby‡li m¤ú` w`‡q KvwU‡q DVv -Zv‡`i
mv‡a¨i evB‡i|
(UNISDR, 2007)
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
6
m½v Ges g~j kã mg~n
`y‡h©v© M SuywK e¨e¯’vcbv (DRM)
wec` m¼zjZv Ges m¤¢ve¨ `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve Kgv‡bvi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb myk„•Lj cÖkvmwbK wb‡`©kbv, mvsMVwbK
Ges cwiPvjbv `ÿZv, †KŠkj I bxwZgvjvi ev¯Íevqb
Ges mK‡ji mÿgZv AR©b| (UNISDR, 2009)
`y‡h©vM n«vmKi‡Yi Rb¨ RvwZmsN AvšÍR©vwZK
†KŠkj (UNISDR) erm‡i 2 evi ˆewk¦K
cwigvc ch©v‡jvPbv cÖKvk K‡i| hv n‡”Q
we‡k¦i g‡a¨ `y‡h©vM n«vmKiY (DRR) Gi
Dci me‡P‡q eo cÖKvkbv|
`y‡h©vM SuywK Kgv‡bv Ges G¸‡jvi KviY
eySv I we‡kølY BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
mwVKfv‡e f‚wg I cwi‡ek e¨e¯’vcbv Ges
Av‡iv cÖ‡qvRb weiƒc Ae¯’v †gvKv‡ejvi
Rb¨ h‡_ó cÖ¯‘wZi|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
7
SuzwK e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ
উদ্ধার
প্রতিতিয়া
প্রাকৃতিক দুরর্যাগ
ব্যব্স্থাপনা
পর্যার াচনা
প্রস্তুতি
প্রতিররাধ ও প্রতিকার
SzuwK e¨e¯’vcbvi A‡bK aiY i‡q‡Q hv
GKB iKg mgwš^Z:
cÖwZ‡iva n‡”Q ÿwZ ‡_‡K iÿv cvIqvi
GKwU cš’v ˆZix Kiv A_©vr Ggb GKwU
c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g cÖK…wZi AvNvZ‡K
†gvKv‡ejv Kiv hvq| myiÿv n‡”Q
g~j¨evb `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi wbivc` ¯’v‡b
¯’vbvšÍi|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
8
SuzwK e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ
•cÖ¯‘wZ n‡”Q cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM KLb Avm‡Z
cv‡i Ges Avm‡j wK Kiv DwPr Zv Abygvb
Ki‡Z cviv|
•mvov ‡`qv n‡”Q Pjgvb Riæix Ae¯’v
†gvKv‡ejv K‡i e¨e¯’v MÖnY †hgb Rxeb I
m¤úwË iÿv Kiv|
•cybiæ×vi n‡”Q KwVb Ae¯’vi cÖfve ‡_‡K
gy³ Kivi Rb¨ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ges b~Zb wKQz
ms‡hvRb †Rvi`vi KiY|
•ch©v‡jvPbv n‡”Q `y‡h©vM Ae¯’v †_‡K wkÿv
MÖnY Ges SuywK we‡kølY I e¨e¯’vcbv|
Sir Michael Pitt’s 2007 m‡b
hy³iv‡R¨ e‡q hvIqv eb¨vi Ae¯’v
ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi ch©v‡jvPbvq
†`Lv hv‡”Q †h, †`kwU Av‡iv AwaK
e„wócv‡Zi Avk¼v Ki‡Q| G cÖm‡½
Av‡iv c`‡ÿ‡ci g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q eb¨vi
ai‡Yi Dci mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ges DËg
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY| wbw`©ó mgq
AšÍi cÖvgvY¨ cÖKvk K‡i SuywK e¨e¯’vcbv
Kvh©µg‡K Av‡iv DbœZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
9
`y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve
cÖZ¨ÿ ebvg c‡ivÿ
cÖvK…wZK wech©q mivmwi Rxeb I m¤ú‡`i ÿwZmvab
K‡i| Avi c‡ivÿfv‡e †¯ªv‡Zi DRvb fvwUi cÖwZwµqv
