SWAHILI FORUM
Edited by Rose Marie Beck, Lutz Diegner, Clarissa Dittemer, Thomas Geider, Uta
ReusterJahn
SPECIAL ISSUE
THE POETICS AND SOCIOLOGY OF A YOUNG URBAN STYLE OF SPEAKING
WITH A DICTIONARY COMPRISING WORDS AND PHRASES
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
Uta ReusterJahn amp Roland Kieling
Department of Anthropology and African Studies Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,
Germany
ISSN
SWAHILI FORUM SPECIAL ISSUE LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
Content
. Introduction Lugha ya Mitaani . History of colloquial nonstandard Swahili speech forms .
Special forms of Lugha ya Mitaani .. Campus Swahili .. Secret codes derived from Swahili ..
Lugha ya vijana wa vijiweni .. The language of daladalas . Overview of the article .
Methodology . Field research . Acknowledgements . The making of the dictionary .
Sociolinguistics of Lugha ya Mitaani . Lugha ya Mitaani as youth language . Knowledge, use
and attitudes . Diachronic aspects of Lugha ya Mitaani . Lexical elaboration . Humans and
social relations .. Humans .. Women .. Men .. Homosexuals
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING .. Social relationship .. Social status .
Communication . Body amp Appearance . Economy, Money amp Occupation . Sex . Drugs
amp Alcohol . Movement amp Vehicles . Evaluative terms . Experience . Trouble amp
Violence . Crime amp Police . Food . Disease . Geography amp Place . Education . Sports .
Weapons . Cultural innovation . Time . The poetic making of Lugha ya Mitaani . Hyperbole
and dysphemism . Humoristic effects . Metaphors
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA . Cognitive motivation . Onomastic synecdoche .
Multiple semantic extensions . Folk etymologies . Phraseologisms . Manipulations of form .
Donor languages . The construction of youth identities in discourse practice . Lugha ya
Mitaani and the media . Lugha ya Mitaani in a historical perspective . Lugha ya Mitaani in
contrast to other phenomena of language birth .. Pidginisation and creolisation ..
Codeswitching .. Lugha ya Mitaani and Sheng . Semantic change . Sociosymbolic change .
Conclusion Abbreviations Bibliography Appendix Lugha ya Mitaani texts written by John
Degera Appendix Diachronic change in the campus lexicon at Teacher Training College
Nachingwea Appendix Dictionary of Lugha ya Mitaani
Khamis. while Standard Swahili was taught in schools and written Central thoughts of this
paper were presented to the audience of the th Swahili Colloquium in Bayreuth. Clarissa
Dittemer. in literature.. One of the latest chapters in its history is the standardisation and
implementation as national and official language in Tanzania after independence. Mikhail
Gromov. The slogan in the title is taken from Dola Soul on the cassette Ndani ya Bongo by II
Proud . Rose Marie Beck. but is increasingly observed in town areas also for families where
both parents share the same mothertongue. cited after Gesthuizen amp Haas . and Farouk
Topan. Whiteley .SWAHILI FORUM SPECIAL ISSUE LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA THE POETICS AND SOCIOLOGY OF A YOUNG
URBAN STYLE OF SPEAKING WITH A DICTIONARY COMPRISING WORDS AND
PHRASES UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Na ukweli si uongo ndani ya
Bongo tumia ubongo.. Nurse amp Spear . Khalid . Ridder Samsom.M. Introduction Lugha ya
Mitaani . . Special thanks for illuminating remarks and encouragement to Mohamed
Abdulaziz. This does not only apply to ethnically mixed marriages. The language issue was
given high priority by the government since it was considered a crucial factor in the process
of nation building. Ralf Groerhode. Especially in urban areas Swahili is more and more
becoming the first language of children. It can be said that the language policy has been
successful in making Swahili the common language of Tanzanians. The National Swahili
Council was given the task of further developing as well as guarding the standard form in
textbooks for schools. Shariff . in music texts. . and Maria Suriano for contributing a few
items to the dictionary. Said A. Omar Babu Marjan.. and in radio and television broadcasting.
History of colloquial nonstandard Swahili speech forms Swahili has been moulded in a long
process by many factors over many centuries Chiraghdin amp Mnyampala . and it means
and the truth is not a lie in Dar es Salaam use your brains. . However. We also wish to thank
our colleagues Lutz Diegner for valuable and extensive comments on a draft version of this
paper.
pressure. which shows that a number of words have now become acknowledged as part of
the standard language. In . using the plural to point to the fact that there exists a whole range
of varieties of nonstandard language. Some elements of LzM also gradually become
unmarked and diffuse into the normal language. where they more or less persist. Evidence
for this process can be obtained by comparing the first and second edition of the Kamusi ya
Kiswahili Sanifu Dictionary of Standard Swahili. Since we acknowledge the existence of
variants. It is not at all clear in which way the LzM are related to each other. TUKI and . and
we hope that our work will prepare the ground for further. whereas we will apply the term
Lugha za Mitaani henceforth abbreviated LzM when we speak of the complex of variants. R.
many people in Tanzania speak of lugha za mitaani languages of the town quarters. Kihore .
Sengo before . Little research has been done on the complex of these locally coloured
colloquial Swahili variants. but it seems also probable that it is SS msimu season. In most
cases. we will use Lugha ya Mitaani henceforth abbreviated LyM to denote the phenomenon
as such. Gower reported the existence of Swahili slang. referring to the seasonal character
of Lugha ya mitaani lexemes. according to his observations was born in towns with young
men being the most prolific manufacturers of slang . based on fieldwork carried out between
the s and the beginning of the s . This might be the case with the language of subcultural
groups. Ohly makes a similar statement with respect to Standard colloquial language a . In .
According to Ohly msimu is derived from simulizi. We suppose that there is a continuum
between register and sociolect.Y. more detailed studies. Obviously. confusion. and some
eventually become part of the standard language. This is confirmed by ReusterJahn who
often encountered this expression while living in Tanzania between and . or kasheshe
mayhem. and data collected by himself between and Ohly a . especially when she was
asking for the meaning of colloquialisms. however. economic. instead he uses the
sociolinguistic terms usemi wa mitaani style of speaking at the town quarters and msimu to
denote slang Ohly a .H. Recently. The more recent development of lugha za mitaani reflects
very much the social. LzM are used as a register in certain informal situations. for instance
mchecheto worries. Yared Kihore also recognises diversity when speaking of vilugha
vinavyojulikana kama Kiswahili cha mitaani local languages known as Kiswahili cha mitaani.
In the eighties it was common to call colloquial forms of Swahili lugha ya mitaani language of
the town quarters. changudoa prostitute. people in town quarters where Swahili was spoken
developed and used a colloquial style of speech by enriching the standard form with slang
expressions and lexemes. depending on local and social factors. Most probably there are
varieties which can be labelled sociolects. .S. he was not familiar with the expression Lugha
ya Mitaani. and political liberalisation in Tanzania. Rajmund Ohly published a slang dictionary
with an introduction. or street languages.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING in
books and newspapers. or street language . Ohly used data collected in the s and published
in the journal Swahili. which. data collected by T. which started in the late s.
e.himself having grown up in Dar es Salaam and now a university student . A fundamental
prerequisite for the flourishing of LzM is the fact. and seems to be the jargon of fashionable
youngsters. In older forms. Kieling . This property is characteristic of urban youth languages
in general Androutsopoulos amp Scholz and in Africa in particular Kieling amp Mous . the
use of English idiomatic expressions serves as a mark of worldliness..LUGHA YA MITAANI
IN TANZANIA In . Kube . of being young and daring. lugha za mitaani until the s were almost
free of English. appearing in most of the urban areas of present day Tanzania. Iscamtho
Childs .gave the following statement concerning LyM . a complex of Englishinterfered
Kiswahili variants. we reject the notion that English elements are constitutive for Lugha ya
Mitaani. However. Camfranglais Stein in progress. The primary characteristic of lugha za
mitaani in general is that they deviate from Standard Kiswahili by their special lexicon which
is in a constant process of rapid renovation. While it is true that recent LyMvariants of Swahili
are interspersed with mostly idiomatic English expressions. Looking into the linguistic
makeup. Mazrui . This is done by way of deliberate manipulation of existing lexical items.
The youths are aware of creating new lexical items and they are fond of doing so. which are
constantly being renovated by strategies of deliberate manipulation. Blommaert referred to
the phenomenon of nonstandard forms of speech as Kiswahili cha mitaani. drawing heavily
on the ludic function of language Crystal . and they have become dominant in recent years in
the creative process of coining terms and expressions as well as transferring items from
English. One of our informants and user of LyM . J. As Blommaert puts it. as an expression
of an attitude of jocular and provocative violation of linguistic norms. Indoubil Goyvaerts .
Moga amp Fee . which often originate in the slang of some subculturural group in America or
elsewhere. As Ohly emphasizes in respect to Swahili slang Proficiency enables the proper
employment of slang. Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Nouchi Kouadio Ngessan . English interferences
are mostly idiomatic in nature and are heavily integrated. It is assumed to be the medium of
popular amusement through music and comic books. Here.. Presumably even in former
times the most creative agents in forming LyM were youths. but it is full competence in
Swahili which makes it possible to creatively coin slang expressions a . It is a recent trend in
colloquial speech practice in Tanzania to blend Swahili with English terms and expressions in
order to demonstrate being up to date in a globalised world. it deviates from Standard
Kiswahili in its lexicon and its phrasemes idiomatic expressions. Chia amp Gerbault . Sheng
Abdulaziz amp Osinde . but a sociolect or register of Kiswahili. it is quite clear that Lugha ya
Mitaani is not an independent language.g. There is an element of playful competition to it.
since it has a Kiswahili grammar. which he characterised as . that Swahili has truly become
the primary language of its speakers. and especially in areas distant from the urban centres
and outside university and college campuses. It is definitely derived from Kiswahili.
lugha ya mitaani si lugha ambayo inajitegemea. as Ohly has already noted with respect to
Swahili slang .e. Kiswahili fasaha is described as Swahili as it is taught at school. The view
that it is the language of hooligans has changed to seeing it as the language of youths in the
towns. mlugaluga. The use of Lugha ya Mitaani in the media has only been possible after
private media were allowed in the early s. Kwa maana hiyo basi hadhi ya lugha ya mitaani
kwa sasa inakuwa kubwa sana. Matumizi ya neno hili lugha ya mitaani yameanza muda
mrefu. video. kwa Kiingereza tafsiri yaweza kuwa street language. mgoroko. From there the
linguistic items spread very quickly into the interior and reach even remote places such as
Nachingwea Lindi region and Kurio Dodoma region.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING Kwa maoni yangu. personal communication . we have devoted a chapter of our
article to the interplay of Lugha ya Mitaani and the media see below . and as it can be found
in books.. Therefore. but the kind of use has really changed. but also the media. The English
translation can be street language. Besides that. and the yellow press contribute a lot to the
rapid diffusion of Lugha ya Mitaaniterms.. The attitude of Tanzanians towards Lugha ya
Mitaani is ambivalent. referring to rural persons who are conceived as neither knowing whats
going on in town nor knowing the language used there. except by Swahili scholars. Ohly . Ali
Nkoma. To different degrees they . Kutoka mtazamo kwamba ni lugha ya wahuni. that
contributes to its power Kihore . Dar es Salaam. This not only provided a large audience to
Lugha ya Mitaani. mbushi. mjombamjomba. where we conducted our research. sasa
imekuwa zaidi lugha ya vijana wa mijini.. Special forms of Lugha ya Mitaani The complex of
local Lugha za Mitaani is made up of geographically and socially indexed variants which
deviate more or less from each other. especially music. Kiswahili sanifu Standard Swahili is
rarely used in contrast to LyM. Especially in rural areas and by older people it is seen as
uchafuzi wa lugha language pollution used by wahuni bachelors and hooligans. and
yeboyebo for a discussion of these terms see . The use of this word LyM started long ago.
Translation by URJ Our lexicographic research shows that in lugha za mitaani there is a
range of pejorative terms such as kinabo. i. lakini namna ya matumizi haswa ndiyo
yamebadilika. In this respect the prestige of Lugha ya Mitaani is becoming very high now.
The remarkably high mobility of the youth in Tanzania plays a crucial role in this process.
radio. alluding to the fact that Dar es Salaam is the centre of linguistic creativity. Beside
Lugha ya Mitaani one can also hear the term Kibongo language of Bongo. but also facilitated
its visual representation in print. which is seen as rather bookish cf. some special codes can
be identified which are connected to Standard Swahili in various ways. . In my view LyM is
not an independent language. In Tanzanian discourse lugha ya mitaani is contrasted with
lugha fasaha literary language or Kiswahili fasaha literary Swahili. The geographical centre of
the ongoing creation and recreation of linguistic elements is Dar es Salaam. mporipori.
Others recognise Lugha ya Mitaani as enriching Standard Swahili.
as the groups who use special codes are not completely closed. which poses difficulties to
the researcher. thus disguising that word. there is very little data on proper cant or criminal
argot available Ohly a . Secret codes derived from Swahili Secret activity by groups. This
style of speech is connected with the social prestige of being a member of the elite.
According to our observation. Apart from the creation of a special lexicon. however. mainly
referring to food. . where each has some terms which are confined to its campus. It could
only be obtained by participant observation. Kinyume until now has not been explored in
detail. . Very much like Verlan in France. for example. switching to English is not a prominent
feature. contributes much to disguising the source item. marked by codeswitching between
Swahili and English. places. in perfect accordance with Swahili phonotactic rules. i. Stigand
ff. Apart from being regarded as something used playfully by children Edward Steere was the
first to give a definition of Kinyume . For example. only known to insiders of the respective
group. . Campus Swahili Blommaert describes Campus Swahili as a form of mixed Swahili
used by academic personnel of the University of Dar es Salaam. they tend to mix the two
codes even in informal conversation. which is not readily recognisable for people not familiar
with this code.e. However. which requires a high degree of competence in English. by Maria
von Tiling in a footnote . and probably stimulate the linguistic creativity in certain ways. the
last syllable of each word is made the first. In Tanzania. whose main constitutive principle is
metathesis. As a result of their professional use of English. In general. Other campus codes
are created in boarding schools. and in the dictionaries by Frederick Johnson and Charles
Sacleux ..LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA are part of the linguistic context of LzM. which
he complemented by a list of specimens f. The fact that stress is placed on the penultimate
syllable also in the output form. tends to lead to the creation of secret codes. It is also
mentioned by C. some elements of criminal argot can be found in the speech of groups of
jobless young men. systematic morphological manipulation can be applied to encrypt a
message. Whether Campus Swahili can be called a form of LyM is questionable.. whether
criminal or other. the word tutampa we shall give him / her in Kinyume yields patutam.
approximately the language of talking backwards or reversed style of speaking... this variety
is not confined to the university campus but is a speech style of academics and other highly
educated people working with international organisations and firms. since it is not so much
connected to mitaa townquarters or streets. secrecy can be achieved by coining new words
or by giving new meanings to existing lexical items.H. On school campuses. there is a code
called Kinyume. teachers and students see the campus lexicon from Nachingwea Teachers
Training College in appendix .
Yuhu gunja jemaseana LyM Huyu njagu anasemaje What does this policeman say The
examples show that the order of syllables in disyllabic and trisyllabic words is completely
reversed. The following example was given by Ali Nkoma. Ngiba yonau Swahili Bangi unayo
Do you have marijuana Kendotuo twamakatuta Swahili Tuondoke tutakamatwa Lets make
off. Lugha ya vijana wa vijiweni While many newly created terms spread fast and become
adopted by wider circles. C. A variant of Kinyume was given by John Degera. to mark the
speech of the spirits of the dead in heaven . According to Degera.to every word in a
sentence. This expression refers to the Kinyume has also been used as a stylistic device in
the novel Titi la Mkwe The DaughterinLaws Breast by Alex Banzi. who gave the following
examples Aleche napi LyM Chelea pina Everythings fine. It should be noted that Kinyume is
applied to standard as well as nonstandard lexical items. the exceeding ones are left in their
normal order after the third one. there is no evidence from our data that Kinyumewords have
become part of LzM. Another way of systematic morphological manipulation forms the basis
of the Tilanguage. where kiri is suffixed to each syllable. if they use it and there is a
policeman around. he will not understand. tiulikwe tishu Ali.H. among the youths and beyond.
Further investigation would be desirable. He explains Kinyume cha maneno kwa Kiswahili
cha Mitaani ni lugha ambayo hata wakiongea police yupo hataelewa The Kinyume style of
speaking in Kiswahili cha mitaani is a language which. one of our informants from Dar es
Salaam Tia. nor whether there are other ways of systematic morphological manipulation
used for instance by children for ludic purposes. did you go to school At present. ulikwenda
shule Ali. It consists of terminal clipping plus prefixing ti. Stigand mentions Kialabi.
Conversely. we do not know the contexts in which these codes are used. Kinyume seems to
be applied by people who do not want their conversations to be overheard. some remain
confined to coregroups of mainly male youths who are known as vijana wa vijiweni. literally
youths from the stones. . .UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING of the age between
five and fourteen. this code is used to convey secret messages. one of Kielings informants.
In words made up of more than three syllables.. lest we will be arrested.
alcoholic drinks. an entertainment which is free of charge. literally hit stories. The term is not
only a metonymic extension of SS kijiwe little stone. Vijiwe are nothing new. relating to the
stones or other objects which serve as seats at the meeting place. . a shady place they have
adopted for this purpose. and he has complemented it with a list of words they use. and the
competitive aspect of showing mastery of this game. small criminal deals. Furthermore. but
because of juvenile unemployment they have become a mass phenomenon in urban areas.
Thus. In each cartoon a number of words are translated into Standard Swahili.
Letthestickdance and the languagepollutors. but the predominance of some semantic
domains in the lexicon of LyM suggests that women. The youths are between fifteen and
thirty years old. In the elections of the ruling party CCM was able to win over many youths by
making their needs a topic of its election programme. It must be noted that beside its social
function kupiga stori is entertainment. This place is also called joblesi kona corner of the
jobless. It is also a metaphor which is based on the shared property of steadiness and
immovability. unmarried. the number of youths without regular employment has risen so
much in recent years. that they have become a factor in the political debate. We have not
been able to collect data directly from conversations of vijana wa vijiweni. In fact. The kijiwe
seems to be something like the symbolic centre of the group. i. They might even go on a
misheni mission to follow small dili deals in order to get some money. The youths usually
meet in the afternoon in groups of five to ten at their kijiwe. or they go to get some booze or
smoke marijuana. The vijana wa vijiweni and their languages have long become the subject
of a cartoon in the newspaper Sani. In this book the author has made an effort to depict the
language of those youths. drugs. Part of this entertainment is the playful and jocular use of
language. which they call kupiga stori.e. Even a barber shop can become a groups kijiwe
Weiss . and the police feature as important themes. Boasting and slandering seem to be
characteristic of their conversations. which appears twice a week. Sometimes they leave the
place in order to move to the sports field to play football. It is entitled Kifimbocheza na
wachafuzi wa lugha. they pass time by chatting. and without particular occupation or job. the
novel Kijiweni Moto Hot times at the jobless corner Kusenha deals with a boy who joins
vijana wa kijiweni and gets more and more involved in criminal activities.LUGHA YA
MITAANI IN TANZANIA term for their meeting places which in the singular is kijiwe small
stone or kijiweni at the small stone.
and the konda conductor. whereas the konda handles the passengers. Their name dates
back to the time when the fare was five shillings. but there has not been done an indepth
research on it..UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Figure Youths at their kijiwe in
the outskirts of Dar es Salaam . They seem to be organised in groups whose head is called
mzungu wa reli European of the railway. Presumably there is much more of a daladala
language. but are getting a small share by the daladala personnel. It is said that many of
them are drug users. They do not work on the base of a contract. which is called pigia debe.
Each daladala is run by a team of two people. and the latter are called maiti corpses. the
suka driver. Thats why in the language of the daladala personnel the former are called
majeruhi wounded people. Pupils get a reduction of fifty percent in daladalas. as it is reported
for Nairobi Nderitu . The suka is concerned with matters relating to traffic. the buses by
metonymic extension were named daladala. . The language of daladalas The daladala
minibuses are the usual means of transport for ordinary people in Dar es Salaam. Since a
fiveshillingcoin was called dala. whereas soldiers have to pay nothing at all. Associated with
them are young men who direct the passengers to the daladalas. He collects the fare from
them and announces the stops.
The analysis focuses on form. complemented by ethnographic methods see chapter two.
Some of them are old or even obsolete. The sixth chapter widens the scope and elaborates
on how LyM constitutes juvenile routines of communication which serve the youth to create
their identity at discourse level. Regarding its form. As a rule.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA . while items have . In close connection to this. while the fifth chapter takes the
opposite view looking into the strategies which are employed at various structural levels to
create LyM neologisms. Colloquials are as well represented as specific items used in certain
youth groups like. why do they deviate What kinds of meaning do they have to their users A
clue to the answer would be to look at who uses a certain variety in what kinds of contexts to
communicate what message. only those items have been included that were confirmed by at
least two informants or found in print. The eighth chapter finally discusses LyM from a
comparative sociolinguistic point of view how do the findings relate to the general picture of
phenomena of language birth in Africa and to the emergence of youth languages in particular
In what way are Lugha za Mitaani different and why The article is supplemented by a LyM
dictionary which contains more than words and phraseologisms. mediation and general
comparative sociolinguistic issues of Lugha ya Mitaani. for example. Information on
timedepth and frequency or restrictions of use is given wherever data were available.
Therefore. Some are well established or on the verge of becoming part of Standard Swahili.
It contains what our informants perceived as LyM. Some are offensive. others are more
restricted to certain groups. albeit still recognisably relating to the old meaning given by Ohly.
Transfers from other languages. A substantial part of the field research was lexicographic in
nature. audio or video sources. especially English. it is not devoted to one single variety of
LyM. function. the seventh chapter deals with the utilisation of LyM in mediated discourse
and how LyM is used as an expressive resource in medial reflection of reality. others are
brandnew. The fourth chapter looks into lexical elaboration from the onomasiological angle.
others are rather rare. A number of these items n have already been attested in the Swahili
Slang dictionary by Rajmund Ohly a part of them n have undergone further semantic shift. i.
in the third chapter we present the general sociolinguistic profile of LyM as a young urban
style of speaking. many are not. trying to grasp the poetic spirits which resides in the lexical
creations of LyM. it identifies those domains of preoccupation which are predominantly
subject to juvenile elaboration in LyM. but presents a conglomerate of words and
expressions. Some are known by a majority of Swahili speakers.e. Overview of the article
This article is based on research conducted in Tanzania between and and approaches the
phenomenon of Lugha ya Mitaani from different angles. what are the linguistic features of
this style of speaking Where do Lugha za Mitaanii deviate from Standard Kiswahili Regarding
their functions. students. How does its form reflect its functions Thus. are as well to be found
as manipulations of Swahili words.
Accordingly. and lyrics of popular music.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING
retained the meaning in Ohly a and items seem to have acquired a completely different
meaning. All these examples were elicited from informants or extracted from texts in
newspapers. Field research In our research we used a lexicographic approach
complemented by ethnolinguistic methods. At that point Uta ReusterJahn joined the
research. as well as the use of LyM in discourse. novels. . all from Kurio Kondoa District.g.
For each lexical item we give at least one example of its use. . . with etymological
explanations and authentic sentences meant to illustrate the lexical items in use. This does
not only reflect authentic discourse to some extent. and speakers evaluation. Germany.
Methodology . and rural vs. Roga Kamilus Degera. . Our data was collected in multiphase
and cooperative research. Not only the lexical items are important. Novatus Henrico
Tiigelerwa and Melkiades. His principal informants were John Degera.not only popular ones .
gender. many of the entries needed confirmation by more informants as well as more
etymological and context information . Kieling also incorporated lexical items from the
internet and other sources e. However. occupation. That means that we did not only collect
lexical items but also investigated etymologies. Gesthuizen amp Haas . Bhme . education.
Since it was not possible to obtain authentic oral discourse he collected texts and letters
initiated by his informants themselves who felt inspired to express their linguistic competence
of Lugha ya Mitaani in written form see appendix . as well as their use in context. use in
contexts. since LyM has invaded large areas of public communication. grew up in
Nachingwea and came to Dar es Salaam in . It is because of this continuous change that a
conventional dictionary of LyM does not suffice. she worked with a number of informants
differing in these respects. the dictionary will hopefully be a useful tool for those who do
research on modern Swahili texts. Swahili Colloquium held at Bayreuth University. In turn.
Kihore and as a result obtained a Lugha ya Mitaani word list of about lexical entries. but also
illustrates another way of medialisation of this jargon. and eliciting lexical items. but also the
processes that lead to their creation. . . He lives in the At that point the results were
presented at the . urban environment. Our dictionary focuses on etymology and cognitive
motivation. . Franco Livigha. We therefore present a dictionary which has a wider scope than
its predecessor. May. He also designed the style of the dictionary. Roland Kieling started the
research in Kondoa District in by interviewing male informants between the age of and on
their language attitudes. the SwahiliEnglish Slang PocketDictionary by Ohly . She also
investigated the informants attitudes towards LyM. This comparison shows that LyM is in a
constant process of change. expanding its scope in order to find out more about the
specificity of LyM in respect to age.
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA outskirts of the city and works in a photo studio in
Kariakoo. . In Ndanda ReusterJahn worked with a group of high school students. The field of
cognitive motivation. folk etymologies arise in order to explain its origin e. In August
ReusterJahn took Kielings word list to Tanzania to work it over with the informants. . au hata
wazee . This means that more attention was given to the users and their linguistic attitudes.
Besides these principal informants and assistants. Both siblings have completed primary
school. These are Mr. Ms. Particularly questions and could not be addressed in full depth.
The leading questions referring to the entries were as follows . and Joyce T. His sister Maria.
D.. and Dr. and in some cases informants offered differing versions. She has five children.
Do you know the origin of this word Unajua asili ya neno hili . He provided a lot of
etymological information. . Shadafa M. both from Dar es Salaam. . The question on the origin
yielded very interesting and sometimes complex etymological explanations and cognitive
motivations. especially when the event. Since when is this word in use Neno hili limetumika
tangu lini Lina miaka mingapi Time did not allow for asking each informant the whole range
of questions. Marias twinsister Martha left secondary school after Form IV. It seems that.
cognitive motivation and usage caused a shift of the research focus from lexicography to
ethnolinguistics. The rich yield in the fields of etymology. G. Kwesigabo. other items were
mentioned in conversation. allows the researcher to understand what is important in the
everyday life of youths in Tanzania.g. R. Do you use this word / expression Unalitumia . as
well as to their use of LyM items in discourse. Mushi. which was rather briefly examined in
former publications. Who are the users of this word / expression Nani analitumia Vijana tu.
Do you know this word / expression Unalifahamu . has been living in Dar es Salaam for
about fifteen years. Some informants wrote lists. lives in Dar es Salaam in his fathers house
since he finished Form IV in Mtwara in . In addition to working with the wordlist ReusterJahn
continued the collection of LyMitems by elicitation. personality or fashion that has led to the
creation of a particular lexical item is not present any longer. also lives in Dar es Salaam
where she works in a hair saloon in Upanga. She has no job and lives with her child in the
house of her parents in Nachingwea. a number of Tanzanian friends have also contributed
by giving etymologies or examples of the use of LyM items. . . below. the youngest being five
years old. nunga nanasi and wowowo in . His mother. the connections the youths construct
between target and source domains are enlightening. Mpembeni. However. not all
etymologies are generally known. or by commenting on the article. Especially where
metaphors are concerned. The language of university students is represented by Ali Nkoma..
. every lemma is indexed for at least one semantic domain so as to enable queries by
semantic criteria. The guiding principle here is not only to pin down the source of the item in
question. but also to trace. in order to explain the cognitive motivations which underlie the
change. hypotheses about their etymology have been provided as detailed as possible.
Wherever possible. Furthermore. newspapers especially the yellow press and song texts of
popular music were also used as sources of LyM. and our appreciation of their willingness to
share their knowledge with us.com/dar/slang.darhotwire. On the other hand there was also
fun in the work. It is translated into Standard Swahili plus an English equivalent. They not
only play a vital role in the diffusion of LyM. . The database has originally been designed by
Kieling to organise the items he had collected in his initial fieldwork in . The making of the
dictionary The principal instrument in the collation and analysis of lexical LyM items is a
database which is organised as follows every entry is headed by a LyM lemma. In a third
phase the database was again considerably expanded by ReusterJahn who added new
items.edu/swahili/. the formal and semantic shifts responsible for the derivation of the
contemporary LyM items from their source items. At times the working sessions were long
and required endurance.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING The research
continued via email correspondence with Ali Nkoma. who kindly reviewed several lists of
words between October and February . It was then expanded to also incorporate critically
annotated items drawn from websites which list LyM items. We therefore want to express our
sincere gratitude for the contribution of our informants and assistants.html. Even delicate
issues such as those connected to sexual behaviour had to be addressed. Novels from the s
and s. Only the cooperation of many made the dictionary possible and helped us to better
understand the phenomenon of LyM.yale. Acknowledgements We feel very happy that we
received the cooperation of people who were willing to answer our questions concerning
LzM. especially when unexpected etymologies turned up. and The Kamusi Project Internet
Living Swahili Dictionary http//www.tripod.html. as accurately as possible.
.com/Kiswahilislangdictionary. The exploration of the stories behind the words that allowed a
glimpse into the world and imagination of youths in contemporary Tanzania was like an
exciting expedition into a territory hitherto unknown to us. Most lexical items are illustrated for
their use in one or more sentences. Darhotwire Swahili slang http//www. In March the final
revision of the dictionary took place in Dar es Salaam with the informants Franco Livigha and
Ali Nkoma. such as Chumvi Mtembezis Kiswahili Slang Dictionary http//chumvi.
Crossreferences make it searchable for near synonyms. but also in some cases are the
sources of new terms see below section . either a single lexical item or an idiomatic phrase.
and LyM has become more powerful visvis the standard language since the last fifteen
years. Lugha ya Mitaani as youth language One functional aspect of LyM is its use as
grouplanguage of youths. i. Most speakers of the youth variant of LyM avoid its use in formal
contexts and in situations where interlocutors are socially not on the same level. Na hasa
lugha hii hutumika mjini na vijana wakibuni njia ya kuwasiliana bila polis kujua.
Sociolinguistics of Lugha ya Mitaani In respect of sociolinguistics LyM is multifaceted it is
predominantly used as a register. We can only give a preliminary report on these aspects
here. recent novels. Kiswahili cha mitaani is a language which developed unexpectedly and
by chance. . but in some cases it is used as a sociolect. probably to jargoozle. Sources in the
database pertaining to informants and assignment of lemmas to semantic domains have
been suppressed in the dictionary. According to our informants youths are defined as
persons between about fifteen and thirty years. This language is used very much by youths
in the city when they try to find a way to communicate with each other without the police
knowing. and the yellow press. and quite a number of LyM items have become acceptable
for wider circles. In some youthgroups it seems to be important to be able to speak it as fast
as possible Bhme . and. It has a lot in common with other urban youth languages found in
Africa. but tends to be frowned upon by the older generations. confuse outsiders which
illustrates that demarcation and secrecy to some extent can be one of its functions. eliciting
supplementary examples or drawing them from sources such as Bongo Fleva lyrics. Thus. .
The dictionary in appendix comprises more than entries. comics. presenting the major part of
this database. second. It goes beyond the presentation of Swahili slang in Ohly and the LyM
lists in the internet sources cited above first. our dictionary unites the synchronic and
diachronic aspects of LyM in providing a glimpse into the living contemporary language and
at the same time viewing it as the outcome of processes of creative cognitive manipulation.
since it has prestige among the youths. it exemplifies most lexical items in sentences in order
to capture as many aspects of their use as possible. . it is typically learned by adolescents in
peergroups and used in informal settings to communicate the metamessage of solidarity and
toughness. Further research is needed to explore them in detail. before they are married. Its
status is ambivalent to some extent. Thus. it discusses their formal and semantic history.e.
This is corroborated by the following statement of John Degera Kiswahili cha mitaani ni lugha
iliyozuka tu kwa bahati bila kutegemewa.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA checked and
rechecked old items for their usage and origin.
and its playful violation of the linguistic norms of Swahili. the Tanzanian rap music .
corresponding closely with the profile of urban youth languages found in other parts of Africa
Mous amp Kieling . .com. Madunia Foundation . clothing. Bhme which reflects the puristic
attitude towards the jocular spirit of this variety. marker of youth identity. it is gaining ground
in the speech of wider circles in Tanzanian society. In the past decade it has come to be
associated with Bongo Fleva. being one asset in the larger complex of youth culture which is
also articulated in music. partially stigmatised as lugha ya kihuni by outsiders. dance. Raab
a. hair style.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING sometimes even stigmatised as a
lugha ya kihuni language of bachelors or hooligans. HIV/AIDS. and is used as a group
language. pollution etc. Social profile of LyM user group predominantly adolescents
acquisition informal in peergroups contexts of use informal communication among equals
functions medium of horizontal communication. sports. and who launched a clothing label
known as Gangwe Gear. A striking example of how these ingredients cluster to form a
complex of youth culture could be seen in the hiphop formation Gangwe Mob who gained
street credibility by using Lugha ya Mitaani in their songs. and as an educative medium for
transmitting messages relating to health. For more details on the evolution of Swahili rap see
Gesthuizen amp Haas . allegedly growing prestige in the society as a whole From the profile
summarised in it is clear that LyM qualifies as a horizontal medium of communication. Lugha
ya Mitaani serves as a marker of youth identity. use and attitudes Although LyM is connected
with the transitional phase of youth and adolescence. The major function of these urban
youth languages is that they are created and used as an icon of identity. and probably the
betteroff. solidarity amp toughness. Knowledge. the older generations. spreading their
messages through the internet www. In a sociological perspective.gangwemobb. also
demarcation prestige prestige among users. a marker of solidarity on the one hand. It must
be asked why this should be so. way of walking. urban lifestyle etc. . . Raab . and a
demarcation line on the other hand since this feeling of belonging is originally created by an
opposition to existing identities represented by the rural population that tends to live the
traditional way of life. gaining increasingly importance as a medium that authentically reflects
the hali halisi reality. corruption. One common explanation by Tanzanians themselves is that
many LyM items are more to the point than their Standard Swahili nearequivalent.
Translation by URJ . Thats why there are many words which we. Personal communication .
coeditor of the newspaper Sani and author of novels and films Kuna maneno
menginemengine ya namna hiyo ambayo yanakombaini maneno matatu. In contrast. Watu
wanaoikuza lugha hiyo hasa ni vijana na waimbaji wa muziki aina ya taarabu yaani mipasho.
It must be noted that people in Tanzania generally are aware of the phenomenon of LyM and
they often interpret it in the context of the growth of Swahili. additional factors have started to
contribute to the power of LyM. the author of several Swahili novels. the Swahili language is
a language which is growing every day. Kwa sababu mara nyingi maneno ya mitaani
yanachofanya ni kufupisha.. There are many. Globalisation facilitates access to phenomena
of youth culture in other countries. Personal communication . Because. Translation by URJ
Kayombo looks back to the time when he himself was a young man who actively took part in
the creative process Hivyo kuna maneno mengi ambayo sisi vijana wa zamani tulikuwa
tukiyatumia na leo hii hayapo na hayatumiki tena. Evidently from the s on. bali yamezaliwa
mengine mapya. The official institutions in many cases are slow in providing new terms that
meet the demand. they lack efficient tools for implementation. These in turn are endowed
with prestige through their use in the media. It also brings in concepts that were hitherto not
represented in the standard form of Swahili. The following statement of Maurus Kayombo.
lakini linaeleweka. People who in particular make it grow are the youths and the singers of
Taarabmusic. Therefore. may stand for many similar ones we have heard during our
research lugha ya Kiswahili ni lugha inayokua kila siku. This is also pointed out by Sultan
Tamba. There are other words of this kind LyM which condense three words of Standard
Swahili into one word. yanayafanya kuwa neno moja. the youths of yesterday were using.
Kwa hiyo maneno mengi ya vijana huja na kupita na mengine hubakia na kuendelea
kutumika hadi leo. especially mipasho. and instead other. are highly favoured in conversation
Ohly a seems to support the transition of lexical items from LyM into normal speech.LUGHA
YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA That in traditional Swahili speech wellturned phrases and
expressions to the point. what streetwords often do they cut short.. Yako mengi. and some
stay and continue to be used until today. but today they have disappeared and are not in use
any more. These factors are globalisation and popular media. Furthermore. many words of
the youths come and go.. and still it is understood. Translation URJ We have been told by
Tanzanian academics that for this reason it has become a trend to intersperse even
academic papers with LyM items. hitting the mark. new ones have been born. Personal
communication . especially in America. the popular media are near to the people and quick
to pick up new words and expressions.
. Elder people generally reject being talked to in this language. derived from student by initial
clipping. the attitude towards LyM as such among older people is diverse. The novel Kijiweni
Moto Kusenha describes the life of such a boy. but this time perceived as selfrespect. as we
do not have data from other places. Normally young people consent to this rule. It would be a
topic for further research to investigate the kind of LyM that is used by women in the
compounds where often many people live together. respect. Media. Nondrugusers had only
partial knowledge of the drug lexicon. However. All in all we found mostly tolerance towards
LyM as a particular phenomenon of the transitional stage of adolescence. others conceive it
as destructive to the language of the nation. which has to be observed. for example. reading
the newspapers which use LyM. Somebody who is using LyM irrespective of the social status
of his interlocutors is called a mhuni kabisa a real hooligan. so everybody with a particular
interest in learning LyM can use this device. its permanent use is regarded as offensive. but
in the backyard we use this language. that our female informants did not know the whole
range of terms used by young men to denote women. who told us Siwezi kuzungumza
namna hii na baba. and rural or urban environment. those in remote towns like Nachingwea
and Kurio lagging only slightly behind. predominantly the radio. individual lexica depend on
social parameters such as age. Whereas the use of LyM as a register confined to certain
situative contexts is considered as normal. There is also variation in respect to the semantics
of certain words. Our research revealed that even elder people often have considerable
knowledge of LyM. The cartoon Kifimbocheza na wachafuzi wa lugha in the newspaper Sani
provides a kind of serialised dictionary of LyM terms. lakini uani tunatumia lugha hii I cant
speak in that way to my father. also contribute to the diffusion of LyM items. The rapid spread
from the centre to the periphery is mainly due to the high rate of mobility. Whereas many
view it as a sign of the liveliness of Swahili. education. This might be specific to Dar es
Salaam. occupation. and listen to popular music. Knowledge is gained by living together in a
household with children and youths. We found. Concerning the knowledge of LyM we found
that it is widespread among youths in Tanzania. But it is regarded a violation of social rules if
LyM is used towards an interlocutor whose social status is superior to the speakers. This has
much to do with the concept of heshima dignity. was rendered as student by our informants.
who even dares to speak with his parents in his grouplanguage. in Tanzania. especially of
youths. The reason why many people do not use items of LyM in their speech is again the
concept of heshima. especially Bongo Fleva and modern Taarab. In formal settings LyM is
also inadequate. In such a case the use of LyM has become an integral part of the social
identity. research is needed in order to find out about the reality of vijana wa vijiweni and their
linguistic behaviour. like Martha L. For her.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING As
mentioned earlier. However. This is . gender. LyM is a register which she uses in contexts of
informal conversation among her agemates and to a certain extent even towards older and
married women. For example the term denti. but is given as female student by Kihore .
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA reflected in the statement of a yearold mother of five
children, living in Dar es Salaam Situmii lugha ya mitaani, kwa sababu ninajiheshimu I dont
use LyM because I respect myself. Respect prevents people who use LyM as a register from
using it in situations socially regarded as improper, whereas selfrespect prevents people with
knowledge of LyM from using it at all. LyM is not only connected to youths, but also to Dar es
Salaam, the cultural and economic centre of Tanzania. Citizens of Dar es Salaam generally
feel being ahead of their rural countrymen. They know whats going on, and how to survive in
the urban environment. This requires a good knowledge of the infrastructure of the city, for
example how to avoid the dangers of particular places or situations. Being part of a social
network is as indispensable as knowing special codes and styles of speech used there, like
for example, being able to understand the personnel in daladala minibuses. Everybody who
newly arrives in the city has to learn his lessons, often the hard way. It is for this reason that
Dar es Salaam has got the nickname of Bongo, which is derived from Swahili ubongo Pl.
bongo, brains. The city was given that name in the Ujamaa era already, where it was
particularly difficult for people without permission to migrate to Dar es Salaam. People
without such permission were caught in the operesheni kuzuia uzururaji Operation Prevent
Loitering. The living conditions have changed, but still are not easy. Therefore, the ones who
have gone through the process of adapting to them tend to look down on newcomers.
Knowing LzM of Dar es Salaam is like a sign of being initiated into the life in town, or a line of
demarcation between the ones who know and those who do not. This is reflected in the
sentence Unaniambia nini hapa, mtu mwenyewe wa kuja, unajifanya wa mjini What do you
tell me here. You yourself have only arrived, you pretend to be a towndweller. A number of
pejorative terms denoting newcomers in the city refer directly to their rural origin mbushi,
mporipori. Others are kinabo, mgoroko, mjombamjomba, mlugaluga, and yeboyebo for
etymologies see the dictionary. The fact that the creative centre for LzM is Dar es Salaam is
also reflected in the name Kibongo for LyM. However, this term is rather used outside Dar es
Salaam than in the city itself. . Diachronic aspects of LyM As we have already mentioned
LyM is a phenomenon that is quite old. However, all informants agree that it has become
more powerful and has penetrated more into normal speech for the last twenty years or so.
This is largely due to the liberalisation of media in the context of political change after the end
of the Ujamaa era. The exact dating of items is generally not easy. If a term is connected to
an event, a song, or a personality, the year of its birth can be traced. Informants in general
could roughly date newer items within a time depth of about ten years. Terms that are longer
in use, were labelled by our informants as ya
Ohly a quotes J. W. Murison as the first to write about Swahili slang at the beginning of our
century, but he does not give bibliographic data of the source. We were not able to trace it.
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING zamani old. A lexeme that is in the process of
becoming obsolete or replaced by another one is described as linafifia sasa it is about to die
or halitumiki sana siku hizi it is not used much these days. Printed texts can be helpful in the
dating of terms. Before the liberalisation, newspapers observed the standard form, and
colloquialisms were mainly found in literary dialogues in novels cf. Ohly a . Now the situation
has changed a lot the yellow press makes ample use of LyM, whereas writers of novels are
moderate in that respect. In appendix we present a case study on the change which took
place in the special campus lexicon of Nachingwea Teacher Training College during a period
of roughly twenty years. The students had published a list of special campus words in a
journal at the occasion of the colleges tenth anniversary in Mbaga . In students of the college
were asked which of those lexemes were still in use, which had been replaced, and which
had become completely obsolete. The study revealed that only about half of the items were
still in use. Others had changed slightly, whereas many had become obsolete, and new ones
had been created. This process was in part dependent on the change in the college
environment.
. Lexical elaboration
From an onomasiological angle, LyM words and phraseologisms cluster in semantic domains
typically elaborated in youth jargons, reflecting major preoccupations. Defining semantic
domains is a difficult task, and there is no ideal solution, due to the fact that most
phenomena present themselves as continua which blend into each other, or are linked to
other phenomena in multidimensional networks. Therefore, some items had to be allocated
to more than one domain, for example terms denoting homosexuals were accorded to the
domain of Homosexuals as well as to Men or Women, respectively. Terms which are only
used in addressing a person were allocated to Address as well as Humans. On the other
hand there is polysemy. The term ngozi for example has three different meanings, i.e.
girlfriend, jeans, and shoes. Accordingly it has to be represented in three different domains.
These two factors account for multiple allocation of terms to domains. About items, especially
adjectives and adverbs could not be allocated meaningfully. Our findings are not specific for
a certain subgroup of speakers. As outlined above, our approach was to collect lexical items
of LzM which are not too exclusive and therefore known to many people in Tanzania. We are
aware that our collection is not exhaustive, but we presume that it represents a large part of
more common LyM items. The number of items per domain is related to its importance in the
world of the creators and speakers of LyM, i.e. predominantly the youths. When looking at
the ranking of domains, it must be born in mind that items were not exclusively allocated to
only one domain. Still,
This was already observed by Ohly a .
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA the data allows for identifying the concepts and activities
that are important for the youths, and also the priority of certain domains. Our data reveal
that specially developed semantic fields in LyM relate to . Humans amp Social relations n ,
including the subfields Humans, Women, Men, Social status, Social relationship,
Homosexuals, and Profession . Communication n , including Communication, Address,
Greetings, Telecommunication, Boasting, Language, and Media . Body amp Appearance n ,
including Clothing, Body, Female body, Parts of Body, Hairstyle, Cosmetics, Shoes,
Appearance, and Eyewear . Economy n , including Money, Economy, and Profession . Sex n
, including Sex, Homosexuals, and Reproduction . Experience n . Drugs amp Alcohol n ,
including Alcohol, Drugs, and Drug experience . Movement amp Vehicles including
Movement, Cars, and Vehicles other than cars . Evaluation n , including Quality, Quantity,
and Intensity . Violence amp Trouble n , including Violence and Trouble . Food n . Crime
amp Police n , including Crime, Prison, and Police In contrast to Ohly a f., we find that the
domain of schoolmatters has no priority. Rather a higher degree of elaboration in recent LyM
could be observed in the domains of communication, violence and crime. To some extent,
this reflects the social, economic and political development in Tanzania since the political
turn which started in the late s. According to our data, much linguistic creation takes place in
the field of communication about of all items. That points to the importance of communication
in the life of the creators and users of LyM. According to their size, the total of single domains
that were identified can be grouped as follows items Communication , Humans , Money ,
Experience , Women items Clothing , Movement Sex , Quality , Body items Food , Social
status , Economy , Violence , Alcohol , Drugs , Place , Female Body , Address items Men ,
Social Relationship , Disease , Education , Crime , Drug experience Form , , Homosexuals ,
Parts of Body , Reproduction ,
The subfields are ordered according to their size. There seems to be a register of special
terms relating to music but it seems as these are sourced to a large extent from English
Bhme .
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Greetings , Quantity , Cars ,
Telecommunication , Boasting , Trouble , Language , Geography , Hairstyle , Media items
Houses , Police , Entertainment , Prison , Intensitiy , Cosmetics , Profession , Shoes , Sports
, Time , Corruption , Weapons , Eye Wear , Appearance , Vehicles other than cars , Mining ,
Religion . In what follows the semantic domains will be discussed in the order of their
importance, and illustrated with examples from our data. The examples also show a
characteristic of LyM typical of urban youth languages in general, namely that lexical creation
does not lead to new linguistic signs, but rather to renovation of existing ones, and this
renovation can take on excessive proportions, as could be seen in the numerous synonyms
which compete with preexisting ones such as ukimwi AIDS, fedha or pesa money, malaya
prostitute, among others. . Humans and social relations Most terms of our data cluster in the
domain of different categories of humans and social relations. The domain of humans is
complex, comprising three elaborated subdomains terms that can be applied to both sexes ,
terms exclusively denoting women, and terms exclusively denoting men. Lexemes denoting
homosexuals are accommodated in a group of their own because they are
numerous.However, it should be noticed that a number of them are gender specific. ..
Humans This field comprises terms that characterise persons in regard to their behaviour,
some physical trait, defectious mental state, occupation, origin, economic state, drug use,
age class, or speech behaviour. The lexemes and expressions in this group can be applied
to both sexes, although to differing degrees. inspekta noisy and inquisitive person mzamiaji
somebody who comes to a place or event without invitation kidudu mtu bad person,
someone who threatens kikladi coloured person kiroba . passenger who gets a free lift, .
somebody being in bad shape dakika moja mbele stupid person, fool domo zege rhetorically
slow and clumsy person ngombe rich person getting pinned down by hooligans mchovu lazy
person, somebody without money
It must be noted that some of these lexemes are gendered to a certain degree, as for
example, the terms denoting gossips, who are predominantly but not exclusively perceived
as female.
