Semester Review Physics - Page 1 of 5
Graphing Motion and Acceleration:
1. What does slope represent on a displacement vs time graph? Average speed
2. What does slope represent on a velocity vs time graph? Average acceleration
3. Draw displacement and velocity graphs showing constant motion, no motion, and acceleration.
4. Identify the following as scalar or vector quantities:
36° C_S__
15 cm_S__ 5mph south__V__
+15m/s2__V__ 61 km/hr __S__
5. What 3 controls in an automobile can change acceleration? accelerator, brake, steering wheel
6. What does positive and negative mean in relationship to velocity (ex. +5 m/s vs -5m/s?)
+ increasing; - decreasing
7. What is the difference between average velocity, constant velocity, and instantaneous velocity?
Average is throughout the entire motion, constant is unchanging, instantaneous is at that moment
8. A golf ball and a ping pong ball are dropped from the same height while standing on the moon. Which
one lands first? (The moon has no atmosphere, it is a vacuum) They land at the same time.
9. A student has two darts at the same height. She simultaneously drops one as she shoots the other one
horizontal to the ground. Describe the airtime for each dart. (Ignore air resistance) They are the same
because of the acceleration due to gravity.
10. What factor(s) will increase distance of a projectile thrown horizontally? Horizontal velocity and angle
of throw
11. What factor(s) will increase airtime of a projectile thrown horizontally? Angle of throw and horizontal
velocity
12. Describe the relative velocity and acceleration of a ball as it is thrown into the air and drops to the
ground. The ball will increase it’s velocity at a rate of 9.8 m/s each second that it is falling which is the
acceleration due to gravity; 9.8m/s2.
13. When do you use 9.8 m/s2 for a? When an object is falling or going straight up.
Displacement-Time Graph
500
displacement (meters)
400
B
C
300
200
100
0
D
A
Series1
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
time (seconds)
Velocity (m/s)
Refer to graph above describing a car in motion and answer the following:
a. What is the velocity of a car during the first 20seconds? (include units) 300m/20s= 15m/s
b. What is the slope of segment CD? (include units) -300m/40s= -7.5m/s
c. What is the motion of the car during time 20s to time 60s? no motion
d. Which segment represents the greatest velocity? AB
Velocity vs. Time
14. Refer to graph above describing a car in motion and answer the
following:
6
a. What does a line with a positive slope indicate on this
4
graph? Positive acceleration
2
b. What would a line with a negative slope indicate on this
graph? Deceleration or negative acceleration
0
c. What is the slope of the line shown (include units)
-2
6m/s/8sec= 0.75m/s2
15. You start from home and walk 7 blocks east. You turn around and
walk 3 blocks back towards your house. What is your distance? 10
blocks. What is your displacement in respect to your house? 4 blocks
east. Can distance and displacement ever be the same magnitude?
Yes when the object or person does not change direction.
-4
-6
0
5
Time (s)
10
Semester Review Physics - Page 2 of 5
16. A snail crawls 1.47 cm in 95 seconds. What distance did the snail crawl? 1.47 cm or 0.0147m
17. A truck enters the freeway at a velocity of 5.5 m/s and increases its velocity to 14.6 m/s in a time span
of 35 seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the truck. (14.6m/s-5.5m/s)/35s= 0.26m/s2
18. A runner starts from rest and accelerates at a constant rate of .58 m/s2 for a distance of 25 meters. What
was the runner’s final velocity? vf2=vi2+2ad vf2=0+2(0.58)(25) √ vf2=√29 vf=5.39m/s
19. A truck enters the freeway at a velocity of 5.5 m/s and accelerates at a constant rate of .78 m/s2 for a
period of 18 seconds. What was the trucks final velocity? Vf=0.78m/s2(18s)+5.5m/s=19.54m/s
20. A motorcycle is traveling at 9.6 m/s and accelerates uniformly to 15.8 m/s during a 10 second interval.
What is the total distance traveled by the motorcycle? a=(15.8m/s-9.6m/s)/10s=0.62m/s2;
d=9.6m/s(10s)+.5(0.62m/s2)(10s)2=127m
21. A stone is dropped from a bridge. How far does the stone fall after 5 sec? d=.5(9.8m/s2)(5s)2=122.5 m
22. You stand at the top of a cliff 88.5 meters above the ground. You drop a ball straight downward. How
many seconds does it take for the ball to hit the ground? t=√2(88.5m)/9.8m/s2=4.25s
23. What are the units for speed? m/s; km/hr; cm/s; lightyear/century
24. How do you define speed? Speed is the total distance traveled in a given amount of time.
25. What is the equation to calculate speed? s=d/t
26. How can you define acceleration? Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes.
27. What are the units for acceleration? m/s2; m/s/s
28. What are the equations you can use to calculate speed? s=d/t; acceleration equations
29. When we say, “an object accelerates at 10 m/s2 “, what does that mean? The objects speed increases by
10m/s each second it is in motion.