Øviv ¯’vqx KvVv‡gvi ÿwZmvab K‡i G‡Z mieivnKvix I
†fv³viv ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq|
2005 G msNwUZ n¨vwi‡Kb
K¨vUwibvi aŸsmhÁ KvwU‡q
DVvi Rb¨ gvbyl †Póv
K‡i‡Q| G cÖm‡½ Sujan
Neiman Gi e³…Zv †kvbv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
ev¯Íe ebvg Aev¯Íe wKQz cÖfvi Av‡Q hv ev¯Í‡e ev
A_©‰bwZK `„wó‡Z Abyaveb Kiv hvq| wKš‘ Ggb wKQz
Av‡Q hv ev¯Í‡e †evSv hvq bv| †hgb, ¯^v¯’¨ I
mvgvwRK welq| hw`I G¸‡jv mgfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
Ges cÖvqB ÿqÿwZi cwigvY wbY©‡q ev` c‡o hvq|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
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`y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve (Pjgvb)
mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM mvgvwRK kw³ aŸsm K‡i; gvby‡li
¯^v”Q›`¨ Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv AwfbœZviI ÿwZ mvab
K‡i| Gi djkÖæwZ‡Z gvby‡li g‡a¨ gvbwmK wech©q,
Ø›` Ges mvgvwRK ÿwZKi w`K¸‡jvi `ªæZ weKvk
N‡U| G¸‡jv A_©bxwZ‡Z ewntcÖKvk NUvq †hgb
Drcv`b ÿgZv n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K|
cwi‡ekMZ
cÖwZ‡ek c×wZi (Ecosystem)Gi ¯’vqx A_ev A¯’vqx ÿwZ
cieZx©‡Z Zv KvwU‡q D‡V Gi m‡½ Lvc LvIqv‡bv ev b~Zb
cÖwZ‡ek c×wZ (Ecosystem) cÖPwjZKiY KwVb n‡q
`vovq|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
11
SuywK Dckg Ges Dc‡hvMxKiY c×wZ
KvVv‡gvMZ t cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvKiY I `y‡h©vM cieZ©x cybe©vm‡bi
Rb¨ ‡Kvb wbg©vY ev cÖ‡KŠkjxK †Kvb ¯’vcbv wbg©vYB KvVv‡gvMZ w`K †hgb,
euva wbg©vY, mvgw`ªK †XD cÖwZ‡iva cÖvPxi, f~wgK¤ú cÖwZ‡ivaK feb wbg©vY
BZ¨vw` (INISDR, 2007)| †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î b`xi Zx‡i euva wbg©vY K‡i
ga¨g †gqv`x ev `xN© †gqv`x e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq|
AeKvVv‡gvMZ t GwU Ggb GKwU welq hv `„wó‡MvPi nq bv †hgb-Ávb,
P”P©v, bxwZgvjv, AvBb, MYm‡PZbZv, cÖwkÿY Ges wkÿv| †hgb, feb
wbg©vY AvBb, cwiKwíZfv‡e f~wg e¨envi AvBb Ges cÖ‡qvM, M‡elYv Ges
cwigvc, MYm‡PZbZv (INISDR, 2007) |
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
12
cÖvK„wZK `y‡h©vM 2012
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
13
`y‡h©v‡Mi f~‡Mvj
hw`I kZKiv 65 fv‡MiI †ekx
`y‡h©vM D”P Ges D”Pga¨g Av‡qi
†`k mg~‡n n‡q _v‡K e‡j cÖwZ‡e`‡b
D‡jøL Av‡Q Z‡e Gi g‡a¨ cÖvq 85
fvM n‡q _v‡K wb¤œ Ges wb¤œ ga¨
Av‡qi ‡`k mg~‡ni g‡a¨|
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM RwbZ
A_©‰bwZK ÿwZ Ges
webv‡ki e›Ub DËi
`wÿY wefw³i gva¨‡g
n‡q _v‡K|
we‡k¦i evwl©K ÿwZi 27
fvM n‡q _v‡K wb¤œ Ges
wb¤œ ga¨weË Av‡qi †`k
mg~‡ni g‡a¨| wKš‘ Gi
g‡a¨ gvÎ kZKiv 2
fv‡Mi exgv Kiv _v‡K|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