This applies especially for the terms denoting girlfriend. This term is derived from English
loose. They see and evaluate women as potential sexpartners. and classes / mlupo. women
obviously are grouped in several categories. mdosho. reflects the fact that LyM in some
respects is gendered. those who are respected and those who are held in contempt. But the
classification in modern LyM seems to be more finegrained in that women are
subcategorised by moral evaluations regarding their behaviour.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA teja drug user mchizi friend shwaini pig. On the other hand the data show that
women are perceived as dangerous. It is clear that the discourse context is important for all
the terms denoting women. person with bad manners mshikaji friend mbushi layman. since
we have no data on that. the whole field of communication between the sexes on matters
concerning their relationship. Franco Livigha told us anti inasimama peke yake katika
heshima. There is especially little data on the evaluation of men by women. This is reflected
by the numerous lexemes that evaluate the female body. The assignment to classes varies
among the lexemes which denote women. There are good women and bad women. This is
especially the case with anti and sista. labda sista inaweza kufuata anti stands out in regard
to respect. In fact. Ohly observes three of them women in general. Few terms have the
connotation of heshima respect. Accordingly there are terms which are classified as sifa
praise. A girl or woman who is known to consent very quickly to a sexual proposal is called
luzi or kiluzi. reputation while others are regarded as kashfa slander. unfaithful and
exploitative. fiance.. perhaps followed by sista. boasting la this is my girlfriend and slandering
la that one is bad are frequent contexts. we have also to differentiate between terms that are
used for addressing women and those that are used for making reference to them. Only few
lexemes can be used for both purposes. they are not yet married but seem to be occupied
with sexuality as can be deduced from the lexicon regarding women and sex. In respect with
discourse. as well as discourses on the respective opposite sexes among sexmates is not
sufficiently explored as yet. From the male point of view. mkaskazini. who basically fall in the
two categories of attractive. but many to . rural person pimbi short person . Judging from the
sentences we got from our informants. In fact. Normally. Women The large number of terms
used to denote women. which are quite conventional. and unattractive women. the creators
of LyM are mainly male youths. A luzi is characterised as anajirahisisha she makes herself
easy to get. attractive women. Only a few are assigned to classes / mbovu. We dont know
whether some terms are also used as insults in direct confrontation. which are taken from the
source domain of kinshiprelations. beautiful and unattractive women. many of which are
evaluative.
to classes / kiluzi. c Nymphomaniacs kolboksi. shi. kiluzi. Contemptuous terms normally not
used as address gashi. mbovu. Girlfriend used in address. gubeli. Respectful terms anti
address and reference sista address Attractive women normally not used as address chuma.
shangingi. Promiscuous women amp prostitutes a Not yet settled kiluzi.UTA REUSTERJAHN
amp ROLAND KIELING classes / anti. mdosho. ngozi. women who are nymphomaniacs
wana pepo la ngono. manzi. totoz. demu. chupi. luzi. jimama. In regard to the creative
processes involved in terms denoting women. kipepe. laazizi. Women with big bodies gubeli.
kingasti. kishtobe. Five categories of promiscuous women were elaborated by our male
informants women who have not yet settled down with one man and therefore have changing
relationships with men hawajatulia. b Prostitutes shankupe. shugamemmi. maharage ya
mbeya. kipopo. predominantly used with possessive asali wa moyo. kirukanjia. kipopo.
Girlfriend/lover used in reference. kirukanjia. metaphors play a role. kifaa. nyambizi.
predominantly used with possessive chuma. These aspects will be discussed in section five.
ptabo. demu. totoz. kipepe. mdosho. changudoa. mama huruma. mwandani. manzi. kolboksi.
sidi. even a woman Term used among women. sista du. sholi. The categorizing of women by
men as well as women would be worth to be studied further. kimeo. mkaskazini. ngoma. To
explore the aspect of class assignment in detail it is necessary to do more research. luzi.
especially as address shosti good friend . waluwalu. mlupo. shi. women who are prostitutes
kwao ni biashara women who are forced by circumstances to have sexual relations with men
in order to get money to live on wanajikimu. kingasti. women who have sex affairs in order to
take revenge on their unfaithful partners wanalipa kisasi kwa wenzio. luzi. tinginya Women
perceived as unattractive kimeo something bad and rotten. shangingi.
mzungu wa unga Sexual behaviour kitombi Intersexual relations buzi. lambalamba
Nicknames of personalities mchonga. mzee ruksa .. Homosexuals The terms referring to
homosexuals denote men. mshika pembe. The terms for male homosexuals are to be found
in .. especially those who receive penetration . kibize. two are nicknames for political
personalities . . One refers to sexual behaviour . in slandering and abuse. The behaviour of
homosexual men is called shobo za kisista du. and many of them are pejoratively used by
men in abusing other men. suka. poyoyo.. but not necessarily. and three to intersexual
relations . denote the penetrating partner. Shepherd speaks of the paid and the paying
partner. It must be noted that the terms denoting homosexuals are mostly used in a
contemptuous way. Whether choko is derived from chocolate was not confirmed by our
informants. whereas the one receiving penetration is called msenge. where the homosexual
men are represented by the food. the latter usually. For the etymology of baba askofu and
basha see the dictionary. In Swahili the penetrating partner is called mfiraji. taking an active
role during intercourse . but to bwabwa soft cooked rice and chakula as a generic term. They
are not compared to meat as is a common metaphor for women. Quite a number of these
denote homosexuals .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Mother Bi mkubwa. Only two
terms. but could probably be the case. they resemble the terms for henpecked men.
effeminate man boka. Three of them relate to the food metaphor for sexual intercourse.
followed by those denoting effeminate and henpecked men . ndula. mnyela. mbwiga. Men
The LyM lexicon contains far less lexemes denoting men than women. Occupation konda..
baba askofu and basha . Henpecked fool. . Four terms refer to male occupations . akademiki
buzi. maza. Our informants differentiated between the penetrating partner and the one
receiving penetration. mzungu wa reli. mgumu. In that respect.
choko. Boasting has much to do with communication. telling lies and cheating . The
examples in relate to media and entertainment. Social status In this domain subfields can be
identified humans with low status . The domains of Address and Greetings will be discussed
in the context of youths discourse see section . kaka poa. Telecommunication has many
terms denoting the different brands and models. and not being able to speak well . mlami.
piga stori. . kidampa. dingi. tema sumu. mtanashati.. redio saba saba. mshikaji. . uza gazeti.
uzushi. mbushi. masela. mdosi. shem. fuga ndevu. rapu. provoking. yeboyebo. speaking
empty words. Of mobile phones. chuna buzi. chakula. zungusha pira. mnene.phr mwaga
nyeti. verbs amp verbal phrases v amp v. The lexemes accumulate in the fields of chatting . .
In the domain of Languages there are evidently two areas of interest. Social relationship
Terms denoting social relationships are predominantly those which the young male youths
use to refer to their male friends . mshirika. gossip and spreading of news . msela. kibosile.
Nouns amp noun phrases n amp n. praising. broo. mocking. or countrybumpkins . keeping
quiet or holding back something . bwabwa. namely English on the one hand and variants
used by youths on the other hand . humans with high status . mshumaa. Mobile phones are
objects of prestige which also symbolise the new era in Tanzania. Communication The field
of communication is the largest single field. buzi. v. therefore we present this domain here .
mchizi. mporipori. seducing.phr redio mbao.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING
anti. . bingo. mshua. kulakulala. chonga. braza.. and friendshiprelations regardless to sex
damdam. mshika pembe. and those which denote the relationship between a man and a
woman . stori. and their use and a few relating to the internet . It predominantly comprises
verbs. n sumu. pedeshee. Other terms concern kinshiprelations maza. longa. and people
from rural areas. kinabo. mtoto wa watu. wabushi. mchalii. Others are scolding. wa kuja.phr
bonga. deiwaka. mlugaluga. usiku.
nata. twanga pepeta. tema ngeli. . muziki mnene. jishebedua. and legs . promota. Names for
mobile phones gobole. domo zege. leta za kuleta. namba kumi. kula shaba. . kilongalonga.
ungenge. funga kamba.phr bluu.phr chapia. muvi. kiberiti. The standard form vaa nguo wear
clothes is replaced in LyM by phrasemes like kula pamba. mashauzi. All in all the
composition of this domain reflects that the creators of LyM are male. n. Use of mobile
phones bipu. mezea. n amp n. ujiko. meza pini. Mens hairstyle is of interest.phr kauka.
longolongo. namba nane. as well as the verbs tinga and wamba. tema ungenge. expensive
clothes has become pamba.phr. Adornment. ptabo. piga kimya. Body amp Appearance In
the domain of Body most terms relate to the female body and its sexually marked parts
breasts . kizungu. ingia external. cheza chesi. kioo. kula jiwe. the generic term denoting
fashionable. v amp v. jipaisha. maiki. The importance of a good and fashionable look is also
reflected in the verbs relating to appearance . za kigeni. yeyusha. kikristu. v amp v. n amp n.
kupa saundi. vunga. foto. pilau. but some terms are gender neutral . The male body does not
receive much attention. jishongondoa. buttocks . like jewelry and watches plays a role . as
well as womens cosmetics . The creative procedures which lead to the terms are highly
interesting and will be discussed in the next chapter. domo limejaa kokoto. Buttocks are
obviously considered the most important part of a womans body. Youth language kibongo.
English bibisii. and pigilia nguo. domo zito.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA v amp v. piga
fiksi. jishaua. miyeyusho. Since at least ten years. mzee wa mikogo.phr jigamba. n amp n.
inglish figa. miyeyu. namba sita. n mikausho. namba tisa. shavu. foma limau. ua. kideo. piga
bao. makuzi. kiswanglish.phr domo gundi. kicheni pati. since this field is most elaborated.
mshindi. pwaga. High attention is payed to male clothing as well as female clothing .phr
kamba. mche wa sabuni. jikweza. kiptabo. hips . v fotoa. domo lina ujauzito. kishtobe. Like
fashion comes and goes the terms with respect to special clothes are among those which are
conjected to rapid change.
mvinyo. mavi. jazia haja kubwa. it is revealed that the creators of LyM do not have a concept
where qualification and performance count. kata kundu. chikopa. mzula. chachandu.
Economy. raba mtoni. . Instead the metaphor of game for economic activities shows that
they experience little jobs and businesses as depending on hazard and relationships . such
as size. nyonyo. kalikiti. kawoshi. Different kinds of professions. ndmbolo. gozi. and coins .
occupations and unemployment are as well represented as terms relating to selling and .
haja kubwa. trausa. Clothes debweza. mdebwezo. ulimi wa mbwa. shuzi. singlendi. nido.
mpayuko. mkia wa mbuzi. paa hewani. nduki. kipodozi. matiti saa sita. taiti. ndonga. tenge.
tinginya. form. ndula. shepu. Another well developed semantic field comprises terms that
denote the state of being broke . kata kei. Bwenzi. bastola. their thoughts focus very much on
money. bambataa. The great number of those terms results from the different motivations for
metonymies and metaphors. wochi. kitopu. gamba. nundu. jazia sehemu za nyuma.
tetrasaiklini. jinsi. mingaro. kombati. nenepa kisimba. blingbling. fungasha nyuma. jicho la
mamba. denge. fiesta. jikoki. chuchu saa sita. shingo feni. mustachio. kidonda. fidodido.
mguu wa soda. mtindi. panki. ngarisha. and value. mguu wa bia.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp
ROLAND KIELING balungi. There are a number of terms denoting money in general .
mkorogo. rastafari. Money amp Occupation When examining the structure of the domain of
economy and money. unga freshi. unyunyu. pedo pusha. kijasti. katalogi. image. ngozi.
nyoro. lakuchumpa. sanamu la michelini. mguu wa tende. singlendi. ngozi. antena. Shoes
bandapanda. paper money . tumba. oo. mkundu. function. simpo. mkia wa ngombe. taarabu.
This is due to the economic situation where regular employment is granted to relatively few.
baluni. Because people often do not know on what they will live tomorrow. kimini. mwembe.
colour. figa. silaha. tukunyema. jipeki. mlegezo. fidodido. lakuparamia. jazia kifua. bunduki.
Dar kombaini. zegemba. zungu la unga. sopsopu. pistol. macho balbu. kibinda nkoy. suru.
wowowo.
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA buying . Mining as a very special economic sector has
produced its own lexemes, of which we have collected few . bangaiza, cheza bingo, dili,
kamua, kula vichwa, mchongo, misheni, pigia debe, tema alasiri, chapaa, dola, famba,
faranga, fuba, goto, jiwe, mafweza, mapene, mavumba, mbumba, michuzi, mkwanja,
mshiko, ngawila, ngudongudo, uchache, vumba baba wa taifa, bluu, buku, buku teni, kifaru,
kilo, kisu, majani, mkoba, nusu kilo, pochi, tenga, vifaru viwili, wekundu wa msimbazi bati,
dala, doma, fisi, gobole, gwala, hais, jero, jiti, karume, mbala, njoroge, nyanga, nyento,
nyomi, paundi, pini apeche alolo, arosto, waya, mabaga, majalala, ukapa, chacha, chalala,
kalukwa, kauka, pigika, rosti, uawa kishenzi, ungua jua, waka deiwaka, ushanta, konda,
mwela, mzungu wa reli, pailoti, paparazzi, suka, goli, juu yam awe, poteza kitumbua. bei ya
mchekea, chee, simamia mwanaapolo, nyoka . Sex This domain is dominated by terms
referring to sexual intercourse , styles of sex , the penis , masturbation , kissing and petting ,
impregnation , and condoms . The terms mainly represent a male angle of view. The food
metaphor is very much present, as well as an accentuation of the active role of the male part.
This is especially expressed by verbs such as piga, chapa, gonga, kaza, tia, vuta, which
reflect a certain degree of aggressiveness. The terms denoting homosexuals have been
treated in .. chapa nao, chikichia, chini, gonga ngozi, kaza, kazana, kongoli, kula ngozi, kula
uroda, magoli, mikasi, mikuno, pata blanketi, piga bao, piga mti, piga nao, tia, vuta luzi,
wazungu kula mande, liwa dude, mjengo, mshikaki, mtungo, shikishwa ukuta mti piga nyeto,
piga puri, shuka mnazi
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING denda, piga denda, nawa chana neti, kibendi
buti, ndomu, pira, soksi. . Drugs amp Alcohol Drugs, especially alcohol, play an important
role in the lives of young men. Consumer habits obviously are different between young men
and women, but are not yet explored in detail. For young men it is predominantly a group
activity, whereas women take part when invited by men. The largest semantic field is that
relating to alcohol, where we can discern generic terms for alcoholic drinks , beer , and hard
liquors . Terms to describe drunkenness are outweighing those denoting other drug
experience . Many terms denoting marijuana and marijuana cigarettes exist , but other drugs
are also represented in the LyM lexicon . Drug dealers as well as drug user get their own
terms . In the whole domain of drugs euphemisms and synecdoches abound. keroro, kilaji,
kilauri, kinywaji, maji, mitungi, mvinyo, tungi, ulabu changaa, laga, maji ya dhahabu,
mataputapu, mnazi, ngano kachaso, machozi ya samba, maji makali, nipa, rungu, supa la
mawe, totopaki bomba, bunduki, bwi, chichi, chkari, jicho nyanya, keroro, mitungi, nusu
peponi nusu kuzimu mishangashanga, stimu, tintedi blanti, ganja, jicho la tatu, kaya, kijiti,
majani, mneli, msuba, mtemba temka, ndumu, nyasi, nyunyu, kula blanti, kula nyasi
bwimbwi, gamu, palma, poda, unga mzungu wa unga, pablo, pusha, teja . Movement amp
Vehicles By far the largest semantic field within this domain is that of going away and running
away . This reflects the fact that the creators of LyM, i.e. especially the youths, are moving
around by foot. The twenty verbs and verbal phrases which were said to denote make off, go
away presumably differ in slight nuances, but time did not allow to explore them in detail. A
number of terms denote the speed of a movement , some relate to sitting , some to coming
and arriving . The creators of LyM normally do not own cars, but
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA cars are desired objects for them, which are well
evaluated . The daladala minibuses are the means of transport for many people in Dar es
Salaam, and the daladala personnel have their own subculture and use of language . Ships
and airplanes are the means to reach richer countries, something many youths dream of . Go
away anza, chikichia, chomoa, ishia, jiachia, jikata, jisanzua, kipa, kula bunda, kula kona,
kunjuka, lala mbele, ondoa kiwingu, toa kiwingu, piga bao, sanzuka, tambaa, timua mbio,
yesa, yeya Have managed to run away chanja mbuga, chomoka, ingia mitini, sevu. ado ado,
fasta fasta, narenare, shaashaa, spidi mia na ishirini bana, jiegesha, poa ibuka, timbwanga,
zuka baluni, disiem, dungu, gafu, kicheni pati, kipanya, macho ya samaki, mama koku,
mayai, mchuma, mkweche, ndinga, panya, tizediara, debe konda, suka, majeruhi, maiti,
mzungu wa reli, piga debe debe, mtemba, pipa . Evaluative terms The terms evaluating
quality , quantity , and intensity are presented together.By far most of them express positive
evaluation. This could be interpreted in the context of admiring and boasting. Nice babu
kubwa, bomba, chee, chuma, fiti, freshi, funika bovu, gado, jibu, kaa freshi, kwa chati,
magoli, mambo ya isidingo, mavituz, mnyama, mtibwa, mukide, mwake naye, ngngari,
ngnguri, pasnali, pina, poa, shega, smati, spesheli, taiti, tiki, yeketee Bad bomu, choo, kavu,
kimeo, mrama, msala, ngarangara, noma Little ado ado, chwee, yeyuka Much bwena, bwi,
kedekede, kibao, lumbesa, nyomi, shazi a kufa mtu, a nguvu, ile mbaya, kichizi, kinoma,
kishenzi, kwa kwenda mbele, narenare
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING . Experience This semantic domain has
extremely fuzzy edges. We have put all lexical items here which relate to the senses and
emotions, except those related to drug experience. Within this field we discern sensory
matters , amazement , fear, shame, angriness, and threatening , unrest and confusion ,
premonition , enjoyment and love , disappointment and unkindness . cheki, chikichia, tega
antenna, kula kwa macho bloo, macho balbu, shingo feni, simama dede mkinga, mzuka,
tumbo joto, noma, soo, ndita, panda kichizi, chimba biti mapepe, mchecheto, wenge, data,
pagaisha, datisha, zingua chale, machale, mgutugutu jidunga, jirusha, tesa, ua, vinjari, bloo,
fia, konda kata stimu, lia, zimisha fegi, ntimanyongo, roho ya korosho, roho ya kwa nini .
Trouble amp Violence Trouble and violence are part of the lives of youths in Tanzania. The
semantic fields of beating and threatening are particularly elaborated. jumba bovu, shobo,
noma, skendo, kashikashi, palichimbika, valangati, bebelebebele, bifu, gozi, kasheshe, kina,
udwanzi bonda, kerubi, klintoni, kongoli, kongota, kosovo, lamba njiti, mikiki, ngeta, pasua
mangumi ya jela, timori, uosama biti, mikwara, undava, weka kibesi, zika, chimba biti . Crime
amp Police As stated by J. Degera, one of the functions of LyM is to exclude the police from
overhearing conversations among youths. This applies mostly to drugusers and jobless
youths who engage in some criminal activities. Presumably the semantic domain relating to
these areas is well elaborated. However, as we did not have access our data may represent
only a small part of it. Many terms denoting criminal acts have to do with stealing , cheating ,
and harming people physically . There are a range of terms denoting police and police cars ,
as well as matters related to prison .
kandamiza. njia za panya. zamia. sweka. nguna. tapeli. finya. punga. Bunya. virusi. Disease
The disease that poses the biggest threat especially to young people is AIDS. tega neti.
probably derived from English sauce. msaada. ndata. lambalamba. jichana. kula shaba.
gofu. . shimoni. minyenyele. Ugali stiff porridge and rice both have got a range of LyM
equivalents. . Therefore it receives extra attention in LyM. mwela. Thus it is not surprising
that the domain of food is well elaborated in LyM. lumangia. maTZQ. The generic term
chakula food. nyali. tema mkwanja. ubwabwa. ngoma. neti. opoa. zamia meli. mnuso. sero.
nyea debe. ngwengwe. Food Since the majority of youths do not have a job or regular
income. mapokopoko. kitimoto. ubeche. tizediara. fyeka mnazi. mtandao. nyenyere. viepe
yai. dongo. ndula. but are in use all over the country by many people. umeme. This applies
also to the act of eating . miwaya. propoza. nafaka. Figurative verbal phrases denote the
acquisition of the HIVvirus. mpunga. Contributing to the importance of the domain of food in
the LyM lexicon is the experience of low qualitiy and sometimes insufficient alimentation in
boarding schools. chomboa. regular meals are not guaranteed. some special kinds of food
are represented . mapochopocho. mdudu. sumu. kapelo. nyola. meal has widely been
replaced by msosi. supu ya mawe. lamba fuba. sunda. Furthermore. as well as the
symptoms . In spite of the campaigns on AIDS prevention and consciousness it is still
avoided to speak openly about the disease. punje. mavi ya panya. These are not particularly
restricted to urban youth groups. especially in connection to somebody being affected. kula
kwa saiti mira. njago. lupango. Bondo. In order to avoid the Standard Swahili word ukimwi
AIDS there are a range of terms to replace it . Kiepe. dona. sembe. soba. . feruzi.LUGHA YA
MITAANI IN TANZANIA choli. Bweche.
maybe motivated by envy. Britain kwa Bi mkubwai. joblesi kona. goli working place. kwa
Mzee Thabo. Thus Kinondoni in Dar es Salaam came to be called Kino. Two basic ones are
the living quarters in town where settlement is characterised by vichochoro narrow paths
between houses . kitaani. college and university campuses always produce some special
lexicon on school matters. chobi corner. geto. Only few of them have been incorporated in
the dictionary . njiapanda ya Ulaya road to the airport. saus. kwanja. It is often achieved by
manipulating or shortening the official name. Geography amp Place With regard to countries
and places LyM has its own categories. Dizim. uswahilini gt uswaa gt uswazi. uswaa.
uswahilini. places of amusement . Note that the nicknaming of places is widespread. kwa
Mzee Mandela. The creative processes involved in the formation of place names are
especially interesting see etymologies in the dictionary. vs. The terms in represent stages in
a progressive derivation. proably an adapted version of the English plural marker. . It should
be noted here that school. chimbo. Bongoland. kanyaga miwaya. at home the jobless youths
meeting places . bushi rural area. pata shorti. mamtoni. kijiweni. choo paspoti saizi unroofed
toilette. sauz. and some others . has been suffixed. Uswaa is derived from uswahilini by
terminal clipping.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING dalikwa ngoma. Skonga is
widely used for school nowadays. i. peponi airport. Education Terms relating to education
basically express the hard work needed to succeed in ones studies . In a next step zi. Some
of these also convey some kind of contempt for people who put efforts in learning and
studying. kiwanja. ndina. skani. Europe majuu. South Africa bondeni. . places or countries
where one would love to go because of the hope for a better life . Furthermore there are
nicknames for Tanzania and Dar es Salaam . pandisha kenchi. debe. kivulini. Bongo. uswazi.
unawa. Metonymies based on form are widely used to denote school results .e. kota. .
gemu. . Sports Sports. Cultural innovation The use of telecommunication has spread
enormously and plays an important role since the radio networks have been spread over
almost the whole country. . On the other hand football is an important source domain for
metaphors and metonymies see . but we have not explored this. which is reflected in the
expression muziki ya kizazi kipya music of a new generation. Many young people dream of
becoming a successful rapper as a way to achieve wealth and prestige. Weapons For
weaponry the same applies as with football presumably there is a special lexicon used by
certain groups and circles. Videos are popular. and there is a range of lexemes and
expressions in this domain. gozi.. where we did not conduct our research und thus collected
only few items. especially football is one of the pastime activities of male youths. in public
showrooms. maiki. liamba morning is borrowed from an indigenous language. and in the
internet. The lexicon of the Bongo Fleva scene draws on English terms. ngoma. . karai. but
the prices at internet cafs limit the frequency of visits there. Bongo Fleva achia mistari. pilau.
piga ndonga. Hence. The latter is also used to download pornographic sites. Hiphop Music
called Bongo Fleva is very much associated with the youths. kesha na vitabu. jiwe. and not
confined to young people.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA bukua. shusha mistari. this is
a source domain of some importance. Joni Kisomo. toa boko. msondo. They are confined to
the context of actual matches. muvi. chimba. Time In the domain of time borrowed lexemes
have been substituted for Standard Swahili terms. Video kideo. bluu. vijiti viwili. kitambi.
pafomu. dondosha mistari. chana mistari. The source language is mainly English. They are
watched at home. but one term. . chuma.. . kioo. mchuma. desa. However. supastaa.. patulo.
The internet is used. there are only few terms relating to weapons in our collection. Owning a
mobile phone is also a sign of prestige. The domain of Telecommunication has been treated
in . kijiti. bendera. mguu wa kuku. although that depends to a certain degree on the model.
want lt SE mind geto youths sleeping quarter. one source of LyM items is transfer from
English. Morphological appropriation of English loanwords is attested in the examples in
where initial syllables ki and vi of the English root are interpreted as class markers / in the
Swahili frame. Morphological appropriation of English transfers kideo cinema lt SE video
vilabu bars. labulabu drinking habit lt SS kilabu lt SE club Pseudoanglicisms sevu run away lt
SE save neti prison lt SE net cheki look. room lt SE ghetto However. The poetic making of
Lugha ya Mitaani Since the spirit of the LyM style of speaking lives in its lexical creations.
They are instead altered phonologically. The linguistic strategies are not entirely different
from those employed in other situations when . Thus at first glance. liamba.e. see lt SE check
maindi like. jeitano. tomoro. one has to take into account prior forms and meanings which
have preceded the contemporary ones. Thus. Borrowings from English muvi video lt SE
movie neti prison lt SE net dili secret. jeitatu. to derive the meaning youths sleeping quarters
from English ghetto involves a metonymic shift in meaning. illustrated in . affair. dilei.UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING dei. deile. the majority of these items are not
simply transferred from English. . morphological and semanticopragmatic level. room lt SE
ghetto Urban youth languages such as LyM creatively appropriate borrowed items by
manipulating them on the phonological. but it does not explain the metonymic semantic
changes observed which produce what might be called pseudoanglicisms from the
perspective of the donor language . it is necessary to take a closer look at the strategies of
manipulation applied to create new items from preexisting ones. i. morphologically and
semantically. deal lt SE deal geto youths sleeping quarter. Invoking restrictions on Swahili
syllable structure may account for the epithetic vowels in neti and dili. from which the present
ones are supposedly derived. In order to properly identify these processes of coinage.
This is reflected in linguistic form by a particular emphasis on strategies of manipulation
such as metaphors. Herbert . in secret languages. Ohly b. Hyperbole by metaphor supu ya
mawe hard liquor lt SS soup of stones kata gogo defecate lt SS cut a log jicho la mamba
watch lt SS crocodiles eye buzi temporary sexual partner of a woman. and transfer from
other languages for about . e. Hyperbole and dysphemism The most important strategies of
lexical manipulation in LyM are hyperbole and dysphemism.g. in idiomatic expressions such
as supu ya mawe . who is welloff and maintains her. and both adding up to achieve a
loudmouth effect.g. Hyperbole could also be combined with irony. . and in corpus planning e.
onomastic synecdoche for . or by metonymic transfers such as onomastic synecdoche.
however.e in situations of taboo. Abdulaziz . a competitive and a provocative element. Urban
youth language. stands out from some of these other phenomena of deliberate language
manipulation in that it combines an artistic. in tesa which is used to refer to its very opposite.
. both realised by metaphor and metonymy. e. welloff man who provides financial support for
a woman in exchange for a sexual relationship gt SS big goat One would not even be
surprised if there was a recent update innovation nitakuiraku. in where various names of hot
spots of crises such as East Timor and Kosovo as well as names of personifications of great
powers such as the former president of the US. in registers of respect such as hlonipha
Finlayson . Bill Clinton. derived from the name of the Eastern Kongo province.g. Metaphors
are of particular interest. The hyperbolic effect of a gross exaggeration could be achieved
either by metaphors that operate with semantic incompatibilities. phonological truncation /
clipping and dummy affixation. the use of borrowed affixes. but also because the
associations seem often farfetched to the outsider. Most of these manipulations could also
be found in LyM. For roughly of our data we could not obtain etymological explanations. in
initiation languages.g. The popularity of this principle in onomastic synecdoche is also
confirmed by older Swahili slang forms such as katanga fight Ohly a . Metaphorical semantic
extension accounts for about of lexical elaboration in our data.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA speakers assume control over their language. not only because they are
predominating in the poetic making of LyM. partly in new functions and operating on foreign
material. A closer look on source domains and cognitive motivation will be enlightening in this
respect. i. Irira . metonymic extension for about . e. hyperbole and dysphemism. are invoked
to derive the meaning to beat.
This extension of SS baridi cold is an intensification of the preexistent reply poa cool
common in colloquial greetings. i. e. zamia sink into. lt The clay is molten.e. cause trouble
uawa kikatili enjoy beyond limit lt SS be killed in a cruel way Another type of hyperbole by
metonymy is attested in the reply baridi good.e. respectively. the augmentative use of dongo
for porridge and bongo for Dar es Salaam. derived from udongo clay and ubongo brains.
hide bongo Dar es Salaam lt large brain lt SS ubongo brain Dysphemism. large piece of skin
mguu wa kuku gun lt SS leg of a chicken . Bill Clinton uosama massacre lt OsamabinLaden
pilato judge lt Pilatus Kihore Hyperbole plus irony tesa enjoy a lot lt SS afflict pain. dongo
porridge lt SS big lump of clay yeyuka be used up lt SS melt kutinga makatalogi wear nice
fashionable clothes lt shaking catalogues tinga wear lt SS shake makatalogi nice fashionable
clothes lt SE catalogue pipa aeroplane lt SS barrel. Hyperbolic effects could also be
achieved by augmentative derivation. fine to greetings such as mambo. Porridge is out. the
contrary to euphemism. is exemplified by the use of debe tin can for the meaning ship and
dongo big lump of clay for the meaning porridge . the replacement of nouns by their
augmentative counterparts . Dysphemism amezamia debe kwenda bondeni. He has boarded
a ship to South Africa as a blind passenger lt He has sunk into a tin going to the valley zamia
debe be on board of a ship as blind passenger lt SS zama sink down into liquid. Hyperbole
by morphological derivation dongo porridge lt big lump of clay lt SS udongo clay gozi shoe lt
large hide. Kosovo.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Hyperbole by onomastic
synecdoche nitakutimori nitakukosovo nitakuklintoni I will beat you up lt East Timor.g. tub. i.
large piece of skin lt SS ngozi skin. dive for pearls debe ship lt SS tin can bondeni South
Africa lt SS in the valley dongo limeyeyuka. cladding a neutral concept in disrespectful terms.
cask gozi leather shoe lt SS large hide.
Humoristic effects Apart from creating hyperbolic. This attitude breeds shifts. which are not
easily comprehensible for outsiders and which contribute to the attractiveness of this style of
speaking. mapene much money might represent a dysphemistic extension derived from a
transfer of SE penny. since the connotations from the cultural background cannot be
assessed. stick tinge the target meaning boast with a negative shade or is it the other way
round Things get more complicated still. Thus. seen in an example below from the film
Girlfriend. spoil tembeza bakora beat with a stick lt SS tembeza cause to walk about pachika
dongo use bad language lt SS pachika fasten. However. ironic and dysphemistic
effects.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Dysphemisms also find entry by the practice of
jocular dissing Berns amp Schlobinski . Thus. go bad. mjuaji. but the phraseme as a unit
could be addressed as belonging to the LyM register. since original dysphemistic motivations
might fade out quickly. muuzaji madafu. this assumption cannot be based directly on
speakers intuition any more. bwege. stain. fix. some of them listed as misemo ya mitaani by
Kihore . It is not always clear if a dysphemistic intention is involved in the creation of a new
term. possibly also motivated by association with changanya copulate and changua lay a
woman in older Swahili slang Ohly a . another driving force in semantic manipulation
certainly is to take an unusual and humoristic perspective on common events. blotch.
Seemingly farfetched semantic shifts in metaphors and metonymies kiti moto porc lt hot seat
kata stimu disappoint lt cut off steam zimisha fegi disappoint lt extinguish the cigarette fuga
ndevu live with a homosexual partner men lt SS grow / domesticate a beard chacha vibaya
be completely broke lt SS chacha turn sour. This practice creates a constant need for new
terms of abuse and invectives such as mpanda farasi. a historical dysphemism which might
underlie the composition of changudoa female prostitute is not accessible to modern
speakers any more it could have been based on a compound of SS changu referring to a fish
species which is cherished as very good eating and SS doa mark. In these cases it is only by
internal reconstruction and reference to older sources that prior application of dysphemism
could be inferred. . does the metaphorical extension of SS nata be sticky. This becomes
manifest in witty idiomatic expressions in where it could happen that all components are
actually Standard Swahili. LyM dongo big lump of clay chana neti impregnate lt SS chana
slit. SE net . frequently performed by youths. tear. i. playful mockery. adhere. metaphoric and
metonymic. it could only be inferred from an attestation in older Swahili slang as pene jike
cents and pene dume cents Ohly a .e. experiences and situations. In a similar vein.
g. Thus kimbitel slim lady in highlights the slimness of the human referent by deriving the
noun in class from the colloquialised English borrowing mobitel cell phone. generalising SS
ibuka pop up. appear in a sentence such as mademu bomba wameibuka the beauties came
creates the image of girls popping up like corks in a liquid. Euphemism rupango / lupango
prison lt SS pango cave. drawing on the metonymic potential of class to view persons under
the aspect of one single salient property ContiniMorava n. squeeze for the meaning sit
reflects the jocular intention to view the experience of sitting sandwiched between other
people. coloured lt SE coloured This attitude of witticism might also be responsible for
euphemisms such as rupango in .d. in a daladala bus. inspect. Thus. A special instance of
creating humoristic effects could be seen in the strategy of derivative transposition of a noun
into class in order to refer to a person. press. e. country bumpkin lt kingasti gigolo lt kikladi
halfbreed. Mreta. And generalising bana jam. examine. e. but rather for the sake of
celebrating an ambivalent and provocative difference in point of view on a socially
stigmatised activity. resurface for the meaning come. verify of the English original check
lends an element of inquisitiveness to every act of looking.e. nyea debe shit in the tin for be
in prison.g. These euphemisms tend to cluster in contexts of secret and criminal activities.
Schadeberg amp Scheckenbach . or which tinges a referent or a situation with an
extrasemantic idea brought in by a semantically very specific word in a process of
generalisation. Transposition to class for viewing humans under the aspect of a salient
property kidosho beautiful girl lt kimbitel slim lady lt SE mobitel cell phone kiluzi lady with a
strong and constant sexual appetite gt SE loose ball kinabo layman. emerge. though it
seems that they are used not in order to veil illegitimate criminal purposes or unfavourable
conditions. i. Beck . In a similar vein.. ContiniMorava . appear of a problem. though with
import from another Bantu language . and at the same time deliberately satirizing the gesture
of trying to veil something unfavourable by words. the common LyM item cheki generalised
for the meaning look from the meaning control.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING nyea debe be in prison lt SS shit in the tin baba askofu homosexual man lt SS
father bishop The humoristic effect in these extensions is often achieved by synecdoche
which either singles out one particular aspect of a situation as its prototypical representation.
flirting with an antisocial perspective on shared norms.
An important source domain from the social environment is kinship . Thus. a bra is used for
lifting breasts. boyfriend. Finally. tit. the idiom acha kwenye mataa used for leave in the dark.
sports mainly football. reflecting major juvenile preoccupations. cars and traffic. babu kubwa
great grandfather gt very nice. It must be noticed that quite a number of them are connected
with the rural or traditional environment. ngombe cow gt person who has money and is
getting pinned down by hooligans. babu grandfather gt friend. However. Metaphors The
source domains in metaphorical transfers and the background of metonymies effectively
point to the semantic humus in youth imagery. metonymically transferred from English
carwash is . a metaphorical extension of on the stones. These are Live stock buzi big goat gt
man who supports a woman financially in exchange for a sexual relationship. motivated by a
functional parallel in the same way as a jack is used for lifting cars. Weather full kipupwe full
rainy season gt air cooled by air condition. which is especially used for terms of address anti
aunt gt woman.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA shimoni in jail lt SS pit kitu kidogo bribe lt
SS small thing chai bribe lt SS tea . mwembe Afro hairstyle. tikitimaji large female breast.g.
electricity. jeki derived from English jack is extended to refer to bra. homosexual man.
Agriculture fyeka mnazi cut down the coconut tree gt kill. telecommunication. balungi
grapefruit gt large female breast. other salient cognitive landmarks used for structuring youth
experience and thought originate in the spheres of popular modern culture. mwanangu my
child gt friend. The term juu ya mawe for the meaning be without job. is based on the
common image of a car which is broken down and jacked up on stones. leave in the lurch is
based on the situation frequently encountered in urban life when red traffic lights force one to
stop and block one from continuing ones activities. in a car Food asali wa moyo honey of the
heart gt girlfriend. motivated by the simultaneous appearance of both items in about .
akademiki buzi academic goat gt man who is used by a girl to help her with academic work.
and beverages. kawoshi sleeveless top. Traffic imagery and mainly cars also structure the
following metaphors and metonymies chesa derived from the name of the car model Toyota
Chaser is taken to mean car in general by onomastic synecdoche and virgin by metaphor
motivated by the attractiveness and high prestige of this car. e. beautiful girl. jero refers to a
note of TSh and is derived from a truncated version of the name of the car model Mitsubishi
Pajero. bwabwa homosexual man lt soft cooked rice.
bingo guy who is taken for a ride for his money lt bingo. There are also terms denoting
homosexual men as well as women which are taken from the domain of food. Conversely.
kimobitel slim lady lt SE mobitel cell phone. where mzungu wa pili denotes the jack. since it
is considered a success to have a work place. tivi sunglasses lt TV. a characteristic that
contributes to the metaphors mzungu wa unga drug dealer. mzungu wa nne sleeping
position of two people. and that accounts for its use as metaphor for work place.
Telecommunication serves as the basic domain in antena ears lt antenna. His aim is of
course piga bao to shoot a goal which generally means success. cheza chesi cheat lt play
chess. If this is the case.g. pleasure Food and eating are wellknown as metaphor for sexual
relations. Europeans also serve as a basis for metaphors and metonymies . or a couple.
mzungu wa tatu the queen. Mzungu wa nne is derived from playingcards. when people from
upcountry arrived by train in Dar es Salaam they were called wazungu wa reli. kanyaga
miwaya tread on wires gt get infected with HIV and miwaya wires gt HIV/AIDS. According to
our informants. fool could not be clearly traced. The comparison is motivated by the danger
associated with electrical gear. perceived as well off. basha homosexual man lt king in a suit
of playing cards. Other forms of entertainment such as games form the basis in cheza bingo
try ones luck lt play bingo. and wazungu sperm. this euphemistic expression must have been
revived recently. Most of them are euphemistic. since it seems to offer a conceptual scheme
where the speaker takes the position of a player in a football match. e. the other head down lt
king in a card game lt white man mzungu wa reli simpleton lt mzungu wa unga drug dealer lt
white man. the passive form pigwa bao to receive a goal in LyM means to be defeated.
where one sleeps head up. A goli goal is perceived as an area where one is in charge.
Electricity is used as a source domain for AIDS. wazungu sperm lt white colour. The
underlying common concept is that of consumption. The overall connotation of a goal with
success may contribute to this metaphor. We were told that in former times. The numbers
derive from the value of the respective cards. in pata shorti get a stroke from short circuit gt
get infected with HIV. The same connotation seems to be responsible for the metaphor .UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING based on the habit of men to wear sleeveless
Tshirts when washing cars in order to prevent their clothes from getting wet. a mzungu is
perceived as being welloff and enjoying life. and mzungu wa nne the king. The cognitive
motivation for mzungu wa reli simpleton. This accounts for phrasemes using kula eat to
express the activity of the male part in sexual intercourse. Football is a special source
domain. These cards ar called mzungu because they show Europeantype images.
and this is compared to the act of impregnating the woman chana neti tear the net. namely
Mateus ros. he calls her golikipa goalkeeper. Again the creator or speaker of LyM imagines
himself as a player on the field. . and this is considered as less attractive. Tuliza boli slow
down the ball metaphorically means to calm down. bastola pistols. and large hips of a
woman . when the shot has been too strong. which refers to the sweeper position in a match.
In respect with women the football metaphor is also activated. or to deescalate matters. Piga
bao shoot a goal compares the act of shooting a goal with that of ejaculating. we thought that
it had to do with sexual power attributed to women. From there the metaphor mvinyo wine
also made sense it is motivated by analogy of form between a special type of winebottle. The
football metaphor works also with regard to sexual relationships with women. it is not
surprising that it serves as a source domain of some importance. many metaphors which
seem to be far fetched on first glance turn out to be clearly related to the item in comparison.
in the end we realised that it was motivated by analogy of form between the silhouette of a
cowboy wearing his weaponbelt. wellproportioned female lower leg with full shin and slim
ankle in mguu wa bia beer leg. An example shall illustrate this. meaning beautiful. If there is
a housegirl she is called beki tatu back three. Cognitive motivation In fact. If his wife stays at
home as a housewife. sometimes perceived as a threat to men.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA magoli. Taking into account that football is a predominant pastime activity of male
youths in Tanzania. When we realised that a number of terms denoting large female hips are
related to weaponry. A woman with loose manners or a strong sexual appetite is called luzi
or kiluzi loose ball. However. However. LyM large female hipslt the silhouette of a cowboy
with a pistol on each side of his hips. then the goals net gets torn. The example of the source
domain football also makes clear that metaphors can cohere within a semantic frame.
comparing her with a ball in a match that is not under the control of the players. This
ignorance can even lead to misinterpretation. Kibendi pregnancy is another metaphor which
works through . the form of a bottle of beer turned upside down is taken as a model for the
shape of the ideal. respectively. just because he or she is not familiar with the preferred
principles of cognitive motivation. because he perceives her as waiting there to receive what
he brings home. pistol dito bunduki metonymic extension of LyM bastola Form is indeed a
preferred basis for metaphors and metonymies. whereas the slimmer shape of a bottle of
soda or a bottle of pepsi cola is the model for a thin leg with well shaped ankle in mguu wa
soda soda leg and mguu wa pepsi Pepsi leg. Thus. many metaphors are surprising to the
outsider. and large female hips. It is the whole frame that gives them their meaning. Mguu wa
tende elephantiasis leg is a leg where the ankle is not shaped. Seen in this light.
shuzi. or music bambataa. . small mobile phone lt match box kula kwa saiti mira eat ugali
with fish or meat. image karume. jazia sehemu za nyuma. referring to the question why
should I give you something A special case in point is the metonymies used by pupils for
school results. There we find the cognitive motivation of form gobole. tinginya. nundu. Other
instances of motivation by form are illustrated in .UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING analogy of form the large belly of a pregnant woman is compared to a pupil playing
the big drum in a school band. and thus different cognitive motivation. mavi. Another
example is the big behind of women. tukunyema. Motivation by dance style. kiptabo slim lady
lt SE portable mche wa sabuni large mobile phone lt bar of soap foma limau large mobile
phone lt bar of soap mayai car model Toyota Chaser with rounded back lt egg kiberiti small
car. one headup. kibinda nkoy. mkundu. taarabu. temporal coincidence with other
phenomena jero. thatched with grass karai division C lt metal basin kitambi division D lt belly
bendera division F lt flag kijiti division one in school exams lt small stick vijiti viwili division
two in school exams lt two small sticks Using different source domains. function alasiri.
wowowo. This can be well illustrated by the LyM lexemes denoting money. Motivation by
dysphemistic metonymy haja kubwa. ndmbolo. which has also led to the creation of multiple
metaphors and metonymies by different cognitive motivation Motivation by form baluni.
fungasha nyuma. This drum is carried in front of the belly. leads to multiple metaphors for
similar objects. msonge division A lt round hut. and even experience associated with money
uchache. without gruel lt side mirror at a car lala mzungu wa nne two people sleeping in
different directions lt doubleimages of king in playingcards. which are based on form . the
other headdown macho ya samaki car model Toyota Chaser with unrounded back and
narrow tail lights lt eyes of fish mguu wa kuku pistol lt hens leg namba nane wellproportioned
woman lt form of the number oo moustache in form of a circle surrounding the mouth lt form
of the letter o roho ya korosho tightfisted behaviour lt similarity of form between a cashewnut
and a questionmark. colour wekundu wa msimbazi.
but at the same time it produces the meaning large hips by metaphorical extension
motivated by the shape of a certain kind of winebottle. as for examples in ngoma. Thus. its
media and its icons are invoked in coinages such as the following bambataa big buttocks lt
name of Afrika Bambaataa. girlfriend lt address to a girl in a song of Mr. mikasi sex lt refrain
of a song Mikasi from Bongo Fleva by artist Ngwair. These are chesa virgin and gofu girl who
is not a virgin any more. kingasti beautiful.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA On the other
hand. Dar es Salaam. DR Congo. marijuana lt name of the Bongo Fleva musician Mtemba
from the group TMK who is said to smoke marijuana heavily. while in the phraseme kula jiwe
it means words which are to be swallowed. fiesta kind of TShirt for men lt name of the music
festival Fiesta. emoro ml bottle of CocaCola. chungwa virgin and chenza girl who is not a
virgin any more. Jiwe can mean money. piga bushoke sleep on the floor lt name of a
musician who had a song about a man who was mistreated by his wife and had to sleep on
the floor. slim girl. Nice.g. global and local politics and the media also finds its expression in
the heavy use of onomastic synecdoche which cognitively ties a general phenomenon or
experience to a special prototypical instance of it which is en vogue at the moment. a
character in a TV programme who was a chatterbox par excellence. All meanings are
probably motivated by the property of solidness. and girl. turning of the neck lt refrain of a
song by Vijana Orchestra. slim girl. mtemba temka Indian hemp. gun. Thus. ua bendi spoil
the show lt kill the band. macho balbu. modern life. short person is based on the name
Emoro. Some LyM neologisms seem to have been strongly popularised via songs.
Onomastic synecdoche The youths orientation towards popular culture. Chau. which can
mean AIDS. chauchau chatterbox derives from the name of Bi. Pop culture. a very small
singer in the Congelese soukous band Empire Bakuba whose enchanting charm resided in
his interaction with the . feruzi AIDS lt name of the rapper Ferooz who had a song about
AIDS. e. kingasti beautiful. . kibinda nkoi fat buttock lt refrain of a song from Kofi Olumide. In
a few cases the cognitive motivation of polysemic metaphors is not so clear. mvinyo wine is
taken to mean any alcoholic drink by synecdochical extension. nunga embe woman who is
not able to find a husband and nunga nanasi man who is not able to find a wife. and first
degree. girl.. adopted as the name of a popular African music program aired daily on Clouds
FM. feruzi AIDS is based on the name of the rapper Ferooz and motivated by his song about
AIDS. it is common to find the same SS source item to be used as a base for different
extensions producing different LyM items. Some metaphors structure target domains by a
symmetrical transfer of antonymic pairs from a source domain. mtoto wa geti kali girl who is
being guarded strictly by her parents lt song of Gangwe Mobb. promota someone who beeps
with mobile phone lt song of Mr. II promota anabeep. girlfriend lt song of Mr. a USAmerican
HipHopDJ. twanga pepeta mobile phone model Siemens c lt the name of the music band
Twanga Pepeta. Nice. shingo feni staring gaze.