a. How fast is the object going if it begins falling at zero m/s after 1 second? 10m/s
b. 2 seconds? 20m/s
c. 5 seconds? 50m/s
30. What would the speed of an object thrown straight up at 40m/s be:
a. After 2 seconds? 20.4m/s
b. After 8 seconds? 40m/s
31. What is the speed of the object thrown straight up at the top of its path? 0m/s
32. What is the acceleration of the object thrown straight up at the top of its path? 9.8m/s2
33. If an object were thrown straight up at a speed of 20 m/s, how long would it take to:
a. Reach the top? 2 seconds
b. To return to the bottom? 2 seconds
c. How long would the whole trip take? 4 seconds
34. What would the hang time be for an athlete that can jump .6 meters?
t=√(2(0.6m)/9.8m/s2)=0.35s*2=0.7s
35. What distance would an athlete have jumped if he had a hang time of .7 seconds?
d=.5(9.8m/s2)(.7s/2)2=0.6m
36. If Starbucks is 10 miles away and it takes me .1 hours to arrive, what average speed did I go to get
there? s=10miles/0.1hrs=100miles/hr
37. If I drive 50 miles per hour and the nearest Starbucks is 5 miles away, how long will it take before I can
get a latte? t=5miles/50mi/hr=0.1hr
38. If it took 10 seconds at a speed of 20 m/s to reach an object, how far away was the object?
d=20m/s*10s=200m
39. An object in freefall is moving at a speed of 60 m/s, how long has it been falling?
t=60m/s/9.8m/s2=6.12s
40. An object has been falling for 7.5 seconds, how fast is it going? v=9.8m/s2(7.5s)=73.5m/s
41. If a ball rolls at 2 m/s for 1 second, and then moves 4 m/s after 2 seconds, what is its
acceleration?a=(4m/s-2m/s)/2s=1m/s2
42. An object accelerates at 4 m/s2 , how much time does it need to get to a speed of 16 m/s?
t=(16m/s-0m/s)/4m/s2=4seconds
43. How fast are you moving relative to the earth? 0m/s To the sun? 100,000km/hr
44. If you drop a sheet of paper and a book, in the absence of air resistance, which will land first? They land
at the same time.
45. If you drop a sheet of paper and a book, in the presence of air resistance, which will land first? The
book.
46. What part of my car shows instantaneous speed? speedometer
47. Given a right triangle below:
What
is Y? Y=√(162-142)=7.75
16
Y

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Semester Review Physics - Page 3 of 5
48. A riverboat travels 25 mph in still water. The riverboat is heading west across a river. The current of
the river is 14 mph towards the south. What it the magnitude of the riverboat’s velocity in respect to the
starting point? c=√((25mi/hr)2+(14mi/hr)2=28.65mi/hr
Laws of Motion and Forces:
1. Gravity causes objects to accelerate at _9.8__m/s2 toward the ground.
2. Newton’s 2nd Law says that force and acceleration are
A.
directly related.
B.
inversely related.
C.
not related.
3. Newton’s 1st law says that an object in motion will continue to move at a ___constant____ velocity until
acted upon by an outside force.
4. A car hits a bug with a force of 50 N. With what force does the bug hit the car? __50N___.
5. If all of the forces on an object are balanced, then the net force on the object is ____0 N.
6. If all of the forces on an object are balanced, then this is a situation where Newton’s ___1st__ Law applies.
7. The Normal force is usually the same size as the __gravitational or weight____ force.
8. True or False: An object experiencing a net force of zero must be stationary. Explain your answer. False
because an object with a constant velocity will not have an acceleration but will be moving with a net force of 0.
9. True or False: The more mass an object has the more inertia it exhibits. True
10. Which of the following does not describes friction?
A. friction depends on the texture of the surfaces in contact
B. friction opposes motion
C. force of friction decreases as mass increases
D. friction involves the contact of two surfaces
11. Which of the following best describes the force when an elevator car accelerates upward? Circle the correct
answer.
A. the FT is greater
B. the FW is greater
C. the FT equals the FW
12. Which of the following best describes the force when an elevator car moves downward with a constant
velocity? Circle the correct answer.
A. the FT is greater
B. the FW is greater
C. the FT equals the FW
13. A crate has a weight of 56 N. What is the mass of the crate? 56/9.8=5.71 kg
14. To accelerate at 300 m/s2 what size force has to be applied to a 60 kg rock? F=ma60(300)=18000N
15. An object is acted on with 45N of force to the left and 30N of force to the right. Draw a free body diagram
and give the net force on the object.