14
Pig Ae¯’v -cwijwÿZ NUbv mg~n
‡Kvb †Kvb A‡j AwaK gvÎvq AskMÖn‡Yi
cÖeYZv
we‡k¦i wKQz wKQz A‡ji `xN© Livi MfxiZvi
Dci ga¨g ai‡Yi wek¦vm i‡q‡Q|
Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ eb¨v Ges Gi we¯Í…wZi
Dci ga¨g ai‡Yi cÖvgvY¨ Z‡_¨i g‡a¨
mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| GB e¨vcv‡i wb¤œgv‡bi Pzw³
i‡q‡Q| †m Rb¨ wek¦e¨vcx G¸‡jvi cwieZ©b
nIqv m‡Ë¡I|Gi Dci Av¯’v Kg DcK~jxq A‡j mgy‡`ªi cvwbi D”PZv e„w×i
m¤¢vebv †`Lv hv‡”Q|
AvšÍR©vwZK Rjevqy cwieZ©b c¨v‡bj ( IPCC
) Gi Pig `y‡h©vM SuywK e¨e¯’vcbv I AwMÖg
Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Dc‡hvMxKiY welqK
cÖwZ‡e`b t
cÖvß Z_¨vejxi ˆeaZvi Dci Av¯’v (†hgb
Lye Kg, Kg, ga¨g, D”P, Lye D”P)
m¤¢ve¨Zv t m¤¢ve¨Zvi wbwi‡L AwbðqZvi
gvÎv MYbvKiY †hgb (Lye m¤¢eZ= 90100% m¤¢vebv)
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
15
Pig Ae¯’v-cÖ‡ÿcb (Projection)
MÖx®§gÛjxq Ges AwZ MÖx®§gÛjxq So
mÿgZvi Dci weMZ cwieZ©b jÿ K‡i †`Lv hv‡”Q
†h, weMZ 40ermi ev Zvi AvM †_‡K MÖx®§gÛjxq
NywY©S‡o Kg Av¯’v e„w× cv‡”Q|
Mo MÖx®§gÛjxq S‡oi m‡½ AwZgvÎvq evqy cÖevn Z‡e
Zv m¤¢eZ mKj gnvmvMixq AeevwnKvq bq|
MÖx®§gÛjxq S‡oi ˆewk¦Kfv‡e AvNvZ nvbvi msL¨v nq K‡g †M‡Q bq‡Zvev AcwieZ©bxq
i‡q‡Q|
cÖ‡Z¨K †Mvjv‡a© AwZ MÖx®§gÛjxq S‡oi msL¨vi wel‡q ga¨g ai‡Yi Av¯’v i‡q‡Q|AwZ
MÖx®§gÛjxq S‡oi †fŠMwjK cÖ‡ÿc‡Yi (Projection) Kg©Kv‡Ûi cÖwZ ¯^í Av¯’v| wKš‘
†giæi w`‡K cÖ‡ÿwcZ AwZ MÖx®§gÛjxq S‡oi cÖwZ ga¨g ai‡Yi Av¯’v i‡q‡Q|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
16
Pig Ae¯’v- NvZ‡cv‡hvMxZv (Vulnerability) Gi PvjK
e„nr ¯’v‡b Ges AvšÍt evrmwiK e¨eav‡b AvenvIqv I Rjevqy m¤úwK©Z A_©‰bwZK
ÿqÿwZi cwigvY µgea©gvb (D”P Av¯’v)
Rjevqy Ges AvenvIqvRbxZ `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡b gvbyl Ges A_©‰bwZK †h ÿwZ n‡”Q
Zv A_©‰bwZK m¤§„w×i Rb¨ | `xN©‡gqv`x ÿwZ mgš^q nq m¤ú` Ges RbmsL¨v e„w×i
m‡½| Ges RbmsL¨v e„wׇK Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvib wnmv‡e Mbbv Kiv nqbv
Avevi Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡KI evav †`qv m¤¢e n‡”Qbv |
`y‡h©v‡M ÿwZMÖ¯ÍZvi †ÿ‡Î NvZ‡cv‡hvMxZv (Vulnerability) GKwU g~j welq hw`I
GwU‡K †ekx ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq bv| mxgve×Zv t (1) DcvË gRy` (2) `y‡h©v‡Mi
ch©‡ewÿZ aiY| AwZwi³ mxgve×Zv wn‡m‡e Av‡Q t (3) mg‡qi g‡a¨ †h cÖwµqvq
ÿqÿwZ msµvšÍ Dcv‡Ëi mgš^q
Kiv nq Ges (4) †iK‡W©i ˆ`N©¨ (IPCC,
2012)
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
17
AvšÍR©vwZK †ÿ‡Î `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vmKiY (DRR )
1989 m‡b RvwZms‡N mvaviY cwil` 1990 Gi `kK‡K AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM n«vmKiY `k wn‡m‡e †Nvlbv K‡i (cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM
n«vmKi‡Yi AvšÍR©vwZK `kK) (IDNDR)
D‡Ïk¨ t AvšÍR©vwZK HKg‡Z¨i gva¨‡g Dbœqbkxj†`k¸‡jv‡Z cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM RwbZ Rxeb ÿq,
m¤úwË ÿq, A_©‰bwZK `yive¯’v n«vmKiY|
1994 m‡b Rvcv‡bi Bqv‡Kvnvgv kn‡i (23-24 †g) cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM n«vmKiY welqK cÖ_g wek¦
m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| (WCDR)
`k‡Ki ga¨g ch©v‡q ch©v‡jvPbv, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wb‡`©kbv, cÖ¯‘wZ I DckgZv Ges
Kg©cwiKíbv wel‡q wm×všÍ nq| GB m‡¤§j‡b KvwiMix †Kw›`ªK e¨e¯’vi †P‡q Av_©-mvgvwRK
welq¸‡jv‡K `yy‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wel‡q we‡ePbv Kiv nq| GwU †UKmB Dbœq‡bi GKwU Ask wn‡m‡eI
we‡ewPZ nq|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
18
AvšÍRv© wZK †ÿ‡Î DRR (`y‡h©vM SuywK n«vmKiY) (Pjgvb)
1999 t ‡R‡bfvq 5-9 RyjvB| cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM n«vmKi‡Yi AvšÍR©vwZK `kK (IDNDR ) ‡dvivg
AbywôZ|
`y‡h©vM n«vmKiY- †R‡bfv †dvivg †Nvlbv K‡i†h, ˆewk¦K mn‡hvwMZvq cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM n«vmKiY Ae¨vnZ
_vK‡e|
1999 t RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil` `y‡h©vM n«vmKiY AvšÍR©vwZK †KŠkj ISDR MÖnY K‡i|
ISDR †K UNISDR ev¯Íevq‡bi mwPevjq wn‡m‡e MVb Kiv nq|
2005 t 18-22 Rvbyqvwi Rvcv‡bi †Kv‡e BD‡Mv‡Z `y‡h©vM n«vmKiY msµvšÍ wØZxq wek¦ m‡¤§jb AbywôZ
nq|
2005-2015 mv‡ji Rb¨ Hyogo †d«gIqvK© AvbyôvwbKfv‡e M„nxZ nq| hvi g~j K_v nj `y‡h©vM
ÿwZM͇֯`i c~e©ve¯’vq wd‡i Avbvi Rb¨ RvwZ Ges†Mvwô‡K cÖ¯‘ZKiY| Hyogo †d«gIqvK© n‡”Q `y‡h©vM SuywK
n«vmKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ_g M„nxZ †d«gIqvK©|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
19
Hyogo †d«gIqvK© cieZ©x P¨v‡jÄ
2005-2015 m‡bi g‡a¨ `y‡h©v‡Mi ÿqÿwZ
n«vm Ki‡Z mKj †ÿ‡Î Ges mKj Kgx©i
KiYxq welq wb‡q Hyogo †d«gIqvK© we¯ÍvwiZ
Kg©m~wP cÖYqb K‡i‡Q|
2015 Hyogo †d«gIqvK© cieZ©x P¨v‡jÄ t
‡UKmB Dbœqb AR©‡bi Rb¨ Ges emwZ
GjvKvq NvZ‡cv‡hvwMZv n«vmKi‡Yi g‡Zv
DRR ev `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vmKiY Ges CCA ev
Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Dc‡hvMxKiY Gi
mvaviY jÿ¨ mg~n‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vb|
¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb mg~‡ni mÿgZv
e„w× I Revew`wnZv e„w×;
SuywKi Av‡iv AwaK KviY‡K DwÏó
(targeted) KiY
DRR (`y‡h©vM SuywK n«vmKiY) †ÿ‡Î †RÛvi
welqwU‡K m¤ú„³KiY|
HFA (Hyogo †d«gIqvK© cieZ©x P¨v‡jÄ) Gi
AMÖvwaKvi Kg©KvÛwbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e ‡h DRR (`y‡h©vM SuywK n«vmKiY)