The noun maimuna blockhead. a plantation and factory near Morogoro. Both of his
prominent features stoutness and power motivated the metaphorical transfer to the short
extra stick used to put in the wheeldrive gear in an old Landrover. jidunga for the meaning to
enjoy something could be derived from the phraseologism dunga sindano give an injection in
medical jargon by elision of sindano needle. probably referring to the Colombian drug lord
Pablo Escobar. Thus. The expression Kwa bi mkubwa is not dysphemistically motivated as
we suspected. who is also a very short person. the phrase niko mabaga Im broke refers to a
group of handicapped dancers called Mabaga. which is further extended to the target
meaning enjoy . as soon as its motivating context becomes inaccessible. Thus. a woman is
derived from the female name Maimuna. syringe and addition of the reflexive marker to
render the meaning give oneself an injection. but tend to become irrecoverable. to the
contrary. The phrase mambo mtibwa things are fine. Special cases of onomastic synecdoche
are involved in the naming of countries after their leading personage . For further examples
of onomastic synecdoche see section on LyM and the media.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp
ROLAND KIELING giant Pp Kall. someone who cannot understand a language. Multiple
semantic extensions Complications in semantic development often arise from a successive
application of several extensions which might still be transparent. expresses respect. This
stout man was the one who implemented unpopular political measures. where family
settlements are attributed to a head. kihiyo refers to an incompetent person who pretends to
be an expert and is allegedly based on the name of a former politician who used forged
certificates of higher education. The cognitive motivation is the perceived deficiency in both
cases. esp. sista P is an artist of Bongo Fleva music. This reflects a concept embedded in
traditional culture. kwa Mzee Thabo United Kingdom kwa bi mkubwa at the old ladys lt
Queen Elizabeth II The decoding of onomastic synecdoches often demands highly specific
background knowledge. . That is why sista P has become a synonym of emoro in denoting
short bottles of soft drinks. More global sources of onomastic synecdoche could be seen
above and in pablo drug dealer based on the Spanish name Pablo. taken from the context of
an advertisement for English language courses where a secretary upon receiving a
telephone call from an English speaking person does not understand a word and keeps
repeating mimi Maimuna. but. former secretary general of the CCM and the second man at
the side of president Nyerere. and that is probably what makes them so apt for the purpose
of delineation between those who know and those who do not. the phrase weka kawawa
insert the transfer gear in a wheel drive activates the name of the once prominent Tanzanian
politician Rashidi Kawawa. South Africa kwa Mzee Mandela. things are going well invokes
the name of a sugar cane variety which owes its name to Mtibwa Sugar Estate.
weka kawawa put the wheel drive in gear and bambataa big buttocks. An informant. the
onomastic synecdoche requires two steps first. meaning a man who has not got himself a
wife. obviously not knowing the song. The phrase weka kawawa insert the transfer gear in a
wheel drive is a metaphorical expression incorporating an onomastic synecdoche based on
the name of the once prominent Tanzanian politician Rashidi Kawawa. one head up. The
time factor also plays a role. Folk etymologies Generally. The phrase piga bushoke sleep on
the floor is based on the name Bushoke. the name of a USAmerican HipHopDJ which has
been used as the name of a popular African music programme Bambataa. it could easily be
imagined how these coinages will become opaque soon after the newspaper Alasiri and the
Bambataa radio program are stopped. In these cases people tend to knock up their own
etymologies which seem logic to them. Dar es Salaam. Finally. denoting the big behind of a
woman. Multiply chained metonymies or synecdoches such as this must also be held
responsible for the development of alasiri shillings. bambataa is an abbreviation of Afrika
Bambaataa. its memory has faded. is based on a dance style of that name.LUGHA YA
MITAANI IN TANZANIA something by metonymy under specialisation to the context of
injecting drugs. The metaphor is motivated by similarity in shape between the stout short and
strong stature of Kawawa and the short stick for the transfer gear. etymologies are
remarkably well known by a great number of LyM users. a musician who had a song about a
man who was maltreated by his wife and had to sleep on the floor. that it had to do with the
raucous skin of the hands of a bachelor who has to do the washing by his own. weka
kawawa and bambataa. the other head down. Therefore. Thus. This informant obviously did
not play cards. its etymology too is likely to fall into oblivion. Nunga nanasi. His hands would
look like an ananas nanasi Wowowo. explained. piga bushoke. wowowo was explained by
one informant as the admiring exclamations at the sight of such a behind. was by one
informant explained as sleeping position of two people. aired daily on Clouds FM. from
whose image the LyM term is derived. the name is taken to refer to the song. Our data show
that in these cases the form serves as preferred cognitive motivation. Alasiri originally
meaning afternoon has first been extended to refer to the afternoon newspaper Alasiri. then
transferred to those body parts which are prominently associated with this kind of music. In
the cases of alasiri. Each body then would have the form of a number . in this case. Mzungu
wa nne. and then in a second step to its price of shillings. and by another as . with feet
bended. Still in the periphery etymologies tend to become less known. denoting a sleeping
position of two people in one bed. in Swahili is called mzungu wa nne. then it is further
narrowed down to a particular salient event of that song. back to back. and thus did not know
that the king in a deck of cards. and the artist Bushoke and the politician Kawawa disappear
from the wider public scene. piga bushoke sleep on the floor. . has been brought up by a
popular song. But since it is not in fashion any more. when the memory of an event or
personality that had led to the coining of a LyM item becomes obliterated.
weka put. look from a distance kula mande commit group rape with a number of men
violating one woman kula ngozi sleep with a girl kula nyasi smoke marijuana kula nguo wear
clothes kula suruali wear trousers kula pamba be nicely dressed kula shaba get shot. and
mwaga pour. not tell something kula uroda make love. a name for South Africa. juu. Kipopo.
make off. was explained by reference to popo bat. kata cut. slip away resides in the
application of a manipulative verb such as chanja incise to a patient object which refers to a
huge landmark such as mbuga grassland. run away kula chabo. However. kula kona go
away. hit. . was explained by some people as being motivated by the good economic state of
that country which could be compared to a fertile area such as a valley bonde. because of
the restless behaviour of both. was frequently explained as motivated by the high juu living
standard there. tema spit. spy kula jiwe be silly.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING relating to a story of sodomy by a dog. who was barking wowowo. others
associated the position on the globe down with the term. piga beat. a synonym for Europe.
lamba lick. consume. consume kula vichwa get customers kula blanti smoke marijuana kula
bunda. a term to denote a woman who has not yet settled with a permanent partner. kula
chasi peep. i. Often a humoristic effect is achieved by a deliberate violation of their
combinatorial properties with respect to semantic compatibility. the humoristic effect in
chanja mbuga run away. Majuu. Thus. Verbs which feature most productively in
phraseologisms are kula eat. there is evidence that it could be derived from an older slang
term limpopo with the same meaning Ohly a . have sex .e. idiomatic combinations of verb
plus complement or adjunct. play the ignorant fool. Phraseologisms with kula eat. Bondeni.
see something without being able to obtain it kula mdeo peep. but some sources perceived it
as relating to the orientation on a map in the north upwards. Phraseologisms On the
syntactic level. be quiet kula kwa macho see nice food without being allowed to eat. LyM
owes much of its flavor to phraseologisms.
cheat piga bunda go away. defeat. spy out through the keyhole piga chini fall down. sleep
with a girl. go away. stop staring at kata kilauri drink beer kata kamba die kata gogo defecate
Phraseologisms with piga beat piga kibesi threaten someone with words piga bao score. get
stopped by police. esp.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Phraseologisms with weka put
weka kawawa insert the transfer gear in a wheel drive weka kibesi threaten someone with
words weka kipago leave without instructions weka tuta stand still. steal money lamba
mweleka fall down lamba njiti beat. slander. hit with a stick Phraseologisms with tema spit
tema mkwanja give away money tema ngeli. calumniate mwaga nyeti diffuse sensitive news
mwaga sera explain clearly Phraseologisms with kata cut kata stimu disappoint kata shingo
stare at. stop car Phraseologisms with lamba lick lamba dume be successful lamba fuba take
money. run away piga bushoke sleep on the floor piga chabo peep. ejaculate. forbid . win. a
woman by turning the neck. tema ungenge speak English tema sumu discredit
Phraseologisms with mwaga pour mwaga macho stare mwaga mtu kinyesi put blame on
someone.
cadge for. Thus. money. These phraseologisms often combine several strategies of
semantic manipulations. kula mdeo peep.g. do boxing piga nyeto masturbate male piga pafu
take a puff piga tarumbeta drink from the bottle. esp.e. with chabo kula chabo and piga
chabo peep. run away. i. niko bwi. nguo kula nguo and pigilia nguo wear clothes. nipo bomba
I am drunk. ask for money piga nao make love. have sex piga ndonga box. gossip piga tochi
have a look at pigilia nguo wear clothes pigwa bao be cheated. drug experience a and
experience of tight economic situations b. consume brings in a metaphorical transfer from the
domain of eating to the domain of acquiring customers. States of experience encoded by
locative predication a niko bunduki. niko chicha. niko mabaga I am broke. are restricted to
the locative predication based on the locative copulae ko and po. look from a distance. be
tricked.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING piga debe announce energetically piga
deo. kula vichwa get customers contains a synecdochical extension of vichwa heads for the
meaning customers pars pro toto. while kula eat. look from a distance piga desh go without
meal for lack of money piga fiksi tell lies. spy out. piga mdeo. e. niko mitungi. b niko rosto.
mdeo kula mdeo and piga mdeo peep. bunda kula bunda and piga bunda go away. i. be
robbed pigwa buti be abandoned There is some overlap in the use of kula eat and piga beat.
cheat piga fleva flirt with a girl piga jeki help piga kimya be silent piga kona have extramarital
sex piga maji drink alcohol piga mti. they contain metaphorical as well as metonymic or
synecdochical elements. piga miti make love. have sex piga mtu kijembe mock at someone
piga mzinga beg from someone.e. sponge. . Many LyM nouns and ideophones which refer to
states of experience in the widest sense.
friend which forms alternative plurals in class wachalii and class machalii. LyM seems to
preserve a situation of free variation of a form with or without prefix m. old man chizi
European. homosexual man mtambo bad girl minyenyele. important man with money. the
plural form of mchizi cool guy. white man Ohly a gt mchizi cool guy. and that gender /
includes the notion of powerful and dangerous entities. aggressor sela hooligan Ohly a gt
msela wild youth. providing a testing ground for hypotheses relating to the vitality of semantic
criteria in the assignment of nouns to genders. friend. the hypothetical precursor chalii in
class seems to have been borrowed from Sheng. and LyM reassignment to class might be
seen as a way to adapt and appropriate the item. friend babe stout Ohly a gt mbabe big and
strong man. the items listed in confirm the hypothesis ContiniMorava n. LyM neologisms offer
the chance to study the integration of lexical items into the morphological system of the
language. With mchalii boy. Thus. On the morphosemantic level. In cases such as dingi.
probably derived from a prior class noun sela hooligan in older Swahili slang. this process of
mprefixation might as well reflect a shift of nouns to classes / which had originally been
assigned to classes /. Thus. . bachelor kidosho gt mdosho beautiful girl Apart from simply
reflecting a formal adjustment of nouns to their morphological class. Gender / for powerful
and dangerous entities mlupo woman easily laid.d. still coexist. Drift of nouns with human
referents to class dingi gt mdingi father. Thus.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA This could
be taken as reflecting a strategy to construe stative experiential situations such as these by
spatial metaphors. prostitute in some contexts mshumaa gay man. This is manifest in a set
of LyM nouns in m. tyrant. in the absence of an attested plural wachizi in class .which seem
to be derived from prior nouns of similar meaning without mprefix. class and class plurals.
wasela and masela. miwaya AIDS Beside this. there is a tendency for nouns referring to
humans to be reassigned to class by prefixation of m. the allocation to class of machizi.
attested in Swahili slang reported by Ohly . must be interpreted as a morphological relic
which confirms the assumption that mchizi is really a secondary formation based on a
precursor chizi allocated to the singular class possibly identical with Ohlys attestation.
leading man. bachelor. young man. floozy. In the case of msela wild youth. nouns seem to
be reshuffled systematically from one gender to another. daddy.
the extent to which this type of phonotactic distortion is utilised in LyM and according to
which circumstances it might be employed is not at all clear. brother kondomu condom jero
TSh lt pajero shem lt shemeji Kihore kama kawa lt kama kawaida Acronyms sidii prostitute lt
CD changudoa Dizim lt DSM Daresalaam pedeshee lt PDG French pronounciation prsident
directeur gnral. . Johnson which operates with syllable metathesis.g.g. seen in the variant
nguja of the same item njagu. njagu police deriving gunja. affair.e. clipping. is that there is a
marked preference in LyM for certain kinds of lexical manipulation. hyperbole. deriving
jemaseana from anasemaje see .. a vowel shift i gt a and phonotactically motivated
assimilations of borrowings . Clusters of oral consonant plus preceding homorganic nasal are
mostly treated as belonging to one syllable in this formula. e. and composition which feature
more prominently in other types of deliberate Another type of deliberate phonological
distortion is the kinyume or maneno ya kinyume variety Steere . Clipping suru lt suruali
trousers denti student pl. acronyms . in lt SS ndani mtasha European lt LyM mtashi lt LyM
mtishi lt LyM mbritishi Assimilation of borrowings sevu run away lt SE save neti prison lt SE
net dili secret. The most frequent techniques of phonological manipulation are clipping . i.
madenti bro friend lt Engl. Sometimes the nasal is treated as belonging to a separate syllble
of it own. paraphrase. e. . Manipulations of form Formal manipulation of linguistic items does
not seem to be as prominent as the semantic manipulations discussed above. dysphemism.
However. deal lt SE deal What stands out in this profile. over others such as archaism.UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING . boss tizediara police car lt TZR Vowel shift igt a
barida cold lt SS baridi mbala two lt SS mbili ndina at home.
In the case of mavituz there is even double prefixing. A third parameter of distortion which is
widely attested in other urban youth languages of Africa such as Nouchi in Abidjan. . The
only instance of this found in LyM so far is an insertion of the English plural suffix s to Swahili
nouns. And the newly created item shobo trouble is freely used as basis of derivation and
phrasal compositions. Camfranglais in Cameroon and Sheng in Kenya is strikingly absent in
LyM morphological hybridisation. boaster. affairs vijamboz small affairs b bitozi fly guy. This
disrespect is expressed in linguistic shape by two features a phonotactic violence which
distorts the linguistic icons of the standard by truncation.e. b hyperbole and dysphemism in
the semanticopragmatic domain. This epenthesis might be motivated by Swahili restrictions
of syllable structure. i. This fits with the characteristic profile of urban youth languages and
antilanguages Kieling amp Mous where a general attitude of jocular disrespect towards
social and linguistic norms entails what one might call disrespectful ways to deal with the
linguistic forms that serve as a basis in lexical manipulation. a Morphological hybridisation
English plural suffix marginal kutafuta sana totoz to hunt for girls Kihore naona mavituz yako
I see the many nice things you have mamboz matters.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
language manipulation such as guild and reverence languages and professional jargons or
modernisation of vocabulary as intended by BAKITA. reflecting an aspiration for toughness
and an attitude of flirting with rudeness.e. the deliberate combination of lexemes and affixes
that do not belong to the same source. There are also examples where the English plural
suffix s is expanded to zi. to be seen in shobokea chum up. braggart lt SE beetles kipodozi
cosmetics. reflecting an advanced stage of integration of these hybrid plurals. clipping. It
seems as if the combined pre. make up lt SE powder uswazi town area in Dar es Salaam
where ordinary people live lt LyM uswaa lt LyM uswahilini The degree of integration of these
neologisms could be seen in the proliferation of derivatives forming lexical families. i. as in a.
swarm over someone. these nouns are also marked by a Swahili plural prefix. endear
oneself to someone and in shobo za kisista duu homosexual behaviour. as in b. Thus. With
the exception of totoz. the verb longa chat has founded a lexical family with derived nouns
such as longolongo empty words and kilongalonga cell phone.and suffixation serves the
expression of a gross exaggeration.
spesheli. beto. foto. luzi. kalikiti. or parallel processes could be responsible. ptabo. and
arosto. external. French . ngai. liamba. demu. dedi. janta. kiptabo. fotoa. bene. shiti. neti.
stimu. English figa. geto. broo.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING . bontaun.
borrowing also plays a prominent role. It must be born in mind that many borrowed items
become manipulated in form and / or meaning by the creators of LyM. pistol. pafomu. fegi.
nyeti. goto. goli. probably bomba. mshua. zama. pensi. fiti. kolboksi. sleng. mlami. waya.
chuma. shi. anti. faranga. nari. geti. misheni. bendi. staili. ndinga. bonga. msosi. pailoti. ziro.
mikiki. cheki. lupango. maindi. shorti. kikladi. laini. However. golikipa. traki. sauz. Indian
languages . tapeli choli. baunsa. dedi. All other donor languages only contribute to a minor
degree. muvi. mchuma. stori. saundi. denti. kota. fasta. bluu. fiti. ishu. dili. konda. chonde.
godi. kipodozi. freshi. motoa. tivi. pusha. bukua. stori. dizaini. maiki. maza. soksi. dola. pochi.
kona. . sizi. spidi. trausa. mdosi. bomu. simpo. ubao. tomoto. Italian . German . pasnali. feki.
pedeshee. wochi. dei. chapaa. Most of them seem to be borrowed from Sheng. dilei. tiki.
joblesi. chati. gofu. skendo. keroro. baunsa. gei. waya. but in some cases it could also be the
other way round. fiksi. anti. full. These are indigenous languages . antena. deiwaka. pati.
braza. chokolaa. shugamemmi. muvi. braza. bushi. kawoshi. geto. kombati. shepu. pini.
byee. kimini. About of the items are also found in Sheng . haluu. bloo. demu. kicheni pati.
desh. mustachi. Lexemes based on English account for about of all entries in the dictionary.
manzi. gemu. chai. godi. alora. and Russian . paundi. pafu. sopsopu. Most of the borrowing
happens with English . bipu. inspekta. katalogi. mento. poa. shwaini. kijasti. glasi. promota.
pointi tano. Donor languages The bulk of all lexical items of LzM are made up of material
from Swahili. ndula. smati. dozi. supa. propoza. shoo. taiti. homligi. kishua. poda. noma.
pigilia. sevu. jikata. deile. kili. totopaki. chalii. pointi. mataputapu. fegi.
misheni. we can only give very rough. This is testified by openers such as dili zako vipi what
are your plans. Therefore they lack elaboration for marking social stratification by indicating
respect such as Standard Swahili shikamoo marahaba. Therefore the more fleshy examples
below have been drawn from medialised and artistically manipulated discourse such as films
and HipHop lyrics . i. since this construction takes place at the discourse level. especially
financial ones. without a fully articulated thrust towards discourse.e. greetings are elaborated
primarily on the basis of exchanges among equals. negotiation of demands which includes
imposing and rejecting demands. independent of authentic discourse data collected by
oneself in the field. The construction of youth identities in discourse practice Looking into the
details of lexical manipulation which constitute neologisms in LyM is not enough in order to
find out about the linguistic construction of youth identities in Tanzania. One way to find
access to this complex. Since LyM is an emergent medium of horizontal communication
among youths. comics. with economic matters employed as a primary point of reference. The
generalisations presented here will have to be checked and elaborated by a discourse
analytical approach. is to explore how LyM usage is reflected in or manipulated via media
such as film.e. jocular dissing. calling for attention. or rather elliptical in misheni what are
your plans. and mimetic or distorted citations. instead solidarity is highlighted in greetings.
music. Minimal greetings are usually adjacency pairs of an opening question formula plus a .
michongo yako vipi how are your plans to lay hands on money going. This construction takes
place predominantly in interaction among equals. where the central terms michongo. slander
/ backbiting. who utilises LyM items as a communicative strategy in what kinds of contexts to
speak about what kinds of topics and to communicate what kinds of messages A
complementary line of investigation will have to take into account the attitudes various social
groups take on the LyM way of speaking see section . on attitudes. newspapers and the
internet see section . directive speech acts to tell someone off used as ritualised terminations
of failed negotiations.e. mitikasi also allude to slightly illegal ways of acquiring money. Since
most of our research so far was geared towards the lexical aspect of LyM. Therefore it will be
necessary to explore the performative and ethnographic aspects of the emblematic lexicon in
authentic discourse among adolescents in order to find out how LyM is put to use.LUGHA YA
MITAANI IN TANZANIA . a playful celebration of mutual insults. in constructing and
negotiating identities by presenting and representing to peers. the main function of LyM
resides in image work. i. recurrent events which could be identified preliminarily as discourse
genres or verbal routines where features of Lugha ya Mitaani typically prevail as markers of
identity are greetings. Therefore. boasting. ideally in the framework of the ethnography of
speaking. preliminary and general ideas of specific recurrent discourse practices that juvenile
users of LyM employ to construct youth identity. i. dili. Viewed from a sociological
perspective.
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING response. alright standard reply to kidanka
Negative responses to opening formula noma disaster. Opening question formula in
greetings michongo yako vipi how are your plans to lay hands on money going dili zako vipi
what are your plans misheni yako vipi what is your plan vipi mitikasi yako what are your
projects hali vipi whats your state mambo vipi how are your affairs dropping from use
kidanka. While in standard ways of greeting. there is big trouble msala trouble The emphasis
on solidarity among equals in LyM can also vividly be illustrated by its elaboration in the field
of terms of address . fine freshi. fine baridi cool. speakers are more or less equals babu.
calm shega fine kamili perfect. fine chee good. also from female to male. politeness only
allows for positive responses to the initial question.g. chelea pina excellent dropping from
use poa cool. fuleshi fresh. if there is a close relationship mwanangu friend between males
but also females. in LyM habits of speaking there is an option to respond either positively or
negatively . in kuna noma huku taiti tight yamebana my situation has become tight soo
shame. danka how is it the standard reply is chee Positive responses to opening formula
shwari cool. babu lake. e. complete juu ya mstari everythings fine kama Kenya like Kenya
aminia no problem pina. women may use it as a group . Terms of address broo friend
between males. especially if the addressee is older than the speaker. mzee friend mainly
between males.
Yule ni gashi wangu That one is my girlfriend Miye nnacho chuma changu I have a girlfriend
Boasting is complemented by admiration of others. . In actual discourse. typically girlfriends
figure as objects of boasting . wow indicating surprise chwee rega there is none hakuna
mukinga no problem utajiju / utajijeijei lt utajijua you will know yourself used as a warning or
reprimand Boasting is an integral aspect of the image work most youths do in order to
present themselves to others and to enhance their face. mchizi wangu friend between males
and females as a group jargon Since frequent juvenile discourse routines include
negotiations of financial demands.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA jargon towards males
and females. i. Its importance is attested by the lexical elaboration of this domain of boasting
SS ringa. but this remains to be reconfirmed by indepth sociolinguistic research. jisifia. . that
one is really great Du. to do damage to their faces by provocative invectives and namecalling
such as bwege and mbuzi in . no way term of refusal kavu no deal du oh. as understood in
politeness theory Brown amp Levinson . they may also use it towards women if they are
annoyed sista woman by male speaker anti woman by male as well as female speaker
towards a woman. which can be seen in where the speaker tries to enhance his own image
by an extremely positive evaluation of others to which he tends to see himself associated.
huyu demu ana bonge la bambataa Wow. Jamani. respectful shosti friend between females
kichaa wangu. We suppose that this practice is predominant among male rather than female
youths. LyM jigamba which comprises remarkably numerous synonyms or nearsynonyms of
boast without reason and claim falsely to be well off see . Discourse operators for calling
attention hoya / oya hey Discourse operators of rejection and agreement soo no. this girl has
big buttocks Another way to enhance ones image is to depreciate others.e. yule ni chuma
kweli Friends.. LyM displays a special elaboration in discourse operators used for calling
attention and for rejection or agreement .
but on the other hand it is frowned upon. This is reflected in a considerable lexical
elaboration in the semantic field of run away. kunjuka. One speech act which figures quite
prominently in negotiations of public image is to tell someone off and to drastically signalise
the termination of interaction and a rupture of social relations. Boasting provokes
counterboasting which may result in a verbal duel where the interlocutors try to damage the
others face by insults. make off chanja mbuga. jikata. piga bunda. but articulated in another
way. timua. by clothing. kipa bwana. Toka hapa. the addressees face could be attacked
simply by making explicit reference to the boastfulness of his behaviour . See for an
illustration of how a boasting sequence be is terminated by directives such as piss off i which
marks the transition to a sequence of jocular dissing jm. One common strategy to respond to
this pressure is to reject the boastful behaviour as baseless either by reference to property
and wealth or to cosmopolitan competence . arent you only a goat Wewe bwege nini Are you
a fool or something In this context. but not all of these terms could be used in directive
speech acts whose meaning boils down to piss off . Directives terminating an interaction by
telling off the interlocutor anza.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Unataka nini.
On the one hand. bwana. Most. ishia. chomoa. you are a person who has nothing
Unaniambia nini hapa. lala mbele. boasting is employed as a legitimate strategy to gain a
positive image. since it imposes a pressure onto others to draw level verbally. kipa. yeya.
ingia mitini. kula bunda bwana. piga bunda. kula kona. Anapovaa kiatu kipya huwa ana
mashauzi The way he is wearing his shoes shows that he is boasting. bwana Piss off. ondoa
/ toa kiwingu. niondolee kiwingu kiaina aina. lala mbele. jisanzue bwana. chomoka. man .
man ishia mbali huko Piss of here jiachie bwana. piga bao. mwenyewe ni wa kuja tu What
are you telling me here. yeya bwana Piss off. kula bunda. sevu. e. Acha kujikweza. you
yourself have only come to town recently If boastful behaviour is not verbalised. the
ambivalent communicative value of boasting comes out clearly. in order to expose and
humiliate the addressee as a bragger. yesa. tambaa. jiachia.g. wewe si ni mbuzi tu What do
you want. wewe ni mchovu tu Stop boasting without reason. jikate bwana. kula kona.
There are two examples of this from medialised discourse. what do you want Do you think
every girl to come to a nightclub has no money. Joan in rejects the advance of GK and AY by
using invectives such as muuzaji madafu seller of unripe coconuts. Stop making a fuss You
are making it an issue that I have come to dance with you.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA It seems as if LyM is employed by women to reject face threatening acts in the
sense of Brown amp Levinson such as offensive male sexual advances. taken from the film
Girlfriend based on Bhme a Joan Wewe vipi wewe Unafikiri kila demu amekuja Club hana
hela bwana Hey you. The setting here is in the nightclub Bilicanas with two rather
selfconceited HipHop stars. wewe kuku wa kienyeji unaniambia. Other instances of LyM
items being used could be found in the following contexts scene where the character Stella
plays the streetwise in front of her female companions by using ostensively LyM and
reproaching Zuwena. Sequence of jocular dissing. This genre of playful insults. another
female character. We have already danced with women like Miss Venezuela there. It is
exemplified in the following dialogue taken from the film Girlfriend. man Acha kumaindi.
empty words in her reply Acha longolongo we sema una shing ngapi stop this nonsense. And
what are you telling me. havent we met somewhere before. this easily results in a series of
mutual dissing. scene where the character Moe calls out mockery in LyM upon Stellas
leaving the hairdressing saloon. She. who launch a boastful advance to flirt with a girl called
Joan. just tell me how much money you have to reject Mchizi Mox blunt advance Hivi anti
nishawahi kukuona wapi girl. . feels annoyed and molested and rejects their blunt advance
which results in a sequence of jocular dissing. Na akina Miss Venezuela ucheze wewe You
dont really mean that you have danced with women like Miss Venezuela Spasta Baba Baba
Wenzako wanaingia na vimini. kuja kucheza na wewe umefanya dili. first observed by Labov
among Afroamerican youths in Harlem. serving a function equivalent to joking relationships
RadcliffeBrown . b GK c Joan d GK We roughly follow the translation and analysis of Bhme .
Thus. sisi tumeshacheza na akina Miss Venezuela huko. Im a superstar Man Other girls are
coming in miniskirts to dance. The girl in the lyrics of the song Mikasi by Ngwair ReusterJahn
switches to LyM items such as longolongo nonsense. GK and AY. annex here. of her lexical
ignorance regarding LyM. If in situations such as these the male interlocutor retorts. you
country bumpkin. however. is frequently employed to release tension in situations of potential
conflict Augenstein .
come here and hear what this girl says g AY h AY i Joan j AY k Joan Unaongea nini wewe
What are you talking about Wewe unamwambia nini yule What are you telling him Na wewe
unaongea nini wewe Kwenda huko And what are you talking Piss off Na wewe umekaa kama
mpanda farasi. Ray Cee Rehema Chalamila. kapten. you jerk. Cowboy presumably refers to
the girls dress. calm down. as illustrated above. and praising himself as a superstar. and a
predilection for fancy titles adolescents use among themselves such as inspektah e. In e
Joan takes up his line of selfpraise tinging it with irony and mockery.g. all adapted from
English. A further aspect of this is onomastic elaboration. to be observed in chat forums on
the internet. AY Ambwene Yeseya and GK Gwamaka Kaihula. Because of this practice of
dissing and because of the youths preoccupation with evaluating each other and others.
Inspektah Haroun. J DJ Jumanne alias Thomas Gesthuizen. superstar You superstar of
Tanzania We have seen Nelly O f GK to AY Njoo usikie huyu binti AY stands up and
approaches them. Hey. Wewe unajifanya mjuaji You smart aleck l AY m GK The scene starts
getting to its climax with a typical discourse marker wewe vipi wewe in a which is used to
signal Joans indignation and to reject the advance. GK then tries to boastfully impress Joan
by referring to all the beauties he has already been dancing with. their style of speaking has
such a high degree of semantic elaboration in the domain of evaluative terms for people. And
you stand here like a cowboy.g. kamanda commander. professor e. Professor Jay. brigedia.
Lady Jay Dee Judith Wambura. generali. . Hey. Wewe nini kofia kama muuzaji madafu.
characterised by stylised acronymic monikers such as Professor Jay Joseph Haule. what
kind of cap are you wearing like a seller of unripe coconuts Wewe tulia unatafuta nini hapa
wewe bwege tu. what are you looking for here.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING
e Joan We spasta Wewe vipi eh spasta Bongo Watu tumeona wakina Nelly O Wow. by
putting her into an inferior position as a country bumpkin. And from j through m there is a
kind of combat by calling each other names. dokta. kuku wa kienyeji. And you.
chaser mayai. vioo vya button. or is it necessary for them also to clearly belong to the LyM
register To put it in another way.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA e. a Chaser with
rounded back. geti kali. Rolls Royce. Rechenbach mentions two deviant . its super. the
young lad. none of the invectives marked by underscoring could actually be taken as
uncontroversially belonging to LyM. msela might as well have been derived from SS selea
remain in a place. sometimes Mercedes Benz Wakati msela kabwela . but in street slang a
msela is more like a teenager whos still got a wild youthful energy. msela gangster . This is in
sharp contrast to another piece of artful reflection of reality. Range Rover. In fact.forumthing.
things are nice. join a group. condensed in the lyrics of the famous song Mtoto wa Geti Kali
of the HipHop group Gangwe Mobb which abounds with LyM items such as mavumba and
mapene money. There are partly contradictory glosses for this item. Morino amp Nakazima
have mtu wa kawaida asiye na pato kubwa which seems to fit best here. Rolls Royce. but it
is rather the gesture of using any old abusive terms in a string of jocular dissing here.com.
King http//simbasportsclub. Zenji and Meya wa Msimbazi A lexical analysis of reveals two
remarkable points. First. she can choose Korando. However. fierce gate.g. Excerpt from
Mtoto wa geti kali of the HipHop formation Gangwe Mobb a Kwao Obay. mambo safi super
sio dizeli A fierce dog. kajamba nani While I. Raab b states that the etymology of msela is in
English sailor. On the other hand. it seems as if it is this style of vigorously celebrating LyM
lexical items which made them ghetto icons and major enforcers of street slanguistics
Khaemba . Those items which could marked by bold actually do not occur in the culmination
of the dissing exchange. If this is the case. ndani ina viyoyozi Prestigious transport.
Oysterbay. inside it has airconditioning Kila siku akitaka gari anachange Korando. the poor
one. the analysis shows that the frequency of key items from the emblematic LyM lexicon in
actual discourse is rather low. Oysterbay. not diesel Usafiri wa kifahari. In the elders Swahili
a msela is a bachelor. Second. have nothing This lexeme is not found in any of the Swahili
dictionaries. be attached to. electric windows. kubukua study intensively. Jenerali wa Fitina.
mara Mercedes Benz Whenever she wants a car. Masaki this girl is handsome Mbwa mkali.
Masaki Binti huyu mtanashati Her family lives in Obay. Range. kubonga talk. This raises a
question of delimitation is it enough for a stretch of discourse to qualify as an instance of LyM
style of speaking if this stretch contains abusive items in a string. we could observe another
semantic shift sailor gt bachelor gt wild and untamed youth. it is not just lexical items which
constitute LyM discourse.
LyM and the media In Tanzania. Thus in Unafikiri kila demu amekuja Club hana hela bwana
in a Joan alludes to a line in the HipHop song Sema nao by II Proud kila demu ninayemgusa
analeta mambo ya hela every girl I approach talks about money. sina hata baiskeli I live at an
ordinary place. a person who conceals his true motives / acts on false pretences who claims
to need something which he really does not need. she speaks English Anabonga ungenge.
dough overflowing Mtoto wa geti kali kidosidosi tena kishua the girl from the fierce gate. .
TemekeMikoroshoni. French Another aspect to this LyM style of speaking which has widely
gone unnoticed so far. french she speaks English. Private newspapers were allowed in
Kihore meanings unfair. and which operates by decontextualising and recycling manipulated
culturemes. kilatini. deceiver. she has studied a lot Anatema slang. etc. Ujamaapolitics with
its critical and restrictive attitude towards western culture gave way to a liberal orientation. in
the late fifties the press seems to have made use of some Swahili slang Reynolds .
hypocrite. and was reinforced by the introduction of multiparty democracy in . this girl has lots
of money at home Goto limekata. and mutually boost each other. she went to high school.
the media of popular culture and LyM are very much interrelated. manifest in what has come
to be called mimetic allusion and distortive citation in research on youth languages
Schlobinski. rich and secure Elimu imepanda kaenda kidato kabukua education of high
standards. spanish. However.. . TemeeekeMikoroshoni. I dont even have a bicycle Isitoshe
huyo mtoto kwao ana mavumba Moreover. In the ban on the import of video players was
lifted Bhme . Ohly a finally gives insecticide as a slang meaning. which started with the
political and economic turn at the second half of the s. This is a relatively recent
phenomenon. but pointed out in Bhme . Latin. is its intertextuality. arbitrary use of force /
power. Spanish. Kohl amp Ludewigt ff. fraud. anamwaga ngeli she speaks English. mapene
yamecheua Lots of money.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING naishi uswahilini.
popular literature. its up to you in order to attract clients. television in Mainland Tanzania
was introduced in . cartoons and short stories Kwa jumla maneno kama hayo yaliyoelezwa..
All in all words like those explained. which in LyM is called Bongo. In . Tabasamu. Kasheshe
use LyM boldly. video films. Thus. its cool. Never behind in recognizing trends. Television
shows. This was made possible by the Broadcasting Services Act of . Thus. . and the
internet increasingly become areas of LyM usage. referring to the nickname of Dar es
Salaam. street journals. The notion that LyM is subject to the standards of written form.
yanachangia sana katika kuyatilia uzito na mvuto maelezo ya vituko. the mobile phone
company Buzz uses the alliteration Buzz ni bomba Buzz is nice. because of their importance
in the streets. the fact that LyM is printed makes it stronger than it was when it existed only
as spoken language. ni poa.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA . Nipashe. which is
demonstrated in Figure . and cartoons. Whereas the true magazeti ya mitaani like Sani. The
slogan of the cigarette brand SM is SM ni fresh. Utajiju. Even smaller business people rely
on the popularity of LyM phrases like utajiju you will know yourself. but is just a name which
by its component . ni yako SM its fresh. street journals. Utajiju conveys a jocular meaning in
this context. one could read Akihutubia. Until then there was television only in Zanzibar since
. The programmes could also be received in Dar es Salaam. Translation URJ Conversely.
and private broadcasting also started in . contribute much to the significance and attractivity
of popular reports of events. visa na vitimbi mitaani. catalysing its stylisation and spreading it
rapidly all over Tanzania. Uwazi. the serious ones pit them in inverted commas to mark them
as a kind of quote. that it has an orthography.com does not exist as a website. kutokana na
maana zake mitaani. in promoting and popularising this speech variety in comics. Kihore
points out the role of the magazeti ya mitaani. gives it the qualitiy of a full language
Blommaert . the advertising agencies have also discovered the promotional potential of LyM.
and exploit it for their purposes. These measures brought about favourable conditions for the
development of new media such as the yellow press and video films.. a big manufacturer of
soft drinks launched a campaign employing the catchphrase maisha ni bab kubwa Life is
wonderful. . Macho. Maisha. stories. Tunu and Zungu etc. The power of LyM has become so
strong that even more serious newspapers like Nipashe and Majira cannot ignore it. Inspired
by American HipHop a new music scene developed which was named Bongo Fleva. its
yours. Rais Mkapa aliwafagilia wagombea In his speech president Mkapa praised the
candidates.com refers to telecommunication. such as Kasheshe. but not beyond. In all these
newly developed genres of popular culture Swahili and LyM play important roles.
The cartoon Kifimbocheza na wachafuzi wa lugha Letthestickdance and the
languagepollutors. a stand selling prepaid cards for mobile phones Dar es Salaam .com.
Appearing in the newspaper Sani since the late s Graebner it deals directly with LyM and
functions like an unofficial dictionary. .UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Figure
Utajiju. Formerly its title was Mzee Kifimbocheza na wachafuzi wa lugha. and gives their
translation in Standard Swahili Figure . In each sequence it introduces some new words and
phrases by illustrating their use in discourse. Beside its use in popular newspapers and
magazines LyM is increasingly employed as an expressive resource in popular literature
Acquaviva and in comics such as Madenge and Komredi Kipepe by Chris Katembo Beez . by
Abdul Karim Swago is a special case.
nyunyu is the smell of marijuana.. kapelo is police.. mh The kapelo can come any time.
translate for me the words you were talking Vumba is incense..LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA Figure Cartoon Letthestickdance and the language polluters Sani . and wajeda
are soldiers You fool Learn to love your national language Ebo . . just smoke. Thus. tizediara
are policecars. however. quick. Englert also observes a tendency for LyM to be used not as a
sociolect which permeates the entire lyrics. man. seems to reside in rap music called Bongo
Fleva Perullo amp Fenn . with a lot of witches Here we live with wajeda. as claimed by
Englert . Translation Ma My friend. looking at the lyrics of various performers Leysen it
seems as if it is rather the Temeke fraction of Bongo Fleva. but rather as a register which
could be switched on by the artist to voice a special message of involvement. Quick. the
ones from a poor background represented by Gangwe Mobb in who are inclined to use LyM
as a medium in their lyrics and not the posh East Coast section.. . It is very clear though that
it is not the case that LyM is the general rule in Bongo Fleva lyrics. there are neither kapelo
nor tizediara smoking marijuana is a normal thing here Is it. Englert . Ali Nkoma. you cat.
eenh Hurrah Come here. this nyunyu. as confirmed by one of our informants muziki wa
bongo fleva umeipa uhai mkubwa lugha ya mitaani Bongo Fleva music has given a lot of
vitality to the street language. man Dont worry. With permission of Sani. The point of
crystallisation. personal communication . if we could get some vumba to mix I mean. a piece
of it will make you feel good Here its not like at your place.
I mean. As a statal radio station it observed the commendations of BAKITA. Until the start of
private broadcasting in . Hiphop groups such as Wagosi wa Kaya Toroka are hired by the
government to spread educative messages about health. create an awareness of HIV/AIDS
and to raise funds for the Tanzania Commission for AIDS. Ohly reports kamanyola bila jasho
for bribe. ndmbolo.aol. Major Bongo Fleva formations such as Gangwe Mobb also have an
internet presence www. The musicians felt that nonstandard language sometimes was used
as a pretext to dismiss unwanted songs Graebner . Thus. like kibinda nkoi. More recently.
Raab b . taken from a song of the same name by Mr. the National Swahili Council. emoro
small bottle of Coca Cola lt name of a very small dancer in the Congolese soukous band
Empire Bakuba. Radio Tanzania Dar es Salaam held more or less a monopoly in
broadcasting music. Apart from musicians it is also other popular personalities whose names
are exploited for onomastic synecdoche . The cognitive motivation in these cases is form .
The style was created in the late s by the Orchestra Maquis Original Graebner
http//hometown. All these factors contribute to the enormous range of social networks
through which the LyM discourse style is spread. the name of the female protagonist in a
song by Marijani Rajabu recorded in . there are a number of terms denoting big female
buttocks that are based on dance styles.com/dpaterson/muziki. Hamis Mohamed Mwinguma
alias Mwanafalsafa.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING or display toughness. So
it is our duty to tell them something. sista P small bottle of Coca Cola lt name of the female
Bongo Fleva artist who is a . taarabu. The LyM term umwanameka inclination of a woman to
snatch a lover from another woman Mekacha . music played a role in the spreading of LyM
items. Even in the Ujamaa era. tukunyema. Nice.htm. the association of the artist with the
content of one of his songs or his habits . people listen to us. Kamanyola was a relaxed
dance style bila jasho without sweat that served as a metaphor for having things going
smoothly with the help of a bribe Ohly a . wowowo. Remmy Ongala contributed to the
popularity of the euphemistic term soksi socks for condome. Styles of music and dance
served as a source for onomastic synecdoches.com to distribute their products and
messages.gangwemobb. In one case the etymology could not be traced . was derived from
Mwanameka. The names of artists of popular culture themselves are often taken as a base
of onomastic synecdoche. which demanded the use of Standard Swahili. and Vijana Jazz
Band to that of the the term tapeli lt French tapeur for defrauder Graebner . commenting on
his antiAIDS song Alikufa kwa ngoma He died from AIDS stresses the educative mission of
rappers We are teachers. But quite different from today. In the s. these were exceptions.
urgency or desperation. A more recent example of onomastic synecdoche based on the
name of a character in a song is kingasti beautiful girl.
kingasti sweetheart lt Mr. feruzi AIDS lt song of Bongo Fleva artist Feruzi or Ferooz on
AIDS. mtoto wa geti kali rich girl protected by her parents lt Gangwe Mobb in song Mtoto wa
geti kali . a duo consisting of Inspekta Haroun and Luten Kamala. Nice in song Kingasti. who
is said to smoke heavily marijuana. by Wendo/Lister . twanga pepeta mobile phone Siemens
c lt famous music and dance band. was produced afterwards. another film with a similar
story. macho balbu. The film Girlfriend by Tyson/Tamba which plays in the Bongo Fleva
scene draws heavily upon LyM as an expressive resource see section for a dialogue from
the film. piga bushoke sleep on the floor song of musician Bushoke about a man who was
mistreated by his wife and had to sleep on the floor. mtemba temka marijuana lt name of the
Bongo Fleva musician Mtemba from the group TMK.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
short person. The emerging production of Swahili videos in Tanzania also makes use of LyM.
gaze after somebody lt Vijana Orchestra in song Penzi haligawanyiki. mabaga be broke lt
name of a band of two rappers with disabilities Mabaga fresh. cognitive motivation unclear. It
was broadcasted by TV as well as sold as video. mikasi sex lt Ngwair in song Mikasi .
Accordingly. The artists coin new terms as well as using those which have just been coined
by youths. It seems that the use of LyM contributed to its popularity Bhme . Bifu Beef. But the
creative role of Bongo Fleva for LyM goes further. shingo feni stare at something or
someone. Jay in song Zali la mentali . who have once been called major enforcers of street
slanguisitics Khaemba . Examples for the coining of new terms in Bongo Fleva songs are
given in . A leading role in this creative game is played by Gangwe Mobb. and was very
successful. . especially a woman. bouncer lt Zambian football player Njemba Njemba. full
kipupwe air cooled by Air Condition lt Prof. Often the phrases from the songs become
themselves popular and determine the use of LyM items in discourse. . although to varying
degrees. and popularise them through their songs. njemba njemba big strong man.
it is possible to apply them where necessary. Therefore. In the area of book production
BAKITA still exerts influence. Since LyM represents a groupspecific way of speaking
crystallising in a In the song Msela by the group Clouds Remes . Hicho pia nakiogopa.
Translation URJ The comprehension of LyM texts poses problems to the outsider. it makes a
difference if napiga zangu maji is translated as I take a shower or as I drink some alcohol.
Personal communication. halafu ngumu ngumu. It should not be a street word that is only
spoken at some places. Lisije likawa neno la mtaani ambalo linazungumzwa sehemu chache
chache.. for which the use of LyM is indispensable in order to appear realistic Kusenha .
Mbogo . Street languages now have got their own place.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp
ROLAND KIELING Novels riwaya once were the only domain where LyM was tolerated to
some degree. the most common LyM items can be found in many books. The novel Kijiweni
Moto Kusenha . I have to use the words which we commonly use in conversation. there are
novels which describe the life of vijana wa vijiweni or poor families in Dar es Salaam. forms
and meanings. . is supplemented with a glossary of LyM terms. especially in dialogues Ohly
a . Maneno ya mitaani ninayoyatumia ni yale ambayo naamini watu wengi wameshayaelewa.
Thats because I cant allow myself to become outdated. Especially Bongo Fleva lyrics which
employ LyM are often very difficult to understand. and this can lead to misinterpretations.
Although I dont like much to use them. which seems to be more appropriate in the given
context. A dictionary of LyM therefore is an important tool for understanding and interpreting
Bongo Fleva lyrics and other products of popular culture. LyM in a historical perspective Like
other urban youth languages. For example. Lakini katika namna unayoamini kwamba hili
neno watu wengi sasa hivi wanalijua. But you have to be sure that people understand the
word in question. a coeditor of Sani. a story about a kijana wa kijiweni. and very prolific writer
of popular novels made the following statement on his use of LyM Lugha za mitaani kwa
sasa hivi zina nafasi yake. young authors making more use of it than older ones. The street
words Im using are those of which Im sure that many people already know them. . or which is
difficult. Serialised stories in newspapers which are very popular also make use of LyM.
Kayombo . On the other hand. Due to the rapid change of the LyM lexicon. the dictionary will
have to be constantly updated. Ingawaje huwa sipendelei sana kuzitumia lakini inapobidi
unaweza ukayatumia. Sultan Tamba. video producer. LyM provides a rare opportunity to
study ongoing language change under specific conditions of deliberate manipulation of
linguistic norms. . Thats what I also fear. Kwa hiyo inabidi nitumie na maneno ambayo sasa
hivi tumezoea kuyazungumza. At present. Authors who seek recognition for their book for
use in schools therefore have to avoid the use of LyM. In the newspaper Sani there are
sometimes even two stories at the same time. Kwa sababu siwezi na mimi kupitwa na muda.
and from cases of hybrid linguistic behaviour such as codeswitching. However. i. English
interferences are mostly idiomatic in nature . an urgent need of communication in situations
where interacting groups have no common language. LyM does not owe its development and
existence to a state of referential emergency.e. and seems to be the jargon of fashionable
youngsters. and the mechanisms of change of linguistic norms. emergence of new codes.
