July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [IG-DEP Viable Technologies in PHY and MAC Layers for Technical Requirement of
Enhanced Dependability in Wireless Links]
Date Submitted: [25 July, 2016]
Source: Ryuji Kohno, Yokohama National University/CWC-Nippon Co.
Address 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Japan 240-8501
Voice: +81 (0)45-339-4115 Email: [email protected], [email protected]]
Re: []
Abstract: [This document summarizes viable technologies to carry out enhanced dependability in wireless
links in PHY and MAC layers for this standard. In order to confirm feasibility of technical requirement for
enhanced dependability in wireless links, we need to check available technologies which are not too special
in only specific institutes and companies but commonly available.]
Purpose: [information]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for
discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this
document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right
to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE
and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Submission
Slide 1
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
IEEE 802.15 IG DEP
Viable Technologies in PHY and MAC Layers
for Technical Requirement of Enhanced
Dependability in Wireless Links
Ryuji Kohno
(Yokohama National University/CWC-Nippon Co.)
San Diego, CA, USA
Submission
Slide 2
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Three Classes of Focused Potential Applications
We have classified focused potential applications into three classes
according to demands of dependability.
QoS 1 Class: Highest Priority Level for Demand of Dependability
1.1 Car Internal M2M
1.3 Remote Diagnosis in Factory
2.3 Professional Medicine
3.2 Public Safety
QoS 2 Class: Meddle Priority Level for Demand of Dependability
1,2 Inter-vehicle M2M
2.2 Healthcare
3.1 Life Line (Water/Gas/Electricity Supply)
4.1 Remote Diagnosis of Infra(bridge/bldg./train)
QoS 3 Class: Low Priority Level for Demand of Dependability
2.1 Wellness, Wellbeing
3.3 Government System
4.2 Remote Sensing and Controlling Mobile Robots
4.3 Disaster Analysis and Prevention
Submission
Slide 3
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Focused Applications and Users of Enhanced
Dependability in Wireless Links
According to highest necessity for enhanced dependability, we can
focus the following applications with possible sponsors
QoS 1 Class: Highest Priority Level for Demand of Dependability
1.1 Car Internal M2M ; Volkswagen, BMW, KIA, Bosh, Continental,
Toyota, Honda, Denso, Autoliv, etc.
1.3 Remote Diagnosis in Factory; Nissan, GM, Renault, Audi etc.
2.3 Professional Medicine; GE, Siemens, Medtronics, Philips, Olympus,
etc.
3.2 Public Safety; Motorola, GE, Siemens, Raytheon, SECOM etc.
According to market size of the focused industry, automotive
industry may be major.
1.Automotive
1.1Car Internal M2M; Volkswagen, BMW, KIA, Bosh, Continental etc.
1,2 Inter-vehicle M2M; Toyota, Daimler, Honda, Denso, Google etc.
1.3 Remote Diagnosis in Factory; Nissan, GM, Renault, Audi etc.
Submission
Slide 4
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Current Summary of Requirements
in Doc.15-15-0217-06-0dep
- Number of sensors: few tens to hundreds per network
- Support for multiple network co-existence & interoperability:
few tens of networks
- Types of topologies: star, mesh, inter-connected networks
- Data rate requirement: up to 2 Mbps per sensor
- Latency in normal operation: 250 ms to 1 s
- Latency in critical situation: few ms to 15 ms
- Aggregate data rate per network: up to 1 Gbps (in some
applications) / few Mbps (in others)
- Delivery ratio requirement: >99.9 % (in some applications) / >
99 % (in others)
- Disconnection ratio < 0.01 % (of time)
- Synchronization recovery time: < 100 ms
- Coverage range: up to 1000 m (in some applications) / 20 m (in
others)
- Feedback loop response time: less than 1 s (10 ms In collision
avoidance radar)
Submission
Slide 5
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Current Summary of Requirements (cont.)