GKwU RvZxq I ¯’vbxq AMÖvwaKvi‡hvM¨ welq hv
cÖvwZôvwbK wfwˇZ ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
wPwýZKiY t `y‡h©vM SuywK cwigvc I gwbUiKiY Ges
c~e©vfvm cÖ`vb
mKj ch©v‡q wbivc‡` c~e©ve¯’vq cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi Rb¨
Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvM, Awfbe cš’v, wkÿv I ms¯‹…wZi
cÖPjb|
AšÍwb©wnZ KviY¸‡jv n«vmKiY|
`y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq Kvh©Ki mvov †`qv †Rvi`viKiY|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
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SuywK/NvZ‡cv‡hvMxZv jÿY
gvbweK Kvi‡Y `y‡h©v‡Mi ci Gi w`‡K
`„wó wbeÜ Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæix| wKš‘
Rbmvavi‡Yi A_©‰bwZK ÿqÿwZ
Rxebnvwbi Møvwb jvNe Kivi Rb¨ Zv
ch©vß bq| `y‡h©vM NUvi Av‡M Ges
c‡i Gi ÿqÿwZ wbiæcY K‡i e¨e¯’v
MÖnY Kiv `xN©‡gqv`xfv‡e `y‡h©vM SuywK
n«vmKi‡Yi Rb¨ GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
wek¦ SuywK jÿY
cÖYqbKvix t UNU-EHS
D‡Ïk¨ t GKwU †`k `‡h©vM Øviv KZUzKz ÿwZMÖ¯Í
n‡Z cv‡i Zv wbiæcY Kiv|
†h mg¯Í wec‡`i K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q t f‚wgK¤ú,
So, eb¨v, Liv, mvM‡ii RjùwxZ|
GB m~PK Øviv NvZ‡cv‡hvMxZvi aiY‡K †evSv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| A_©vr Gi ms‡e`bkxjZv KZUzKz Lvc
LvIqv‡Z cvi‡e Zvi gvÎv GKB m‡½ Rjevqy
cwieZ©‡bi cieZ©x djvdj †Kgb n‡Z cv‡i Zv|
4wU wel‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i Zv ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q t
• cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi ZxÿèZv
• ms‡e`bkxjZv
• Avq‡Ë¡ Avbvi ÿgZv
• Dc‡hvMx nIqvi mÿgZv
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
21
SuywK/NvZ‡cv‡hvMxZv jÿY
`y‡h©vM SuywK m~PK (DRI)
cÖYqbKvix t Peduzzi et. at
(UNDP)
D‡Ïk¨ t †h mg¯Í †`‡ki Rb¨ m‡e©v”P
cÖwZ‡iva MÖnY I Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wPwýZ KiY|
cwi‡ekMZ NvZ‡cv‡hvMxZv m~PK (EVI)
cÖYqbKvix t SOPAC, UNEP
D‡Ïk¨ t GKwU †`k cwi‡ekMZ w`K †_‡K
KZUzKz ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡Z cv‡i Zv cÖ`k©b|
‡h mg¯Í SuywKi D‡jøL Av‡Q t AvenvIqv Ges
Rjevqy f‚ZvwË¡K Ges gvbyl|
EVI (cwi‡ekMZ NvZ‡cv‡hvMxZv m~PK) ¯^v¯’¨
Ges cÖwZ‡ek c×wZi ÿwZi SuywK †`wL‡q‡Q|
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
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cÖkœvejx ch©v‡jvPbv
wech©q ‡Kvb `y‡h©v‡Mi mg bq|
‡Kvb GjvKvq emevmKvix gvby‡li Dci wech©‡qi cÖfv‡ei Zzjbvq †Kvb GjvKvq
`y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ g~j e¨eavb wK?
Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM m¤úwK©Z