LyM in contrast to other phenomena of language birth Urban youth languages such as LyM
are crucially different from other cases of language birth such as pidginisation and
creolisation. but need to create one. . It is assumed to be the medium of popular amusement
through music and comic books. i. Thus Blommaert notes that what he calls Kiswahili cha
Mitaani is a complex of Englishinterfered Kiswahili variants.. This function is already taken
over by colloquial Swahili acting as a medium of wider horizontal communication. appearing
in most of the urban areas of present day Tanzania.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA new
code which is distinct lexically from the standard code. c from other cases of emergence of
urban youth languages based on Swahili such as Sheng. and are heavily integrated. mostly
youths. Kisetla etc.. . . shaped in opposition to mark themselves off from the rest of society
and possibly growing slowly from a medium of resistance identity into a medium of a newly
emergent project identity Castells .. Codeswitching Urban youth languages such as LyM
often arise in multilingual contexts characterised by massive codeswitching. i.e. which is the
prototypical scenario of pidginisation and creolisation. Therefore it is necessary to delimitate
the LyM case a from other cases of language birth. the LyM case offers the chance to
address notoriously problematic aspects of linguistic change. Pidginisation and creolisation
In contrast to pidgin and creole languages. Moreover. Standard Kiswahili. create and
constantly transform this language as an icon of identity. it deserves to be viewed from the
perspective of language birth.e. . . synchronically the phenomenon of LyM itself is quite
different from codeswitching proper defined by MyersScotton as the selection by bilinguals or
multilinguals of forms from an embedded language or languages in utterances of a matrix
language during the same conversation. Campus Swahili. Here. The driving force behind the
rise of LyM is rather an interpersonal one related to selfexpression and identity city dwellers..
such as pidginisation and creolisation vs.. even if Swahili/English codeswitching is taken as
the historical starting point in the development of LyM. namely that of the urban youth. b from
cases of hybrid linguistic behaviour such as codeswitching vs. such as principles of semantic
change.
but as soon as it has come to acquire the deviant meaning youths sleeping room. Thus.
however. switching to Standard Swahili terms maskani or bweni would not be recognizable
as an act of switching against a Swahili matrix. Thus. Switching to English youths sleeping
room which is readily recognizable as a switch would. First. used either in monolingual
speech or in codeswitching. Moreover. They are rather cases where switching is obligatory.
they do not concern the large majority of lexical items which constitute LyM and owe their
existence to formal or semanticopragmatic manipulations of Swahili items. however. Fifteen
years ago Blommaert noted an increase of the popular esteem for American English. In this
case. as observed by Kihore in the context of the magazeti ya mitaani. it marks some kind of
antisocialist underworld in which individual performance. be avoided since it lacks elegance
and the unique sense of humour which arises from the tension between context of
application and etymology of LyM geto. at a certain point the English sourced term geto
might have entered in codeswitching situations to refer to an actual ghetto. MyersScotton
employs the distinction of cultural borrowed vs. money and other material commodities are
central values. It is now part of a threefold paradigmatic relationship of potential choices of
switching involving a Swahili term such as maskani on the one side and an English term
such as youths sleeping room on the other. whereas core borrowings are usually introduced
by bilingual speakers through codeswitching alone. these considerations only concern the
minor English sourced portion in the emblematic LyM lexicon. dili and cheki. It is also not
simply borrowing. switches such as geto. Finally. For them the defining criterion of
Swahili/English bilingualism is certainly not met.g. It is therefore clear that the LyM type of
Swahili/English language mixing cannot be equated with Swahili/English codeswitching of
any type. displayed in Kiswahili cha Mitaani alias LyM where the use of English idiomatic
expressions serves as a mark of worldliness. but there are also core borrowed items. core
borrowed forms as diagnostics to their origin in codeswitching cultural borrowings are
introduced by influential individuals or groups. In this framework many English sourced LyM
items qualify as cultural borrowings. many users of LyM only have a most rudimentary
knowledge of English. In this latter case it is not obvious which kind of codeswitching could
have been responsible for their creation. which do not fill lexical gaps in the matrix language.
of being young and daring. dili. the switch has become lexicalised as part of a new code.
seems to have changed in present day multiparty Tanzania where insertions from English
are rather on the retreat.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING There are three
reasons why LyM cannot be equated with Swahili/English codeswitching. cheki etc. Second.
e. see are fixed. the lexical items of the emblematic LyM lexicon are not eligible to switching.
This again raises the suspicion that it is very likely that codeswitching must have played a
crucial role in the rise of those LyM items. these lexical switches have become fixed as a
result of their developping meanings deviant from their original sources. . since the English
sourced items could frequently be seen to have been subjected to formal and semantic
manipulations. but rather replace preexistent items of Standard Swahili. Here. This.
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA In a historical perspective, the Kiswahili cha mitaani
alias LyM type of Swahili/English language mixing is also very distinct from other types of
Swahili/English mixtures which arise via codeswitching, e.g. the one described by Blommaert
amp Gysels as Campus Kiswahili, a sociolect of Kiswahili spoken among Tanzanian
academics on and around the Dar es Salaam University Hill Blommaert amp Gysels and
which is basically Standard Kiswahili with intact lexical insertions from English as in .
Codeswitching of the Campus Kiswahili type Shule zilikuwa nationalized karibu zote . Shule
zilitaifishwa karibu zote. Almost all schools were nationalized. Both varieties, Campus
Kiswahili and LyM, agree in a couple of parameters, e.g. in that they signal informality,
ingroup and cooperativity. But they also differ considerably with respect to the parameters of
user group, linguistic competence of users, linguistic attitudes and social aspiration of the
users, adherence to linguistic norms, and maybe also the type of codeswitching involved,
pointed out by Blommaert amp Gysels and explicitly condensed and summarised in table
Table Comparison of Campus Kiswahili and Kiswahili cha Mitaani alias LyM Campus
Kiswahili Codeswitching type which gives / gave rise to the variety Users linguistic
competence Users linguistic attitudes and social aspirations Kiswahili cha Mitaani Marked
CS, motivated by exclusion Unmarked CS, marker of solidarity Full access to and
welldeveloped Restricted access to English communicative competence in both source
codes, English and Swahili Double allegiance to Tanzanian identity signalled by Kiswahili
and academic / urban identity signalled by English, kind of guild language in that one of its
functions is to mark social privilege and claim respect Social privilege, symbolic boundary
Strict adherence to the norms of both codes Constitution of a deviant new social identity of
young urban nonacademics, created by linguistic bricolage / creolisation antilanguage
Egalitarian, inclusion Violation of the norms of both codes English insertions are manipulated
Tanzanian nonacademics
Users linguistic aspirations, social identities indexed Linguistic norms
Lexical manipulation None English insertions are kept intact User group Tanzanian
academics
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING In terms of MyersScotton the CS between
Swahili and English which constitutes Campus Kiswahili is of the marked type, i.e. every
single switch could be demonstrated to have a special function in discourse, whereas the CS
of LyM is rather of the unmarked type, i.e. the pattern of switching itself is significant as a
marker of a new identity within a multilingual scenario where speakers feel to belong to
neither of the linguistically defined groups any more. In CS of the Campus Swahili type
described by Blommaert Swahili speakers draw on their competence in English to mark
themselves off as wasomi or intellectuals, reflecting their aspirations for an imported identity,
used to distance others or intimidate them and to demand respect. The unmarked type of CS
rather reflects the linguistic creation of a new urban identity where CS rathers serves to
create solidarity and a feeling of inclusion. While the Campus Swahili users symbolically
demonstrate their double allegiance to the traditional Tanzanian sphere by using Standard
Swahili and to the academic World by inserting correct English, strictly observing the norms
of both codes, the LyM users rather violate both codes by manipulating Swahili and English
lexical items on all structural levels which reflects the attitude of not belonging to neither of
the worlds represented by both linguistic codes and a creative creolistic appropriation of
patterns from both worlds, African and European, without feeling to belong to the traditional
African world symbolically represented by the use of Kiswahili nor to the modern Western
world symbolically represented by the use of English. The spirit in this is rather to pick up
material from all available sources and to form something new from it without respecting the
materials integrity. Actually, conscious manipulation of lexical items reflects a spirit of
opposition to and disrespect of the norms and identities of which the codes are emblematic.
.. Lugha ya Mitaani and Sheng If we compare LyM in Tanzania with neighbouring Sheng in
Kenya we find some similarities they share the same function as an urban youth style of
speaking, they share the same morphosyntactic frame, i.e. Swahili, and the wider linguistic
ecology with Swahili and English as major languages in contact is similar. But apart from this,
LyM and Sheng, differ in two important respects in the strategies employed for lexical
manipulation and in the public awareness of the phenomenon both at national and
international level. With respect to the national perception of the phenomena as well as to the
perception of the scientific public, Sheng seems to have attracted much more attention so far
than LyM. There is an abundance of papers, articles, BA and MAtheses on Sheng Abdulaziz
amp Osinde , Amisi , Githiora , Kingei , Mazrui , Mbaabu amp Nzuga , Moga amp Fee ,
Muriithi , Mutahi , Ngesa , Nzunga , Osinde , Raymond , Shitemi , Spyropoulos , Sure ,
Tengo . Sheng has also instigated an intense debate among Kenyans teachers, pupils,
politicians and everybody concerned with the educational sector mostly in the paradigm of
falling standards, corruption of language
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA and declining linguistic abilities of students. And it
seems to be much more perceived as a threat to linguistic norms than LyM in Tanzania.
There does not seem to be a similar debate currently going on in Tanzania on such a large
scale as with Sheng in Kenya. In contrast to Sheng which integrates a lot of lexical items
from Kenyan languages such as Luo, Kikuyu, Maasai, Luhya, Giriama and Taita Githoria and
from English, LyM does not seem to incorporate material from indigenous Tanzanian
languages on a large scale. The only exceptions found so far might be rupango / lupango
prison, related to SS pango cave, though with a nonSwahili form of prefix of class taken from
another Tanzanian Bantu language, chonde please and liamba morning, both probably
borrowed from Yao, Makonde or Mwera, mkulu president, and kasheshe misfortune which
instantiates the marginal intrusion of the nonStandardSwahili class prefix ka. Also the English
contribution to LyM is not as marked as in Sheng. Recently Kihore even observes that they
are rather on retreat in the magazeti ya mitaani mikopo hii i.e. from English, RK bado
inajitokeza hapa na pale, katika magazeti mengi maneno ya aina hii yamepungua sana
katika makala mbalimbali. These borrowings from English still appear here and there, but in
many newspapers words of this kind have decreased much in different articles. This is
different in Sheng which has integration of Kikuyu items such as kuthora along with items
imported from English such as leitisha delay . Also the general amount of lexical transfers
from English is much higher in Sheng than in LyM. Sheng integration of nonSwahili items into
a Swahili matrix kuthora madoo za mathee to steal my mothers money Abdulaziz amp
Osinde kuthora lt Kikuyu steal madoo lt Swahili donge amount of money or American English
slang dough mathee lt English mother with deformative suffix ee Sheng integration of
nonSwahili items into a Swahili matrix woyee tichee usiniruande, buu ndio ilinileitisha Please
teacher, do not beat me I am late because of the bus. Abdulaziz amp Osinde woyee tichee lt
English teacher with deformative suffix ee ruand lt Rwanda onomastic synecdoche buu lt
English bus with clipping of final consonant leitisha lt English late with Swahili causative
suffix. Sheng clipping and ending in i or e hedi quotheadmasterquot futi quotfootballquot hosii
quothospitalquot bufe quotbusfarequot
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING kole quotcollegequot bake basketball besti /
beste quotbest friendquot handii quothandwritingquot platii quotarchaic, old fashionedquot lt
quotplateau shoesquot But it is not only lexical input, Sheng also employs morphological
strategies imported from Kenyan languages other than Swahili, e.g. a nominal prefix o plus
suffix o taken from Dholuo in . Sheng circumfixation of Dholuo o o odijo teacher lt English
teacher ojungo European lt Swahili mzungu oduko shop lt Swahili duka obaro street lt
Swahili barabara onyato Kenyatta National Hospital okongo Makongeni estates odiro window
lt Swahili dirisha onanoo banana lt English banana oshagoo house lt Kikuyu gecagi jackoo
jacket lt English jacket chapoo pancakelt Swahili chapati faroo horse lt Swahili farasi filoo film
lt English film zamo quotlong agoquot lt Swahili zamani Moreover, in Kenyan Sheng there is
massive restructuring of the Swahili grammatical frame taking place in that the gender
system is simplified in favour of a twoway opposition with class / for humans vs. / for
nonhumans Ferrari which consolidates a trend already observed by Heine ff. for a vehicular
Swahili variety he calls Kenyan Pidgin Swahili. This kind of simplification is definitely not
characteristic of what is going on in LyM. Summing up, the decisive difference between LyM
and Sheng in spite of major similarities is that the element of deliberate hybridisation Kieling
amp Mous characteristic of Sheng and most African urban youth languages is largely absent
in LyM Table .
Table Official roles of languages in Tanzania and Kenya Tanzania official languages
administration primary education higher education alphabetisation. Tanzania has largely
succeeded in implementing and elaborating Swahili as the widely accepted and
unchallenged medium of national communication in almost all domains of official language
use. S E S. all of this rather reflecting an implicit trilingual exoglossic concept of language
policy Reh amp Heine . S Swahili. The impact of this practice on the lexical shape of LyM in
general remains to be seen. somewhat halfheartedly and rather clinging to English as an
official language. E English.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Table Strategies of lexical
manipulation in LyM Tanzania vs. E S S S. promoting English norms. Table roughly captures
the resulting difference in the status of Swahili in both countries. excluding on the one side
indigenous Tanzanian languages and on the other side pushing back the use of English
which seems to be restricted to the domains of instruction at university level in Tanzania
Batibo . with major ethnic groups such as Kikuyu and Luo claiming national representation
and challenging the status of Swahili. Sheng Kenya LyM Tanzania Grammatical matrix
Grammatical simplification of the matrix Borrowings from English Borrowings from
indigenous languages Deliberate morphological hybridisation Phonological manipulation
clipping Semanticopragmatic manipulations hyperbole. adult education S. Kenya on the other
hand has only considerably later introduced Swahili as a coofficial language. E. . Swahili rare
almost nonexistent almost nonexistent Sheng Kenya Swahili frequent The ultimate reason for
this contrast is the notorious difference in the overall linguistic ecology in both countries.
Gerhardt . the outcome of a longstanding monolingual endoglossic language policy of
Swahilisation aimed at national integration Abdulaziz Mkilifi . E S Kenya E. I E S. I
indigenous languages other than Swahili. I The hiphop formation XPlastaz celebrates the
image of Maasai in Bongo culture and experiment with importing Maasai language into their
lyrics. dysphemism etc.
This in turn might be the reason why LyM has not received as much attention as Sheng has
which is much more of a salient linguistic phenomenon with its hybridisations than LyM and
much more of a provocation with respect to violation of linguistic norms. . Sheng in Kenya
represents the creative effort by the youth to do two things at the same time to appropriate
the excolonial official language English and to indigenise widespread Swahili to make it an
acceptable medium for communication and identification to all Kenyan youth. in order to form
LyM as their icon of identification which gives this code a much more homogeneous and
tame appearance.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING In most African countries.
heading for hybridisation as a sociolinguistic means to ease the tension between antagonistic
roles of national languages. Youths in Tanzania rather resort to strategies of manipulation on
the semanticopragmatic level exclusively. Kieling amp Mous . This is accomplished by
accommodating and manipulating lexical items from major Kenyan languages such as
Kikuyu and Luo on the one side and from English on the other. In Tanzania on the other
hand. Thus. implementing and expanding Swahili in all public domains of language use
renders both of these functions obsolete. This functional contrast is reflected in a difference
in the linguistic makeup of the youth jargons. Thus. it appears that the form urban youth
language takes in Tanzania visvis Kenya reflects very well its functions and could therefore
be viewed as an indicator of longterm macrosociological trends and a manifestation of the
effects of endoglossic vs. undermining or transcending its normative regime. Therefore the
only driving force that could be held responsible for the rise of LyM in Tanzania is the
intention to create an icon of youth identity by jocular violation of linguistic norms. and forging
it into a widely accessible medium of horizontal communication Kieling amp Mous .
irrespective of their partly antagonistic ethnic backgrounds. based on Standard Swahili items.
where Sheng heavily draws upon external nonSwahili resources of lexical creation. or even a
standardized African language of wider communication such as Swahili. urban youth
languages serve at least three major functions a creating an icon of youth identity by
opposition to mainstream linguistic norms. such as English and major Kenyan languages. b
transcending ethnicity in multiethnic and multilingual urban settings where ethnicity cannot
serve as a basis of forming new identities. exoglossic language policies. since they are taken
over largely by Swahili itself transcending ethnicity symbolised by local languages and
decolonizing the mind by appropriation of English. the consistent endoglossic policy of
promoting. c appropriating an excolonial official language of exclusion. Psychosocial
alienation and exclusion felt by the urban youth seems to be much more acute and strongly
indexed linguistically in Kenya than in Tanzania.
Semantic change One may wonder and ask why study ephemeral forms of language use
such as LyM where new linguistic items pop up every other day. Mere lists of words are not
sufficient. Thus. Thus. Thus.e. e.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA . Or to put it the other
way round. since due to its accelerated pace under these particular circumstances of
deliberate manipulation change actually becomes observable in real time and could be
revealed in longitudinal studies on a reasonable time scale.g. if the attestation in Ohly a as
chizi European. motivated by an attitude of admiration. the proliferation of various
synonymous terms. the etymology of mchizi cool guy might remain a puzzle and speculating
about an origin in SE cheese seems to be farfetched. one should be able to come up with
sound chronologies of generations of lexical items replacing prior ones in what Ohly a ff. and
observe which of these items catch on and why. It is exactly this rapid change of linguistic
norms which makes LyM an attractive and fascinating phenomenon. more than of Ohlys data
i. being increasingly replaced by saus. the link becomes plausibly transparent by two
semantic extensions the extension from cheese to European motivated by colour and
another subsequent extension from European to cool guy. calls the vertical structure of the
lexicon and which he illustrates in detail with the meaning bribe Ohly a f. This allows us to
trace the steps of semantic development which eventually result in dramatic shifts in
meaning over a short time span and relate them to external social circumstances. From a
general perspective. most of them doomed to disappear very soon again The radical rate of
lexical change in LyM is revealed in a comparison of the data collected between and
Appendix with the Swahili slang data listed in Ohly less than of the modern LyM items in the
dictionary i. however. items of could plausibly be demonstrated to link up with items in Ohly .
Keeping an accurate record of the lexical development of LyM. Up to now. which has
changed its range of synonymous forms dramatically from first attestations in Johnson via
Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu up till . years already make Ohlys data historical.e. A more recent
example is bondeni South Africa which is said to be outdated. . white man is taken as an
intermediary stage of development. This example illustrates the necessity to keep a record of
the rapidly changing semantic ideas condensed in neologisms that keep popping up. In other
cases one is confronted with what seems like series of synonymous items competing for the
same meaning with no clue as to potential parameters of distinction. However. they are just
the vantage point of research into their etymology and their use. information about the
historical succession of lexical items is still rather scarce and blurred. the stage observed by
Ohly himself. identify as precisely as possible their sources. which dramatically illustrates the
fast rate by which phenomena in urban youth jargon change. the study of urban youth
languages in Africa and LyM in particular has a lot to offer to the understanding of language
change. about items from roughly seem to have fallen from use or otherwise to have
undergone semantic change.
Change of norms affects LyM items in two ways disappearance vs. kisu. michuzi. At the
same time the use of itwa be called in this context could be seen as a strategy of
externalizing the intention to get off. weka tuta put a speed bump is used for referring to the
prototypically subsequent action of which it is an indicator stop the car. the artist Bushoke
and the politician Kawawa disappear from the wider public scene. mavumba. since they
mostly include cases where a certain term is used to refer to an action or an event which is
the consequence or the manifestation of the event or action actually encoded in this term and
where it is only a very specific context of everyday experience which links these two events
and thus motivates their association of meanings. fuba. the coinages alasiri shillings. regional
or stylistic parameters of use. raises the suspicion that these items actually differ in social.
ndata. Due to an increase in medialised intertextual discourse.e. ngawila. semantic shifts
sometimes owe their transparency to motivating links which depend on ephemeral figures
and institutions of public life. It has not been possible to confirm if all of these synonymous
terms could really be used interchangeably or if there are finegrained semantic differences
involved which have not been noticed so far. weka kawawa insert the transfer gear in a
wheel drive and bambataa big buttocks could easily be imagined to become opaque as soon
as the motivating background changes. an experience of which crying is a typical
manifestation. ndula. mapene. i. mafweza. Thus. And lia with its original meaning cry. in an
utterance such as haya washirika. piga bushoke sleep on the floor. Thus it is only its usage
to call for getting off from a bus which makes a Standard Swahili phrase such as kuitwa
mbele to be called to the front deviant. i. promotion to standard. uchache. it is not clear if
some of these terms are already outdated or to which extent they are restricted
geographically or socially. Some LyM . Also the motivation of most of these items is not
transparent. soon after the newspaper Alasiri. jiwe.g.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING four terms for police mwela.e. e. Semantic change frequently seems to start out as
a slight pragmatic shift involving an indexical relationship between events which are
sequenced in a behavioureme. goto. it is not clear by what kinds of strategies of lexical
manipulation they may have arisen. mshiko. In a similar vein. ngudongudo. Shifts such as
these might be labeled pragmatic metonymies. the schematic order of any culturally relevant
activity. faranga. weep is used to refer to despair. vumba. Sociosymbolic change LyM and
other urban youth languages offer a rare chance to study language change in progress under
specific conditions of deliberate manipulation of linguistic norms. the Bambataa radio
program. lets get off. lose all hope. resign oneself. i. The semanticopragmatic extension is
motivated by a situational metonymy where moving to the front in a crowded bus implies the
intention of getting off. However. tushuke well folks. mbumba. tunaitwa mbele instead of
haya jamani. . mkwanja. njagu and seventeen terms for money chapaa.e.
as observed with other urban youth languages in Africa such as Indoubil Goyvaerts and
Nouchi Kouadio Ngessan . timua make off. and apply them in the context of LyM usage in
various groups in Dar es Salaam. There are twenty lexical items in our database which are
not in the Standard Swahili Dictionary . becoming more and more of an asset of a
progressive urban identity One way to tackle these questions in a more principled way would
be to use social network analyses la Milroy . Im a young one. as already employed in African
contexts in Russell and Salami .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA items fade out and drop
from use due to their loss in appeal which is followed by replacement by more fashionable
synonyms. kasheshe. Other LyM items lose their affiliation to LyM because they spread
beyond the group of adolescents a trend which might be seen in items such as demu.
misfortune. Viewed from the users perspective.e. More recent items which have been
promoted to lugha ya kawaida. Other items lose their emblematic value because they are
appropriated by other user groups with whom the juvenile users do not want to associate.
notoriously hard to explore Who are the instigators and agents of linguistic change Who
creates new linguistic norms How do these norms spread Regarding spread and
transformation of LyM. kibao and kitimoto which seem to be used by adults widely. some
items lose their attraction because there is a fresh synonym which activates more attractive
or uptodate connotations by contextual meaning components. but in the edition e. but have
become accepted by the Standard Swahili Dictionary Ohly a . one may ask is it only
adolescents who use LyM as their code Does use of the emblematic lexicon signalise hey.
viewed in the paradigm of falling standards Or is there a positive attitude towards its merits In
a way Tanzania is special in Africa because of its consistent endoglossic language policy.
This allows for addressing evergreens in historical sociolinguistics. common usage. Thus. i.
uroda. just as former slang items such as chai and chauchau for bribe have not only entered
colloquial use. by source domain associations or by creative wit / appeal of the coinage. and
seem to be on their way to make a career in the standard are kizaazaa trouble. Dizim
DaresSalaam and chuma beautiful girl are in the process of being replaced by Bongo and
kingasti. or does it rather signalise Im tough and wise and know how things in the city work
Through what channels and by what kind of mediation does this spread take place And what
is the overall impact on Standard Swahili Is it only some lexical items that leak through and
become adopted also by older generations Or is it the style of speaking LyM which is
appropriated by other social groups. longa chat. These examples confirm the point that there
is a trend for lexical and phraseological neologisms to start out as being confined to
adolescent styles of speaking and then spread to wider colloquial use. This explains why the
linguistic alienation felt by ordinary people has never been as . kizungu English language.
respectively.g. This should be combined with an exploration of the attitudes of various social
groups towards this variety of Kiswahili is it bewailed as a symptom of linguistic decay.
changudoa. run away.
It seems to be on the brink of spreading beyond the group of the youth. or a speech style.
problem. evil. youths being the creative force in this process. Some lexical items such as
demu girl lt Engl. and confined to informal settings. LyM fits with what is found in other urban
youth languages all over Africa. Kikuyu and Luo. Kongo. Swahili in Tanzania lacks this
stigma. It is not static but changes dynamically. globalisation. becoming a marker of an urban
identity. i.e. bonga talk and noma bad. One of its salient features is an emblematic lexicon
which is created by deliberate manipulation of Standard Swahili and to a much lesser extent
of English items. widespread full competence in Swahili political and economic liberalisation.
being grounded in the sociological situation in Tanzania. contrasting with Kenyas
indeterminate standing . by what kind of mediation and in what direction LyM and
neighbouring Sheng could have influenced each other. doom are attested in both varieties.
LyM does not take recourse to the strategy of morphological hybridisation. . The acceleration
and increase in power of creative linguistic deviation from standard forms started in the late
s. Senegal. but at least in two respects it deviates from this general pattern there is no
massive integration of borrowings neither from English nor from indigenous languages.
predominantly male. however. This stands out in comparison to neighbouring Sheng which
has lots of input from English. such as Ivory Coast. Conclusion Lugha ya Mitaani in Tanzania
is a complex linguistic phenomenon which. It is. The strategies used for manipulation clearly
reflect its general character of a jocular opposition to linguistic norms and a spirit of
challenging social consensus.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING painful as in
other African countries that adhered to a moreorless strict exoglossic language policy. South
Africa. Although colloquial Swahili speech has existed since long. Contributing factors are
multiethnic communities in the towns. The new style of LyM which emerges in Tanzanias
cities could be classified as an urban youth language instantiating youth identity on a
discourse level. or Kenya. it was formerly much more restricted. depending on contexts.
dame. This is taken to be an outcome of Tanzanias monolingual endoglossic policy of
Swahilisation. the media. In this. the urban. not clear if this correspondence is due to mutual
contact or to independent borrowing from the same contact partner. and a changing
awareness of youths on their role in society. the excolonial language to become a horizontal
medium of communication. Cameroon. a register. Therefore it might be too early or even
irrelevant to ask in what way is the Standard Kiswahili affected by LyM Another perspective
fairly unexplored is to what extent. can be used as a sociolect. In these countries urban youth
languages become more readily adopted as languages of wider communication in the cities
to take over two major functions transcending ethnicity on the one hand and at the same time
changing the norms of the vertical medium of communication.
remain to be answered by future indepth studies of Lugha ya Mitaani in Tanzania.Kiingereza
TUKI KKS Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu TUKI KKS Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu nd edition TUKI
LyM Lugha ya Mitaani LzM Lugha za Mitaani n noun os oneself pass passive phr phrase sb
somebody SE Standard English so someone SS Standard Swahili sth something TSh
Tanzanian Shillings v verb . many questions. it gives a deep insight into the creativity of
Swahili speakers. especially the ones pertaining to gender aspects. Urbanisation and
globalisation give rise to a new social group in Africa the urban youth who are under
pressure to create and establish their identity linguistically in contrast to traditional schemes
of identity and cosmopolitan Western style identities. as well as into the boundless
potentialities of the language Ohly a . The study of LyM contributes to the understanding of
discourse practices that constitute youth subculture and construct youth identity in a Swahili
context. reflecting an implicit trilingual exoglossic concept in language policy Reh amp Heine
. Yet. into their attitudes and imagery. and actual use in discourse. Abbreviations CCM
Chama cha mapinduzi CS Codeswitching disc discourse marker excl exclamation id
ideophone interj interjection KKK Kamusi ya Kiswahili . Moreover. A lesson to be learnt here
is that linguistic globalisation in this case is not equivalent to English worldwide which is in
contrast to what is suggested by Dixon f.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA regarding
Swahili. in the context of his conjectures about language death worldwide in the course of the
punctuation of globalisation. English and major indigenous languages. metaphor theory.
Pp. Batibo. . Alex T. Vol. Beck. Mohamed H. Pp. Aspects of lexical and semantic elaboration
in the process of modernisation of Swahili. . globalisation in East African comics. .
International Journal of the Sociology of Language . Marlies Hellinger amp Hadumod
Bumann Eds. Lang. Parkin Eds. Frankfurt am Main et al. Jannis Androutsopoulos amp
Alexandra Goergakopoulou Eds. .. vernacular affect performance in English. Bd. Tbingen
Max Niemeyer. Jan amp Peter Schlobinski. . Construction of identity in German hiphop
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Swahili literature analysis of some novels published in the s. Perceptions of gender in Swahili
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.R. Raab. snuff will invade Cabinet. Online at http//www. Fall . New York amp al. Mechthild
amp Bernd Heine. thesis. Ohonde Ochieng. Carol.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
Mutahi. A. b. Rapping the Nation. Pp.. . Matatu Today . Ngesa.R. . B. Spear .
RadcliffeBrown. . Reh. Raymond. Die Aneignung von HipHop in Tanzania Musikethnologie .
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Instituts fr Ethnologie und Afrikanistik in Mnchen. Sheng and Engsh the booming offspring of
linguistic intermarriage.. Oxford Clarendon Press. Nurse. Washington D. Nairobi. Perullo. a.
Raab. . Rajmund. Nairobi unpubl. .com/p/articles/mim/is/ai.. Wahome. Bongo Flava. The
Swahili.findarticles. University of DaresSalaam. Kenya.English dictionary. Sheng variations a
comparative study of the lexical variations of Eastlands Sheng. . Booklet of the CD Bongo
Flava Swahili Rap from Tanzania. Osinde. SwahiliEnglish Slang PocketDictionary. Bayreuth
African Studies . Social motivations for codeswitching evidence from Africa. Free Press. Alex
amp John Fenn. Derek amp Th. Swahili . Pp. . Bongo Flava Swahili Rap from Tanzania.
Pieter.. Structures and functions in primitive society. On jokingrelationship. Sprachpolitik in
Afrika. How Sheng. Klaus . Klaus. Ken Nyauncho. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania
Press. b. Hamburg Helmut Buske. A. . . Popular Music and Society. April . Languages in
Contrast. RadcliffeBrown Ed. Mildred.thesis University of Nairobi. Vienna AfroPub.
Reconstructing the history and language of an East African society.
The power to exclude a sociolinguistic study of genderbased differences in access to and
usage of Camfranglais in Cameroon. SuaheliLieder. Jugendsprache. . Tiling. Eldoret
unpublished Ms. Dan. Kembo. Toroka. mikasi . February . Fiktion und Wirklichkeit. Yearbook
for Traditional Music . . Spyropoulos. Gardy. Gill. Spreading the links with sheng. . Stein.
Communicative competence in a minority group a sociolinguistic study of the
Swahilispeaking community in the Old Town. Ibrahim N. Pat Caplan Ed. Maria von. . . Naomi
Luchera. Germany.D. Zeitschrift fr EingeborenenSprachen XVII . The cultural construction of
sexuality.Jugendlicher Sprechstil in der Bongo FlevaLyrik. C. Tanzania Wagosi wa Kaya
song marks HIV/Aids concert. University of Hamburg Ph.A. A handbook of the Swahili
language as spoken at Zanzibar. Shitemi. The coming of Sheng. Gaby Kohl amp Irmgard
Ludewigt. Paper presented at the conference Afrikanistentag in Munich. Tengo. Pp.
Reynolds. Sure. Tanganyika Notes and Records / . Opladen Westdeutscher Verlag.
Business .. Shariff. . . English Today . A grammar of dialectic changes in the Kiswahili
language. London Cambridge University Press. Salami. Schlobinski.H. London Tavistock.
Diffusion and focusing phonological variation and social networks in IleIfe. in progress. .
Joan. Waswahili and their language some misconceptions. . Language in Society . Brill.
Sheng some preliminary investigations into a recently emerged Nairobi street language. .
Mombasa. gender. Eric. Edward. F. Russell. blanti.. Lavu huzungusha dunia.. /. Pidginization
Sheng. Steere. Mitungi. . Sunday Nation Young Nation . . Mary. and homosexuality
Mombasa as a key to understanding sexual options. Kiswahili . Journal of the
Anthropological Society of Oxford . L.O. Peter.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING
youth. Shepherd. Uta. . ReusterJahn. . the melting pot of Kenyan languages and an
AntiBabel development. Nigeria. Rank. London Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
Stigand.. Leiden J. . .. .
Toleo la Pili. Brad. //. Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu. Weiss. . Cultural Anthropology .
.com/index. . TUKI. Dar es Salaam Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili. .com. http//www.
Kamusi ya Kiswahili Kiingereza. . Thug realism inhabiting fantasy in urban Tanzania.
Whiteley.africanhiphop. W. . London Methuen. Swahili. . TUKI.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA Times/Africanhiphop. Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu. Ed. Dar es Salaam Oxford
University Press. Dar es Salaam Oxford University Press. The rise of a national language.
Wilfred H.phpmodulesubjectsampfuncviewpageamppageid TUKI.
Mnacheki washikaji . Unacheki bloo. barbara Barua ya Kiswahili cha Mitaani A letter in LyM
Mambo vipi washikaji Natumaini mpo fiti. mshikaji habari gani rafiki techele poa. namely LyM
which suggest that Degera himself associates LyM with uhuni.wakati nasevu mapaparazi
wakanifotoa picha. safi sana. Vipi mbona hamnipi habari. Unaona. basi. mambo chelea ya
pina. nipe dili nzuri. kuna matatizo. marafiki Tulia. Maamkizi Greetings Mambo vipi. Vijana
wa mitaani summarises how Degera perceives male street youths. clothing. basi nikabutuka
nikawasevu. marafiki. such as hairstyle. safi poa. Finally. nikashituka nikawatoroka. mimi
sijambo. Au nizamie debe kwenda bondeni Standard Swahili translation Habari gani. marafiki
Natumaini mko wazima.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Appendix Lugha ya
Mitaani texts written by John Degera The following presents a selection of three short texts
written by John Degera in the Maamkizi present some typical exchanges of greetings among
youths. Mnaona. wakati nilipotoroka waandishi wa habari wakanipiga . nieleze / nikueleze siri
fulani Kidanka hali yako chee nzuri Misheni mipango / mpangilio wako chelea pina nzuri
sana. tega masikio nikueleze siri Ipo siku fulani polisi walinijia kutaka niwape bangi ili
wanichukue gerezani. Vipi mbona hamnigei stori kuna soo au noma washikaji Poa tega
antena nikuganjie dili Ipo dei fulani mamwela walinijia kutaka niwagee ganja ili wanisobe
rupango. as he lists indicators to recognise them. The Barua ya Kiswahili cha Mitaani
demonstrates the use in a letter written in LyM. mnanitonya vipi kuhusu dili hili. rafiki. Sasa
washikaji. sasa tomorrow nakwea pipa kwenda majuu. way of walking and style of speaking.
safi baridi safi poa safi joto safi Hali vipi techele poa.
is there something wrong Calm down and prick up your ears. Fuleshi ni neno lililotokana na
quotfreshquot English.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA picha. quotmshirikaquot n.
Pembeni ya kichwa hakuna nywele. Now. mzula. Hawa kazi zao ni kupokea mizigo ya
wageni stendi.k.quotfuleshiquot. biskuti n. quotHaya washirika. You see. friends.k. when I
escaped. malazi. how could you explain this thing to me So tomorrow I will get a flight to
Europe. miwani. Ukataji wa nywele ni quotpankquot. there were newspaper reporters who
took fotos of me. Hasa miwani wanaziita quotTVquot kama ni nyeusi au quotglasiquot kama
ni nyeupe. my friend. tushuke . friends. maneno wanayotumia ni quotoya pailoti.
Wanapoongea na wewe. Kutofunga mkanda suruali mlegezo. Jinsi ya kujihadhari nao ni hivi
Kwanza utagundua maneno yao wanayoongea ni ya kimitaani kama quotoya mshikajiquot.
kufanya biashara ndogondogo kama kuuza machungwa. Hayo maneno ndio yanayojulisha
fika kuwa ni watu wa mitaani. Or should I illegally board a ship to South Africa Vijana wa
mitaani Street youths Vijana hawa wa mitaani hupenda kuvaa mavazi mazuri na kukata
nywere kimitindo. Things are fine with me. simamisha. Pia vijana hawa ni wezi jihadhari nao
Pia ni wajanja. quotmitikasiquot . Sasa. quotfidodidoquot na quotbengequot. marafiki. Ukiwa
kwenye daladala. Kusuka nywele rasta vari. pipi. You see. kimikogo na kunyatia. hasa
njaa.quotpoaquot. Mavazi yao ni suruali kubwa kama jinsi. waongo na matapeli. nawe ongea
hivyo kwa lugha wanayoitumia kama quotmamboquot . mnanieleza vipi kuhusu jambo hili
Sasa kesho napanda ndege kwenda ulaya. Mfano mnyoo wa kipolisi wanaita benge.
Kinachosababisha vijana hawa kuwa hivyo ni kukosa wazazi. So you have not told me any
story. Kwa hiyo ukiona hivyo ujue ni vijana wa mitaani. juu nywele zinakuwa nyingi fidodido.
Pia hulazimika kuwa wezi kwa sababu ya shida. Au nitoroke kwa meli kwenda Afrika kusini
English translation How is it. malezi. I ran away and managed to escape them. Tembea yao
ni ya kihuni. katalogi. Pia ni wezi wa mifukoni. tunaitwa mbelequot haya jamani. mnyoo wa
ndevu wanaita mustachi au oo. so that I tell you a secret there was a day when the police
came to me and wanted that I give them dope so that they could arrest me.k. quotoya
brotherquot. weka tutaquot We dereva. quotbabulakequot. kupora mabegi mizigo n. my
friends I hope you are alright. quotoya mlamiquot.
can be classified as general LyM. ReusterJahn discussed it with the students whom she then
met at the college. Roughly one third have been replaced by other terms. . In . . mikwara etc.
. .UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Appendix Diachronic change in the campus
lexicon at Teacher Training College Nachingwea . probably because their referents in the
real world have disappeared.such as nyali. . whereas about ten recent terms . Term No zima
moto nyali / chakula cha mungu kumdengulia Translation in Kiswahili and English kunde a
kind of beans wali cooked rice kumringia mtu ili akupende ingratiate oneself kipleti kutiliwa
chakula kidogo get little food on ones plate kupiga chanya kurudia chakula au kupata mara
mbili get food twice kurivenji / kurisiti nimerivenji. Only out of items have remained . . . The
original wordlist was published on the occasion of the years jubilee of the college in Mbaga . .
. Five terms have vanished without being replaced. . mapozi. anamshikisha mapembe
kumvesha magunia kuotesha uyoga / kitubio mazungumzo ya mapenzi kati ya wapo kwenye
kitalu mvulana / msichana chini ya miti flirtation talk under trees . nimerisiti kupigishwa
mswaki plus use mbaazi nyali / uzinduzi / chenga kuwa na mapozi kijibwa cha kizungu
mpenzi unayempenda wa kike au koloni wa kiume girlfriend or boyfriend tendo la msichana
kumlaghai mvulana kuwa anampenda ili apate vitu a girl pretending to love a boy in order to
get anything from him amepigwa mchanga wa macho. . . Many terms seem to be special to
this college jargon.
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA kuopoa kuopolewa kitendo cha mvulana kupata rafiki wa
kike seduce. nimengoa amengolewa kunyagesa kumsumbua au kumtafuta kushobokea
msichana au mvulana kwa nia ya kufanya naye mapenzi ingratiate oneself to a girl or boy in
order to start a sexual relationship kutegea vipindi au kazi skive off work or class mtu mvivu
lazy bone nyama ya kuku chicken meat wanachuo mwaka wa kwanza first years students
bweni dogo la wavulana small dormitory for male students bweni la wavulana regular
dormitory for male students bweni la wasichana dormitory for female students nimedoji doja
mtu anayedoji mhindi . . pi lt abbr. get a girlfriend kungoa. here college principal In the
college offered only short courses of nine months. of principal lumpeni dingi mtu asiye na
cheo cho chote hapa chuoni baba hutumika kwa kumwita Mkuu wa Chuo father. Bongo
Records Bunyoro kubwa Bunyoro ndogo Mkoloni bweni la zamani Msimbazi bweni jipya
kudoji lt SE dodge ponjoro au mhindi vyuku lt SS kuku miaka tisa Kingston Jamaica Buganda
Bunyoro kujikandanga dezo au ubwete kufaidi to profit vitu vya bure bila kugharamia
anything one can get free ubwete anapenda vitu vya ubwete lumpeni dingi.
lakini unamwona pretend not to notice somebody kupata nafasi nzuri zaidi. humwoni. vilivyo
vikubwa. michuzi. hasa uchuna unapomwangalia kama humfahamu. neno vifaranga
halitumiki tena mikwala mikwara mitulinga kumwekea mtu vizingiti hamper nimemwekea
somebody mikwara kazi work mzee wa mitlinga mtu wa kazi . vidogo huitwa vifaranga
majogoo. michuzi majogoo viazi vitamu. especially applying to work assignments kuchinja /
kuukata kobisi kuchinja / kuukata kulizima kutega kazi ukiwa bwenini saa doji za asubuhi saa
. chambi chambi mpango. na saa za jioni . hasa kazi au shughuli yo yote nzuri get something
better than expected. skive off work by staying in the dormitory pesa money mpango.
mikwanja.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING gangwe mtu mjeuri au anajifanya
mjuaji sly person kinaa kupiga kebo kumfanyia mtu uchochezi gangwe kuchukua nafasi ya
mbele katika foleni kumpita aliyetangulia hasa wakati wa kupata chakula jump the queue
kumdharau mtu ye yote. masimbi. mapene.
very big. Aliachia mistari ya traki yake. why didnt you tell me. Richard kwa ajili ya pupa
aliachwa kwenye mataa. stand sb up. expensive Expression meaning of strength. Msichana
amevaa nguo ndogo yenye gharama. mitindo huru a kufa mtu n. achia mistari v. exceedingly.
gt ile mbaya. acha kwenye mataa v. leave in the dark. Hilo embe bei gani . Lets go slowly to
Kariakoo. Kha. hais alora adj. Used at university campus.phr kumwacha mtu kwenye
mshangao.phr mwanamume anayetumika na msichana kwa kumfanyia kazi za shule man
who is used by a girl to help her with academic work in exchange for a sexual relationship
Transfer from SE academic plus LyM buzi. gt kwa kwenda mbele.Shilingi mia moja. . kwa
nini hukuniambia. Jana tulikunywa pombe kupita kiasi.phr imba nyimbo za Bongo Fleva rap
verses Metaphorical expression quotrelease linesquot. kubwa sana. Demu ametilia kijasti
cha nguvu. kwa kwenda mbele ado ado adv. Mambo yake ni ya uhakika. Not common.
kupita kiasi very much. gt mdosi Richard kwa ajili ya pupa aliachwa kwenye mshangao. I
have taken only a little bit. Jana tulipiga keroro ya kufa mtu.. good Transfer from Italian alora.
Woch la nguvu kinoma. metaphorical expression with dysphemistic flavour quotacademic
goatquot. rich. gt jiti. Aliimba sehemu za wimbo wake. Nimechukua ado ado tu. . Hilo embe
bei gani . leave in the lurch Metaphorical expression quotleave at the traffic lightsquot.
certain Derivation from LyM mdosi rich man.phr zuri sana. kishenzi. ghali very nice. kinoma.
Yule rafiki anawafanyia kazi za masomo wasichana. pini. Ile arusi ilikuwa kubwa na nzuri.
kichizi. kumpa mtu ahadi bila kutimiza give incomplete instructions. Saa nzuri na ghali
sana.phr mno. Indian. Asha ana akademiki buzi. a little lt .. pole pole . terribly Hyperbolic
extension of SS kufa die plus mtu person. slowly .kidogo kidogo . Yule mshikaji ni akademiki
buzi hapa chuo. . n . gt chana mistari. a kufa mtu akademiki buzi n. Ile arusi ilikuwa ya
nguvu. . mainly used by street vendors called quotwamachingaquot. dondosha mistari.
Huyakata mawasiliano na kumwacha msichana kwenye mataa. Huyakata mawasiliano na
kumwacha msichana asijue la kufanya. nyeto. alasiri n TSh TSh Double metonymic semantic
extension of SS alasiri afternoon gt afternoon newspaper Alasiri. gt narenare a nguvu n.
European Mambo yake ya kidosi. Twende zetu Kariakoo ado ado. adv nzuri well.LUGHA YA
MITAANI IN TANZANIA Appendix Dictionary of Lugha ya Mitaani a kidosi adj a uhakika
sure.Alasiri. umeniacha kwenye mataa Oh. Asha ana mwanamume ambaye anamsaidia
katika kazi za shule. which costs /TSh. now you have stood me up Mvulana yeyote
akiambiwa na rafiki yake kuwa ana mimba huwa ni nuksi kwake. .
Baba wa taifa wawili. based on christian altruism . Arosto is now more in fashion. gt ambaa.
broke lt Attested in older Swahili slang as apecha alolo penniless. Ah. gt laazizi anti n . kind
and generous man . kula kona. based on his portrait printed on the note.phr jamaa yangu.
Yule anti ni mzuri. Nimeishiwa pesa. anapenda kutoa msaada. kosa pesa bankrupt. gt sista.
homosexual man . chalala. Niko rosto kweli. yule ni mtu mzuri sana. Niko arosto. chomoa. gt
arosto. address of a woman . Hallo dada. toa kiwingu. yeya baba wa taifa n. ishia. Bei gani .
kaka poa.Noti mbili za elfu moja. mfiraji . majalala. mtu mwenye roho nzuri ambaye yu tayari
kutoa msaada . Nipo apeche alolo.Nzuri arosto/alosto to rosto/losto. which is also reflected in
the transfer of asali from class to class . Since late . timua. Nimeishiwa hela kweli. chakula.
asali wa moyo n. ita msenge .Alora Hali . Ah. kipa. timka. tenga apeche alolo adj. rafiki my
friend Semantic extension of SS babaake contraction of baba yake his/her arosto. broke lt
Attested in variations ranging from . . mshumaa baba askofu n. Nilimwona anti Juma. Yule
mwanamke ni mzuri. . Popularised by Bongo Fleva song quotAsali wa moyoquot Gangwe
Mobb . Mama Ina. boyfriend Metaphorical extension of SS asali honey plus moyo heart.
Nilimwona msenge Juma. jikata. gt rosti antena n sikio ear Dysphemistic and hyperbolic
metaphorical extension of SE antenna. Nimeishiwa pesa. Augmentative Yule mwanamke
mwenye mwili mkubwa aliyevaa shati ya bluu. mimi naondoka sasa.Antena yangu
imekamata hilo. bwabwa. replacing SS shangazi aunt in certain contexts. . lala mbele.