- Handover capability: seamless between BANs and/or PANs,
walking speed, 2 seconds
- Transceiver power consumption: SotA acceptable
- Module size: wearable for hospital use, maximum size 5 cm x 2
cm x 1 cm for automotive
- Module weight: < 50 g for hospital, < 10 g for automotive &
body
- Data packet sizes (typical, maximum):
- Hospital: 100 bytes, 1000 bytes
- Automotive: 10 bytes, 1000 bytes
- Compatibility with CAN and RIM buses for intra-vehicle
- Security considerations: Handover peers need to have trust
relationship. High confidentiality and privacy requirements in
hospital environment. Lifecycle management.
- Sensor lifetime: minimum 1 year, up to equipment lifetime
- Jitter: < 50 ms in regular case, < 5 ms in critical situations. 5 %
outliers acceptable.
Submission
Slide 6
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Current Summary of Requirements (cont.)
- Interference models:
- Intra network interference (MAC&PHY specification
dependent)
- Inter-network interference (take a look at literature,
coexistence statements)
- Channel models:
- in intra-vehicle (needs to be measured),
- inter-vehicle (exists in literature),
- in factory (partially exists in literature),
- in hospital (exist in literature),
- in emergency rescue field (exists?)
- Any other?
Submission
Slide 7
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Necessary Technologies for Enhanced
Dependability in Wireless Links
 Physical Layer Technology:
- Modulation Scheme
- Channel Coding or Error Controlling Scheme:
- Diversity and Antenna Scheme:
- Other schemes to get Gains and to combat with Loss
in Link Budget
 MAC Layer Technology:
- Contention free protocol:
- Dependable protocol with fixed delay
- Hybrid or combined MAC protocols:
- Cross layer technologies between PHY and MAC:
 Other Layers Technology: should be assumed to jointly
optimize specification in PHY and MAC although not be
included in the standard.
 New Technologies from Other Fields:
• Controlling Theory
• Digital Signal Processing
Submission
Slide 8
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Physical Layer Technologies for Enhanced
Dependability in Wireless Links
According to variance of channel condition, worst performance
should be improved to guarantee necessary requirements.
Various advanced wireless technologies should be applied to improve
the worst performance.
• Transmission Power Control
S/N and D/I improved
• Avoid & Filter Undesired Signals
• Space, Time, Frequency Diversity
Time Diversity(RAKE,Channel Coding)
Space Diversity(Array Antenna, MIMO)
Frequency Diversity(OFDM, UWB)
Submission
Slide 9
9
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Interdisciplinary Research Field between
Communication and Control Theories
Control Theory
& Signal Processing
Communication Theory
Encryption
Theory
Hash Function
Computing
Theory
Complexity
Theory
NP Complete
Channel Coding ARQ
Information
Theory
Stability Analysis
Fault
Tolerance
Entropy
Coding
Theory
Fault Check and Alarm
Stochastic
Theory
Berlecamp-Massey
Bayesian Theory
Algorithm
Viterbi ML Algorithm
Fast Calculation
Algorithm
Game Theory
Booph-Barger Algorithm
Linear Programming,
Newton Algorithm
Revinson-Daubin Algorithm
System
Engineering
Karman Filter
Wiener Filter
Digital Signal
Processing
Adaptive Filter
LMS, RLS Algorithm
Algorithm Theory
Enhanced Study Algorithm
Commonality between communication and control theories must be useful to
make common dependable theories and technologies.
Submission
Slide 10
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Interdisciplinary Works between Controlling
and Communication Theories
1. Conventional controlling theory mostly focuses on
stability in systems but does not care of
transmission errors in a wireless channel but focus
on stability of controlling.
2. Conventional communication theory or information
theory focuses on transmission errors but does not
care of different importance or priority of each
information segment.
We must merge Controlling and Communication
Theories back for Dependable M2M Controlling.