gvbyl KZ…©K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi `iæY Kx ai‡Yi cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM kw³kvjx n‡Z
cv‡i?
G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvb¸‡jv Avcbvi GjvKvq ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i?
`y‡h©vM Zxÿè nIqv/cybt cybt AvNvZ nvbvi wel‡q wK wR Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb?
`y‡h©vM SuywK e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ
`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ g~j ch©vq¸‡jv wK wK?
Gi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©/Kg LiP mv‡cÿ †KvbwU? Ges †Kb?
Topic 1: Sub-Topic : Introduction to DDR
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References
•ADPC, 2013, Integrating Disaster Risk Management into Climate Change Adaptation. Disaster Risk
Management Practitioner’s Handbook Series, Bankok.
•Earl, S., Carden F., & Smutylo, T. (2001. ) Outcome mapping: Building learning and reflection into
dvelopment programs. Ottawa, ON, Canada: International Development Research Centre. Retrieved from
http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/bitstream/10325/32122/117218.pdf.
•FAQ 2004. Drought impact mitigation and preventaion in the Limpopo River Basin, Rome, Retrieve:
http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e00.htm#
•Hellmuth M.E., Mason S.J., Vaughan C., van Aalst M.K. and Choularton R. (eds) 2011. A Better Climate for
Disaster Risk Management. International Research Instititue for Climate and Society (IRI), Columbia
University, New Yourk, USA.[Online]. Retrieved from:
http://portal.iri.colubia.edu/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_56437757_0_0_18/CSP3_Final.pdf
•International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2012. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to
Advance Climate Change Adaptation. Cambridge University Press.
•Jaspers, A., Matt, H., Shah, R., 2012. Capacity building Climate proofing Udaypur, Alterra, Wageningen.
•Mitchel, T and Van Aalst, 2008. Convergence of Climage Change reduction and Climate Change Adaptation.
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDER), 2007. Framework for Action 20052015. Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. Geneva.
•TorqAid & FDC, 2011. TorqAid Diagrammatic Framework for Disaster Risk Management. [Online] Retrieved
from: http://www.preventaitonweb.net/files/21008_21008torqaiddiagrammaticframework.pdf
•UNISDR, 2011. Global Assessment report on Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva.
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