Umejuaje . Usitege antena Usisikilize Umejuaje . Hallo anti. n ishiwa pesa. choko. mimi
naanza sasa. Also attested for Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . msichana mzuri . kosa pesa
bankrupt. address of homosexual man . issued in Metonymic extension of epitheton of
President Nyerere baba wa taifa Father of the Nation. gt buku. Karibu chakula mpenzi
wangu. ita mwanamke . wewe ni msenge tu.Nimesikia ulilolisema. referring to scandals
about homosexual and pedophile catholic priests in the USA . Metonymic hyperbolic
extension of SS baba askofu father bishop.phr mpenzi wa kike au wa kiume girlfriend. broke
Ohly a . Probably derived from Sheng lostia get lost Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Karibu chakula
asali wangu wa moyo. babake n. Ah.phr noti ya shilingi note of TSh.phr . jisanzua. beautiful
girl Semantic extension of transfer from SE aunt. mabaga. wewe ni baba askofu tu. bwana
Toka hapa. Ah. Bei gani . nina shida kidogo na wewe.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING Hali . Metonymic extension of SS baba askofu father bishop. yule ni baba askofu
bwana. go Ellipsis of SS anza safari start journey Anza. nina shida kidogo na wewe. gt basha
anza v ondoka make off. tambaa. waka babaake. Lile anti lililovaa shati ya bluu. rosto n
ishiwa pesa. bwana Mama Ina.
hide . ndmbolo. Du. gt . mwanangu babu kubwa. a USAmerican HipHopDJ gt the name of a
popular African Music Programme. Mohamedi kanunua gari Toyota quotChaserquot with
rounded back. pomelo. Ohly a has baluni both for pregnancy and be pregnant in older
Swahili slang. big breasts . Rare. siyo kawaida very nice. sit and hide . la kuparama baluni n .
matako makubwa . Mohamedi kanunua gari Toyota baluni. magari aina ya Toyota
quotChaserquot na quotMark IIquot. acha. Sema babaake .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA father. sell sth for profit lt Nimebangaiza buku teni. ndmbolo. babu
lake.Bamboocha. taarabu. mshikaji. bahatika kwa kuhangaikahangaika try ones luck in
making some money. mkundu. only in direct address vocative. tukunyema.Nzuri tu gt babu
lake. car models Toyota quotChaserquot and quotMark IIquot with rounded back
Metaphorical semantic extension of transfer bangaiza v. jamaa yangu. Oya. Mademu wa
Bongo wanabamba kinoma. Chwee rega. motivated by its form. Katalogi ya chuo ni babu
kubwa. ugali umeisha. . kibinda. Tovuti ya chuo ni safi kabisa Jana tulikwenda kwenye arusi.
babu lake. kibinda. Yule ana maziwa makubwa. kachala. babu lake. haja kubwa. great.
Du.Poa tu Vipi rafiki . huyu demu ana bonge la bambataa Du. bahati kubwa. uza cho chote
chenye maslahi. rafiki miito miongoni mwa vijana wenye urafiki wa karibu my friend address
among befriended youth Semantic extension of SS babu grandfather. Commercial Fanta
Maisha ni mazuri kabisa. mwana. huyu msichana ana matako makubwa Huyu msichana ana
matako ya bambataa. kaza balungi n/ titi kubwa large female breast. Hakuna. jificha . rafiki.
shuzi. Tangazo Fanta Maisha bab kubwa.phr safi kabisa. gt buti. rafiki. motivation of use of .
extraordinary Metaphorical extension of SS babu grandfather plus SS kubwa big. person
possessive unclear. Dar es Salaam. dongo limeyeyuka. nido bandapanda n viatu virefu
vyenye soli nene HipHopboots with thick sole Semantic extension of SS banda shed. . acha.
ndula. bambataa. Oya. nikueleze siri kubwa. Yule ana mabalungi makubwa. naenda kukaa
na kujificha kijiweni. babu yake n. ilikuwa babu kubwa. bab kubwa n. Akaenda katika Toyota
quotChaserquot aliyokuja nayo. . gt egesha. lakuchumpa. tikitimaji. bonge la bahati. Du.
mkundu. macho ya samaki. from SE balloon. Huyu msichana ana matako makubwa. gt haja
kubwa. ilikuwa safi kabisa. naenda kubana kijiweni. bonge la dili nikugee. big behind . wekea
mtu vikwazo . Du. tit Dysphemistic extension of SS balungi grapefruit. Wasichana wa Dar es
Salaam ni wazuri sana. gt mtindi. motivation of use of . aired daily on Clouds FM. bambataa
n matako makubwa big buttocks Double metonymic extension of the name of Afrika
Bambaataa.caus bahatisha kupata cho chote. tukunyema. taarabu. yenye sehemu ya nyuma
iliyo . wowowo . expression quothis fatherquot. kichaa wangu. hinder sb Dysphemistically
motivated extension of SS bana squeeze. Du. wowowo babu lake. Akaenda katika baluni
aliyokuja nayo. hut plus panda climb Now replaced by lakuchumpa. Jana tulikwenda kwenye
arusi.phr jamaa yangu. only in direct address vocative quothis grandfatherquot. mayai
bamba v kuwa zuri be nice Semantic extension of SS bamba seize. bana v . maziwa
makubwa . shuzi. person possessive unclear. kaa kwa kujificha . Ya pekee. large.
Unanipunja. Hapa ni watu wawili tu. joto bebelebebele n fujo. Yule ana nyonga kubwa. gt
baba askofu bei ya mchekea n. gt maharage ya Mbeya bastola n nyonga kubwa large hips
Metaphorical extension of SS bastola pistol. silaha. Ngwair Mikasi Sasa wewe una shilingi
mia. aliyepanuka kifuani. nyeto. also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . Mechi ya leo
itakuwa patashika. by change of final vowel i to a. poa. nabahatisha kupata cho chote. gt
dala. shwari cool Derivation from SS baridi cool. Hali vipi . In KKS and . Baunsa akatutia
ndani ya klabu bure. hutaki niendele. Basha is derived from pasha Shepherd . motivated by
context Hii suruali nimenunua kwa bei ya mchekea. taraa baridi adj safi good Semantic
extension of SS baridi cool. patashika commotion. gt alasiri. cold. chaos lt Not common. New
in . mvinyo bati n sarafu ya TSh coin of TSh Metonymic extension from SS bati class beki
tatu n. poa. Mostly used by the street vendors called quotWamachingaquot Sasa we una bati
usiku huu unaenda wapi. jiti. doorkeeper. . mtu mnene. usiku huu unaenda wapi. nyima mtu
kitu reduce the share of somebody Semantic extension of SS bania press to. bania v punja
mtu kitu ambacho anastahili kupewa. Coinage by BongoFleva artist Ngwair in the track
quotmikasiquot. gt kiwingu. Hii suruali nimenunua kwa bei rahisi sana.phr bei rahisi sana
ridiculously cheap Metonymic extension of SS chekea laugh at. mlinzi mlangoni . gt bunduki.
pini bangaloo n/ nyumba kubwa na nzuri big and nice house Transfer from SE bungalow.
Mechi ya leo itakuwa bebelebebele.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING
Nimebahatisha shilingi elfu kumi. hais. mbabe . sina kazi nafanya kubangaiza tu. Also
attested for Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . hyperbolic calque of SE cool. Bwana. pistol. Yule
ana bastola. sasa hivi unafanya shughuli gani Rafiki. gt njemba njemba barida adj baridi.
Proper reply to greetings such as hali vipi gt barida. gt songombingo basha n/ mfiraji
homosexual man Semantic extension of SS basha king in a pack of playing cards. fat
person. wakati kwa hizo shilingi mia hata soda tu hupati. Bwana. Nyumba ile nzuri na kubwa
ni yetu. Mwanamke wa mchekea. Mlinzi wa klabu alitutia ndani ya klabu bure. sina
kazi.Barida tu mwana. Nipe chumvi ya chuma bee. which became popular. motivated by
form of pistol worn in holster on hips in quotcowboystylequot.Poa tu rafiki. Not common Hali
vipi . bouncer Semantic extension of transfer from SE bouncer. . / white hard metal.phr
msichana wa kazi. wakati hiyo bati hata soda tu hupati. Hapa ni mtu bee tu. gozigozi baunsa
n/ . mfanyakazi wa ndani housegirl . Unanibania. sasa hivi unafanya shughuli gani Mshikaji.
gt baridi. Lile bangaloo ni letu. sb with broad chest . Nipe chumvi ya shilingi mbili. Mwanamke
ambaye anakubali kirahisi sana. shwari bee numeral mbili two lt Popularised through song of
Gangwe Mobb quotMtu bee chelea binaquot .
Natafuta bingo. chimba biti bifu n ugomvi quarrel. Terminal clipping of transfer from SE rivet.
Jamaa yule. bishololo n/ mtu anayejisikia. then cut Transfer from SE beep. usimwambie siri.
fight. fight Transfer from American slang beef with the meaning quarrel. Yule jamaa. . One
explanation was This is because of the VW beetle. BBC n . also a TVshow. game of chance.
bwana.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Metaphorical or metonymic extension of football
player on position quotback quot sweeper. bitozi n/ mtu anayejisikia pasi na uwezo wa
mambo ambayo anajivunia fly guy. gt redio mbao. Unaniweka biti. . kijana au mwanamume
anayetoa au kununua kitu kwa msichana kwa lengo la mapenzi.Nacheza bingo. usimwambie
siri. Used as a reply to greetings such as mambo vipi Not common. ingia external biti n
kitisho. Juma amezikamatia bingo.phr mama mother Metonymic extension of SS bi mkubwa
big lady. Juma amepata pesa. bwana. mtu ambaye anazungumza sana. tozi bibisii. boaster.
. Usinichimbe biti. atasema tu. alright. . Transfer of SE beat. gt mkwara. Nimempata bingo
wa kuchuna. man having a short term relationship with a unmarried woman who aims at
getting money out of him Hyperbolic extension of SS bingo game of hazard. What business
do you have . gt kosovo bingo n/ .Nzuri bipu v kupiga simu na kukata let mobile telephone
ring. fine. used metaphorically . pronounced as quotribitiquot. Kiingereza . English language .
Wameibua bifu. old lady. Yule mshikaji ni bishoo tu Yule mshikaji anapenda kujionesha tu gt
bitozi. . redio saba saba. gt buzi bendera n division quotFquot katika matokeo ya mitihani
division quotFquot in school results Metonymic extension of SS bendera flag based on form
the silhouette of a flag resembles the shape of an quotFquot. Natafuta pesa. money got by
chance . Beki tatu wa kina Juma ni magoli Msichana wa kazi wa kina Juma ni mzuri sana .
Jamaa yule. not used as address gt maza bishoo. . sb who talks a lot. which makes much
sound but cant go fast. . Umenibip. That girl has a boyfriend whom she fleeces. . msema
ovyo . Nimempata mwanamume wa kumtoza pesa. braggart Metonymic extension of SE
smart beetles. vitisho threat Two etxmologies were offered . yule ni BBC. good Transfer from
Italian bene well. tema ngeli. Mambo vipi . Unanitisha. mtu ambaye anapenda kujionesha fly
guy Transfer from SE big show or from SE be show off. bene disc nzuri well. mwanaume
anayeliwa pesa na mwanamke . ungenge. Usinitishie. Vipi una dili gani . gt promota bi
mkubwa n. Yule msichana ana bingo. .I just try my luck in the informal sector with any kind of
small business. sb who cant keep a secret Onomastic synecdoche of SE BBC British
Broadcasting Corporation. bitozi kweli yule. in older Swahili slang Ohly a attested with the
meaning nice guy. .Bene Habari gani . The ending lolo has an emphatic meaning. pesa ya
kubahatisha . Umenipigia simu ukakata ili nikupigie mimi. Wameanza ugomvi. sleng.
. nice. mjinga goodfornothing. noti ya shilingi ya zamani no longer in use since the red notes
were issued in . Wasichana wazuri wamekuja. Demu yuko bomba. Marafiki wamevaa mikufu
mikubwa na ya kungaa mingi sana. Hapa nilipo nimelewa sana. gt . ndula. Ellipsis of SE
phrase blue movie. penda . Old and common. like sb Semantic extension of SE blow. uboka
blingbling. Xrated videos . . beautiful. . bluu n/ . buku teni . handsome . blue videos. bomba
adj/n . Rafiki yangu usiwe boka. bringbring n mkufu mkubwa / mikufu mikubwa inayongaa
yenye thamani kubwa sana glittering chains and necklaces of great value Transfer from
English slang bling for jewellery. . blue internetsites. Watoto wa chuo kikuu wananibloo.
Commercial Buzz Mobile phone company is nice. bwana. zuri . chicha bloo gt broo bloo v .
Wasichana wa chuo kikuu wananishangaza. gt . Nimembloo sana braza huyo hapa. umetoka
bomba. hali ya kulewa .UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING That guy. Pamba
inablingbling. . fool lt Derived from the character quotKaboka Mchiziquot in the cartoon
quotSongombingo ya Kaboka Mchiziquot by A. . Wewe ni boga nini Wewe huna akili gt ziro
blingbling. probably derived from the meaning hard blow attested in older Swahili slang Ohly
a . simpleton. . drunkenness Transfer from Italian quotbombaquot bomb. gt mbwiga. Marafiki
wameenda nyumbani kuvuta bangi gt kijiti . gt bishoo. The lexeme is an onomastic
synecdoche of the cigar brand quotPhillies Bluntquot Masela wameingia kati kula blanti. This
character likes to get drunk and to steal. leo umevaa nguo nzuri sana. Utafanya mambo
mpaka hutaamini. Tulikwenda internet. Italian sailors could be the source. stupid person
Metaphorical extension of SS boga pumpkin. Nimempenda sana huyo kaka. Or semantic
extension of SS bomba syringe. shine. Aisei. bwi. ngaa glitter. Metonymic extension of SE
blue. . . used in colloquial expressions like quotx bombaquot x is very nice. rafiki. Aisei. . We
went to an internet caf and watched blue pictures. pump. mpumbavu fool. umetoka safi.
meaning a hollowed out commercial cigar used to smoke marijuana. poyoyo. Rafiki yangu
usiwe mjinga. . Attested in older Swahili slang as head Ohly a . pilau boga n/ mtu asiye na
akili. bunduki. big pipe. boka n/ bwege. picha au mikanda ya video ya X . Tangazo Buzz ni
bomba . shosti leo umepigilia pamba. especially used by teachers to call unable pupils. .
bringbring v meremeta. Also attested for Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Washikaji
wamengarisha bringbring kali kinoma. Utafanya mambo mpaka utabloo. Kingo in the
newspaper quotKasheshequot. be nice Metonymic extension of English slang bling for
jewellery. tozi blanti n msokoto wa bangi joint marijuana Transfer from American slang
quotbluntquot. Msichana ni mzuri sana. . he pretends to have everything. . tulikuwa
tunacheki picha za bluu. mnyela. . . super. note of TSh. Mademu bomba wameibuka. be
astonished with wonder or admiration . Hapa nilipo nipo bomba kweli. . Nguo nzuri
inameremeta. . mjinga. shangaa . .
jamaa wa virungu bondo n ugali porrridge lt Also attested in older Swahili slang Gower . .
anabonga ungenge vizuri sana. . Bondo la leo zuri utafikiri beche. Nimeshaomba hela kwa
mama. . . sembe bonga v . Nitakubonda. . twende zetu. fat person . Dysphemistic extension
of older Swahili slang bonga ungenge talk nonsense. Sema. . In LyM ungenge means
English. Nimebonga naye. ongea lugha ya Kiingereza . kitu kikubwa. speak English .
Nitakupiga. Misamiati ya mwalimu ni migumu sana. feki. ongea . south down. Yule
mwanamke si mzuri. piga kirungu. i. . kitu kizuri. basi. Bonga. nafaka. Walevi wa madawa ya
kulevya hawaoni haya kumwomba kila mtu. . dongo. gt bibisii. ongea mambo yasiyoeleweka
. money. hafai. My friend. Walevi wa madawa ya kulevya hawaoni haya kumbomu kila mtu.
Masela wamebonda jiwe lao. sponge . Hii mali ni nzima au bomu . finish gt Also in Kihore .
Hii mali ni nzima au feki . Jamani. motivated by orientation on maps. nice thing . . tell lies in
order to get money Metaphoric extension of SE bomb. hit . gt dona. . . . omba vibaya . Today
I want to board a ship to South Africa as blind passenger. kitu kibaya . . Friends. talk with the
intention of seducing sb . . Ohly a . big thing. Mfanyabiashara quotMzigo wa safari hii bomu.
Nimezungumza naye kwa lengo la mapenzi.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA bombastiki
n/ msamiati mgumu difficult. Very common in schools and colleges.quot . Yule bomu tu yule.
. if I get money I will go to South Africa to live there illegally. Metaphorical extension of bonde
valley as fertile area. Semantic extension of SS bondeni in the valley. If I get money from my
business I will go to South Africa to live there illegally. beat. talk . Also attested for Sheng
Mbaabu amp Nzuga . maliza kitu . gt piga mzinga.loc Afrika kusini South Africa . . . ungenge
bonda v . kwa kumdanganya kuhusu matumizi. Nimeshambomu mama hela. kitu kinene .
beg from someone. Rafiki njoo tupige stori. ongopea . . cadge for. Mfanyabiashara
quotBidhaa za safari hii ni mbaya sana. Dili likikubali nitazama bondeni. cheat lt In older
Swahili slang Ohly a attested with the meanings seduce. speak incomprehensively .
metaphorically used. fake Transfer from SE bomb.quot . bomu n/adj . bondeni n. ongea kitu
cha uongo . . bonge n . twende zetu. basi. . Mshikaji mimi nikipata hela nitazama bondeni
kwa Mzee Mbeki. Yule amenibomu. he can speak English very well. The singing and voice of
the bird chiriku is called ungenge Chiriku anasema ungenge the Chiriku bird is speaking
ungenge. That one has begged me. tema ngeli. piga . Yule mwanamke kachukua bomu
sana. esp. mtu mnene . zungumza kwa lengo la mapenzi . Ugali wa leo mzuri utafikiri
wali.phr . It has different melodies and can sing very fast. Marafiki wamemaliza shahada yao
ya kwanza. mix somebody up. ingia external. extraordinary vocabulary Transfer from SE
bombastic. bad thing . speak false words. Shosti njoo tubonge. gtsauz bomu v . . Leo nataka
kuzamia meli kwenda bondeni. nguna. Mabombastiki ya mwalimu ni makali. . bandia . .
bonga ungenge v. Yule hana ujuzi.e.
Yule ni mtu mkubwa na mnene kupita kiasi. Ili uweze kuishi Bongoland. There is a
connotation of being better off than a msela. Mwanamke mnene. huyu msichana ana matako
makubwa . There is a range of orthographic varieties bontaun. Du. congratulations Transfer
from Italian bravo. townborn child. . huyu demu ana bonge la bambataa . . In older Swahili
slang Ohly a attested as bonge big thing and as kibonge beauty. lazima uwe na miradi. sista
du broo n/ kaka.loc Tanzania Tanzania Composite made of LyM quotBongoquot Dar es
Salaam and transfer from SE land. Therefore it was very difficult to stay in Dar es Salaam. gt
mbushi bravo adv . Lorand leo katinga bonge la mzula. . waandishi wa habari wakanipiga
picha. Yule ni bonge la jitu. brutal person .Bravo Hali . . gt bloo. Du acha. washikaji. . .
Ukikaa Bongo lazima uchemshe ubongo. rafiki . The female counterpart is sista du. . Bonge
la mama. wacha noma Hapana kaka. wakati nasevu mapaparazi wakanifotoa picha. Marafiki
wamekuja. Unajua mimi ni mtoto wa mjini. Yule braza kanisaidia. Chupa ya .phr mtoto wa
mjini. The term came up in the s. you have to use brains. Soo broo.Nzuri braza n/ . bontown.
mtu wa mjii . lazima uwe na miradi. . . People who went there without permission were
caught in the operesheni kuzuia uzururaji Operation prevent loitering. usilete balaa
Mnacheki. Du babu lake. We acha.l ya Coca Cola. and quotBorn Townquot. babu lake.
wakati nilipotoroka. The expression also features prominently in a cartoon about two football
teams quotBush Starsquot.. . when it was forbidden to migrate to Dar es Salaam without
permission. gt broo. We rafiki. good . The terms use is now on the decline. Ili uweze kuishi
Tanzania. Not as common as quotBongoquot. since no longer in use Metonymic extension of
SE book. bahati kubwa. Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . nzuri . rafiki. bonge la
bahati. brother . Not common. Bonge la Coca Cola. . gt Dizim brazameni n/ rafiki friend
Transfer from American slang brotherman friend. an urban team. . Du. Yule mtu mnene
amekuja. Semantic extension of SE brother. rafiki friend. Bonge yule amekuja. Yule broo
kawamba bonge la kombati. marafiki. Transfer from SE brother. Mnaona.prop. Unajua mi ni
bontown. braza Bongoland n. Yule kaka kavaa vest nzuri. Yule kaka kanisaidia. friend .
Mabrazameni wamekuja.prop. published in the magazine quotSaniquot. If you live in Dar es
Salaam.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Semantic generalisation of SS bonge
lump. hongera . . kaka . gt broo Bongo n. bontaun v. . almost always used as a qualitative
head noun in genitival constructions. Lorand leo kavaa kofia kubwa. clod. Hali .loc Dar es
Salaam Dar es Salaam Hyperbolic metaphorical extension of augmentative derivative of SS
ubongo brain. person Metonymic extension of SE born plus town. brother Truncation of SE
brother attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a as bro. . borntown. bloke. well. a rural team.
buku n/ noti ya shilingi ya zamani note of TSh. nikueleze siri kubwa. bonge la dili nikugee.
or b by the fact that these notes usually came in bundles resembling a book. . speak
carelessly Metonymic extension of derivative of LyM butua kick the football wildly. Mchezaji
yule anabutua tu mpira uwanjani. because it is said to be stronger than other kinds of beer.
basi. Bwana. . Jana nilimwona jamaa yuko bunduki. large hips . ferret out scandal Also
attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . Yule ana nyonga kubwa. state of being drunk .
Metonymic extension of SS bunduki gun. buku teni n shilingi TSh. reveal. . Mchezaji yule
anacheza na mpira ovyo. bukua v soma sana study intensively Metonymic extension of
derivative based on SE book or metonymic extension of SS bukua discover. Bwana.
bulingibulingi gt blingbling bunduki n . Yule ana bunduki. dukani . gt chimba. bomba. and
squander it Metaphorical extension of bunya guzzle. lazima uwe na kondomu. a drunken
man is driven by alcohol . unapotaka kuchukua demu angalia. unapotaka kufanya mapenzi
na msichana. bastola. kick the ball wildly Derivation from transfer from SE boot.he has no
control over himself. . Degera anabukua sana. nyonga kubwa . Degera studies very much. .
gt baba wa taifa.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA motivated either a by the design on the
front side of the note which could be interpreted as showing a book. tear os off sb . ropoka .
Joni Kisomo bunyenye n mtu mnene fat person lt Yule ni bunyenye. hachezi vizuri. motivated
by form of pistols worn in holster on hips in quotcowboystylequot. tungi. Nisaidie buti. Yule ni
mnene. lete hiyo mihanjumati tuibunye. zimika gt. mvinyo buti n kondomu condome
Euphemistic hyperbolic extension of SS buti boot . gt. Metaphorical extension of SS bunduki
gun. Metaphorical cum metonymic extension of SS bunduki gun quotbundukiquot is name for
Lager beer. uncover. . . jipokonya . Metonymic extension of SE book and ten ten TSh. Jana
nilimwona jamaa aliyelewa sana. based on the higher content of alcohol compared to other
kinds of beer. bushi n kijijini rural area Dysphemistic hyperbolic extension of SE bush. Yule
anaishi kijijini. pistol. Duh Mary amefungasha mibunduki ya kufa mtu. . lete hivyo vyakula
vizuri tuvile. notes. kesha na vitabu. drunkenness. Oya. chicha. . Alivyo utafikiri katoka kijijini
jana. ongea ovyo. Unacheki. bwi. hali ya kulewa . bia aina ya Lager . Yule anaishi bushi. .
dukani gt ndomu. rafiki. soksi butua v piga mateke kick. Nisaidie kondomu. silaha. basi.
Lager beer . Wanafunzi walipata pesa bila kutarajia na hawakutumia kwa busara. bloo.Old
and common Oya. lazima uwe na buti. keroro. Duh Mary ana nyonga kubwa sana. Alivyo
utafikiri katoka bushi jana. .stat . Also another etymology was offered Just as a gun is
controlled by its owner. Unaona. tenga bunya v kula kwa fujo guzzle lt Probably derived from
Sheng bunyonga eat Mbaabu amp Nzuga . . . Wanafunzi walibunyanga kinoma. gt wekundu
wa Msimbazi bunyanga v pata pesa bila kutarajia na kuzitumia ovyo get money without
having expected it. nikabutuka nikawasevu. butuka v.In KKS. nikajipokonya nikawatoroka.
Hali vipi . Masela eh Huyo bwabwa anafanya nini hapa maskani Marafiki eh Huyo msenge
anafanya nini hapa nyumbani gt anti. Bondo la leo zuri utafikiri beche. Wengine walinyoa
nywele kwa mtindo wa quotbwenziquot. Mary anapata pesa kutoka kwa mwanamume
ambaye anatembea naye. poa. Used by men and women to address men and women alike.
Mary amepata mwanamume ambaye anampa pesa. Mary anamchuna buzi. good. zimika
bwimbwi n/ kokeni cocaine Metonymic extension of SS bwimbwi ground popcorn mixed with
sugar. Amefilisika. beche n wali cooked rice lt For the meaning gruel attested in older Swahili
slang Ohly a . chakari. temporary sexual partner of a woman.Nzuri tu gt baridi. Pita
anapenda kuropoka akiona watu. ubeche. hali ya kulewa kupita kiasi . welloff man who
provides financial support for a woman in exchange for a sexual relationship. ubwabwa
bwena adj wingi wa kupita kiasi exceedingly many. Walikuwa wengi kupita kiasi. chakula. gt
butua gt mavi ya panya. tungi.Ni byee tu Hali vipi . Hata ukinuna buzi tumelichuna. shwari
bwana n/ rafiki friend Semantic extension of SS bwana master. mshumaa byee adv. ujazo
uliopita kiasi . Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of augmentative derived from SS mbuzi
goat. Amenijazia maji kwenye glasi kupita kiasi.adj nzuri cool. Metaphorical semantic
extension of .UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING . Wengine wakatengeneza
bwenzi. Beche lile lilikuwa zuri. nice. who is welloff and maintains her. Kanijazie bwi .
Amechacha yule. choko. gt arosto. go bad. punje. gt palma bwabwa n/ msenge homosexual
man Euphemistic extension of SS ubwabwa soft cooked rice. chicha. kaka poa. Pita
anapenda kubutuka akiona watu. Jamaa kalewa bwi . That guy is excessively drunk. Wali ule
ulikuwa mzuri. Pale kwa kina Juma wanauza bwimbwi. panki bwi id . nyali. used in greetings
as a reply to hali vipi or mambo. buzi n/ mwanamume anayeliwa pesa na mwanamke kwa
ajili ya mapenzi. state of being excessively drunk . gt dungu. Mary amepata buzi.Khanga
writing Hata ukinuna. mwanamume ambaye anamsaidia mwanamke matumizi kwa ajili ya
kufanya mapenzi naye man having a sexual relationship with a woman who aims at getting
money out of him. waya . Very old and common callbox gt kolboksi bweche. Ugali wa leo
mzuri utafikiri wali. state of being more than full . punga. Wiki hii nimechacha. bingo bwenzi n
aina ya unyoaji wa nywele style of haircut for men Metonymic extension of SS bwenzi quiff.
Watu walikuwa bwena kweli. fine Probably transfer from French bien good. Sir. gt akademiki
buzi. Wiki hii nimeishiwa pesa. nimefanya mapenzi na mtu mwenye uwezo na nimeshapata
cho chote toka kwake. . . Pale kwa kina Juma wanauza kokeni. exceedingly much lt
Amenijazia maji kwenye glasi bwena. . chacha v kuishiwa pesa be broke Metaphorical
extension of SS chacha turn sour. keroro. Fill the vessel for me more than full gt bunduki.
. waist lace made of beads . gt achia mistari. shoga homosexual man Euphemistic extension
of SS chakula food. . grow fat . . nikamwambia nipe chai. Metaphorical semantic extension of
. . tattoo Chale zikamcheza. Kama mwanamke hana shanga za kiunoni si mwanamke tena.
Pokea chai kidogo Kula rushwa Nipe chai. soda chakula n msenge. In this spirit. mshumaa
chagizwa v. Amehisi kitu fulani / Ameshtuka. Siku hizi Declare kachana kishenzi. Mwana. .
The metaphor of sipping chai is used to signal the warmingup phase of any procedure. .
young man Transfer from Sheng chalii young man. Nimeishiwa na pesa kabisa. rushwa
ndogo . bwana Unanipa kazi bila kutanguliza cho chote. aliniomba nimfanyie kazi yake.
Alifanya vizuri katika mtihani yake. small bribe Metonymic extension of SS chai ya rangi
black tea. Siku hizi Declare amenenepa sana. chai yenyewe ilikuwa ya rangi. hafifu. arosto.
Unanipa kazi bila hata chai. do well in exam Metaphorical extension of SS chana tear. spicy
appetiser . Alichana sana mtihani yake. soda. kichombezo cha chakula .phr kupa msichana
mimba impregnate . gt machale. miserable . sentiment. dondosha mistari. naskia eti ni
chakula Rafiki.caus. bwabwa. gt chai. lakini alichonipatia kilikuwa chana mistari v.phr . broke.
shusha mistari chana neti v. unamwona huyo bwege. gt apeche alolo.pass tiwa ari. Vijana
walisukumwa na hamu yao ya kufanya mapenzi. nikamwambia anipe pesa kidogo kwanza. .
waka chai n rushwa bribe Euphemistic metonymic extension of SS chai tea. unamcheki huyo
bwege. premonition Semantic extension of SS chale incision. nenepa . kijana boy. chalala v
kutokuwa na pesa be broke lt Nimechalala kishenzi. very common . fanya vizuri katika
mtihani . the bribe is conceptualised as the necessary preliminary which sets things in
motion. sukumwa na ari be made eager Semantic extension of SS chagiza insist. kitu kidogo
chale n hisia ya kitu fulani sense. and .phr imba nyimbo za quotrapquot rap verses
Metaphorical extension of SS chana tear plus mistari lines. . Mambo zao zinakuwa wasiwasi.
Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Mambo zao zinakuwa wasiwasi. Jamani.
magutugutu chalii n/ mvulana. meal. . majalala. Also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly .
also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . . nasikia eti ni msenge gt anti. Alishika maiki na
kuanza kuchana mistari ya traki yake. choko. bwana gt chai ya rangi. Ali alichana ile
paper.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA chachandu n/ . kidogo kuliko nilivyotegemea.
Alishika maiki na kuanza kuimba wimbo wake. friend Mbaabu amp Nzuga gt mchalii chana v
. chai ya rangi. Ali alifaulu vizuri sana katika mtihani. chai ya rangi n. Kama mwanamke hana
chachandu si mwanamke tena. shanga za kiunoni . hafifu . pester Vijana walichagizwa na
munkari wao wa ngono. kaka poa. aliniomba nimfanyie kazi yake. basi Nipe pesa nikanywe
chai nikufanyie kazi yako. Jamani. . .
gt mataputapu. danganya . mwizi amechanja mbuga. gt faranga. piga bao changudoa n/
mwanamke anayejiuza kwa pesa. This extension might partly be motivated by association
with changanya copulate and changua lay a woman in older Swahili slang Ohly a . slip away
Metaphoric extension of SS chanja incise and mbuga grassland incise the grassland.
mshiko. chee id kwa bei rahisi cheap lt Also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . mimi
nataka pesa. kosea katika matamshi. cheat .phr fanya mapenzi make love. malaya female
prostitute. Jamaa kafanya mapenzi na msichana. mapene. In KKS . mispronounce
words.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Metaphorical expression quottear the
netquot. ulabu chapa nao v. gt piga maji changaa n/ pombe ya kienyeji locally brewed beer
Metonymic extension of SS ngaa shine. Mara nyingi unakosea katika matamshi unapojaribu
kuzungumza Kiingereza. pita pale pasipo na njia run away.phr kunywa sana pombe drink
alcohol excessively Metaphorical and euphemistic extension of SS chapa hit plus maji water.
. esp. have sex Pronominal form SS nao referring to SS uume penis. blotch. sb who likes to
spread rumours Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of Bi. Nilikwenda Kariakoo
nimekuta nyanya chee. Yule amekunywa sana. lie. based on the image of a hard hitten ball
tearing the net of a goal in a football match. Yule amechapa maji. make off. take somebody
in attested in Ohly a . plus SS chapa hit Cf. Chau. Shoga tuondoke chauchau
ameshafika.appl . mkwanja. dupe. Also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . Nilikwenda
Kariakoo nimekuta nyanya kwa bei rahisi. Shoga tuondoke mbeya ameshafika. not
confirmed by informants.phr kimbia. uchache chapa maji v. chapia v. mnazi. older Swahili
slang quotchapa mimbaquot make pregnant Ohly a Punguza kumchapa nao kila siku. mtu
anayependa kusengenya wenzake gossip. In KKS . probably ellipsis of the older Swahili
slang phrase chapa viboko cheat. Also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . tungi. goto.
ngawila. hili gazeti unaliuza kwa shilingi ngapi Usiniletee matatizo. Machangudoa
wanakabiliwa na hatari ya ukimwi. chauchau n mbeya. Baada ya kuiba mwizi amekimbia.
Babaake konda alichanja fasta Rafiki. stain. chapaa n/ pesa money Transfer from Kenyan
Sheng. Prostitutes are at risk of getting infected with AIDS. toza nauli katika daladala extort
money Hyperbolic extension of SS chanja split. in English Metaphorical extension of
applicative derivation of SS chapa hit. Bwana. Mara nyingi unachapia unapojaribu
kuzungumza Kiingereza. a character in a TV programme who was a gossip par excellence.
kampa mimba. kahaba. Usiniletee matatizo. gleam. Baada ya kuiba. In KKS . Punguza
kufanya naye mapenzi kila siku. hasa ya maneno ya Kiingereza . gt piga nao. hili gazeti
unauza chapaa ngapi Bwana. Jamaa kapiga bao kachana na neti. chanja v toza pesa.
commercial sex worker Probably dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS changu fish
species cherished as very good eating and SS doa mark. kondakta alitoza nauli upesi gt
chuna chanja mbuga v. mimi nataka chapaa.
yule ni mwanamke asiye bikira. chesa n msichana bikira virgin Metaphorical extension
based on the name of the car model Toyota quotChaserquot which has high prestige. Leo
kuna muvu poa sana tukalichekishie.zali zalina noma sina. Mjage. MaTZQ walikucheki. Ah
Timu yetu ilichemka kabisa Ah Timu yetu haikuweza kufanya vizuri. Gari lenyewe bei rahisi.
kushindwa katika kufanya kazi do something in vain.Chelea pina Mambo . gt nyemka. look
at. Especially used in greetings. kijana wa mjini. invest much effort without any result
Metaphorical extension of SS chemsha boil. tofanya kitu vizuri. kuniangalia hapo chumbani
Godi anatucheki. Degera amechemsha. Mjage. Hoya lile ni chenza. fanya vibaya make a
mistake. but without being able to get past the initial stages. gt cheki chechetuka v. washikaji.
basi. Degera ameshindwa. Lakini wewe mwenyewe chekibobu ushamaliza.stat
kujipendekeza. gt chungwa chekishia v.Safi tu cheki v ona.appl angalia watch. waandishi wa
habari wakanipiga picha. Mambo . marafiki. kushindwa. tazama see. umeshajua mabaya
yote. Now on decline. Ali ana mambo ya kichekibobu. Used in contrast to gofu girl who is not
a virgin any more. kuniangalia hapo chumbani Iko dei tutachekishiana mitaani. Njoo tucheki
kioo. Mapolisi wageni walikuona. curry favour with sb lt Akijua una dili za mshiko tu anaanza
kuchechetuka. chelea pina v. Hoya. mtu anayejirusharusha. Umekosea usingemwambia.
based on the image of cooking beans or maize where boiling is the first stage in its
preparation. watch Metonymic extension of SE check. Rare. basi. Kesho nitakuangalia
kwenye video. Ali ana mambo ya kihuni au ya ujana. hapo geto kunichekishia Njooni. The
less adapted check is also used in texts. Mnaona. chekibobu n kijana anayejiweka.caus toa
jasho nyingi bila mafanikio. gt gofu . Tomorrow nitakucheki kwenye runinga. Derivation from
LyM cheki see. Sijui tutakuona wapi tena. tokota chemsha v. well Probably coined by rap
artist II Proud in in his song quotMoja kwa mojaquot chelea pina . gt sista du chenza n
mwanamke asiye bikira woman who is not a virgin Metaphorical extension of SS chenza
tangerine Used in contrast to chungwa orange denoting a virgin. wakati nasevu mapaparazi
wakanifotoa picha. Umechemka usingemwambia. Sijui tutakucheki wapi tena. gt chekishia
chemka v. nyenyekea ingratiate os with sb. make sure. Leo kuna video nzuri sana
tukaiangalie. male urban youth Transfer from American slang checkbob. basi. Mnacheki.
wakati nilipotoroka. Introduced through a song by Suma Lee. hakikisha.caus. The image
implies that one gets stuck in the first steps of a complex task. do sth badly Metaphorical
extension of SS chemka boil. Iko siku tutaonana katika pitapita zetu. Concept A tangerine is
easier to peel than an orange.stat kosea. basi. Come and lets watch the video. Lakini wewe
mwenyewe ni kijana anayejiweka.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Gari lenyewe bei
chee. hapo geto kunichekishia Njooni. kijana mhuni male youth who is boasting. Mungu
anatuangalia. struggling hard.phr safi nice. Akijua una mipango ya pesa tu anaanza
kujipendekeza.
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING cheza bingo v.phr bahatisha try ones luck
participate in a game of chance Metaphorical extension of SE bingo game of hazard, game
of chance, which is also performed in Tanzanian TV expression quotplay bingoquot. Vipi una
dili gani Nacheza bingo. What are you doing in order to get something I try my luck in some
commerce. Mwanafunzi aliangalia kwa makini kama mwalimu anamwona. Nimempa shilingi
aniletee machungwa. Kaniletea ya shilingi mia na hamsini, hamsini kachikichia. Nimempa
shilingi aniletee machungwa. Kaniletea ya shilingi mia na hamsini, hamsini ameficha
mfukoni. Alichikichia mishiko yote. Alificha pesa zote.
gt
cheza chesi v.phr hadaa, danganya, tumia
njia isiyo halali kwa ujanja manouver, cheat Metaphorical extension of SE chess expression
quotplay chessquot. Not common Nilicheza chesi polisi wakaniachia. Nilidanganya polisi
wakaniachia.
chikopa n hali ya kupendeza kwa mavazi
smart look lt Introduced through a song by Fid Q Bongo Fleva Suti uliyoivaa imekutoa
chikopa. Suti uliyoivaa imekupendeza.
chee, chechee disc nzuri good, alright
lt Standard reply to greetings such as kidanka, or danka. Probably development of the older
Swahili slang forms chee easy free of charge Ohly a . Yule ni msichana kama wa chee Yule
ni msichana mzuri sana.
chimba v soma sana study intensively
Metaphorical extension of SS chimba dig. Also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a .
Kuchimba kitu gani bwana, siyo bongo Kusoma kuna maana gani bwana, Dar es Salaam
hakuna
gt bukua, chimbo, Joni Kisomo, kesha na vitabu
chicha n hali ya kulewa kupita kiasi
drunkenness Metonymic extension of SS chicha lees, residuum after beer has been strained,
motivated by the image of draining something to the lees, probably also related to the older
Swahili slang chicha native beer attested in Ohly a . Niko chicha. Nimelewa sana.
gt bwi, bomba, bunduki, keroro, tungi
chimba biti v.phr tishia kwa maneno threaten
verbally Metaphorical extension from SS chimba dig plus LyM biti which see Usinichimbe biti.
Usinitishie. Wandago walichimba biti la kutisha. Mapolisi walitishia sana.
gt mikwara
chimbo n/ . nyumbani . maficho .
sehemu ya kubukua . home . hiding place . retreat to study Dysphemistic extension of SS
chimbo mine Twende chimbo Twende nyumbani
chikichia v.appl . elekea, ondoka . angalia
kwa makini . ficha, ficha sana, k.m. katika sehemu za siri . lala na msichana danganya
msichana meaning provided by female informant . head for, go away . watch carefully . hide,
hide very well, e.g. in private parts . sleep with a woman Metonymic extension of derivate of
SS chikicha cut with a sawing motion, as with something blunt. Aliponidakisha mshiko tu
nimechikichia. Aliponipa pesa tu nikaondoka. Mwanafunzi alichikichia kama mwalimu
anamwona.
chini adv mambo ya ngono sex
Metonymic extension of SS chini beneath, below. Huyu jamaa anapenda chini sana. Huyu
jamaa anapenda mambo ya ngono sana.
chinja v . mwanamke kutoza pesa kwa
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
mwanamume . mwanamke kufanya mapenzi kwa ajili ya kupata pesa . women extort money
from men . women make love in order to get money Hyperbolic extension of SS chinja
slaughter. Mshikaji anamaindi kuchinja kinoma. Yule rafiki anapenda sana kufanya mapenzi.
gt chuna, buzi
choko n/ msenge homosexual man
Metaphoric extension of SS choko oven Or terminal clipping of LyM chokolaa We choko nini
Wewe ni shoga au nini
gt anti, bwabwa, chakula, mshumaa, kaka poa
chokolaa, chokoraa n/ watoto wa mitaani
ambao hawana sehemu pa kuishi street children, homeless children Metaphorical extension
of transfer from French chocolat chocolate Transfer from Kenyan Sheng chokora. Mtoto yule
ni chokolaa. Mtoto yule ni mtoto wa mitaani.
chizi n . mtu afanyaye mambo ya kihunihuni
. rafiki . cheater, hooligan . friend Dysphemistic extension of SS chizi stupid person, crazy
person. In older Swahili slang as white man, European Ohly a . . Yule mtu si wa kufanya
naye biashara, chizi kweli yule. . Yule mtu si wa kufanya naye biashara, mambo yake ya
kihunihuni. . Chizi wangu vipi . Rafiki yangu vipi
gt mento, kichizi, mchizi
choli v iba steal
Transfer and semantic extension of Gujarati choli thief. Babu kwa kucholi umezidi sana.
Rafiki kwa kuiba umezidi sana.
gt chomoa
choma v semea kwa kuongeza uongo
denounce, sell out by exaggerating Metaphorical extension of SS choma roast pierce.
Unaenda kuchoma kwa mshua. Unaenda kusemea kwa baba.
choo n matatizo, ovyo, baya trouble,
something problematic, shit, bad Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS choo toilette.
Very popular in late s. Mambo yalikuwa choo. Mambo yalikuwa mabaya.
gt kasheshe, kimeo, kizaazaa, msala, noma, sheshe, soo, zali
chomboa v iba, dokoa steal as a pickpocket
lt Seems to be variant of LyM chomoa. Nimetoka sokoni, nilipopita mtaa wa Kongo
wakachomboa ndizi kwenye kapu langu. Nimetoka sokoni, nilipopita mtaa wa Kongo
wakaiba ndizi kwenye kapu langu.
gt chomoa
choo paspoti saizi n.phr choo chenye kuta
fupi na ambacho hakina paa outside toilet with low wall and no roof Hyperbolic extension of
SS toilet and SE passport size. In such a toilet the head and shoulders of a person can be
seen from outside like a passport photograph expression toilet of passport size. Choo chetu
cha paspoti saizi. Choo chetu hakina kuta ndefu.
chomekea v . tongoza . ingiza jambo
mahali ambapo halikutarajiwa . ingiza gari mbele ya mwingine bila utaratibu mzuri . seduce .
chip in . overtake car in a hazardous way, because the space is very small Semantic
extension of SS chomekea stick into. . Tulipokuwa tukiongea na yule demu kuhusu masomo
nilichomekea swala la mapenzi, likajibu. . Tulipokuwa tukiongea na yule demu kuhusu
masomo niliingiza swala la mapenzi, likafanikiwa. . Kwenye kikao nilichomekea ishu ya likizo
chobi, chobingo n/ pembeni corner
lt Oya mshikaji, njoo nikupe dili kiaina hapa chobi. We rafiki yangu, njoo nikueleze siri kuhusu
kitu fulani hapa pembeni.
UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING
fupi. . Kwenye kikao niliingiza swali la likizo fupi katika agenda. . Amenichomekea, afande. .
Ameniwekea gari mbele bila utaratibu, afande. Vick alikimbia upesi na kuipokea barua hiyo
chomokea v kumwendea msichana kwa nia
ya kumtongoza approach a girl in order to seduce her Metaphorical extension of stative plus
applicative derivation of SS chomoa extract, take out Wanadai eti kuna mchizi wetu
anamchomokea demu wao. Wanadai eti kuna rafiki yetu anamwendea msichana wao kwa
nia ya kumtongoza.
chomoa v.sep . ondoka ghafla bila kupanga
toka mwanzo . kataa, katalia ombi au shauri . iba . toa . make off, go away abruptly . refuse
to respond to an advice, or to a request . steal . give Semantic extension of SS chomoa pull
out, unplug, extract, bring to light, related to the older Swahili slang chomoa pinch, pick up
sbs pocket, lend Ohly a . . Alisimama katika foleni, akachomoa. . Alisimama katika foleni,
akaondoka ghafla. . Dereva wa daladala alichomoa mchuma. . Dereva wa daladala
aliondosha gari. . Alichomoa shauri. . Alikatalia shauri. . Nimempa dili kachomoa. . Nimempa
kazi kaikataa. . Dereva wa daladala alichomoa kumlipa askari. . Dereva wa daladala alikataa
kumpa askari pesa. . Kibaka alichomoa pochi ya Juma. . Mwizi aliiba pochi ya Juma. . Yule
alichomoa pesa. . Yule alitoa pesa.
gt timua
chonde inj tafadhali, naomba please
Transfer from a local Bantu language, e.g. Yao, Makonde, Mwera. Also attested in older
Swahili slang as chondechonde please, please Ohly a
chonga v . ongea sana . toboa siri, eneza
maneno ya uongo . chatter, talk uselessly . give away secret, leak information Metaphorical
extension of SS chonga carve probably ellipsis of the SS phraseme chonga maneno invent a
story. . Jamaa anachonga kweli. . Jamaa anapenda kuongea sana. . Unachonga sana siku
hizi. . Unaongea sana siku hizi. . Yule amenichonga. . Yule ametoboa siri yangu.
gt pakaza
chuchu saa sita n.phr maziwa
yaliyochongoka, maziwa yasiyoanguka female breast that points upwards, so that the nipples
point also upwards like the hands of a clock in the h position Hyperbolic metonymic
extension of SS chuchu nipple and saa sita oclock, based on the image of the position of the
hands of a clock at h expression quotnipple oclockquot. Mtoto kaumbika, chuchu saa sita.
Msichana ameumbika, matiti yake yamechongoka.
gt matiti saa sita
chomoka v.stat kimbia, toroka run away, run
away from Stative derivation / backformation of SS chomoza make a way out, come out also
attested in the older Swahili slang phraseme chomoka mbio run fast Ohly a , which is also
still in use. In KKS . Washikaji, chomokeni Mamwela kibao wanakatiza maskani. Jamani,
kimbieni Mapolisi wengi wanapita nyumbani. Vicenti alimchomoka mama yake. Vicenti
alimtoroka mama yake. Vick alichomoka mbio na kuipokea barua hiyo.
chuma n bastola pistol
Metonymic extension of SS chuma iron. In KKS with remark quotmsemoquot. Also in KKS .
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
Dereva teksi alivamiwa na majambazi. Hakutaka kuwaachia gari, wakamtolea chuma.