45 N
30 N
FNet=45-30=15 N
16. A clothesline holds 50N of laundry. The laundry is suspended in the center of the line with both ropes at
equal angels. What is the tension in each line? 25 N
17. How does inertia apply to planetary orbit? What would happen if gravity disappeared? Newton’s First Law:
An object in motion or an object at rest maintain their states of motion unless acted upon by an outside force. If
gravity disappeared the planets would no longer be in orbit, they would travel in straight paths.
18. What is less, your weight on the Earth or your weight on the moon? Weight on the moon.
19. What is less, your mass on the Earth or your mass on the moon? Same mass.
20. If you are pulling a wagon and you increase your force by a magnitude of four, what happens to your
acceleration? To your mass? Acceleration increases by a magnitude of four. Mass stays the same.
21. A skater with a mass of 65 kg races across the ice with a velocity of 4 m/s. A zamboni is in the way and the
skater tries to stop. It takes the skater 5 seconds to come to a complete stop. What was the magnitude of the net
force? Ignore forces due to friction. a=(0m/s-4m/s)/5s=-0.8m/s2; F=65kg(-0.8m/s2)=-52N
22. A box with a mass of 4kg is being dragged to the right with a force of 25 N. The frictional force opposing
the motion is 10 N. What is the acceleration of the box? FNet=25-10=15N, 15=4a  a=3.75m/s2
Scientific Notation:
Write the following in correct scientific notation:
1. 346,000m
3.46x105
2. 0.0678 kg
6.78x10-2
3. 523,000,000,000 N 5.23x1011
4. 0.000000412 g 4.2x10-7
Write the following in normal numbers:
1. 7.21 x 105 721,000
2. 8.22 x 10-3 0.0082
3. 2.00 x 1012 2,000,000,000,000
Semester Review Physics - Page 4 of 5
2
4. 1.38 x 10 138
Do the following practice problems recording your answer using scientific notation:
1. (7.48 x 10-4 )2 5.595x10-7
2. (4.67 x 10-11 ) / (1.38 x 1012)2 2.45x10-35
3. (4.67 x 10-11 )2 / (1.38 x 1012) 1.58x10-33
Universal Gravitation:
1. A lifeguard twirls her whistle at the end of her lanyard. What forces are acting on the whistle? Are the
forces acting on the whistle balanced? Gravity, and Tension Force acting as Centripetal force. The forces are
balanced if the whistle is moving at a constant velocity.
2. Refer to the formula for Universal Gravitation:
a. What happens to gravitational force if the mass of one object is doubled? Tripled? The gravitational force is
doubled. The gravitational force is tripled.
b. What happens to gravitational force if the distance between the objects is doubled? Tripled? Follows inverse
square law. If distance doubled, gravitational force would be ¼ as much. If tripled, gravitational force would be
1/9 as much.
3. A person has a mass of 60 kg. Using the formula for Universal Gravitation, the F describes the
persons’gravitational force.
4. The mass of the sun is 1.99 x 1030 kg. The mass of the moon is 7.35 x 1022 kg. The average distance
between them is 3.84 x 108 m. What is the gravitational attraction between moon and the sun?
F=(6.67x10-11)(1.99x1030)(7.35x1022)/(3.84x108)2  F=6.62x1025N
Projectile Motion:
1. An arrow is launched at an angle with an initial horizontal speed of 15 m/s and an initial vertical speed of 12
m/s. It is in the air for a total of 3 seconds. What distance did the arrow travel horizontally?
v=d/t15=d/3d=45m
2. What happens when you increase launch angle of a projectile from 45 degrees to 60 degrees? Vertically?
Vertically the height the object reaches increases as you increase the launch angle. Horizontally? Horizontally,
the distance the object travels decreases.
3. The horizontal component of a projectile’s velocity is independent of
a. the vertical component of its velocity.
b. the range of the projectile.
c. time.
4. A ball is thrown into the air at some angle between 10 degrees and 90 degrees. At the very top of the ball’s path,
its velocity is
a. entirely vertical.
b. entirely horizontal.
c. both vertical and horizontal.
d. There’s not enough information given to determine.
5. A vector is a quantity that has
a. magnitude and time.
b. magnitude and direction.
c. time and direction.
Circular Motion:
1. Why do things move in a circle? Due to Centripetal Force.
2. Does a child on a merry go round rotate or revolve around the axis of the merry go round? Revolve-the axis
is exterior to the child.
3. What is linear speed? The straight distance an object travels over a given period of time.
4. What is tangential speed? Tangential speed is speed of an object moving in a circular path that is always
tangent to the center of the circle.