Submission
Slide 11
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
M2M Controlling Communication Different from
Usual Human-Base Communication
Application
Intelligence
Intelligence
Intelligence
Intelligence
Transceiver
Transceiver
Transceiver has no need/intelligence to understand the meaning
of the application in a usual Human-base communications.
Submission
Slide 12
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
M2M Controlling Communication Different from
Usual Human-base Communication
Intelligence
Intelligence
Intelligence
Intelligence
Transceiver
Application
Transceiver
Dependable Wireless M2M communications for controlling needs
intelligence to understand the aim and the meaning of the
application between Source and Destination.
Cognitive Radio or Beyond Cognitive Radio
Submission
Slide 13
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Necessary Technical Requirements
• After defining dependability in network, we need to find
reasonable technologies to satisfy requirements.
• Application Layers:
– Information Security: Encryption and Authentication
• Network Layers:
– Redundant Routing: Parallel, Relay or Multi-hop
– Network Coding
• Date Link & MAC Layers:
– Non-opportunistic and reliable, secure MAC protocols
• Physical Layers:
– Diversity technologies in time, frequency and space domains
– Channel coding for error-controlling, Hybrid ARQ, Space-Time
Coding etc.
– Modulation Schemes; Multi-Carrier, Single Carrier
Submission
Slide 14
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
PHY Technologies for Enhanced
Dependability
1. Spread Spectrum (CDMA, Radar)
2. Adaptive Array Antenna(Smart Antenna, MIMO, SpaceTime Coding, Collaborating Beamforming)
3. Diversity (Space, Time, and Frequency Domains)
4. Multi-band, Multi-Carrier(OFDM), Multi-Code
5.Coding(Turbo Coding and Decoding, LDPC, Space-Time
Coding, Network Coding )
6. Software Reconfigurable Radio（SDR:Software Defined
Radio), E2R(End-to-End Configurability),
7. Cognitive Radio & Network
8. Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Radio
9. Collaborative Communications and Sensing
10. Physical Layer Security
Submission
Slide 15
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
July 2016
Higher Layers Technologies for Enhanced
Dependability
1. Contention Free Protocol in MAC (TDMA, Polling, Hybrid
CFP & CAP etc.)
2. ARQ and Hybrid ARQ in Data Link (Type I, II)
combination of transmission and storage(buffering)
3. Parallel Routing (Risk Diversity) and Network Coding in
network architecture
4. Fault Tolerant Network (Redundant Link and Parallel
Hopping) and Cognitive Networking
5. Encryption and Authentication in Application Layer
(AES, Camellia, Secret Sharing)
Submission
Slide 16
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Cross Layer & Multi-Layer Optimization for
Enhanced Dependability in Wireless Links
Information Security(Encryption and
Authentication, User Friendly Interface ・・・
Application Layer：
Integrated Wired & Wireless Network
Architecture, Network Security(IP SEC) ・・・
Network Layer：
Priority Access Control, Fault Tolerant
Routing, ARQ, Hybrid ARQ, Distributed Resource
Management, ・・・
Data Link & MAC Layer：
: Cognitive, Reconfigurable, Adaptive, Robust
Physical Layer
Radio, Error-Controlling Coding, Space-Time
Diversity, Equalization, Coded Modulation, ・・・
Device/ Electronics Layer: Tamper Free Hardware, Robust
Packaging, SoC, SOP, On-chip CODEC for channel
Coding and Encryption・・
Submission
Slide 17
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)
Joint Optimization of Multi Layers
Dependable Wireless with
Less Power Consumption & Robustness
July 2016
doc.: IEEE 15-16-0517-00-0dep
Remarks
• Technical requirement for enhanced dependability in
wireless links should be reasonably available in
implementing hardware and software of this standard.
• To guarantee enhanced dependability, technologies
in multiple layers should be jointly optimized while
commonality between communication and controlling
theories could be taken into account for machine
centric communications such as M2M applications.
• Feasibility of implementing this standard should be
confirmed by available technologies.
Submission
Slide 18
Ryuji Kohno(YNU/CWC-Nippon)
)