Dereva teksi alivamiwa na majambazi. Hakutaka kuwaachia gari, wakamtolea bastola.
gt mguu wa kuku
chote toka kwake.
gt buzi
chungwa n mwanamke bikira virgin
Metaphorical extension of SS chungwa orange. Used in contrast to chenza tangerine
denoting a woman who is not a virgin any more. An orange can not be peeled as easily as a
tangerine. Introduced through a song by Suma Lee. Hoya lile ni chungwa. Hoya, yule ni
mwanamke bikira.
gt chenza
chuma n msichana mzuri, mtu au kitu chenye
maana beautiful girl, girlfriend or other treasured objects Metonymic extension of SS iron,
related to the older Swahili slang item chuma beauty and the phraseme mtoto chuma lovely
girl and kama chuma fine, O.K. Ohly a . Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Miye
nnacho chuma changu. Miye nnaye msichana wangu. Jamaani, yule ni chuma kweli.
Jamaani, yule ana maana kweli. Yule msichana chuma kweli. Yule msichana bomba kweli.
chupi n/ msichana, mwanamke girl, young
woman Dysphemistic synecdoche of SS chupi underpant. Attested in older Swahili slang as
mini skirt Ohly a Kulikuwa na chupi nyingi. Kulikuwa na wasichana wengi.
chwee, chwee rega disc hakuna there is none
Probably development of the older Swahili slang forms chee easy free of charge and
chewale cheap, free of charge Ohly a plus metaphorical extension of SS rega be careless be
limp, be loose, be slack. Chwee rega, babu lake, dongo limeyeyuka. Hakuna, jamaa yangu,
ugali umeisha.
chuna v toza pesa, pata kitu fulani kwa njia
ya kufanya mapenzi na mwanamume extort money, extort money from a man in a sexual
relationship Metaphorical extension of SS chuna flay. Common, ten years old. Wanachojua
watoto wa mjini ni kuwachuna wote wanaozubaa. Wanachojua watoto wa mjini ni kuwatoza
hela wote wanaozubaa. Nimemchuna shilingi elfu tano. Nimepata shilingi elfu tano kwa njia
ya kujiuza.
gt chinja, buzi
chkari n hali ya kulewa drunkenness
Ellipsis of expression amelewa chkari he is extremely drunk SS chakari more than usually.
Probably originally metaphorical extension of SS chakari hangman. Yuko chkari. Amelewa
sana.
gt bunduki, bwi, chicha, bunduki, keroro, tungi, zimika
chuna buzi v.phr mwanamke kutoza pesa kwa
mwanamume ambaye anatembea naye have a sexual relationship with a man in order to get
money out of him Metaphorical extension of SS chuna flay and buzi big goat. Mary anachuna
buzi. Mary ana mwanamume ambaye anampatia pesa. Hata ukinuna buzi
tumelichuna.Khanga writing Hata ukinuna, nimefanya mapenzi na mtu mwenye uwezo na
nimeshapata cho
chlea pina disc nzuri sana, safi sana,
barbara very good Semantic extension of SS chelea be apprehensive plus unidentified
second element pina Standard reply to greetings such as kidanka, hali vipi or mambo vipi.
Sometimes heard as bina. Coined and popularised through Bongo Fleva song quotMoja kwa
Mojaquot by II Proud on Album quotNdani ya Bongoquot in
gt gobole. discotheque Dysphemistic extension of SS debe tin. boat. Wewe na mimi tupo wa
karibu sana. On decline. dalikwa ngoma v.caus pa give Dysphemistic extension of SS daka
grab. hasa ukimwi get infected with a disease. Ngwair She Gotta Gwan Kila unapopita
wanaume unawahangaisha. lakini siyo mpenzi relationship debweza v kulegeza nguo suruali
katika kiuno loosen clothes at waist . ship. Kila unapopita masela unawadatisha. . dalika v
ambukiza ugonjwa. Tulijirusha debe mpaka liamba. Fr. ngoma damdam. sarafu ya shilingi .
Alinidakisha mshiko. gt dalikwa ngoma debe n/ . coin of TSh. Mchezaji wao namba dala
aliwasaidia sana wasifungwe. gwala. Amemwambukiza. . bee. . Natumaini mpo wazima. Dar
kombaini n aina moja ya kitu au mtindo wa kuvaa unaoenea wakati fulani jijini Dar any item
or fashion of clothing which comes up in Dar es Salaam and lasts for some time Metonymic
extension of SS Dar DaresSalaam plus transfer from SE combine. Alinipa pesa. gt datisha
dala n .UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING . disko . Leo nataka kuzamia debe
kwenda bondeni. Tulistarehe katika disko mpaka asubuhi. Tuliza boli. . mambo mazuri sana.
Natumaini mpo fiti. gt zezeta. taraa datisha v. get nervous. Juzi nilimdakisha fuba. Juzi
nilimpa pesa. Ameambukizwa ukimwi. make nervous Causative derivation of LyM data. .
meli. hasa ukimwi infect with a disease. Expression Dar es Salaam combine. ziro dakisha v.
mambo mazuri sana. can. Subiri mambo. dakika moja mbele n. damu damu n hali ya kuwa
rafiki wa karibu. data v hangaika. zoba. Leo nataka kuzamia meli kwenda Afrika Kusini. . gt
dalika. Mambo safi sana. changanyikiwa get puzzled. gari . Madenti walisoma mpaka kudata.
rafiki yangu. Amemdalika.caus hangaisha puzzle. especially AIDS lt . Mchezaji wao namba
tano aliwasaidia sana wasifungwe. Wewe na mimi damu damu. especially AIDS lt Passive
form of LyM dalika infect plus LyM ngoma AIDS. Celestino na Rolani wamekwea debe
kwenda Gumbu. Celestino na Rolani wamepanda gari kwenda Gumbu. car . mambo chlea
ya pina. . Mambo chlea na nguvu pina. Wanafunzi walisoma mpaka kuchanganyikiwa.
between close friend Semantic extension of SS damu blood. mambo chlea pina. Ile nguo ni
nzuri lakini imekuwa Dar kombaini. dating from the time. Mimi na Juma ni damdam.
Amedalikwa ngoma. when one USDollar was worth TSh early s.phr mtu asiye na akili stupid
person Metaphoric expression quotone minute aheadquot. Mimi na Juma tuna uhusiano wa
karibu sana. five Metonymic extension of SE dollar. Ile nguo ni nzuri lakini imevaliwa na watu
wengi. The song has a line quotChelea pina zali zalina noma sinaquot. Fr. be confused
Metonymic semantic extension of SE data having too much data causes confusion. tano . .
kichaa wangu.phr ambukizwa na ugonjwa. .
Rafiki. Iko dei tutachekishiana mitaani. ndege ya jeshi bomber. Dr.phr n . Amededi. kata kei.
gt bwenzi. denge n/ mtindo wa nywele wa kipolisi na kiaskari haircut of police style the hair is
shaved around the ears Metonymic extension of SS denge goat pen built on poles. Amekufa.
Mademu ni mapepe. Denti yule amefanya fujo. msichana mzuri unmarried girl. huyu demu
ana bonge la bambataa Du.phr. mtu mwenye kazi isiyo na mkataba labourer.LUGHA YA
MITAANI IN TANZANIA lt gt kata kundu.prostitute. beautiful young woman . mlegezo. Ipo dei
nitakuja kukukill. Nikamdaka Tom nikampa denda. Madent wa Kurio leo wametinga
makatalogi. Yule demu yuko bomba. raised off the ground. Gwassa siku fulani kaondoka na
pikipiki. Nikamdaka Tom nikampa busu mdomoni. Gwassa dei fulani kamotoa na mtutu. ni
balaa Semantic extension of SE dame. Ipo siku nitakuja kukuua. ipo siku tutavaa suruali za
jinsi. gt kata kamba dege la jeshi n. Mshirika. lady. malaya. deile adv kila siku daily Transfer
from SE daily. Tulipeana busu jepesi mdomoni. Deile mi natimba skani. hasa yule
anayeshukiwa kuwa ameathirika na ukimwi . Yule msichana ni mzuri sana. Mimi huwa
napenda sana kunyoa denge. worker without contract Transfer from SE day worker. Kila siku
mimi naingia kijiweni. ni soo . deiwaka n/ mtu mwenye ajira ya kubahatisha. Also attested in
Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . demu n/ mwanamke ambaye hajaolewa. mwanachuo. Ipo dei
fulani mamwela walinijia kutaka niwagee ganja ili wanisobe rupango. Mbaabu amp Nzuga .
Mwanafunzi yule amefanya fujo. . mainly female Initial clipping of SE student. untidy person .
Yule demu yuko pini. Ipo siku fulani polisi walinijia kutaka niwape bangi ili wanichukue
gerezani. mdebwezo dedi v kufa die Extension of transfer from SE dead. gt ushanta desa n/
karatasi au kitabu cha kutumia katika mtihani kwa kuangalizia majibu bila ruhusa notes and
books used for cheating in exams lt Popular in schools and colleges. Wanafunzi wa Kurio leo
wamevaa nguo nzuri. huyu msichana ana matako makubwa gt kipopo. In KKS and . ipo dei
tutawamba masuru ya jeans. Tulipeana denda jepesi. hasa msichana student. Mademu
bomba wameibuka. ni dege la jeshi. Wasichana ni wahuni. mlupo denda n busu mdomoni
French kiss Metonymic extension of SS denda saliva. Du. Wanafunzi walifaulu kwa madesa.
panki denti n/ mwanafunzi. gt piga denda dei n siku day Transfer from SE day. Cognitive
motivation form. Mimi huwa napenda sana mtindo wa nywele wa kipolisi. Msichana yule ni
mzuri sana. also reported for older Swahili slang as dem Ohly a and for Sheng Moga amp
Fee . Dr. usifuatilie yule msichana. especially one who is suspected to have been infected by
HIV Hyperbolic metaphorical extension of augmentative of SS n. Mshikaji usifuatilie lile luzi.
Iko siku tutaonana katika pitapita zetu. Yule msichana ni mzuri sana. mtu asiyejijali . Yule
demu yuko magoli. Wasichana wazuri wamekuja. ana hatari ya ukimwi. Rafiki.
biashara. kazi . nyeta. secret. Habari za dingi How is your father Huyu ni dingi yangu. . pini
dingi n baba. Juma anapenda sana kudesa. Kila mtu anatamani japo kufika tu Dar es
Salaam. Sasa. . gt alasiri. project. mzee father. doma n sarafu ya shilingi coin of TSh. lt Not
common. jiti. . leading man. Nahitaji kadi ya simu ya shilingi mia tano. gt staili dilei v chelewa
be late. mnanieleza vipi kuhusu jambo hili . Nimependa sana dizaini ya kitanda kile pale.
Transfer from SE dollar. dizaini dizaini n. be delayed Semantic extension of transfer from SE
delay. Yule jamaa domo lake gundi yule. Amedilei. Amechelewa. mambo ya utapeli cheating.
phr mambo ya uongo. . Yupo mzungu mmoja jina Lorand kanieleza siri kuwa atanipa gari.
Huyu dingi mdosi kweli. lieing Euphemistic extension of reduplication of LyM quotdizainiquot.
. Nimempa kazi kaikataa. Nimempa dili kachomoa. Nieleze siri . muundo design. Nimependa
sana mtindo wa kitanda kile pale. Alipochelewa tu mzee mzima nikakimbia.prop. quotDola
mojaquot denotes a voucher of shillings. Acha mambo ya utapeli yako hapa. staili. Juma
anapenda sana kudanganya katika mtihani. old man lt Since s. njoo nikupe dili kiaina hapa
chobi. expression quotglue lipquot. Sasa. Alipodilei tu mzee mzima nikakunjuka. domo gundi
n. njoo nikueleze siri kuhusu kitu fulani hapa pembeni. Huyu baba tajiri kweli. Acha dizaini
dizaini zako hapa. Huyu ni baba yangu. . mtu mzito wa kuzungumza rhetorically slow and
clumsy person Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS domo big lip and gundi glue. Kila
mtu anatamani japo kufika tu Dizim.loc Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Derived from the
acronym DSM for Dar es Salaam. gt kibuti gt mdingi. mpango. Nipe dili . gt Bongo dili n/ .
Nipe kadi ya simu ya shilingi elfu tano. michongo dola n Shilingi TSh. jambo . nyanga.
marafiki. Nahitaji vocha ya nusu dola. Almost obsolete. affair . siri. Dizim n.business.UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Wanafunzi walifaulu kwa kuchungulia majibu
kwenye karatasi. hais. mkuu wa sehemu. style Transfer from SE design. mtu muhimu
mwenye pesa. but they were paid in Tanzanian shillings. Used in connection with prepaid
telephone cards. put on airs Popular in schools and colleges. important man with money. gt
ishu. By the time Vodafone introduced prepaid cards they gave the value in dollars.
washikaji.phr mtu asiyependa au asiyeweza kuzungumza. Yupo mlami mmoja jina Lorand
kanigea dili kuwa atanigea chesa. Nipe vocha ya dola tano. dizaini n mtindo. work Semantic
extension of SE deal. mnanitonya vipi kuhusu dili hili . We rafiki yangu. . Oya mshikaji.
daddy. desa v danganya katika mtihani cheat in exams Semantic extension of SS desa show
off. mshua Disiem n aina ya gari la abiria Toyota DCM small bus quotToyota DCMquot
Acronym.
expression quotdrop linesquot. mtu mzito wa kuzungumza rhetorical clumsyness and
slowness Dysphemistic extension of SS domo big lip and jaa kokoto be full with gravel.
raised from the ground and often roofed over. domo zito du interj. nigee basi hata ganja tu.
Kama dongo hola.phr tabia ya mtu asiyependa au asiyeweza kuzungumza. domo zege.
domo zito. domo limejaa kokoto domo limejaa kokoto n. ugali umeisha. gt bondo. domo zito
n.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Yule ni mzito wa kuongea. Yule ni mzito sana wa
kuongea.m. gt bondo. Yule hawezi kuongea. for a watchman guarding crops on a plantation.
Akaimba mistari ya wimbo wake. dongo. basi aina ya Toyota Hiace anything which has a
rounded top. emolo . mtu mzito wa kuzungumza rhetorically slow and clumsy person
Dysphemistic extension of SS domo big lip and zito heavy. dongo n ugali porridge
Dysphemistic extension of augmentative derivation of SS udongo clay. Yule ni domo gundi. It
was derived from the name MacDonald of the owner of the first flour mill erected in Morogoro
in Tanganyika. Yule ni mzito wa kuzungumza. chana mistari. bus model Toyota Hiace
Metaphorical extension of SS dungu stage or platform. ni domo zege. nguna.phr mtu
asiyependa au asiyeweza kuzungumza. nguna.phr mtu asiyependa au asiyeweza
kuzungumza. sembe domo zege n. twenzetu kanigee dongo Rafiki. leo nna ubao kinoma. leo
nina njaa sana. sembe dondosha mistari v. Mdomo wake mzito sana. gt domo gundi. Domo
lake limejaa kokoto. mtu mzito wa kuzungumza rhetorically slow and clumsy person
Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS domo big lip and zege concrete. kila siku ugali
kwa maharage. Mshirika. Akadondosha mistari ya traki zake. Cognitive motivation form. nipe
hata bangi tu. domo zege According to Gower the word was used in the s with the meaning
of maize flour. Juma siku hizi anaendesha hais dungu. gt domo zito. Yule hajui kuongea.
hawezi kuongea. leo umevaa saa kubwa. twende ukanipe ugali Chwee rega. bali ni cha
mviringo. jamaa yangu. hawezi kuongea. Kama ugali umeisha. leo umevaa bonge la saa. gt
achia mistari. Domo lake lina ujauzito. Juma siku hizi anaendesha Toyota Hiace. Hakuna.
dongo limeyeyuka. domo limejaa kokoto. domo lina ujauzito. dona. kaka. Maisha ya gerezani
ni magumu. alama ya mshangao ah. expression big lip full of gravel.g. Yule ni mzito sana wa
kuongea. Du bloo. hawezi kuongea. oh lt Very common. domo zege dungu n kitu ambacho
kwa juu si cha mraba. e. colloquial. kila siku dona kwa maharage. gt domo gundi. expression
quotbig lip of concretequot. k. Maisha ya jeli ni magumu. Yule ni mzito wa kuongea. gt panki
dona n ugali wa mahindi yasiyokobolewa porrridge made of maize flour from nonhusked
maize Metonymic extension of SS dona maize flour made from nonhusked maize. Alaa.phr
imba nyimbo za quotrapquot rap verses Metaphorical extension of SS dondosha drop plus
mistari lines. babu lake. shusha mistari domo lina ujauzito idiom kutokuwa na uwezo wa
kuzungumza vizuri be clumsy in speaking Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS domo
big lip and SS ujauzito pregnancy quotbig lip with pregnancyquot. expression heavy big lip.
domo limejaa kokoto. gt domo gundi. ni domo zito.
Kwenye simu Ongea fasta fasta. the name of a very small singer in the Congelese soukous
band quotEmpire Bakubaquot. Katika mizunguko yangu nimepata faranga. Feruzi is a Haya
name. ngwengwe. naomba sigara nivute kidogo. mtu mfupi . pimbi Transfer from French
franc. shoti.html. quotAkihutubia. Katika mizunguko yangu nimepata pesa. . Mshikaji. fasta
fasta adv upesi.. bovu kitu . fagilia v sifia kitu au mtu praise sth or sb Metaphorical extension
of SS sweep at. Sani MC huyo alishika mikrofoni. Nimeenda bichi nikakutana na emoro.. sth
rotten. nigee fegi nipige pafu moja. In their live shows both the giant Kall and the dwarf
Emoro danced to enchant the public see http//www. fia v.. umeme. short person Onomastic
synecdoche based on Emoro. munganya endesha v. kanyaga miwaya. Hoya. haraka. bandia
pesa . Ameniletea pesa bandia. Emsii huyo alishika maiki. shuta shuta emsii n/ msanii wa
Bongo Fleva Master of ceremony MC in HipHop culture Transfer from English. Rafiki nipe
pesa.appl penda mtu kupita kiasi be very much in love Hyperbolic ironic extension of SS fia
die faranga n/ pesa money . Fanya haraka rafiki.quot quotJamaani tumfagilie sherehe
yakequot quotWawaaaquot quotJamaani tumsifie sherehe yakequot . Hoya.UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING gt emoro emoro n . sweep away. mbona umenipa
pamba famba ile. gt sista P. nimeishiwa. fake money lt New in . bad . hela yenyewe ni
ndogo. fasta. n ya bandia fake Transfer from SE fake. thus only good ones remain. Hii mali ni
nzima au feki Hii mali ni nzima au ya bandia feruzi n ukimwi AIDS Onomastic synecdoche
based on the name of the rapper Ferooz. chupa ndogo ya Coca Cola .caus harisha have
diarrhoea Metaphorical extension of SS endesha drive.. gt shaa shaa.. and AIDS started in
Tanzania among the Haya in Kagera Region. virusi famba adj . Rais Mkapa aliwasifia
wagombea . Ana ukimwi. also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . Jana niliharisha sana.
quick quick Transfer from SE faster. Cognitive motivation sweeping somebody is like
cleaning him from all bad things. Nipatie fegi mbili hapo.quot Nipashe. Nimeenda bichi
nikakutana na mtu mfupi sana. Kwenye simu Ongea haraka. Mbona uko fasta sana. Oya
nigee faranga. Ana feruzi. Rais Mkapa aliwafagilia wagombea . chapu chapu
quickly.com/MotorCity/Spe edway//frames/artbakuba. Also. Fanya fasta mshikaji. Nipatie
sigara mbili hapo. Not common.quotNdiyoquot feki adj. Nenda fasta fasta urudi. Mbona una
haraka sana. hela yenyewe ni ndogo. nimekalukwa. Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp
Nzuga . Jana niliendesha sana wacha mchezo. fegi n/ sigara cigarette Transfer of SE fag.
Nenda haraka urudi. gt ngoma. Ameniletea famba.geocities.. fast.. The founder Pp Kall was
m tall. ml bottle of CocaCola .. mbona umenipa nguo mbovu. gt mneli. who had a song about
AIDS. Rafiki. quotAkihutubia.
Wewe nini bwana. Hali yake yu mzima. Hali yake yuko fresh. Washirika. mtu mwenyewe
fidodido tu. nipe shilingi hamsini zangu .htm. mambo or mitikasi. very slim person .phr simu
ya mkononi kubwa bigsized mobile phone Onomastic synecdoche based on soap brand
quotFoma limauquot which is a bar soap. nakala photo. sarafu ya shilingi . mshirika Mambo
yapo mazuri. gt English figure. a character from a commercial of Pepsi Cola. Mnaona.
Primarily used as reply to greetings such as vipi. Mambo freshi gado fisi n/ . booze in older
Swahili slang Ohly a . the TShirts appeared. FL Ah. Wewe nini bwana. Possibly rather
derived from transfer of SE fifty. Mnacheki.com/ENG/Fido/f idodido. . tuondoke. . motivation
unclear. gt zimia fidodido n . mtindo wa nywele kwa wanaume pembeni ya kichwa hakuna
nywele. wewe uko fiti Je. msichana huyu ana umbo mzuri sana. Wacha tule wali. salama
fine. wakati nasevu mapaparazi wakanifotoa picha. attested as beer. Wacha tufinye nyali. .
attested in various forms of adaptation ranging from fresh over freshi to fuleshi. kiptabo finya
v kula ugali eat ugali Metonymic dysphemistic extension of SS finya pinch. standup hair see
http//www. since rhinos are imaged on the coin. coin of TSh. msichana huyu ana figa nzuri
sana. marafiki. well. safi. mtu mwoga . . zuri fit Transfer from SE fit. Ah. certain haircut
preferred by males sides of head are shaved. Nimekupenda kupita kiasi. zuri. but on top
there is hair left Metonymic extension of quotFido Didoquot. Oya. fotoa v piga picha mtu au
kitu take a photo of sb or sth Derivation based on SE photo. Fido Dido.rmlicensing.inv zima.
photocopy Transfer from SE photo. mtu mwembamba sana . . fiesta n shati ya kiume yenye
mikono mifupi kind of TShirt for men Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of the music
festival quotFiestaquot. mapaparazi watatuchukua foto. He is very slim and has a triangular
head with eight locks of scary. In the year of the first festival ca. Also attested in Sheng
Mbaabu amp Nzuga . mambo mazuri sana. Wewe fisi tu . Jamani. which was used in
Tanzania at the end of the s. . very successful licensed character. wewe uko sawa gt fresh
foma limau n.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA for. Natumaini mpo fiti. rafiki Je. adv zima.
Nimekufia. Mambo yapo fiti. juu nywele zinakuwa nyingi . mche wa sabuni foto n/ picha.
waandishi wa habari watatupiga picha. washikaji. Oya. cornball. figa n umbo mzuri wa mtu
mwanamke good figure of woman Transfer of SE figure. mtu mwenyewe mwembamba sana
tu. a gawky. waandishi wa habari wakanipiga picha. fresh Transfer from SE fresh. Not
common. Natumaini mpo wazima. Wewe mwoga tu fiti adj. tuishie. gt mshindi. Cognitive
motivation form. freshi adj. wakati nilipotoroka. nisusie fisi yangu . Kanifotoa mapicha kibao.
was invented in . Akanipiga picha nyingi. mambo chelea ya pina. kimbitel. coward Semantic
extension of SS fisi hyena. also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a .
shore Mambo fresh gado Mambo poa tayari Nipo gado. Jamaa kanifunga kamba.
Nilimdakisha fuba.g. Obviously coined by Bongo Fleva artist Prof. Sasa alianza kufungasha
nyuma. wamechukua pesa zote. katika gari air cooled by air condition. rotten. gt jazia fuba n
pesa money lt There could be a connection to fupa highly paid job as attested in older
Swahili slang Ohly a . Gari iko full kipupwe.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING
Mambo yanaendelea vizuri sana Lorand kawamba gamba kiufuleshi. Anafunga kamba tu
hapa. Jana ulipendeza kupita kiasi. Kiongozi wa majambazi kasema mwue. . Kwenye disko
tulifunika bovu. Katika gari kuna hewa baridi sana. Mainly in the phraseologisms
quotfungasha nyumaquot and quotfungashia mzigoquot. Wahuni wamenibana. k. Nipo
kamili. Ile party ilikuwa funika bovu. kitu kizuri kupita vingine excel Hyperbolic metaphorical
extension of SS funika cover and bovu bad. Lorand kavaa suruali maridadi. Kwenye disko
tulistarehe kupita kiasi.phr fanya vizuri kupita wengine. expression quottie the ropequot.
expression quotcover the bad thingquot. brave Semantic extension of SE guard or based on
SS gadi prop. Yule an matako makubwa. sema uwongo. gt kamba. humwezi.phr ua mtu kill
sb Euphemistic metaphoric extension of SS fyeka weed and mnazi coconut tree. uchache
fuga ndevu v. expression quotweed/cut the coconut treequot. mshiko. funga makamba v. gt
mafweza fyeka mnazi v. Kiongozi wa majambazi kasema fyeka mnazi. Amenidanganya.
danganya tell lies Metaphorical extension of SS funga tie plus SS kamba rope. Yule mama
amefungashia mzigo. adv tayari. Referring to the image of sb being tied inside kumfunga mtu
ndani. in a car Metaphorical extension of SS kipupwe rainy season. kamili. Anasema uongo
tu hapa. e. Majita wamenitaiti. wamelamba fuba lote. Yule amenidanganya tu. Yule jamaa
kwa makamba achana naye. gado adj. shupavu ready. Nilimpa pesa. hodari. expression
quotfull rainy seasonquot.phr ongopa. rafiki. mkwanja. The augmentative mafweza is more
common. Sina fweza. Yule ana fuba kweli. Yule mama ana matako makubwa. Since . Jana
ulifunika bovu babaake. Jay in his track quotZali la mentaliquot the luck of the crazy one in .
gt mapene.m. Ile party ilkuwa nzuri hakuna mfano.phr kuwa na mpenzi wa kiume kwa
mwanamume live with a homosexual partner men fuga as cohabit attested in older Swahili
slang Ohly a funika bovu v. gt fuleshi Yule mtu kwa uongo amezidi. Yule ana pesa kweli. gt
kiyoyozi fweza n fedha money Derived from SS fedha money. piga fiksi fungasha nyuma v
kuwa na matako makubwa have large buttocks Semantic extension of SS fungasha fasten
sth behind sth else. Amenifungia kamba. Yule amefungasha. Sasa alianza kuwa na matako
makubwa.phr hewa iliyopozwa sana. fuleshi gt freshi full kipupwe n. Sina fedha.
capital gei v gawia. Kwa nini umemgandisha mwenzio hapa Kwa nini unamlazimisha
mwenzio kusimama hapa kwa muda mrefu Mbona jana ulinigandisha. Kama dongo hola.
Kama ugali umeisha. Vipi mbona hamnigei stori. be distorted in older Swahili slang Ohly a .
kupa share. Very common. identity card Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS gamba
bark. Yupo mlami mmoja kanigea dili kuwa atanigea cheser. pass. but in Tanzania it means
mirungi stimulant herb. hasa aina ya mirungi drugs Transfer from Sheng Kenya gamu lt SE
gum. nigee basi hata ganja tu. Ali alinipa shilingi hamsini jana. stick to Attested as be
garbled. Nikaona kwamba analeta maneno ya uongo ndiyo nikaanza kumpa kipigo kikali.
hasa pesa pass. jinsi nzito . kitambulisho . Also attested in older Swahili slang as desirable
woman Gowert . kuna tatizo au aibu. Lorand kavaa jinsi nzito safi sana. ganja n bangi Indian
hemp. Nipatie. homosexual man queen Ohly a . basi. shinda beat sb heavily. Lorand
kawamba gamba kiufuleshi. . bonge la dili nikugee. Ulikuwa ukikaa sana nyumbani. gt suru.
share sth especially money Probably generalised derivation from Sheng ganji money or
property with which to accomplish a given project. tega antena nikuganjie dili Tulia. pa. leave.
Ipo siku fulani polisi walinijia kutaka niwape bangi ili wanichukue gerezani. and desirable
woman. Yupo mzungu mmoja kanieleza siri kuwa atanipa gari. gea v gawia. Simba mwaka
huu kazi yao kugawa dozi tu. Mshikaji nigee gamu yangu. Ipo dei fulani mamwela walinijia
kutaka niwagee ganja ili wanisobe rupango. ganda v simama sehemu moja kwa muda mrefu
stand at a place for a long time Metaphorical extension of SS ganda coagulate. Ulikuwa
ukiganda nyumbani. patia. heavy jeans . beautiful woman lt According to Gower derived from
Japanese geisha. Mbona jana hukutokea pale sehemu tulipokubaliana kukutana. give
Metonymic dysphemistic extension of SS . Yule ni msichana wangu. Ali alinigea fisi jana.
msuba. It denotes quotgluequot in Kenya Mbaabu amp Nzuga . gt pini gamu n/ dawa ya
kulevya. defeat Metaphorical extension of SS gawa divide. young. Tumepewa vitambulisho
vyetu jana. nikueleze siri kubwa. toa. give Metonymic dysphemistic extension of SS gea
throw away. marijuana Transfer from Jamaican Patois ganja marijuana.appl patia. woman.
Tumepewa magamba yetu jana. Niganjie. Poa. become hard. blant ganjia v. give. nipe hata
bangi tu. gt kijiti. toa.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA gamba n/ . Nikaona ananiletea
longolongo ndo nikaanza kumgawia dozi. kuna soo au noma. share plus transfer from SE
dose. . Ipo siku fulani polisi walinijia kutaka niwape bangi ili wanitie gerezani. gawa dozi v.
kupa share. Du babu lake.phr patia kipigo kikali. washikaji Vipi mbona hamnipi habari.
marafiki Ipo dei fulani mamwela walinijia kutaka niwagee ganja ili wanisobe rupango. . basi.
Simba mwaka huu kazi yao ni kushinda tu. Rafiki nipe dawa yangu ya kulevya. gawia kitu. .
patia. expression quotshare a dosequot. ngozi Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Yule ni gashi wangu.
We rafiki. ndumu. pass. tega masikio nikueleze siri gashi n/ msichana mzuri girl. Walilevywa
sana na madawa ya kulevya. Walilevywa sana na gamu.
Yule amevaa miwani. geto n chumba wanapolala vijana. sarafu ya shilingi tano ya zamani .
basi. Hapa siyo sehemu yangu ya kazi. treni passenger train Dysphemistic extension of SS
gogo log. simu kubwa ya mkononi . Rafiki. macho manne goli n sehemu ya kazi workplace
Metaphorical extension of SS goli goal. unipe pesa kidogo. leo nna njaa sana. hapo geto
kunichekishia Njooni. nimekalukwa. leave. gofu n/ gari ndogo ya polisi VW Golf small police
car VW Golf Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of the car model quotGolfquot. Godi
akujalie safari poa. gwala godi n mungu god Transfer from SE God. Gemu ya jana imekuwa
sare. gemu n mchezo game. trunk of tree. naomba sigara nivute kidogo. In Kenyan Sheng as
quotkobolequot with the . Mie naenda maskani. chumba cha masela. Also attested in Sheng
Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Enzi zetu tulikuwa tunapanda garimoshi bure. Du washikaji. nigei basi
hata ganja tu. glasi n/ miwani glasses Synecdochical extension of SE glass. Jamaa. Also
attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Gemu ya jana ni patulo. quot Mbaabu amp Nzuga .
big mobile phone . Yule kapigilia glasi. kuniangalia hapo chumbani Mie naenda geto.
nafanya kazi kwa muda tu. Polisi na gari yao walitembelea mitaa yetu. gofu n msichana
asiye bikira girl who is not a virgin any more Metaphorical extension based on the name of
the car model Volkswagen quotGolfquot which has low prestige. twende ukanipe ugali Kama
dongo hola. Enzi zetu tulikuwa tunapanda gogo bure. Mshirika. something big and outdated .
Still very popular. nigei fegi nipige pafu moja. based on its big size. ni deiwaka tu.
nimeishiwa. meaning of quotcoin of KSh. or onomastic synecdoche of the name of the
Central Tanzanian ethnic group Not widely known. Hapa ndipo golini kwangu. Also attested
in Sheng in the form nigei give me Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Godi anatucheki. maskani youths
shared sleeping room. Nimekwenda vijijini nikashangaa kukuta gobole bado linatumika.
Since end s Remes . match Transfer from SE game. hamwoni aibu kuzunguka chumbani
Mjage. Oya bloo. Polisi na gofu yao walitembelea mitaa yetu. gt chesa gogo n garimoshi. gt
dala. which in Standard Swahili denotes also goal Ohly a . hamwoni noma kuvinjari getoni La
jamani. Rare. twenzetu kanigee dongo Rafiki. leo nna ubao kinoma. Nimekwenda vijijini
nikashangaa kukuta sarafu ya shilingi tano bado inatumika. nipe hata bangi tu. gt tivi. Seems
to be restricted to the northern parts of Tanzania. The same meaning is in older Swahili slang
attested for bao. . basi. quarter Dysphemistic extension of SE ghetto. Hili siyo goli langu. in
Tanzania it is the secondbiggest coin. room. coin of TSh Metonymic transfer of gobori old
muzzleloading gun. but both are polygonal. . Mungu anatuangalia. The Kenyan Shillingscoin
is much bigger than the other coins. kitu kikubwa na cha zamani . Kama ugali umeisha.
Mshikaji. nigei uchache kiaina.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING gea throw
away. gobole n . Mungu akujalie safari nzuri. Used in contrast to chesa virgin.
Amegonga pombe. nyeto. Amekunywa pombe. nisusie goto langu. Ameniletea gozigozi.
noma. gobole gonga pombe v. mchuzi. . gozigozi n . SS gonga hit. excrements. Not
common. . sorcerer Metonymic extension of SS gwiji expert Huyu ni gwiji wa hapa. Nisalimie
golikipa. kaza. Nipe shilingi tano zangu za jana. Shangingi gubeli limefika. alasiri goto n
fedha money Derived from SS gota knock. . mchawi expert. knock at plus SS ngozi skin.phr
ongea pointi. poteza muda. Golikipa ni mgonjwa. lies Hyperbolic metonymic extension based
on an augmentative derivation of SS ngozi skin. as informants rejected this notion. gt mama
huruma gonga ngozi v. pata kitu kizuri talk sense. gubeli. ngozi. disrupt habit . shoe made of
. . Yule dada du Nishamgonga ngozi Yule dada du Nimeshalala naye kimapenzi. Usinizibie
riziki. Hapo ameongea pointi. gt kiwingu. gt kula ngozi. Unajidai hutaki kuwa golikipa. hide.
Amegonga mvinyo. Prof. Yule amefungashia haja kubwa. mkwanja. lakuchumpa. mama wa
nyumbani. mpira wa soka . . . gt chapaa. hais n/ sarafu ya shilingi coin of TSh. Unajidai
hutaki kuwa mtu ambaye anapokea tu. longolongo . zubaa . make love with a girl
Metaphorical expression quothit the skinquot. Usiniwekee gozigozi. piga bao gwala n .
Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of the bus model Toyota quotHiacequot for
which a fare of shillings used to be charged until recently. nipe pesa zangu. Amenizibia riziki
yangu. . gubeligubeli n/ malaya prostitute lt guberi harlot attested in older Swahili slang Ohly
a . . get something nice Semantic extension of SS gonga knock and ikulu state house
quotknock at the state housequot. lt Nipe gwala langu la jana. gt jiti. dula. housewife
Metaphorical extension of SE goalkeeper. tumba golikipa n/ . mama wa nyumbani . coin of
TSh. .phr fanya mapenzi na msichana sleep with a girl. gt bandapanda.phr matako makubwa
big behind Dysphemistic metonymic extension of SS haja kubwa stool. kiatu cha ngozi halisi
. buti. hide. Acha gozigozi. Oya. mshiko. mama wa nyumbani. lose time lt There seems to be
no direct association with SS ngozi skin. hali ya kumzibia riziki mtu . ni mgonjwa. strike In
Sheng attested for the meaning ten cent coin Mbaabu amp Nzuga . . sarafu ya shilingi . mtu
ambaye anapokea tu. ngawila haja kubwa n. someone who is only receiving . mtu ambaye
anasubiri vitu vya kuletewa . Jay Amekunywa pombe. gozi n/ . bania gonga ikulu v. gwiji n/
mtu maarufu. Acha kuzubaa. Malaya mnene mwenye umbo tata amefika. Hapo amegonga
ikulu. Mke wangu.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Hapa ndipo sehemu yangu ya
kazi.phr kunywa pombe drink alcohol Sematnic extension of SS gonga hit plus pombe
alcohol. Huyu ni mchawi wa hapa. mapene. gt dala. trouble. pini. Oya. football . . . leather .
tap. Nisalimie mke wako.
. Mwenzetu katoroka na pesa. weka tuta We dereva. chipukia. Leo Degera kaingia mitini.
get . where two players try to hit a third one with a ball. tuliza haraka. mkundu. Ameenda
machimbo kaibuka.phr jificha. kuja. pata . haluu inj alama ya mshangao expression of
surprise Derived from SE hallo Haluu Umependeza. . ameshaingia laini. Samahani. homligi n
mambo ya binafsi private matters Semantic extension of SE home league. Hoya. ile mbaya
n. ingia mitini v. Tulikwenda kwenye pati. Hoya mshikaji. shuzi. Yule mtu baada ya kufilisika
kaibuka tena. tuliza mapepe. nipe hata bangi tu. wowowo . tukajichana ile mbaya. oya excl
we hey lt Used as a call for attention. tukala kupita kiasi. gt kwa kwenda mbele hola n
hamna. . . Nimekwenda nikakuta hola. Demu namchombeza lakini haingii laini. kesho
mambo safi. quotHolaquot means quotyou didnt hit me. usiniingilie katika mambo yangu ya
binafsi. inglish figa n. Samahani. simamisha ingia laini v. . expression quotenter the linequot.
Wasichana wazuri wamekuja. fanikiwa . Aisee Umependeza.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp
ROLAND KIELING Yule ana matako makubwa. Mademu bomba wameibuka. Mwenzetu
kaingia mitini. ibuka v . Umefanikiwa katika maisha. taarabu. Leo Degera kajificha. kupita
kiasi. disappear. tuko external kidogo. Msichana namtongoza lakini hakubali. We rafiki
yangu. expression quotenter external servicequot. Onomastic synecdoche of the name of the
English language radio programme quotExternal Servicequot aired by Radio Tanzania.
appear of a problem. . mno very much. . Yule mtu baada ya kufilisika karudia tena hali nzuri.
Nilikwenda kuongea naye biashara fulani. John ananipenda ile mbaya.phr sana.
ameshakubali. potelea mbali. Nilikwenda kuongea naye biashara fulani. tokea . usiniingilie
homligi yangu. Sasa wameanza kusema Kiingereza. . ingia external v. . John ananipenda
kupita kiasi. tukunyema. njoo nikueleze siri kuhusu kitu fulani hapa pembeni. tunasema lugha
nyingine kidogo. Majambazi wameshachipukia huku. nigee basi hata ganja tu. gt bambataa.
Umeibukia maisha. njoo nikupe dili kiaina hapa chobi. used by children in a game called
quotredequot. emerge. kesho mambo poa. kabisa. exceedingly. Hoya. kibinda. Tulikwenda
kwenye pati. tunaingia external kidogo. run away Semanticopragmatic extension of SS ingia
mitini enter the wood. Hoya mshikaji. Kama dongo hola. hali ya kutofanikiwa there isnt
Metonymic extension of the expression quotholaquot.phr msichana mwembamba. . too much
Dysphemistic semantic extension of SS baya bad. Samahani. tunabadili lugha kidogo.
Nimekwenda nikakuta hamna. hoya. Ameenda machimbo kafanikiwa. hali ya kukosa.
resurface. Samahani. usiwe na wasiwasi Hoya pailoti. usiwe na mzuka Rafiki. ndmbolo.
Kama ugali hamna.phr badili lugha Kiingereza au Kilugha ili watu wasiohusika wasielewe
swith to other language English oder ethnic language in order that bystanders cannot
understand. Sasa wameingia external.phr kubali agree Metaphorical extension of SS ingia
enter plus transfer from SE line. Majambazi wameshaibuka huku. appear . succeed
Semantic generalisation of SS ibuka pop up. kimbia hide oneself. come.
umbo dogo wa mtu slim lady. janta n/ mhuni. Inspekta sema basi unataka nini Hey.
mapaparazi watatuchukua foto. dysphemistic expression for quotbuttocksquot. Washirika.
mavi. mkorofi nosy and inquisitive person Metonymic extension of SE inspector. Yule mama
amejazia kifua. anza. who goes with men in order to get a living Metaphorical extension of
SS jambazi rogue. mtu ambaye hana mke. mdadisi. Duh Yule sholi ana inglish figa. Njoo
tuongee faragha kidogo. Unataka kujua mambo yasiyokuhusu. gt fungasha. what do you
want Unajifanya inspekta hapa. Yule ni msichana mwembamba. affairs. Mji huu una
wanawake wengi sana wasiye na mapenzi ya dhati. Aisee Jack ni inglish figa Aisee Jack ni
mwembamba. mbeya.phr mtu anayeomba vibaya someone who is sponging. Kapten John
Degera kaondoka na treni nchi za mbali. Njoo tuongee ishu kidogo.phr kuwa na matako
makubwa have large buttocks Semantic extension of SS jaza fill. kiptabo That scrounger
doesnt fit.phr kuwa na matako makubwa have a big behind Derivation of SS jaza fill plus haja
kubwa excretion. Yule amejazia haja kubwa. Jamani. tuondoke. jisanzua jazia haja kubwa v.
mchongo jazia sehemu za nyuma v. shuga memmi inspekta n mchunguzi. Yule ni inglish
figa. timka. Yule ni rafiki yangu. used for the days of the week beginning with quotJumaquot
Jumamosi J. Yule jamaa wa virungu hafai. toa kiwingu. gt mjita. mpelelezi. gt piga kirungu.
anayefanya mapenzi kwa ajili ya kujikimu woman who has no true love. chomoa. come to an
end. Transfer of SE issue. tuishie. jikata. In older Swahili slang attested with the meaning
food Ohly . . gt jazia sehemu za nyuma. Yule mama ana matako makubwa.phr kuwa na
maziwa makubwa have big breasts Semantic extension of SS jaza fill. piga mzinga jambazi n
mwanamke asiye na mapenzi ya dhati. kipa. Kapten John Degera kaishia na nzogolo
ughaibuni. Vipi janta wangu Vipi rafiki yangu Yule ni janta wangu. unaondoka kwenda ulaya
Ishia mbali huko Toka hapa gt timua. jazia haja kubwa jamaa wa virungu n. msela ishia v.
beautiful lady Transfer from SE English figure. Du brother. run away Metonymic extension of
derivation of SS isha finish. shuzi jazia kifua v. scrounging Semantic extension of SS jamaa
guy plus virungu clubs. gt dili. mtu mwenye tabia ya kujitia. yeya. gt fungasha ishu n/ mambo
ya faraghani secret or private matters. Probably transfer from SE giant or Sheng janta secret
project Mbaabu amp Nzuga . gt figa. kimbitel. Yule mama amejazia sehemu za
nyuma.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA msichana mzuri. Yule ana matako makubwa. gt
shankupe. expression quotguy with clubsquot.appl ondoka make off. Duh Yule msichana ni
mwembamba. bachelor only exceptionally used for women. waandishi wa habari watatupiga
picha. inspector. jeitano n Jumatano Wednesday English pronunciation of abbreviation J for
SS juma. Mji huu una wanawake majambazi wengi sana. hata mwanamke mhuni wild youth.
unaishia majuu la We rafiki. Yule mama ana maziwa makubwa.
kimbia .. Makonde.phr kula vizuri sana. . toa kiwingu. k. Mwera. gt anza. tangu kipindi kile .
Baada ya kutoafikiana niliamua kujiachia kuepusha ugomvi. timua. gt sunda jichanganya v.
ndio jii Mbona hatuonani bwana.v. kufaidi kwa chakula na vitu vingine eat very good food. A
note of this value was first issued in . bwana. jibu v kuwa zuri. Bwana nataka unipe kadi ya
simu ya shilingi mia tano. bolt Ohly a . run away. . Amekimbia. ndio kimya jichenga v. go
away. Ameingia nyumbani. Metaphor used by daladala personnel to denote passengers who
pay a reduced fare. Jumanne J.. jichimbia v. Jumatano J plus Swahili number.. piga bunda.
Tumebeba abiria wengi wanaolipa sehemu ya nauli tu. . Tumeenda hotelini tumejichana
chipsi na soda. Jiachie bwana. Jeitano nilichelewa shuleni. maiti jichana v. Attested in older
Swahili slang as changanya go away. jisanzua. Ah. tambaa. kula bunda. tangu kipindi kile .
leave a place . jiachia v. illegally. yeya jero n noti ya shilingi note of TSh. The image
comprises quotwounded peoplequot who pay a reduced fare. nilifanya kosa. Jumatano
nilichelewa shuleni. e. potea .g. Perhaps since long in use by Swahili speakers in spoken
language Mbona hatuonani bwana. yakiwa mazuri itakuwa safi. Amejiachia. Nimehama na
kupotea mjini. make a mistake .phr .UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Jumapili
J. e. . na bila kutaka kurudi disappear. Baada ya kutoafikiana niliamua kuondoka kuepusha
ugomvi. jii Id kimya silence Transfer of ideophone in some Bantu languages. nilijichanganya.
enjoy food and other things like drinks Hyperbolic extension of reflexive form of SS chana
slit. Semantic extension of a truncated version of the name of the car model Mitsubishi
quotPajeroquot.phr ingia enter Metonymic extension of reflexive form of SS chenga evade
Amejichenga kitaani. Kuna mambo nasubiria. . Tumeenda hotelini tumekula chipsi na soda.
emigrate to another country without planning to come back Metaphorical extension of
reflexive form of applicative derivation of SS chimba .g. move away. representing silence.
ishia. yakijibu itakuwa freshi. bwana. Metaphorical extension of SS jibu answer. students and
quotcorpsesquot LyM maiti. gt jibu. timka. . Yao. rest Metaphorical extension of reflexive form
of applicative derivation of SS acha leave. Ah.k. Nimejichanganya mjini. wanafunzi
passenger who does not pay full Derived from verb jeruhi wound.phr hamia sehemu kwa
kutumia njia za panya zisizo halali. . leave the town or. motivated by the simultaneous
appearance and prestige of both items. Kuna mambo nasubiria. lala mbele.. e. gt kiroba.
Jumatatu J. change address Semantic extension of reflexive form of SS changanya mix.
make a pause. . . hama. ondoka eneo la tukio. bwana. fanya kosa . Bwana nataka unipe
vocha ya jero. jipa. Toka hapa. Nikimaliza mtihani nitajiachia.phr . soldiers Tumebeba
majeruhi wengi. pumzika . jikata. Nikimaliza mtihani nitapumzika.g. move. kaa freshi jeruhi n/
abiria alipaye sehemu ya nauli tu. kipa. . who pay nothing. tokuwa na matatizo be o. chomoa.
. . meaning quotwounded personquot.