5. Draw and relate the speed of an object on a record placed 1” from the axis and another placed 4” from the
axis. v=2πr/T the object that is further from the center has a larger velocity because its radius is larger.
6. If a string that holds a whirling can breaks, what causes the can to move in a straight line path – centripetal
force, centrifugal force or lack of force?
7. What is the radius of an automobile tire that turns with a frequency of 11 Hz and has a linear speed of 20.0
m/s? T=1/f T=1/11=0.090
v=2πr/T20=2πr/0.090r=0.289m
8. Jessica is riding on a merry-go-round on an outer horse that sits at a distance of 8.0 m from the center of the
ride. Jessica’s sister, Julie, is on an inner horse located 6.0 m from the ride’s center. The merry-go-round turns
around once every 40.0 s. a) Explain which girl is moving with the greater linear speed.
vJessica=2π8/40vJessica=1.26m/s vJulie=2π6/40vJulie=0.94 m/s
b) What is the centripetal acceleration of Julie and her horse? ac=v2/r(0.94)2/6ac=0.147m/s2
Semester Review Physics - Page 5 of 5
Momentum & Energy:
1. Where does a roller coaster have the most potential energy? Kinetic energy? Most potential energy:
When the roller coaster car is located at the highest point of the roller coaster. Most kinetic energy:
When the car is moving the fastest-usually at the lowest point of the roller coaster.
2. If you exert a 5 N force to push a desk 10 m across the room in 10 s, how much work is done?
W=FdW=5x10W=50J
3. What two factors must be present when work is done? Give an example of when no work is performed?
A force applied over a distance. Example of no work: Holding an object motionless in the air, walking
forward while holding an object motionless in your hands.
4. It takes 10 N of force to push a 4 kg cart a distance of 3 m. If there is 3 N of friction between the cart
and the floor, how much work is done? FNet=10-3=7N W=FdW=(7)3W=21 J
5. What is the potential energy of a 65 kg person at the top of a 5 m flight of stairs? PE=mgh,
PE=65(9.8)5=3185 J
6. What is the law of conservation of energy? Energy is not created or destroyed only transformed/changed
into different forms.
7. Give an example of how the law would be shown in a flashlight. Chemical Energy is
BatteryElectrical EnergyLight and Heat Energy. Total Chemical Energy=Total Light and heat
energy.
8. How much work is done when an elevator lifts a 500 kg mass 4.5 m? W=FdW=(500x9.8)4.5=22050 J
9. How much power is done if the same elevator completes the task in 5 seconds?
P=W/tP=22050/5=4410 Watts
10. A 10 kg cart is pushed 5 m and a 5 kg cart is pushed 10 m. How does the work done on each object
compare? W=(10x9.8)5=490 J W=(5x9.8)10=490 J The work done on each object is the same.
11. If the 10 kg cart is moved in 3 seconds and the 5 kg cart takes 2 seconds, how does their work compare?
Their power? The work remains the same. The Power for the 10kg cart is 490/3=163.3 Watts. The
Power for the 5kg cart is 490/2=245 Watts.
12. What is the power rating of an object moved 15 m in 3 seconds if it weighs 40 kg?
P=W/t(40x9.8)15/3P=1960 Watts.
13. On April 15, 1912, the luxury cruiseliner Titanic sank after running into an iceberg. a) What momentum
would the 4.23 _ 108-kg ship have imparted to the iceberg if it had hit the iceberg head-on with a speed
of 11.6 m/s? (Actually, the impact was a glancing blow.)
p=mv(4.23x108x11.6)p=4,906,800,000 kg(m/s)
Vocabulary
Revolution
Units:
Frame of Reference
Tangential velocity
Distance
Speed
Linear speed
Displacement
Average speed
Rotational speed
Time
Instantaneous speed
Circular motion
Mass
Velocity
Gravitational force
Velocity
Distance
Newton
Acceleration
Displacement
Centripetal Velocity
Force
Average velocity
Centripetal Acceleration
Power
Constant velocity
Work
Work
Instantaneous velocity
Power
Kinetic energy
Acceleration
Rate
Potential energy
Average Acceleration
Energy
Momentum
Constant Acceleration
Kinetic Energy
Impulse
Instantaneous Acceleration
Potential Energy
Freefall
Mechanical Energy
Constants:
Vector resolution
Momentum
a or g – gravity due to
Trajectory
Impulse
acceleration
Resultant
Elastic collision
G – Universal gravitational
Vector
Inelastic collision
constant
Scalar quantity
Law of Conservation of Energy
Vector quantity
Law of Conservation of
Vector components
Momentum
Force
Work Energy Theorem
Magnitude
Free body diagram
Inertia
Friction
Net force
Normal force
Rotation