Anajidunga kunywa pombe. gt ganja. naenda kukaa kijiweni. jicho la tatu n. yesa. timka.
keroro. Du bloo. Yupo jicho nyanya. tulia. mnakufa bure . expression quotthird eyequot. Du.
sugar mammy Augmentative derivation of SS mama. Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp
Nzuga . kunywa au kula kitu fulani . . kutumia madawa ya kulevya kwa kujichoma sindano ni
vibaya. Anafurahia kunywa pombe. bonge la mama. expression quotcrocodiles eyequot.
jisanzua. Machizi wamejikoki freshi Marafiki wamejiandaa vizuri hasa kwa kuvaa nguo
nzuri.phr jisifia. enjoy something Double metonymic extension of reflexive form of SS dunga
pierce. wewe ni mchovu tu. pengine anahusishwa na tabia ya kufanya mapenzi na watoto
wadogo big lady. Mambo yale lazima uyaangilie kwa hekima na busara. gt zama jicho la
mamba n saa yenye rangi ya shaba watch of copper colour Metaphorical extension of
paraphrase of SS jicho eye plus SS mamba crocodile. kaka. referring to the separation from
a group by going away. timua. mimi naondoka bwana. furahia. mimi najikata bwana. Bora
nizame huko Dar es Salaam. Oya. gt jipeki jidunga v. jikweza v. use drugs by injection . Acha
kujipa sifa wewe huna kitu.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA dig. bwana gt anza. . Oya.
majani. leo umevaa saa kubwa rangi ya mamba shaba. Ah.phr ondoka go away. motivated
by the redness of ones eyes when drunk. bunduki. . nyasi jikata v. starehe. kijiti. . gt bana
jigamba v. jiweka sawa prepare. Juma anajisifia sana na vito vyake vya thamani.phr kaa.
mwanamke mnene na anayependeza. gt bwi. bore. gt jipaisha jimama. naenda kujiegesha
kijiweni. tumia madawa ya kulevya kwa kujichoma sindano . Washikaji kujidunga ni noma
mnapoteza bure . mtazamo wa hekima au busara . toa kiwingu. Jikate. Bora nijichimbie huko
Bongo. Ah. jiona bora kuliko wengine boast lt Juma anajigamba sana na vito vyake vya
thamani. make off Metonymic extension of reflexive form of SS kata cut. Indian hemp. Juma
anapumzika kule.phr . chomoa. vaa vizuri. wise consideraton . Juma anajiegesha kule.phr
jiandaa. dress os well Probably metaphorical extension of reflexive form of SS koki cock a
gun. lijimama n/ mwanamke mwenye mwili mkubwa na mrefu. marijuana Metaphorical
extension of SS jicho eye and SS a tatu third. kipa. leo umewamba bonge la jicho la mamba.
gt kidonda egesha park. pumzika sit.phr . Known from taarab lyrics. ishia.phr hali ya kulewa
sana drunkenness Metonymic extension of SS jicho eye and nyanya tomato. rest
Generalisation of reflexive form of SS . tungi jikoki v.phr jipa sifa nyingi pasi na uwezo boast
without reason Metaphorical extension of reflexive form of causative derivation of SS kwea
climb Acha kujikweza. bwana Toka hapa. jiegesha v. ndumu. bomba. bangi . Amelewa sana.
yeya jicho nyanya n. Marafiki. Mambo yale lazima uyaangalie kwa jicho la tatu.
kesho tutaenda kwenye muziki. Mshikaji ana jiwe baya. Masela wamebonda jiwe lao. kipa.
tiki jishebedua v. girl . jishebedua jipeki v. be silly In older Swahili slang shaua show off.
Kama mambo ni mazuri. jisikia. Rafiki. furahia. yeya jinsi n suruali ya jeans jeans Transfer
from SE jeans. Anajirusha kwenye ukumbi wa sherehe.phr jipa sifa nyingi pasi na uwezo
boast without reason Metaphorical extension of reflexive form of causative derivation
quotpaishaquot LyM of SS paa fly Acha kujipaisha. gt jishaua. jidai. Baada ya maongezi
marefu nikajisanzua. Acha kujipa sifa wewe huna kitu.phr jidai. jiweka sawa prepare. jikata.
Mambo yakiwa mazuri. jisanzua v. vaa vizuri. pini. party Hyperbolic extension of reflexive
form of SS rusha make fly. chomoa. jishongondoa jipaisha v. twende zetu. Jiwe langu
umeliona .k. ipo siku tutavaa suruali za jinsi. Rafiki ana pesa nyingi. nyeto. timka. bwana
Toka hapa. Acha uzushi. money . throw. Marafiki wamemaliza shahada yao ya kwanza. gt
hais.phr jiandaa. jipitishapitisha mbele za watu flatter. display Ohly a . nipe mia yangu. make
off Metonymic extension of reflexive form of SS sanzua take sth away without permission of
the owner. boast Dysphemistic extension of reflexive form of SS shaua make a useless
show. . gt jikweza jishongondoa v.phr ondoka go away. Mshirika.phr jipitisha katika nafasi
ambayo mtu hana uwezo nayo. Machizi wamejipeki freshi Marafiki wamejiandaa vizuri hasa
kwa kuvaa nguo nzuri. Msichana wangu umemwona . ingratiate os lt Acha kujishebedua
mbele za wanaume. gt tinginya. jidai. Acha kujipitishapitisha mbele za watu. first degree
Metaphorical extension of SS jiwe stone. msichana . Baada ya maongezi marefu
nikaondoka. kwenda dansi. toa kiwingu. . gt jishaua.phr furahi. Juma anapenda kujidai.
ingratiate os lt Acha kujishongondoa. ipo dei tutawamba masuru ya jeans. Rafiki yule
mwanamke mnene labda ameathirika na ukimwi. jishongondoa jipa v. . gt mpayuko jishaua
v. tokuwa na matatizo be o. tutakwenda kwenye muziki. Metaphorical extension of reflexive
form of SS kupa give. jisifiasifia hata bila kuulizwa. make rush. nyambizi Jisanzue. Juma
anapenda kujishaua.phr pendeza. jipitishapitisha mbele za watu flatter. jiona bora kuliko
wengine pasi na uwezo wa mambo claim falsely to be well off. jiti n sarafu ya shilingi coin of
TSh Hyperbolic extension of SS jiti big tree. jiwe n . pesa . gt jibu. Mambo yakijipa. kaa
freshi. kunywa pombe. Kama mambo yanajipa. . alasiri jirusha v. Also attested in older
Swahili slang as girl who yields to nobody in strong language Ohly a . wewe ni mchovu tu.
shahada ya kwanza . gt jishebedua. fanya mapenzi enjoy in different contexts. Acha utani
mbele ya jiti langu. Anafurahia mambo kwenye ukumbi wa sherehe.phr jipendekeza sana.
jipelekapeleka mbele ya watu. . timua.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Babu
jimama lile limeathirika. dress os well Transfer from SE pack. motivation unclear. ishia. Acha
kujipitishapitisha mbele za wanaume. bwana gt anza. tuyese zetu.
Rechenbach .phr kijiweni place where jobless youths meet Transfer from SE jobless and
corner. powerless person . Niko juu ya mawe karibu mwezi sasa. o. a person who conceals
his true motives / acts on false pretenses who claims to need something which he really does
not need. mtu mjanja mtafutaji . Ohly a finally gives insecticide as a older Swahili slang
meaning. Kuwa bila kazi kwa maisha ya sasa hivi ni shida. lesson. Baada ya mtoto kupotea
jumba bovu liliniangukia. Hassani ni kabwela usisadiki yote asemayo. jipa. Kama mambo
yatakuwa mazuri. kabwela n . etc. deceiver. confirmed by older Swahili slang kina kabwela
people of low income group Ohly a .Juu ya mstari Mambo vipi . Baada ya mtoto kupotea
nilipata matatizo makubwa sana. gt shobo kaa freshi v. Kabwela kama mimi nitaweza wapi.
Hassani ni mjanja usisadiki yote asemayo. However. nzuri fine. Ni vema. expression
quotcorner of the joblessquot. mtu asiye na mke . Washikaji kuweni makini jumba bovu
kachala n rafiki friend lt Attested in older Swahili slang with the meanings old and worn and
ugly girl Ohly a . fraud. Used as reply in greetings. mnaweza kusingiziwa makosa ambayo
hamjafanya. fraud. Morino amp Nakazima have quotmtu wa kawaida asiye na pato
kubwaquot which seems to fit best here. juu ya mstari n. rafiki.. arbitrary and unfair use of
force There are partly contradictory glosses for this item. how could I afford juu ya mawe n.
tokuwa na matatizo be o. gt jibu.phr safi. deceiver. tutakwenda kwenye muziki. Mambo vipi .
unipe shilingi mia. hata kwa kukesha someone who studies intensely. kachaso n/ pombe kali
sana haramu.phr kuwa bila kazi be without job Metaphorical expression on the stones. mtu
asiye na kitu. Leo nitakuwepo kijiweni pale. Marafiki kuweni makini.k. Yule si ni Joni Kisomo
Hana muda wa kustarehe. Niko bila kazi karibu mwezi sasa. hypocrite. gt kijiweni linaweza
kuwaangukia.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA gt chuma. even during the night
Onomastic synecdoche based on a nickname composed of transfer from SE John plus
diminutive of SS somo subject. Metonymic extension of SS kaa sit plus transfer from SE
fresh. Kama mambo yanakaa freshi.k. bwana A poor guy like me. sly and deceitful person .
hypocrite. expression quotbig dilapidated housequot.phr kuwa zuri. kifaa joblesi kona.
arbitrary use of force / power. umekuja. joblesi n. tiki Joni Kisomo n. Leo nitakuwepo joblesi
kona pale. man without wife Semantic extension of SS kabwela poor person. . mtu mwenye
hali ya chini. Metonymic extension of expression used for headlines in newspapers.phr
matatizo kwa ajili ya kitu ambacho mtu mwenyewe hajafanya trouble on cause of being
accused for sth one has not done Metaphorical extension of augemtative SS jumba big
house plus bovu dilapidated. mentions two deviant meanings unfair.phr mtu ambaye
anasoma sana. tutakwenda muziki. Yule si anasoma sana Hana muda wa kustarehe. asiye
na uwezo . Kukaa juu ya mawe kwa maisha ya sasa hivi ni shida.Safi jumba bovu n. poor
person. based on the image of a car which is broken down and jacked up on stones. Bora
kachala wangu umekuja unitoe na jiti. meaning quotmain pointquot.
Metonymic extension of SS Kenya. Used as reply in greetings. pata faida . Acha kamba
wewe. get money. . Intervocalic l suggests influence from another Bantu language.caus .
ishiwa pesa . enjoy Metaphorical extension of SS kamua squeeze out. study Hyperbolic
metaphorical extension of SS kandamiza press heavy on sth. run out of money lt Derivation
from colloquial Swahili kauka be broke. read. kula . Acha uongo wewe.Kama Kenya Mambo
vipi . tunakwenda kula chakula mgahawani. Wapi bwana . kama Kenya n. Yule ni chizi. pata
pesa. tunakwenda zetu mgahawani kukandamiza. soma . He/She has been infected with
HIV. Peter ni msenge. kalikiti n dawa ya kutilia nywele mawimbi curl kit Transfer from SE curl
kit. Naenda kusoma kitabu. Kondakta Ah. Wapi bwana . Twende kula chakula. Leo
tumekamua.Safi kamba n uongo lie Ellipsis of LyM expression quotfunga makambaquot tell
lies. gt anti. Naenda kukandamiza buku. Yule amekalukwa. Hoya. kuwa na shida ya akili . .
choko. furahia . Hoya. . standards there. kanyaga miwaya v. . kalukwa v . gt kishenzi.phr
pata ukimwi get infected with HIV Metaphorical extension of SS kanyaga step on and
augmentative plus plural from SS waya wire expression quottread on wiresquot. fanya
mapenzi mwanamume kwa mwanamke . piga fiksi kaka poa n.phr safi. make sb bankrupt .
kinoma kama kawa n. nimeishiwa pesa. . relaxed. Usilale babu Kamua tu. bwabwa.Naenda
kukandamiza demu. Peter ni kaka poa. Nitakuona kesho kama kawa. Nitakuona kesho kama
kawaida. mshumaa kamua v . Twende kukandamiza msosi. Amekanyaga miwaya. .
expression cool brother. Leo tumepata faida. . nigee fegi nipige pafu moja. make love man to
woman . Mshikaji.k.Naenda kufanya mapenzi na demu. . . Jamaa. fanya mambo kwa bidii ili
kupata faida . gt pigika.phr safi kabisa. mabaga kandamiza v. vizuri sana very well
Dysphemistic hyperbolic extension of SS hana akili nzuri he / she has no brains. based on
the comparatively high living . suppress. lazima utakuwa ulichanganya na kachaso Ulilewa
sana jana. shoga homosexual man Euphemistic extension of SS kaka brother and poa cool.
nzuri fine. . nimekalukwa. eat . leo nimekandamiza sana. Kondakta Ah. chakula. . naomba
sigara nivute kidogo. Asha ameweka kalikiti nywele zake. . Asha ameweka dawa ya
mawimbi nywele zake. work hard to get profit . rosti. Usizubae.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp
ROLAND KIELING gongo illicit hard liquor lt Ulikuwa chicha sana jana. leo nimepata sana
faida. pata faida . . lazima utakuwa ulichanganya na gongo. Mambo vipi . o.phr kama
kawaida as always Terminal clipping of SS kawaida in quotkama kawaidaquot. rafiki Fanya
bidii ili upate faida. Ameimba vizuri sana. get profit .phr msenge. uawa. get profit . kama
hana akili nzuri v. gt funga makamba. Ameimba kama hana akili nzuri.
kataa v acha mtu.Karume. Kashikashi kubwa iliwapata majirani. gt kata kundu. Nilipomwona
amelewa chakari nilimkataa. karai n division quotCquot katika matokeo ya mitihani division
quotCquot in school results Metonymic extension of SS karai metal basin based on form the
silhouette of a basin in upright position resembles the shape of a quotCquot. hasara tu.
Kama wewe huamini kalaga baho. Fujo kubwa iliwapata majirani.Shilingi mia mbili. mwela
changu. Jamaa ameleta vurugu. Not common. Jamaa ameleta kasheshe. Bei gani .
expression quotcut the ropequot.phr kufa die Semantic extension of SS kata cut plus SS
kamba rope. kana mtu leave sb Metonymic extension of SS kataa refuse. mayhem
Euphemistic extension of SS sheshe beautiful by use of pejorative prefix ka.LUGHA YA
MITAANI IN TANZANIA kapelo n/ polisi police lt Kapelo zitatia timu. Yule amevaa suruali ya
mlegezo. Acha. gt njago. kalaghabao. soo kata kilauri v. sheshe. nikakate gogo sasa. reject.
pilikapilika kubwa great chaos lt Probably derived from LyM kasheshe mayhem or from SS
kashfa scandal. Keni anapenda kuvaa kata kei. Asha amekufa. tukio baya. umwache.
Nilimletea kashikashi mpaka akanilipa kata kundu v. gt zhali. low cut trousers Dysphemistic
metonymic extension of SS kata cut plus augmentative kundu of SS mkundu anus.class In
KKS . nikaende haja kubwa. v. vuta kamba karume n/ sarafu ya shilingi coin of TSh. toa choo
kavu defecate. usimfanyie vurugu. low cut trousers Euphemistic abbreviation of LyM
quotkata kunduquot cut the big anus Yule amevaa kata kei. Si vizuri. patashika furore. the
name of the first president of Zanzibar whose portrait is on the coin. kata kamba v. shit
Hyperbolic extension of SS kata cut plus SS gogo log. expression quotcut a logquot.phr
suruali inayokaa kiunoni loosely fitting trousers.phr suruali inayokaa kiunoni loosely fitting
trousers.phr kwenda haja kubwa. Sijapata lo lote. New in . Polisi watakuja kwa kundi. kata
gogo v. kalaga baho n hasara loss lt Sijapata lo lote. Kama wewe huamini. usimfanyie
kasheshe. hasara yako. Leo tumekunywa pombe. also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a
. gt mlegezo. Bei gani . Pale kuna kasheshe gani Pale kuna vurugu gani Noma bwana.phr
kunywa pombe drink beer Metonymic extension of SS kata cut plus derivation of SS bilauri
drinkingglass. Onomastic synecdoche based on Karume. matatizo. tumbler. bwana. Leo
tumekata kilauri. Nilimletea fujo kubwa sana mpaka akanilipa changu. libel. Acha. noma.
Nilipomwona amelewa sana nilimwacha. gt ulabu kashikashi n fujo kubwa. Asha amekata
kamba. umwache. karaghabao. vurumai. kata kei . similar phraseme attested in older Swahili
slang kata matindi drink liquor Ohly a . gt mbala kata kei / kata k. expression quotcut the big
anusquot. gt poteza. mlegezo kasheshe n vurugu. karaghabao.
Umenikatisha tamaa. Jana nimetoka kumkaza Janet.caus . Mambo vipi . Mama akikuuliza
kitu.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING kata shingo v. nice modern cloth of
quality and fashion . Mwanangu nimekaukiwa na mbumba. . expression cut the steam. Acha
kunikazia. usiseme. Kata shingo. Evaristo alikauka kama vile hamfahamu kabisa. Timu pinza
ilikaza sana. hamna mpango. Nataka kwenda Kariakoo kununua fulana isiyo na mikono ya
kuvaa jioni. gt blanti. Rafiki nimeishiwa na pesa. kaoshi n fulana bila mikono sleeveless
Tshirt Transfer from SE carwash. . nguo au viatu vizuri na vya kisasa. . ndumu. Acha
kunibania. Nilipomwuliza kuhusu jambo lile alinikaushia. kavu. kausha v puuza. make love.
kula jiwe. bwana. Baada ya baba kurudi watoto walikauka. hasa msichana. ovyo no deal.phr
. have sex Semantic extension of SS kaza tighten. stare at sth or sb who is moving. usiseme.
kausha tu. make an effort . frustrate Metaphorical extension of SS kata cut plus SE steam. .
keep quiet . bwana. Nilipomwuliza kuhusu jambo lile hakutaka kusema. . stop staring at sb
Hyperbolic extension of SS kata cut plus SS shingo neck. . Umenikata stimu. Baada ya baba
kurudi watoto walinyamaza. based on the habit of men to wear sleeveless Tshirts when
washing cars in order to avoid the clothes getting wet. ganja. fanya juhudi . bwana. website
Euphemistic extension of SE catalogue. shangaa . nyasi kauka v . Katalogi ya chuo ni babu
kubwa . baba anakuja. . Madent wa Kurio leo wanatinga makatalogi. . Tovuti ya chuo ni safi
kabisa kawoshi. chaotic Metaphorical extension of SS kavu dry. Mambo yangu ovyo. gt
uchuna. fanya mapenzi . tazama kitu au mtu. catalogue. be quiet Metaphorical extension of
SS kausha cause . tovuti . jicho la tatu. jifanya kutosikia. a woman by turning the neck . gt
singlendi kaya n bangi Indian hemp. bana . nyamaza. Jana nimetoka kufanya mapenzi na
Janet. Reply to greetings such as mambo vipi Mambo vipi .phr katisha tamaa disappoint.
bwana. Mambo yangu kavu kavu. . Kausha. bwana. baba anakuja. . majani. fasheni .
uchuna. . tomba. esp. Yule anavuta bangi. macho balubu to dry up Kausha. play the ignorant
fool. copulate. acha kutazama kitu/mtu fulani kwa kugeuza shingo . marijuana Transfer from
Jamaican Patois kaya marijuana. kaa kimya. Mama akikuuliza kitu. Ameangalia kwa
kugeuza shingo. Yule anavuta kaya. gt shingo feni. expression quotcut the neckquot.
kausha. Timu pinza ilicheza vizuri sana kwa kubana. kata stimu v. press . kwa kugeuza
shingo. kijiti. . Evaristi alikaa kimya kama vile hamfahamu kabisa. nyamaza . . . nyamaza tu.
Wanafunzi wa Kurio leo wamevaa matishati mazuri. . Nyamaza. mneli. gt . isha kwa hela .
Amekata shingo. .Ah. . . katalogi n/ . mikausho kavu n/adj hamna mpango. clothing
catalogues are in use to see what is in fashion. tulia be silly. vyenye thamani kubwa. . kula
kaza v. Nataka kwenda Kariakoo kununua kawoshi ya kuvaa jioni. Usiseme.Ah. run out of
money Stative derivation of LyM kausha be quiet. kauka. katalogi. Acha kutazama kwa
kugeuka.
the name of an alcoholic drink in Kenya. unipe pesa kiasi fulani. Ulifanya mapenzi na demu
wake. . . Nipe kiainaaina. fine record Ohly a . kerubi n kofi kubwa na la nguvu hard slap on
the face According to one informant transfer from Arab. Choo. . gt bana. Kuna gari ndogo
ambayo imepita.g. bafu. njoo nikupe dili kiaina hapa chobi. . expression. Joni Kisomo
kibinda. gt bambataa. but not attested in KKS with this meaning. . Attested in older Swahili
slang as beauty. . kwa siri. Jana tulipiga keroro ya kufa mtu. secretly Regular adverbial
derivation from SS aina kind. simu. wake with books. simu ndogo small car e. Landrover with
short chassis. Jana tulikunywa pombe kupita kiasi. Huyu msichana ana matako makubwa.
Demu huyu ana kibendi. TV na vitu vingine maridadi. kibiriti n gari ndogo. Juma anakesha
kwa kusoma. simu. . Tulilewa kupita kiasi kibendi n mimba pregnancy Metaphorical
extension of SS bendi ya shule schoolband The big drum is held in front of the belly. Oya
bloo. pombe . Jamani. wowowo kiaina adv . bafu. The dance style to that song requires
movements which emphasize the buttocks. but probably used in a deviant way to talk in a
veiled manner about a secret referent in the presence of others without giving away the
secret. Rafiki. kisiri . Amelewa sana. kibinda nkoi n tako kubwa fat buttock Metonymic
extension of refrain of a song from Kofi Olumide DR Congo kibinda kibinda kibinda . certain.
Nipe kisirisiri. Washikaji. piga bao. Attested in older Swahili slang as bendi ya wiki pregnant
woman Ohly a . gt bwena keroro n . Walipika chakula kedekede. chomokeni Mamwela kibao
wanakatiza maskani. Akanipiga picha nyingi. gt aina aina kibao adv/adj kwa wingi. taarabu.
Kanifotoa mapicha kibao.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA . Ulimkazia demu wake.
ndmbolo.he. gt bukua. Walipika chakula nyingi. . kimbieni Mapolisi wengi wanapita
nyumbani. . njoo nikueleze kitu fulani kwa siri hapa pembeni. ingi in abundance Metaphorical
extension of class derivation of bao board Very common since long. Walikuwa wanakazana.
. ya aina nyingi. . kwa wingi diverse. tukunyema. Kiberiti. small mobile phone Dysphemistic
metaphorical extension of SS kiberiti matchbox. Kuna kiberiti kimoja ambacho kimepita. .
kibinda nkoy. Huyu demu ana bonge la kibinda. Alimpiga kerubi. TV na vitu vingine
kedekede. . tia kedekede adj maridadi. piga nao. Tulikuwa keroro kinoma. chimba. Juma
anakesha na vitabu. Suzuki . many lt Choo. Yuko keroro. . based on Keroro from Gikuyu
kirooro. mkundu. Walikuwa wanafanya mapenzi. nigee uchache kiaina. We rafiki yangu. hali
ya kulewa sana drunkenness Onomastic synecdoche. gt kipanya kesha na vitabu v soma
sana study intensively Hyperbolic extension of SS kesha stay awake all night and vitabu
books. . special . . kwa aina fulani . shuzi. Msichana huyu ana mimba. Alimpiga kofi kubwa.
Oya mshikaji.
car model quotSuzuki Vitaraquot. It is very cunning and manages to get into the chicken
coop. Kidanka . unanifanya mimi kideo Unataka nije hapa kila siku kutafuta pesa zangu.
Juma anaumwa sana. Used to denote things mainly used by women. simu ya mkononi
ndogo aina ya quotPanasonicquot . mkusanyiko wa wanawake wengi . TV set Morphological
appropriation of SE video. mambo chelea pina. gt desa kichizi adv sana. and metonymic
extension. danka disc hali yako how is it lt Used as a greeting. . . sherehe katika arusi
wanaposhiriki wanawake tu . small mobile phone quotPanasonicquot Semantic extension of
SE kitchen party. msichana ambaye anajirahisisha . Yule mtu ni kibarua tu. hasa kati ya
wanaume address my friend. mpambe. At the kitchen party only women have access. mno
very much. rafiki yangu.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING kibongo n lugha ya
mitaani ya kisasa. Anna anaendesha Suzuki RAV siku hizi. mwanamume ambaye anafuata
sana wanawake . womaniser . Yule bwana anafuata sana wanawake. lugha ya vijana recent
forms of colloquial and youth language Derived from quotBongoquot. sasa ameanza kusema
kibongo.Safi. gt Bongo kicheni pati n. Yule mtu kavaa nguo kama kideo. hooligan Ohly a .
Unataka nije hapa kila siku kutafuta pesa zangu. . esp. kichaa wangu n/ address rafiki yangu.
macheche attested in older Swahili slang for restless person.chee. or Mitsubishi RVR which
are often driven by women . kideo n/ sinema. exceedingly Derivation from SS chizi stupid
person. runinga cinema. from man to man Dysphemistic extension of SS kichaa lunacy. sasa
ameingia kibongo. or events where a lot of women are present. Yule mlevi anacheza kideo.
Yule ni kidampa tu. Ah. gt mdosi. gt . video. Yule mtu anacheza kama katika video. au
Suzuki RAV magari ambayo mara nyingi huendeshwa na wanawake .phr . . mwana. sb
doing badly paid jobs Derivation from SS dampo dumping ground. Anna anaendesha kicheni
pati siku hizi. which is perceived as centre of linguistic creation. Wanafunzi walifaulu kwa
kuchungulia majibu kwenye karatasi. mshirika. Mambo vipi . mtu mwenye pesa nyingi boss.
mazee. pedeshee kibuti n/ karatasi au kitabu cha kutumia katika mtihani kwa kuangalizia
majibu bila ruhusa notes and books used for cheating in exams lt Popular in schools and
colleges. Subiri. Wanafunzi walifaulu kwa vibuti. Ah. a ceremony within the wedding
celebrations where only women are admitted . msela. gt mshikaji. Kibosile wetu amerudi.
mambo mazuri sana. girl or woman who consents easily to a sexual proposal Dysphemistic
metaphorical transfer of name of a small carnivorous mammal which devours chicken.
unanifanya mimi kitu cha . kichaa wangu. Bosi wetu amerudi. which forms part of the
wedding ceremonies. expression my crazy one. the nickname of Dar es Salaam. Yule mtu
kavaa nguo ovyo ovyo. crazy person Juma anaumwa kichizi. Tuliza boli. The reply is chee.
kicheche n . mchizi kidampa n kibarua. rich person Probably derived from SE boss. video.
kidanka. gari aina ya Suzuki Vitara. Cf. Yule bwana ni kicheche hatari. mnene. a place where
there are many women . crazy person. mama koku kibosile n bosi. mtumishi wa hali ya chini
day labourer.
Not common. . usiku kidudu n/ . kifriza n kitambi potbelly . Ametundika quotdivision onequot.
Kakununulia vidudu chungu nzima.and Alevel Metonymic extension of SS kijiti small stick.
kijasti n nguo ndogo ya wanawake inayobana short and tight dress for women Abbreviation
of just because which is an ellipsis of just because to attract men. nice or bad . gt . mtu
aliyegushi vyeti vya shule. kijiwe n/ mahali pa kukutania vijana / majobless place where
jobless youths meet Metonymic extension of diminutive of SS jiwe stone. a person who has
forged educational certificates Onomastic synecdoche of the name of a minisiter. mtu
anayetisha bad person. . based on the picture of rhinos printed on the note. kiepe n/ kiazi
potato lt Jana nimenunua viepe. nguo ya kisasa .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
kutazama gt piga deo kidonda n saa watch Metaphorical extension of SS kidonda wound.
ganja. gt jicho la mamba lt Probably metonymic extension of SE freezer. Walaghai Tanzania
wako kila mahali. Stones are used to sit on. kitu ambacho ni kidogo. Kihiyo. Vihiyo
Bongoland wako kila mahali. Alikula kijasti bomba. Johni mambo yake sasa hivi ni mazuri.
Jana nimenunua viazi. una kidonda kikali. kigagula gt gagula kidosho n/ msichana mrembo
beautiful girl. Alivaa nguo ndogo na ya kubana nzuri sana. kihiyo n/ mtu anayejisikia. kizuri
ama kibaya . fashion cloth Semantic extension of diminutive derivation of SS mdudu insect.
Kakununulia nguo nzuri za kisasa chungu nzima. blanti. issued in Metonymic extension of
SS kifaru rhinoceros.phr mtu mbaya. joint marijuana . gt kiwingu. Mimi nina msichana vile
vile. Atakununulia vitu chungu nzima. but actually is not truely qualified. Ondoka
unanisumbua. Oya. Wewe huna kitu ni kihiyo tu. a person who is supposed to be an expert.
Atakununulia vidudu chungu nzima. Ondoka unaniletea kigiza. based on form. gt mdosho
kigiza n kizuizi obstacle Metaphorical extension of SS giza darkness. kidudu mtu n. someone
who is threatening Semantic extension of diminutive of SS mdudu insect plus SS mtu
person. Vidosho wa siku hizi bei mbaya. Wewe huna kitu. young woman lt Attested in older
Swahili slang Reynolds . based on form. msokoto wa bangi . Johni mambo yake sasa hivi ni
mazuri. little thing. gt chuma kijiti n . kumbe hamna kitu. vijiti viwili kifaru n noti ya shilingi
iliyotolewa note of TSh. who used forged certificates of higher education. mneli . Oya.
motivation unclear. Mimi nina kifaa vile vile. Wasichana wa siku hizi ni ghali kuwapata. una
saa safi sana. division one in results of examination at O. gt viepe yai kifaa n/ msichana
mzuri kwa umbo na tabia beautiful and wellmannered girl Metaphorical extension of SS kifaa
utensil. Msichana amevaa kijasti cha gharama. bania. ameota kitambi. umegushi tu vyeti vya
shule. daraja la kwanza katika shule ya sekondari . Demu ametilia kijasti cha nguvu.
Ametundika kijiti. ameota kifriza.
Oya mshikaji. vijana wa vijiweni kilo n shilingi .loc mahali pa kukutania vijana / majobless
corner or place where jobless youths meet Metonymic extension of locative of diminutive of
SS jiwe stone. Ipo dei nitakuja kukukili. vijana wa vijiweni kilongalonga n/ simu ya mkononi
mobile phone Metonymic extension of nominalisation of LyM longa chat. Mary amevaa sketi
fupi sana. naenda kukaa kijiweni. prostitute lt . Nahitaji kununua kilongalonga aina ya Nokia.
twenzetu kivulini tukapate kilaji. Simu yako siku hizi kimeo. Simu yako ni kimeo. old. laki
moja shillings Metaphorical extension of SE kilo. Jana nimemkamatia mtoto wa kikladi. gt
joblesi kona. Nahitaji kununua simu ya mkononi aina ya Nokia. small figure Metaphorical
extension derived from the name of the mobile phone corporation . Kilo moja. Leo
tumekunywa pombe. msichana mzuri . Pale pana kijiwe changu . tumbler. gt bambadi kimeo
n/ . kimini n/ sketi fupi sana mini skirt Transfer from SE mini. Laki mbili. hasa msichana
coloured person. based on the property of being stationary and immovable. lt longa. sth
broken. alcoholic beverage. foma limao. Stones are used to sit on. alcoholic drink Metonymic
extension of derivation of SS bilauri drinkingglass. Common. Now in decline. beautiful girl .
kiberiti kikristu n Kiingereza English language Metonymic extension of SS kikristu Christian
ways. Oya. malaya . Pale pana mahali pangu pa kukutana na marafiki. gt soo. msala. Vijana
wanakutana kijiweni na kupiga stori. gt ulabu kimwana n/ msichana mzuri. in other cases the
youths sit on logs. gt luzi kikladi n chotara ambaye wazazi wake ni wa rangi tofauti. gt joblesi
kona. naenda kuegesha kijiweni. Laki moja. kizungu. esp. kimbitel n/ . kijiweni. Leo tumekata
kilauri. Ipo siku nitakuja kukuua.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Or
metaphoric extension of SS jiwe stone. kizaazaa kilaji n pombe. Simu yako siku hizi ina
matatizo. kitu kibovu kibovu. kitu ambacho kimechokachoka . Jioni itabidi nimpitie msichana
wangu. gt kimombo. Simu yako ni kitu kibovu. kijiwe. motivated by association of heavy
weight with high value. Mary amevaa kimini. tema ngeli kiluzi n/ msichana ambaye ni rahisi
kupata. Oya. ungenge. girl Derivation of transfer from SE coloured. kijiweni n. BBC. probably
also influenced by similarity to the metathesized form of SS laki . Jioni itabidi nikipitie kiluzi
changu. Christian language. kilauri n pombe beer. msichana mwembamba. outworn . binti
mzuri pretty girl Diminutive of SS mwana child kili v ua kill Transfer from SE kill. Rafiki yangu.
twende pamoja bar tukapate vinywaji. umbo mdogo wa mtu . msichana anayejirahisisha girl
who agrees easily to a proposal Diminutive of LyM quotluziquot. Vijana wanakutana kijiweni
na kuongea. drink Metonymic extension of SS kilaji food. Sometimes heard as kikristo. slim
lady. Jana nimempata msichana chotara. Kilo mbili.
. kingasti n .quot gt kiberiti kinoma adv sana. chomoa. a character in a popular cartoon who
is a hunter.quotNa Suzuki ndogo. fiance Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of a girl
in a song of Mr. mporipori kipepsi n kiwiko elbow Onomastic synecdoche of brand name
quotPepsiquot. kwa kupita kiasi very much. elekea . Wanaangalia kioo. countrybumpkin
Onomastic synecdoche of quotKomredi Kipepequot. Yule ni kimbitel. Acha kuwa mshamba.
Nimepanda gari kipanya. balaa problem Metaphorical extension of SS kinaa satiety. noma
kioo n video video Metonymic extension of SS kioo mirror. kipanya n gari ndogo small car
Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of diminutive of SS panya mouse. yeya kinari n kiberiti
match Diminutive of SS nari fire. terribly Adverbial derivation of LyM noma trouble. slim girl .
twende ukanipe ugali Woch la nguvu kinoma. Huyu ni mchumba wangu. beautiful. Hoya
tusileteane kinaa hapa. Nina njaa vibaya sana. jisanzua. the chorus sings Kingasti I need u.
rat. vizuri sana. wa kuja kipa v . msichana mrembo na mwembamba . kiptabo. toka .
Naelekea shuleni. leo nna ubao kinoma. kinabo n/ mshamba layman. mchumba . Nice called
Kingasti. Come and lets watch the video. gt kinabo.quot quotUmekuja na gari ganiquot .
ondoka. gt shobo. Ee bwana. makeup Derived from SE powder plus suffix zi. Nina njaa
kinoma. timka. twenzetu kanigee dongo Rafiki. Saa yenye nguvu kubwa. Nimepanda gari
dogo. ishia. . Not common. timua. Twende tukapate pombe. Nakipa skonga. Hoya. Njoo
tucheki kioo. ya kufa mtu lt noma kipepe n mshamba layman. gt figa. Acha kuwa kipepe.
move towards . Yule ni msichana mwembamba. Tulikumaindi kinoma. tungi kinaa n tatizo.
Umekuja na gari gani . English figure Twende tukapate kinywaji. leo nna njaa sana.
tusileteane matatizo hapa. toa kiwingu.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA quotMobitelquot.
Uso wake ulikuwa wa mviringo usiohitaji kukolezwa kwa vipodozi vya aina yoyote. country
bumpkin lt Kinabo analeta soo Mshamba analeta aibu gt mporipori. usituletee balaa hapa.
Not pejorative. older Swahili slang has a different meaning a beauty Ohly a . Mshirika. I love
u. jikata. bwana gt anza. Wanaangalia filamu. . Toka hapa. kwa kwenda mbele. usituletee
kinaa hapa. Tulikuzoea sana. . Ee bwana. . girlfriend. make off lt . gt kishenzi. kipimbi n gt
pimbi kipodozi n/ poda ya kujipodoa cosmetics. bwana .quotKipanya Suzuki. based on
similarity of form of elbow and bottleneck. kinywaji n/ pombe alcoholic beverage Euphemistic
generalisation of SS kinywaji drink. Huyu ni kingasti wangu. Kipa. gt maji.
sanamu ya michelini. girlfriend . Yule ni msichana mwembamba. abiria wasiolipa nauli .
chicken with big behind According to Blommaert this term is derived from the name of a big
Greek cargo vessel. Yule ni mpenzi wangu. kitambi n division quotDquot katika matokeo ya
mitihani division quotDquot in school results Metonymic extension of SS kitambi belly based
on form the silhouette of a person with big belly resembles the shape of quotDquot. paper
money Semantic extension of SS kisu knife. maji . kuku huyu ana matako makubwa. Tulivuta
bangi kupita kiasi. In older Swahili slang attested with the meaning sharp tongue. Further
metaphoric transfer to derive second meaning is motivated by the parallel that luggage is not
usually charged for a fare. sb who has not yet settled down Metaphorical extension of SS
kirukanjia nightjar. kiptabo n/ msichana mwembamba. maiti kisu n fedha. zuri. Nipatie maji ya
kiroba. Ah. gt English figure. malaya. quotKonyagiquot . . . sukari. probably related to older
Swahili slang limpopo a beauty Ohly a . . kuku mwenye matako . passenger who gets a free
lift . just like a bat. ya kufa mtu kipopo n/ msichana ambaye hajaolewa unmarried girl. Yule ni
kiptabo. kuku huyu ana kishtobe. mtu anayejitembeza prostitute. desa kishtobe n . hasa
fedha za noti money. Now in decline. motivation unclear.loc nyumbani. Coinage to denote a
code which is basically Swahili with incorporation of English elements. Hii sasa ni
Kiswanglish. vizuri sana very much. gt demu. sugar. she always changes her ways and
friends. Sina pesa. Mambo yake ya kishua. Gari imejaa viroba tu. kirukanjia n/ msichana
asiyetulia. . Mwanamke yule ni mzuri lakini kirukanjia. Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp
Nzuga . terribly Adverbial derivation of LyM mshenzi kitaani n. restless person. rafiki wa kike.
mpenzi . konyagi. Ah. Etymology provided by a female informant the unmarried girl has not
yet settled. kimbitel kishua adj enye uhakika. packet of flour. mtu asiye na umbo mzuri .
Common and old. person being in bad shape Truncation and semantic narrowing of
derivation of SS robota packet. . gt totopaki. Gari limejaa abiria wasiolipa nauli tu. strong
terms Ohly a . Not common. figa. parcel. jeruhi. primitive person. umbo mdogo wa mtu lady.
Kiswanglish n lugha ya mitaani ambayo inatumia maneno mengi ya Kiingereza style of
nonstandard language with many English elements Code mixing of SS Kiswahili Swahili plus
SE English. woman with big behind. maskani at home Metonymic extension and diminutive
of SS . gt mshua kiroba n/ . pesa. kishalishali adv gt shali kishenzi adv sana. or water .
msichana mzuri. . Mambo yake yana uhakika. beautiful lady Metaphorical extension of SE
portable. Tulikula blanti kishenzi. Nipatie maji katika mfuko wa plastiki. . lady Metaphorical
extension of SS popo bat. nice Derivation of transfer from SE sure. . gt kichizi. kinoma. kwa
kwenda mbele. safi sure. Sina kisu. mwanamke mwenye matako. Yule ni kishtobe wangu.
mfuko wa unga.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Uso wake ulikuwa wa
mviringo usiohitaji kukolezwa kwa poda ya aina yoyote. Mwanamke yule ni mzuri lakini
hajatulia.
. kwanja kitobo n msichana au mwanamke anayependa kufanya mapenzi na wanaume
tofauti girl or woman who likes to have various lovers. . a seat where one is questioned. fire.
Tuko kwenye kikao. Ondoa kiwingu chako. A second one maintains that some Muslims do
not stick very seriously to the prohibition of porc meat. Cognitive motivation one explanation
says that one time in the TV programme the topic was the sale of porc meat in butcheries.
night club . Mary amevaa kitopu. Yule anafanya mapenzi na wanawake wengi . Mbona
unaniwekea kizuizi. kitimoto n. Sili nyama ya nguruwe. kiti cha kumkalisha mtu kwa
mahojiano makali . foreign country not common Metonymic extension of SS kiwanja place of
ground. Metonymic extension of SS kitobo small hole. Sili kitimoto. quothot seatquot . . Siku
hiyo kila mtu alipika nyama ya nguruwe. Old and common. They had to sit on the quothot
seatquot. place to relax . . Kitu kidogo kinasababisha huduma duni za jamii. Oya mshikaji.
parasol Ohly a . Aliwekwa kitimoto. Asha anapenda kufanya mapenzi na wanaume wengi.
nyama ya nguruwe ya kuchoma .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA mtaani on the street. .
Mbona unaniwekea kiwingu. twende pamoja bar tukapate vinywaji. tu. . Ondoka
unanisumbua. Tuko kwenye kitimoto. nchi ya nje . gt mkuu wa meza kitu kidogo n. Naomba
hela kwanza. Bribes cause an abject state of society. Toa kitu kidogo Naomba hela.
Kifupisho cha quottoa kitu kidogoquot. in older Swahili slang attested as kivuli sunumbrella.
Pejorative. Mary amevaa blauzi ndogo isiyofika kiunoni. Asha ni kitobo. meaning quothot
seatquot. kitombi n mtu anayependa kufanya mapenzi na wanawake tofauti man who has
various lovers Derived from SS tomba copulate. hongo bribe Euphemistic extension of SS
kitu kidogo something little. in the living quarter Najitia kitaani. Common. kiwingu n/ kizuizi
obstacle Metaphoric extension of SS kiwingu small cloud. short and small top Transfer from
SE top.phr rushwa. grilled porc meat . TKK. kiwanja n . The metonymy is based on a
television debate programme quotkiti motoquot on the independent channel DTV. Naingia
nyumbani. . . So when they eat it they feel like sitting on a quothot seatquot. Imported into
LyM from Kenya. kikao . Rafiki yangu. ulaya. twenzetu kivulini tukapate kilaji. Alihojiwa kikali.
kitopu n/ blauzi ndogo ya kike isiyofika kiunoni. where people like politicians were
questioned. meeting Metonymic extension of compound of SS kiti chair and moto heat. Lete
kitu kidogo. gt chai kivulini n baa bar Metonymic extension of SS kivulini in the shadow.
Twende zetu kustarehe. Yule ni kitombi tu. Ondoka hapa. Toa kiwingu. . Twende zetu
viwanja. eneo la starehe baa. Ondoka unaniletea kiwingu. Siku hiyo kila mtu alipika kitimoto.
gt debe. .phr .
mchongoma kombati n nguo yenye michoro mingi. Before batiki became more prestigeous.
Usinichezee nitakukongoli. Bosi ananikoromea sana. click. ungenge. these clothes were also
called mawingu. kolboksi n mwanamke aliyeolewa na anatembea nje ya ndoa married
woman who has lovers Metonymic extension of SE callbox. Wanazungumza Kiingereza.
rape . beat up Onomastic synecdoche of the name of Bill Clinton. look at . gozigozi. fokea
scold Dysphemistic metonymic extension of SS koroma snore. Usikonde. kimeo. in older
Swahili slang attested as confusion Ohly a . angalia . . Nitakupiga. In KKS and . Usijali.
pasua mangumi ya jela kongota v piga sana. gt timori. motivated by the camouflage design.
gt full kipupwe kizaazaa n kasheshe inayomfikia mtu mwenyewe. beat severely. European
language. Jamaa kaniletea kizaazaa. Usimaindi kukongoli mademu. grief. balaa. Balaa gani
imenikuta. Yule broo kawamba bonge la kombati. gt kirukanjia koromea v karipia. beat.
Kizaazaa kimeingia. suruali yenye mifuko ya nje cloth with camouflage design. calamity. The
word also appears as combati in written form. Nitakuklintoni. Kizaazaa gani kimenikuta.
klintoni v . gt soo.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Fanya shughuli zako gt
bania. . kikristu. piga. representing an icon of power. Polisi alinipiga vibaya sana. We have
heaters in the cold season and use air condition in the hot season. kizungu n Kiingereza
English language Metonymic extension of SS kizungu European ways. misfortune Semantic
extension of derivation from SS zaa give birth. Tuna vipasha joto katika majira ya baridi na
kutumia kiyoyozi katika majira ya joto. have sexual intercourse lt . BBC kongoli v . Old and
common. Polisi amenikongota kinoma. baka . Yule kaka kavaa vest nzuri. In Sheng as ngota
Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Also in Kihore . Usinichezee nitakupiga. Kondakta naomba unirudishie
chenji yangu. Jamaa kaniletea vurugu. kigiza. gonga. kiyoyozi n/ mashine inayopoza hewa
air condition lt . Balaa imeingia. Bosi ananifokea sana . piga . In KKS . Ninakukonda wewe.
beat with a stick Metonymic extension of SS kongota beat sth in order to flatten it. Konda
naomba unirudishie chenji yangu. fanya tendo la ndoa . cargo trousers Metonymic extension
from SE combat. Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Angalia asikubake. former
president of the USA. Angalia asikuklintoni. msala konda n/ kondakta conductor Terminal
clipping of SS kondakta conductor. . Asha antembea na wanaume nje ya ndoa yake. Kongoli
hapa. kosovo. . Asha ni kolboksi. Click here. Wanazungumza kizungu. . gt kimombo. piga
kwa fimbo beat up. Nina wasiwasi na wewe. Usipende kufanya mapenzi na wasichana. hali
ya kutokuwa na utulivu trouble. konda v jali take sth serious Metonymic extension of SS
konda become emaciated.
peleleza mtu. Nitakupiga. jikata. kula chasi kosovo n/ ugomvi. chungulia dirishani. which
see. peleleza mtu. bwana. Kule kulikuwa na ugomvi. kula chabo kota n sehemu ya nyumba
wanapokaa watumishi quarters of civil servants or personnel of a certain company Transfer
from SE quarter.phr vuta bangi smoke marijuana Semantic extension of SS kula eat plus
transfer from E blunt.phr ondoka. jifanya kutosikia. expression quoteat the heapquot. timka.
timori kula chabo v. bwana. tambaa. ishia. see sth without being able to obtain it
Metaphorical extension of SS kula eat plus SS macho eyes. kula jiwe v puuza kwa kujikaza
sana. origin of chabo unclear. spy Semantic extension of SS kula eat. piga deo. jikata. Mtu
atakuja kuleta ugomvi nyumbani kwako. ondoka run away. gt kula nyasi kula kona v.
Alielekea kota za serikali. expression eat a stone. bwana. Kula chabo Angalia Juma
anapenda kula chabo madirishani kwa mwenzie. Amekimbia. timua. play the ignorant fool
Metaphorical extension of SS kula eat and jiwe stone. ishia. gt anza. timua. kipa. tulia force
os to keep quiet. jiachia. expression quoteat marijuanaquot. expression quoteat the
cornerquot. Anaishi katika kota za shirika. kuwaangalia watu kwa kificho peep. Toka hapa.
bwana. Acha kula chasi Acha kuangalia watu kwa kificho gt piga chasi. spy Semantic
extension of SS kula eat. toa kiwingu. nyamaza. timka. jisanzua. kipa. Juma anapenda
kuchungulia madirishani kwa mwenzie. Marafiki wameenda nyumbani kuvuta bangi.
Amekula jiwe.phr ishia kuona tu bila kula chakula chenyewe. chungulia dirishani. piga tochi.
Nitakuanzishia ugomvi. Toka hapa. Alielekea nyumba za watumishi wa serikali. lala
mbele.phr kimbia. combat and war in / during the Kosovo crisis. jisanzua. gt kauka.
kausha.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA kosovo v piga beat up Onomastic synecdoche of
the geographical term Kosovo which became emblematic as an area of conflict. The
emotions which have to be suppressed are compared to a stone. Nitakukosovo. Kula kona.
kimbia go away. probably inspired by a . origin of chasi unclear. chomoa. go away
Metaphorical extension of SS kula eat plus SE corner. kupambana trouble. gt klintoni.
quarrel. Nitakuanzishia kosovo. gt klintoni. yeya kula bunda v. Amejikaza kunyamaza. yeya
kula kwa macho v. fight Onomastic synecdoche of the geographical term Kosovo which
became emblematic as an area of conflict. kuwaangalia watu kwa kificho peep.
Amewaangalia watu kwa kificho.phr chungulia vitu visivyomhusu mtu. gt piga deo. Kule
kulikuwa na kosovo. Amekula chasi.phr chungulia vitu visivyomhusu mtu. piga bunda.
angalia kitu bila uwezo wa kukipata see nice food without being allowed to eat. gt anza. run
away Metaphorical extension of SS kula eat plus SS bunda a heap of things. Amekimbia.
Masela wameingia kati kula blanti. piga tochi. chomoa. lala mbele. Kula bunda. timori kula
chasi v. toa kiwingu. uchuna kula blanti v. Mtu atakuja kuleta kosovo nyumbani kwako.
Amekula kona. combat and war in / during the Kosovo crisis. Amekula bunda.
anakula ngozi.phr kula ugali/wali kwa nyama au samaki bila mchuzi eat ugali with meat or
fish without sauce Metaphorical extension of SE side mirror. anafanya mapenzi na msichana.
saloni. Juma alivaa nguo safi sana. expression quoteat cottonquot. Declare amekula pamba
kali / ya nguvu / kwa kwenda mbele. gt lumangia kula ngozi v. Common. kutosema . Tulikula
nyasi mpaka basi. passport photo studio . Mwone rafiki yule. Zaituni alifanyiwa ngono na
wanaume wengi kwa wakati mmoja. make love with a girl Metaphorical expression quoteat
the skinquot. pigwa risasi . . expression quoteat headsquot. Masela walikula suruali za
mdebwezo. Zaituni aliliwa mande.phr fanya mapenzi make love. . . gt uroda kula nguo v.
Declare amevaa nguo nzuri sana. Twende zetu tufanye mapenzi.phr . kula suruali v.
bwana.phr . shave hair Metaphorical extension of SS kula eat plus a synecdochical
extension of SS vichwa heads. Juma alikula nguo kinoma. bwana. . kula shaba v. Nakula
ugali na nyama/samaki bila mchuzi. nyoa nywele . group rape a number of men with one
woman lt In older Swahili slang tia mande sleep with a woman Ohly a . Nakula ugali kwa saiti
mira. expression quoteat ugali in the sidemirror mannerquot. expression eat trousers. hair
saloon. Utaona kitu bila kuweza kukipata. piga picha za passport . Amepigwa risasi. Tulivuta
bangi mpaka tumetosheka. Suka alikula vichwa stendi.phr fanya mapenzi na msichana sleep
with a girl. Usiseme. Utakula kwa macho. . get shot . not tell sth Metaphorical extension of
SS kula eat and shaba copper.phr vuta bangi smoke marijuana Metaphorical extension of SS
kula eat and nyasi grass. gt mtungo kula ugali / wali kwa saiti mira v. kula vichwa v. Thus a
daladala driver might say to the conductor kula vichwa as a request to collect the fare.
Wasichana wa siku hizi wanafanya uroda waziwazi. pata abiria au wateja katika sehemu
kama daladala.phr vaa nguo nzuri be nicely dressed Metaphorical extension of SS kula eat
and pamba cotton. Kula shaba. expression quoteat clothesquot. colloquial. gt gonga ngozi
kula uroda v. In business it is heads of customers what counts. SS kula eat plus SS ngozi
skin. Wasichana wa siku hizi wanafanya mapenzi waziwazi. based on the similarity in form
between a side mirror of a car and a person holding a piece of meat or fish in his left hand.
have sex Semantic extension of SS kula eat plus SS uroda sexual intercourse which might
have been derived from a word for rocking or swinging. expression quoteat grassquot.phr
fanya ngono wanaume wengi na mwanamke mmoja kwa wakati mmoja. fanya ngono ya
kuchangia group sex. . kula mande n.phr vaa suruali wear trousers Semantic extension of
SS kula eat plus SS suruali trousers.phr vaa nguo wear clothes Metaphorical extension of
SS kula eat plus SS nguo clothes. expression quoteat copperquot. Marafiki walivaa suruali
za mlegezo. kula pamba v. gt pigilia nguo kula nyasi v. since according to one informant a
child who has played a game of rocking or swinging might say quotnimekula urodaquot. hide
Mcheki mshikaji. get customers in bus. Amekula shaba.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING calque Expression quoteat with the eyesquot. Twenzetu tukale uroda.
kwa Mzee Mandela kwanja n disko disco lt Probably derived from SS kiwanja open place.
chomoa. Juma leo hana nyimbo. sleepquot. kiwanja kupa saundi v. toka. gt anza. Huyu
anleta ujeuri wakati mwenyewe hana kitu wala kazi. Jamaa kapaa hewani kishenzi.
Alipochelewa tu mzee mzima nikakimbia. Juzi nilimdakisha mkwanja akaniletee mashine za
kulia vichwa. . gt ya kufa mtu. Metonymic extension of SS kula eat and lala sleep. kiwanja
kwa chati n. with emphasis on her age. gt sauz. kwenda hewani. kwa kwenda mbele adv
sana. . . sb who eats and sleeps at his parents place. expression go into the air. bondeni.phr
Afrika Kusini South Africa Onomastic synecdoche of Nelson Mandela. the first president of
postapartheid South Africa. anakula na kulala kwa wazazi wake na hana zaidi person without
employment. kwa kwenda mbele kulakulala n/ mtu asiye na kazi na kutegemea wazazi.
Ngwair in quotMikasiquot Nachukua nguo safi. Jana nimefaidi kupita kiasi. nzuri sana. kuwa
na stori have a stori to tell Metonymic extension of SS nyimbo songs. jikata.phr kulikuwa na
nini. a kufa mtu.phr Afrika Kusini South Africa Onomastic synechdoche of president Mbeki
Thabo of South Africa.phr kuwa na mambo ya kusimulia. kwa Mzee Mandela n. zuri very
nice.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA . lala mbele. make off Metaphorical extension of SS
kunjuka be unfolded. Alipodilei tu mzee mzima nikakunjuka. kwa chati. yeya kwa Mzee
Thabo n. expression give sound. news Contraction of kulikuwa na nini.phr Uingereza Great
Britain quotAt the old ladys placequot. timka. timua. blingbling. Dereva alichukua abiria
kwenye kituo. tell lies Metonymic extension of SS kupa give plus transfer from SE sound.
Tule mdeo kwa chati hapa. kuwa na nyimbo v. jisanzua. In KKS . go away.phr . Juma leo
hana mambo ya kusimulia. gt sauz. fly in the air. depending on his parents. Jamaa ni mrefu
kupita kiasi. . gt piga stori kwa bi mkubwa n. mamtoni.phr vizuri sana. kupita kiasi very much
Semantic extension of SS kwenda mbele go forward. . habari what happened. paa hewani v.
Anataka kunipa saundi mimi. a nguvu kulikoni v. quotBi mkubwaquot refers . toa kiwingu.
expression quoteat. bondeni. denoting so who does not do anything else except eating and
sleeping at his parents place Huyu analeta ujeuri wakati mwenyewe ni kulakulala. gt kinoma.
Jana tulienda kwanja. very well Transfer from SE chart Nachukua pamba. Walimpa pole na
kumwulizia kulikoni. yeyuka kwa kitu bila kutekelezwa . gt debe. gt majuu. having failed
Hyperbolic extension of SS kwenda go plus hewani into the sky. Jamaa kapaa hewani
kinoma. ishia. kipa. Juzi nilimpa pesa akaniletee mashine za kunyolea nywele to Queen
Elizabeth II. Jana nimetesa kwa kwenda mbele. Walimpa pole na kumwulizia kulikuwa na
nini. .stat kimbia. mtu mrefu kwa kimo .phr danganya lie. ondoka run away. very tall person .
kishenzi. kwa Mzee Thabo kunjuka v. Jamaa ni mrefu vibaya sana. Jana tulienda disko.sep.
Tuangalie vizuri toka kwa mbali. mapambo kama mikufu. Anataka kunidanganya mimi.
gt anza. There is also a connotation of the husband being weak. Lambalamba hii ni
tamu.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING . jikata. Recent. kitu kizuri au chenye
nguvu be successful. kipa. Akanilamba njiti sita. toa kiwingu. pata . iba pesa take money.
Wewe ni wangu laazizi. Leo nimelamba dume. lala mzungu wa nne v. lambalamba amepita.
get sth nice or powerful Metaphorical extension of LyM lamba cut a card plus SS dume ace.
bwana. la kuparama lamba mweleka v. based on the way the figures are depicted on
playingcards.phr buti boots Semantic extension of SS paramia climb over sth without a
ladder. In KKS . timua. icecream . bandapanda lamba njiti v piga fimbo. man who likes very
much to have sex Metonymic extension of SS lamba lick. Jana tulipiga malaga ya kufa mtu.
laga n/ bia yo yote ya kisasa any bottled beer Onomastic synecdoche of SE Lager beer.
Jana nilipotoka kazini nilikunywa bia tatu safi. Wewe ni mpenzi wangu wa dhati. Sasa inabidi
nilale mbele. A couple sleep in this way if one is sick or if they have a quarrel. icecream
zinazotengenezwa kienyeji . John alianguka kichwa chini miguu juu. Wamelamba fuba lote
Wamechukua pesa zote lakuchumpa n n. jisanzua. gt lakuchumpa. gt piga mweleka
lakuparama. Safari yangu ya leo ilikuwa yenye mafanikio. Oya. taka kuharibu mambo ya
watu talk nonsense. expression quottake moneyquot.phr buti lenye soli nene HipHopboot
with thick soles Nominalised expression lt buti la kuchumpa. . . mmoja anaelekea kichwani.
Akanipiga fimbo sita. lala mbele v. mwanamume anayependa sana kufanya ngono . piga
bakora beat. try to spoil Semantic extension of SS bring what is to bring. Kitu kile
kimekwenda hewani. Jana nilipotoka kazini nilipiga laga tatu safi. John alilamba mweleka
chali. gt asali wa moyo leta za kuleta v. Lala mbele.phr sema mambo ya uongo. the other
with head down. gt dhahabu lamba fuba v. laazizi n mpenzi wa dhati. mwingine miguuni pa
mwenziwe two people sleeping in one bed. yeya lambalamba n .phr kuwa na mafanikio. lie.
Semantic extension of SS lala lie plus mzungu wa nne king in a deck of cards. Jana
tulikunywa bia kupita kiasi. ishia. chumpa being transfer from SE jump Msela unapenda
kupiga lakuchumpa.phr ondoka go away Metaphorical extension of SS lala sleep plus mbele
further ahead.phr anguka kwa kichwa chini fall down with head first Metonymic extension of
SS lamba lick plus mweleka wrestle. Kitu kile kimeyeyuka bila kutekelezwa. Rafiki unapenda
kuvaa viatu aina ya lakuchumpa. Sasa inabidi niondoke. . expression quotcut an acequot.
Toka. gt bandapanda. steal money Metaphorical extension of LyM lamba take a playingcard
from the pile of cards plus LyM fuba money. lamba dume v. hit with a stick Metaphorical
extension of SS lamba lick plus fimbo stick. boyfriend Metaphoric extension of SS azizi
precious thing.phr chukua pesa. kula kona. Icecream hii ni tamu. . timka. chomoa. bwana. or
transfer from Arabic.phr lala wawili katika kitanda kimoja. lakuparamia n. wa kike au wa
kiume girlfriend. but in different directions one with head up.
gt kilongalonga. longa. gunia lililojaa sana something packed beyond measure lt Gunia
limejaza lumbesa. gt nyomi liwa v.phr . Acha longolongo we sema una shilingi ngapi. Utalia
mwenzangu jiji utalijua. longolongo longolongo n/ maneno / habari ya uongo. Zai alifanywa
mapenzi kinyume cha maumbile jana. Usiniambie habari ya uongo. Tulistarehe katika disko
mpaka asubuhi. but on another Tanzanian Bantu language that retains the noun class prefix
lu. fanywa mapenzi kinyume cha maumbile firwa . Jana Kariakoo niliona lumbesa nyingi.
Yao. Zai aliliwa dude jana. Acha kuleta longolongo. maneno mengi yasiyo na maana empty
words. Gunia limejaa sana. rafiki. Wameswekwa rupango. lumangia v kula ugali/wali kwa
nyama au samaki bila mchuzi eat ugali with meat or fish without sauce lt Very common.
ukifanya kazi utapata pesa. lose all hope. longa basi. Acha maneno mengi. Utakoma.or ru.
danganywa .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA We mshikaji. babaisha chat Etymology
unclear. Nakula ugali na nyama / samaki bila mchuzi. based on the experience of the
hardships of citylife. gt kilongalonga. not directly based on SS. usiku lia v kata tamaa despair.
rumande prison. Kwa nini unakata tamaa Kazi ipo. ukileta maneno ya uongo nitakufanyia
fujo. weep. Utalijua jiji. Kwenda lupango ni sawa na kuhukumiwa kifo. sema basi. . neti liwa
dude v.g. gereza. false words Metonymic extension of nominalisation of LyM longa chat.
shimoni. longa v ongea. ukifanya kazi utapata pesa. liamba n asubuhi morning Transfer from
another Bantu language. be cheated . Nalumangia ugali kwa kuku wa kuchoma. Nakula ugali
wa kulumangia. In Sheng dude is attested for the meaning pregnancy Mbaabu amp Nzuga .
East African Melody You will despair.pass kosa. jail Euphemistic extension of SS pango
cave. . tapeliwa miss. To go to jail equals being sentenced to death. you will cease. . gt kula
ugali kwa saiti mira lijua jiji v. ukileta za kuleta nakupiga beto. Wewe.phr koma cease
Metonymic semantic extension of SS lijua jiji know the city. Mwera Tulijirusha debe mpaka
liamba. mshikaji. e. resign oneself Metonymic extension of SS lia cry. In KKS and . We rafiki.
Popularised by Taarab song quotUtalijua Jijiquot by East African Melody Modern Taarab .
Ipo siku fulani polisi walinijia kutaka niwape bangi ili wanitie gerezani. Wamewekwa ndani. gt
sero / selo. get cheated Metaphorical extension of SS liwa be eaten. Makonde. Umeliwa
kaka Umekosa kaka lupango n jela. Usiniletee longolongo. lumbesa n mzigo ambao umezidi
kipimo. Unalialia nini Kazi ipo. we sema una shilingi ngapi. goodfornothing. Acha kuniletea za
kuleta. receive anal sex Metaphorical extension of SS kula eat and SS dude worthless
person. Nakula ugali kwa kuku wa kuchoma bila mchuzi. Ipo dei fulani mamwela walinijia
kutaka niwagee ganja ili wanisobe rupango. We.
gt mlupo. Niko mabaga. loose girl Metaphoric extension of SE loose ball. Juma hajatulia
kabisa. based on form of tail lights. magutugutu machozi ya simba n.phr pombe kali
haramu.phr miwani glasses Metonymic extension of SS macho eyes plus nne four. Yule
amevaa miwani. msichana anayejirahisisha girl who agrees easily to a proposal. Amepata
pombe kali isiyo halali. . nipa. Nimetoka hapa nikahisi kwamba kuna hatari. lies Dysphemistic
extension of plural of augmentative derivation of SS udongo clay. gt baluni machale n hisia
ya kitu fulani. ana hatari ya kuambukizwa na ukimwi. Leo ninahisi hatari. Mshikaji usifuatilie
lile luzi. Nimempa kweli madongo yake. gt maji makali. illegally distilled liquor Metaphorical
extension of SS machozi tears and SS simba lion. Nimempa kweli yake. attested in older
Swahili slang for meaning gin Ohly a . polisi watazungukia hapa. gt rosti. uawa macho ya
samaki n. . indirect criticism . Sikai eneo hili. expression quoteyes like bulbsquot. ni dege la
jeshi. mshtukio sense. gt mapepe madongo n . tivi mabaga n hali ya kuishiwa pesa.
Nimetoka hapa machale yakanicheza. gt shingo feni macho manne n. gt glasi. bwana we
bwana e / Kila nikipita wageuza shingo / Utadhani feni. Aliangalia kwa mshangao mkubwa.
The chorus has quotVipi . Yule amenunua Toyota quotMark IIquot yenye sehemu ya nyuma
iliyoumbwa mviringo na taa za nyuma nyembamba. expression quotlions tearsquot. pigika.
Popularised through a song by Vijana Orchestra quotPenzi haligawanyikiquot. premonition
Semantic extension and augmentative derivation from SS chale incision. hali ya kukosa pesa
be run out of money Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of a band of two Bongo
Fleva artists with physical disabilities.. Bonge la msichana amepita. Kumbe polisi walikuwa
wananitafuta. Nimehisi kitu fulani / Nimeshtuka. Machale yamenicheza. Based on the
concept of lions tears as a strong liquid. Juma ni mtu wa madongo tu. Used especially in
saying quotmacho balbu. Bonge la luzi limepita.phr Toyota quotMark IIquot aina ya baluni
ambayo ina taa nyembamba Toyota quotMark IIquot with rounded back which has narrow tail
lights Metaphorical extension of macho ya samaki fish eyes. . Rafiki usifuatilie yule
msichana. Attested for older Swahili slang Ohly a . Yule kapigilia macho manne. kumbe polisi
walikuwa wananitafuta. supu ya mawe machepele n hali ya kukosa utulivu hastiness. bwana
e bwana e Alikuwa macho balbu. kiluzi sasa we bwana waleta matata / Kwa vile napendeza
na nimetakata / Kila nikipita macho yakutoka / Utadhani balbu. Nimeishiwa pesa. gt chale.
maneno ya kukosoa mtu yasiyo ya moja kwa moja . expression quotfour eyesquot. gongo
hard liquor. Sikai eneo hili. . shingo feniquot. Yule amenunua macho ya samaki. Amepata
machozi ya simba. . quotMabaga freshquot. Juma ni mtu mwenye kupenda kusema macho
balubu n.phr macho yaliyotoka kwa mshangao staring gaze Dysphemistic metaphorical
extension of SS macho eyes and transfer from SE bulb. Leo nina machale. /. polisi
watazungukia hapa. nervousness lt Juma ni machepele mno.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp
ROLAND KIELING luzi n/ msichana ambaye ni rahisi kupata. uongo . tattoo Cl.
press. tweak. Tulikumaindi kinoma. esp. mshtuko sense. Mafweza kwangu siyo shida. a
woman Onomastic synecdoche of the name Maimuna.phr mwanamke anayejiuza mwili
wake. gt mama huruma mafweza n fedha money Derived from SS fedha money. maigizo.
humoristic plays. kitendo cha kutoa manii wakati wa kujamiiana . Nimempiga magoli.
Nimemsema uongo. Gazeti la Sani limesheheni makatuni. topenda . akanipa pesa. . zuri.
Analala kwa hisia ya hatari. Usiku nimelala lakini nilikuwa na hisia ya kitu fulani. . Hapa mjini
kila kitu kipo. maimuna n mtu asiyeelewa. mafinyufinyu n katuni. well prepared food lt
Common. . mizuka ya kuleta ucheshi cartoons. promiscuous woman Metaphorical extension
of SS expression maharage ya Mbeya. gt machale maindi v . kumbuka. Usiku nimelala lakini
nilikuwa na magutugutu. hasa mwanamke blockhead. mahanjumati / mahanjuhanju n
mapochopocho. listed as older Swahili slang in Ohly a . uongo . Jane ni msichana rahisi
kufanya mapenzi na mwanamume ye yote. lies . ni pesa zako tu. magutugutu n hisia ya kitu
fulani. satirical imitation. sentiment. since . Jane ni maharage ya Mbeya. Msichana ni mzuri
sana. based on an advertisement for English language courses a secretary receives a
telephone call. ridicule. nice. uzuri . zoea. Analala kwa magutugutu. vyakula vizuri vyenye
harufu nzuri na viungo vingi. There could also be a connection to older Swahili slang lexeme
haragwe vagina Ohly a . Moyo ana mafinyufinyu kishenzi. Emsii huyo alishika maiki. Kwenye
sherehe vyakula vizuri ni muhimu. dramatisation. penda. akanipa pesa. Sani MC huyo
alishika mikrofoni. Common. beauty . filia . Wakati alipokuja mume wangu nilipika vyakula
vitamu. Yule haelewi. . Moyo ana mawenge mengi ya kuleta ucheshi. Pesa kwangu siyo
shida. Yule Maimuna. Mbeya refers to a town in Tanzania. very nice. maharage ya Mbeya n.
Gazeti la Sani limesheheni mafinyufinyu. amusement. Wakati alipokuja mume wangu nilipika
mahanjumati. vichekesho. the person calling speaks English. squeeze. She doesnt
understand what he says and just always repeats quotmimi Maimunaquot. probably related
to SS gutuka be startled. ni mafweza yako tu. like not Semantic extension of transfer from SE
verb mind. be used to sth or sb. Kwenye sherehe mahanjumati ni muhimu. . Hapa mjini kila
kitu kipo. ejaculation Metaphorical extension of SE goal. gt fweza magoli n . mwanamke
anayekubali kila mwanamume woman who sells her body. beautiful. be surprised. taka.
premonition Semantic extension of SS magutu stumps. like. Ofisi za serikali ni mambo ya
pesa za hongo tu. . derision Metaphorical extension based on derivation from SS finya pinch.
Demu yuko magoli. someone who cannot understand a language. denoting a variety of
beans which do not need long time to be ready in cooking.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA uongo. gt bomba maiki n mikrofoni microphone Transfer from colloquial English
mike microphone. Ofisi za serikali ni mambo ya mafweza tu. be frightened. mind sb .
Wahuni wamenibana. Ninamaindi kula bondo. . New . Nimemaindi hicho kitu. Niko majalala.
majani n . Majita wamenitaiti. . Yule anakunywa sana pombe. esp. yaani hafai. bangi .
dough. Ninapenda kula ugali.g. gt ngano. marijuana . majalala n hali ya kutokuwa na pesa
mfukoni state of having no money in the pockets Metaphorical extension of SS majalala
dumping ground. nipa. kinywaji. this term is already obsolete and replaced by mamtoni.
Marafiki wote walikuwepo.c. expression golden water. Mshikaji kwa maji makali. Sasa
tomoro nakwea pipa kwenda majuu. maji n pombe alcoholic drink Euphemistic extension of
SS maji water. Simmaindi yule. supu ya mawe maiti n abiria asiyelipa nauli passenger who
does not have to pay the fare Metaphor used by daladala personnel to denote passengers
who by law do not have to pay the fare. the lexeme is derived from Zulu majita meaning
friend. . The image comprises quotwounded peoplequot who pay a reduced fare. Tulikuzoea
sana.g. Du. quotKibo Goldquot Partial calque or SS paraphrase of an onomastic synecdoche
based on the brand name quotKibo Goldquot. Tumebeba abiria wengi wasiolipa nauli. Sina
pesa. . blant majuu n ulaya Europe Metonymic extension of SS juu up.e. Ananimaindi sana.
unaondoka kwenda ulaya Tangu achaguliwe anaenda majuu kama Kariakoo. gt machozi ya
simba. Saa hizi tunataka tupate pombe kali tutulize akili. above. Sasa kesho napanda ndege
kwenda ulaya. . paper money Metonymic extension of SS majani leafs. Yule ni mtu wa
majani. hasa gongo illegal hard liquor Metaphorical extension of SS maji water plus kali hot..
marafiki people from the street. gt nyasi. sharp. Anapenda maji ya dhahabu. wa mtaani.
According to Shafi p. yaani hafai. Yule ni mvuta bangi. paper money Ohly a . Attested in
older Swahili slang for meaning ugly woman Ohly a . Sina pesa mifukoni. . Leo mchonga
kapanda pipa kwenda majuu. Saa hizi tunataka tupate maji makali tutulize akili. e. e. tungi. gt
kiroba.phr bia. hasa quotKibo Goldquot beer. Attested in older Swahili slang for meaning
chink. Another etymology gives motivation by orientation on maps. Jamaa anapenda sana
kunywa gongo. Sina majani. Hanipendi. . Anapenda pombe. Jamaa yule simpendi. Simpendi
yule. wamechukua pesa zote. brother. . . gt piga maji.phr pombe kali haramu. Leo raisi
Nyerere kapanda ndege kwenda ulaya. . . Also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . . tungi
. soldiers. friends According to one informant. maji makali n. jeruhi maji ya dhahabu n. .
students and quotcorpsesquot who pay nothing. . Majita wote walikuwepo. Tumebeba maiti
wengi. i.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING . rafiki. Popularised through a track
by Bongo Fleva formation TMK. Nimependa hicho kitu . noti za pesa . motivated by the fact
that people must fly to Europe. north up. Yule anapiga maji sana. ulabu majita n watu wa
kihuni. Jamaa ninammaindi sana. unaishia majuu la Du. wamelamba fuba lote.
restlessness Metaphoric extension of SS pepea swing in the wind or mapepe empty husks
of grain. fedha nyingi money. hali ya kutotulia hastiness. mwanamke anayekubali kila
mwanamume woman who sells her body. Anna anaendesha gari aina ya Mitsubishi RVR
siku hizi. lies Metonymic extension based on SS kuza enlarge Nitolee makuzi mwanangu.
The notion is that the woman feels pity with the men. also attested in older Swahili slang as
pene jike cents and pene dume cents Ohly a . finish off. gt mamtoni. Origin unclear. much
money Dysphemistic extension based on a transfer from SE penny. makuzi n habari zisizo
na maana. promiscuous woman Euphemistic metonymic extension of SS mama mother and
huruma compassion. uchache. Anna anaendesha mama koku siku hizi. gt miyeyusho
mambo ya isidingo n. Mambo yako. pity. kesho yule pale. Mapene yamecheua. mama
mfanyabiashara . kwa bi mkubwa manzi n msichana mzuri beautiful girl Already attested in
older Swahili slang Ohly a beside kimanzi Ohly a . Lakini wewe mwenyewe chekibobu
ushamaliza. Manzi huyu ana taarabu. mwanamke anayefanya kazi kwenye baa au hotelini .
foreign countries Metonymic extension of SS mtoni at the river. Ana mahela mengi.
motivated by the oceans surrounding the African continent.phr . woman working in a bar or
restaurant . Msichana wangu ni mrembo.phr mwanamke anayejiuza mwili wake. mercy.
uongo words without meaning. Jamaa karudi jana kutoka Ulaya. rafiki yangu. gt kicheni pati
mapene n fedha. colloquial.phr gari aina ya Mitsubishi RVR Car model Mitsubishi RVR
Onomastic synecdoche of the Haya female name quotKoku. Lakini wewe mwenyewe kijana
umeshajua mabaya yote mamtoni. mkwanja. Mambo yako ya Isidingo. uchangamfu wa
kupita kiasi.phr mambo ya kiulaya Westernised lifestyle. especially in regard to changing
partners Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of a South African daily soap
quotIsidingoquot broadcasted by ITV. Msichana yule ni mama huruma. gt maharage ya
Mbeya mama koku n. Mama muuza niletee bia mbili hapa. Msichana huyu ana matako
makubwa. nchi za nje Europe. kwa mama pombe au kitu kingine. leo huyu. gt majuu. mama
muuza pombe. Kuna fedha nyingi. Common in secondary schools and colleges. Msichana
yule anajiuza. Ana mapene. kiwanja. gt chapaa.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Tangu
achaguliwe anaenda Ulaya kama Kariakoo. mtoni n. tradeswoman Ellipsis of the SS phrase
mama muuza mapepe n haraka. Jamaa karudi jana kutoka mamtoni. Transfer from Sheng
Mbaabu amp Nzuga . gt demu mama huruma n. also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a .
Common.loc Ulaya. attested in older Swahili slang . mshiko. woman selling brew. Usiniletee
habari isiyo na maana. Cognitive motivation Many Haya women drive Mitsubishi RVR. hurry.
faranga mama muuza n. Manzi wangu ni mrembo. wasiwasi. maliza v jua mabaya yote know
all bad things Either ellipsis of SS maliza masomo finish studies or metonymic extension of
SS maliza complete.
anahitaji kutulizwa. Mapolisi wageni walikuona. tukatumia pesa kwa fujo. ubeche. mashauzi
n hali ya kujisifia. Yule ana matiti saa sita. Ana mapepe huyo. hajatulia. naona mambo
mazuri yako. maTZQ n mapolisi wageni. gt changaa. mavi ya panya n. Nakwenda kwenye
starehe. matiti saa sita n. vyakula vizuri very nice. chuchu saa sita mapokopoko n
mapochopocho. Tule wali.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING with meaning
emptyheaded. Ninayatemea mate mapochopocho ya huko. matanuzi n . Q for the year .
delicacies Derived from SS mapochopocho delicacies Ninayatemea mate mapokopoko ya
huko. naona mavituz yako. punje. careless spending of money Semantic extension of
nominal derivation from SS tanua expand. Yule ana matiti yaliyochongoka. well prepared
dishes. jana tulikwenda klabu. Oya mshikaji. hajatulia. mambo mazuri nice things. La.
naughty Ohly a . ubwabwa mavitu n vitu vizuri. Nakwenda kwenye matanuzi. Mwone yule
msichana. Mcheki yule demu kifuani saa sita. ulabu mavituz n vitu vizuri. gt wenge upwards.
e. Hoya. tungi. utumiaji wa pesa kwa fujo . punga. hali ya kuringa. tukafanya matanuzi
makubwa sana. ana matiti mazuri yaliyochongoka. Huyo anahangaikahangaika. nice matters
Hybridisation composed of an irregular augmentative plural of SS vitu things plus SE plural
suffix. Mimi sinywi pombe za kienyeji. as to an imagined oclock marker on a watch
Hyperbolic metaphorical extension of SS saa sita oclock. extravagance . gt nyali.phr wali
cooked rice Dysphemistic metaphor based on similarity of form SS mavi ya panya faeces of
rats. jana tulienda klabu. gt maziwa saa sita. Matanuzi yana gharama kubwa. gt mavituz
mataputapu n pombe ya kienyeji locally brewed beer lt Probably metonymic extension of
transfer from Sheng mataputapu drugs in tablet form Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Extravagance is
expensive. mavi n matako buttocks Dysphemistic metonymic extension of SS mavi
excrements. Not common Anapovaa kiatu kipya huwa ana mashauzi. Also attested in older
Swahili slang Ohly a . MaTZQ walikucheki. Tufinye mavi ya panya. Hoya. hali ya kujikomba
boasting. Hadija ni mchangamfu kupita kiasi. starehe ya hali ya juu . usiwe na wasiwasi
Hadija mapepe kweli. Anapovaa kiatu kiypya huwa anaringa. nice matters Augmentative
plural of SS vitu things.phr matiti yaliyochongoka breasts of a form where the nipples direct .
Unamwona msichana. II Proud Vitu vile vile toka kwa mtu yule yule. usiwe na mzuka Rafiki.
tuliza mapepe. tulia. ingratiating os Derived from LyM jishaua boast. ana matako makubwa
kweli. ana mavi kweli. Mavitu ni yale yale toka kwa mtu yule yule. wanaoanza kazi ya upolisi
policemen who start working after having studied at police school Metonymic extension of
acronym based on Tanzanian codes of registration plates for cars where TZ refers to
Tanzania and the following letter to the year registration. Unamwona demu. mambo mazuri
nice things.. utumiaji wa pesa nyingi. Mimi sinywi pombe za mataputapu.g. anahitaji
kupepewa. La.
LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA gt mavitu mbumba n pesa money lt Mwanangu
nimekaukiwa mbumba. sina hela. basi. Ana pesa nyingi. staili ya kufanya mapenzi . Huyu
mama ana pesa za maandazi. in older Swahili slang attested as prostitute. Huyu maza ana
njoroge za maandazi. mgomvi. The word also features prominently in a cartoon about two
football teams quotBorn town vs Bush starsquot published in the magazine quotSaniquot.
chuchu saa sita mbabe n mtu mwenye mwili mkubwa na nguvu. mwanamke mother. gt fuba.
mbwa kachoka phr . mavumba n fedha money Dysphemistic extension of SS vumba bad
smell of fish. . uboka mbala n sarafu ya shilingi coin of TSh. country bumpkin Dysphemistic
extension of SE bush. mchalii n// mvulana. tofauti alternative Derivation of SS badala
substitute. stupid person Metaphorical extension of SS mbuzi goat. woman Ohly a . Yule
amenunua Toyota quotChaserquot yenye sehemu ya nyuma iliyoumbwa mviringo.
simpleton. mtemi big and strong man. neno la kumkashifu mwanamke kama malaya . .
expression quotthe dog is tiredquot. mbwiga n . gt mkwanja. njia nyingine. spoilt. Rafiki
yangu ana nguvu kuliko wote katika kundi letu. . Rare gt karume mbdala n/ namna nyingine.
Anatafuta njia kwa namna nyingine. fool . tyrant. Mimi ni mtu maskini. cowboy in movies and
TV shows. bwege . worthless. maza n mama. Mchalii nigee gamu yangu. Rafiki yangu ni
mbabe katika kundi letu. Mbwa kachoka ni tamu maziwa saa sita gt matiti saa sita. gt baluni
mbuzi n/ mtu asiye na uwezo mkubwa wa kufikiria dim. womaniser . aggressor Metonymic
extension of SS babe big healthy man. rafiki . girl. style of sex doggy style Metaphorical
extension of SS mbwa dog plus SS choka be tired. name to defame a woman as prostitute
Synecdochical extension of derivative of SS bovu bad. mtu kutoka kijijini person from a rural
area. Ana mavumba mengi. nipe dawa ya kelevya yangu. We si ni mbuzi tu Wewe mbuzi
toka hapa. Huyo ni mbovu sana. rotten. Unasemaje mbwiga Unasemaje rafiki gt boka.
kijana. motivation of unclear. mshiko. based on oval form of car. Yule amenunua mayai. dull.
. friend lt Probably derived from SS bwege. mtu anayependa sana wanawake . uchache
mbushi n/ mshamba. Rafiki nimeishiwa na pesa. mbovu n . gt bontaun mayai n Toyota
quotChaserquot yenye sehemu ya nyuma iliyoumbwa mviringo Toyota quotChaserquot with
rounded back Metaphorical extension of SS mayai eggs. vumba. young man. friend
Derivation from LyM chalii boy. poyoyo. mkwanja. rafiki boy. mtu maskini . in older Swahili
slang attested as babe stout Ohly a . woman Transfer from SE mother. young man. Mimi ni
mbwa kachoka. Phonological distortion of SS mbili two. mshono fulani wa gauni . Anatafuta
njia mbdala. ndula. mapene. mwanamume bila nguvu. Kijana. poor person . stile of dress .
uchache. sina hela. henpecked man. Huyo ni malaya sana.
kwanza mtu mwenyewe huna kitu tu wewe. intaneti internet Semantic extension of derivate
from SS dahili associate with a person. Official. bore. gt mshirika. Rafiki yangu amesafiri.
sharpen. mdebwezo n suruali zinazokaa kiunoni loosely fitting trousers.phr simu kubwa ya
mkononi aina ya Siemens C bigsized mobile phone. gari zuri . low cut trousers According to
informants derived from SS tepeta loosen. In KKS . mlegezo mdeo n/ kamera ya video video
camera Initial clipping of SE video plus class . gt dili. white man Ohly a . Usinibabaishe.
kwanza mtu mwenyewe mchovu tu wewe. . . in analogy to LyM kichaa. based on form.
based on the filed teeth of Mwl. chop. Bwana naomba usiniwekee mchongoma. papara.
Michongo yako vipi Mipango yako vipi Tulikula mchongo bwana. pressure lt . gun .
Usinizungushe. forge. Nataka kununua Siemens C kwa ajili ya kupigishia simu kibandani.
Nataka kununua mche wa sabuni kwa ajili ya kupigishia simu kibandani. Naona umetinga
tenge la mchonga. Leo Mwl. Dereva wa daladala aliondosha gari. also attested in Sheng
Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Nyerere kapanda ndege kwenda ulaya. confusion. Dereva wa daladala
alichomoa mchuma. Nyerere nickname of president Nyerere Dysphemistic antonomastic
extension of derivation of SS chonga carve. kata kei. Mchizi wangu amesafiri. prestigeous
car Metonymic extension of chuma iron plus class prefix. bunduki . ishu. Leo mchonga
kapanda pipa kwenda majuu. gozigozi. lt Mzee ruksa mdahalishi n mtandao. Rafiki yangu
amekuja. mtu asiye na pesa. gt kata kundu. Tulipata mpango wa kupata pesa. Hicho ni
kizuizi bwana.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING mche wa sabuni n. motivated
by colour. kigiza. Marafiki walivaa suruali za kulegeza. Machizi wameyeya zao. mchonga /
mzee mchonga n rais wa kwanza. Mwl. Masela walikula suruali za mdebwezo. friend Derived
from LyM chizi crazy. matters. Hiyo ni michongoma bwana. gt mshindi. foma limau mchongo
n/ mpango wa kupata pesa. The plural form of class . lazy person . Siemens C Metonymical
extension of SS mche wa sabuni bar of soap.. . mchuma n . mvivu . which is itself derived by
metonymic extension from SE cheese. . masela mchovu n . motivated by an attitude of
admiration. rafiki cool guy. machizi. haraka worries. tiresome person. Another possiblity is
metonymic extension based on derivation of older Swahili slang chizi European. Mtoto
wacha mchecheto Mtoto wacha kufanya mambo kwa papara mchongoma n/ kizuizi obstacle
Metonymical extension of SS mchongoma type of thorn shrub often used as a hedge. Naona
umevaa kitenge cha rais Nyerere. Bwana naomba usinwekee kizuizi. kiwingu mchizi n/ mtu
hodari. Marafiki wameondoka zao. mambo yasiyo halali project to get money. affairs illegal
Metaphorical semantic extension of SS chonga carve. njia za panya mchecheto n wasiwasi.
sb without money Semantic extension of SS mchovu person who soon becomes tired. Mchizi
wangu amekuja. gt bania. Nyerere. is a morphological relic which confirms the assumption
that mchizi is a secondary formation based on a precursor allocated to the singular class
possibly identical with Ohlys attestation. mtu asiye na kitu . kichaa.
phr kaa kimya stay silent when addressed Metonymic extension of SS meza swallow and SE
pin. gt piga mdeo Huyu bloo ni mento. Mdosi mwenyewe hana pesa. ngoma. mguu wa pepsi
n. Someone who has money can now buy himself a pistol at a shop. mbushi. friend
Dysphemistic extension of SS mentali crazy person. rafiki . Yule ni mshamba. Prof. Huyu
baba tajiri sana. kula jiwe mdingi n gt dingi mdosho n/ msichana mrembo beautiful girl.
expression beer leg. jifanya kutosikia. mguu wa bia n. guu la tende mdudu n ukimwi HIV.
kauka. Amekaa kimya. Mezea. Mzungu mwenyewe hana pesa. woman lt Nimeoa mdosho.
European lt Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga for meaning rich person. uliojazia
well shaped leg with full shin and slim ankle Metaphorical extension of SS bia bottle of beer
plus SS mguu leg. gt mguu wa soda. AIDS Euphemistic extension of SS mdudu insect. Juma
ni mdesaji. Mushi amenunua kamera kubwa ya video ya kisasa. nyamaza. Nilinyamaza tu.
Juma huwa anadanganya katika mitihani. Yule ni mgoroko. Mguu uliojazia ni mguu wa
kuvalia kimini. country bumpkin. guu la bia. bwana. kijana mwenye maisha ya chini .
Usiseme. Huyu dingi mdosi kweli. Old and common. Ana mdudu. Nimeoa mwanamke
mrembo. guu la soda. Jay Bahati ya kijana mwenye maisha ya chini.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA prefix to denote something powerful and big. kanyaga miwaya. mguu wa soda.
mdesaji n/ mtu ambaye anadanganya katika mitihani sb who cheats in exams Derivation
from LyM desa cheat in exams. mhindi. based on form. gt desa mezea v puuza. mguu wa
tende. Mtu mwenye pesa sasa anaweza kujipatia mguu wa kuku dukani. mzungu wealthy
person. Zali la mentali. mshamba. Oysterbay kuna wadosho. umeme. Amemeza pini. poor
youth .phr mguu mwembamba thin leg with well shaped ankle . gt chizi mento n/ mwenda
wazimu. mjombamjomba. bwana. so new to the city lt Said to be derived from LyM mgoroko
scrubs. Huyu jamaa hana akili. gt chuma mentali n/ .phr bastola pistol Dysphemistic
metaphoric extension of SS mguu leg and kuku hen. Mguu wa bia ni mguu wa kuvalia kimini.
mtu mpya mjini fool. mpumbavu crazy. stupid person Transfer from SE mental.phr mguu wa
mwanamke mwenye umbo mzuri. be quiet Metonymic extension of applicative derivation of
SS meza swallow. tulia play the ignorant fool. virusi mguu wa kuku n. Oysterbay kuna
warembo. Mushi amenunua mdeo wa kisasa. gt uchuna. gt kinabo. Nilimezea tu. gt feruzi. gt
kidosho mgoroko n mjinga. ngwengwe. based on the image of a turned up bottle of beer.
Indian businessman. Ana ukimwi. layman. gt chizi meza pini v. ugoroko mdosi n/ tajiri. shoti.
kausha.
Juma ni mgumu. Jana nilikuwa na Fatuma tukafanya mapenzi. gt mguu wa bia.UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Metaphorical extension of SS soda bottle of soft
drink plus SS mguu leg. Baada ya kupigana mateke nikawatoka. mambo ya ajabu silence.
mikuno n staili za kufanya mapenzi styles of sex Metonymic extension of SS mkuno
scratching. michosho tu. mikausho n kimya. Msanii yule kwa milazo ndiyo mwenyewe.
mingaro n nguo nzuri. considered as unattractive. bila kuingia kwa chini straight fat leg
without well shaped ankle. mtu anayesemekana kutopenda kufanya mapenzi so who does
not like to give away money. Milazo yake ni bab kubwa. Jana nilikuwa na Fatuma tukafanya
mikasi. za kisasa. Nilikwenda kwake lakini akanipotezea muda tu. shining clothes Metonymic
extension of derivation of SS ngaa shine. tupatie mistari ya kuimba. Refrain in song
quotMikasiquot by Bongo Fleva artist Ngwair . Juma alifanya mapenzi. Rafiki anafanya
mapenzi vizuri. Nilikwenda kwake lakini michosho tu. also mkiki struggling. Baada ya mikiki
mikiki nikawatoka. Mwaka huu sitaenda Nachingwea. Considered as less attractive than
mguu wa bia. mshiko. gt mguu wa bia. person who is said to dislike having sex Semantic
extension of SS mgumu sb who is hard. anapoteza muda tu. Yule rafiki ni mkimya na ana
mambo ya ajabu. mkwanja. Sometimes used in singular form mchuzi. Based on analogy .
sauce Pl. michosho n hali ya kupoteza muda wasting time Derived from SS chosha make
tired. grating. difficult. gt mapene. Jana nilipita mtaa wa Samora nikakutana na vibaka. gt
kausha mgumu n/ mtu ambaye hataki kutoa pesa. Hana mpango. uchache milazo n mistari
ya kuimba verses in singing Semantic extension of SS laza lay Haya tupe milazo. nguo
zinazongaa nice. Since s. Coined and popularised by the artist. Juma alikula mikasi. Mistari
yake ni mazuri kabisa. Huyu jamaa ana mikausho. sina michuzi. Mwaka huu sitakwenda
Nachingwea. Also attested in older Swahili slang for meaning rushing around Ohly a .
fashionble clothes.. mchuzi. mikiki n mateke kicks Transfer from SE kick.phr mguu mnene
ulionyooka. based on the image of a turned up bottle. tendo la ndoa sex Semantic extension
of SS mikasi scissors. older Swahili slang ngaa exhibit oneself and draw other peoples
attention Ohly mikasi n ngono. expression quotElephantiasis legquot. Haya. Yule ni
michosho tu. Cf. michuzi n pesa money Metaphorical extension of michuzi gravy. Huyu
jamaa ameamua kutosema. leg as if the person were sick with Elephantiasis Metonymic
extension of SS tende Elephantiasis plus mguu leg. Mshikaji anapiga mikuno ya ajabu.
astonishing things Metaphorical extension of SS kausha dry. Yule ananichosha tu. wrestling
Ohly a . nikakutana na vibaka. expression soft drink leg. mguu wa tende mguu wa tende n.
cf. now on decline. sina pesa. Yule mshikaji ni mikausho sana. Hana mpango. Jana nilipita
mtaa wa Samora. mguu wa soda between movements of scissors and movements of
copulating couple. Not common. Juma hapendi kufanya mapenzi. Msanii yule kwa mistari
ndiyo mwenyewe.
gt tungi mishemishe n hali ya kuhangaika. Leo nina mipango mikali. Amepata ukimwi. esp.
mdudu. ngwengwe.phr nyimbo ambazo hazikuimbwa kabla New songs. marijuana lt New in .
Amepata miwaya. umeme mitindo huru n. rafiki. the false story also melts when the lies are
discovered. Ah.Fresh. Nina mpango wa kupata pesa. utuimbie wimbo ambao haujaimbwa
kabla. umeme misheni tauni n mtu ambaye anafanya mipango ya kupata pesa. miyeyu n
uongo lies Metonymic extension based on SS yeyusha dissolve. Amekanyaga miwaya.
mipango. Muziki wa taarabu unaongoza kwa mingaro. Anapovuta huwa ana hali ya kulewa.
miyeyusho. . ulevi . nyenyere. . Abdalla ni mtu anayeishi kwa mipango ya kubahatisha. gt
feruzi. mihangaiko plans. Ameugua ukimwi. hasa bangi state of euphoria caused by drugs.
alcoholic drink . pombe . Mitikasi . gt ngoma. mdudu. Muziki wa taarabu unaongoza kwa
nguo zingaazo. jana nilikuwa mitungi sana. Nilipomweleza anipe pesa yangu akaniletea
miyeyusho. drunkenness Metonymic extension of SS mtungi clay water pot. ngoma. Hoya.
minyenyere n virusi za ukimwi HIVviruses Semantic extension of derivation of SS nyenyere
tiny black ant Demu wake amekwaa minyenyele. na mara nyingine si halali man who
engages in deals or projects which not always are straightforward to get money Transfer
from American slang. gt yeyusha misheni / mesheni n mpango plan. Cognitive motivation like
ice melts in the sun.Fresh. ngwengwe. Misheni yako vipi Mipango yako vipi mitikasi n
shughuli. projects gt Often in greetings. sitakuwepo nyumbani. msaada. Ah. Vipi mitikasi
yako mjani n bangi marijuana Metonymic extension of SS jani leaf gt majani. Ameshikwa na
miwaya. attested in older Swahili slang for the meaning beer Ohly a . Mambo . Ameugua
ukimwi. possibly also dysphemistic use of Swahili slang meaning illegal scheme. melt.
mishangashanga n hali ya kulewa inayoletwa na vilevi. Tulikunywa pombe ya kutosha.
Nilipomweleza anipe pesa yangu akanizungusha. nyasi mjengo n kitendo cha kufanywa
mapenzi kinyume cha maumbile anal sex . improvised singing of verses Calque from SE free
style. project Transfer from of SE mission. Demu wake amepata ukimwi. liquefy. Nina
misheni ya pesa. Tulipiga mitungi ya kutosha. Hoya. . Anapovuta huwa ana
mishangashanga. jana nililewa sana. gt stimu mitungi n/ . pilikapilika za maisha permanent
struggle lt Jana tulifanya mishemishe kupata mishiko Jana tulikuwa na pilikapilika za kupata
pesa miwaya n ukimwi AIDS Metaphorical cum metonymic extension of SS waya SE wire.
Abdalla ni misheni tauni. mtu wangu. .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA a . miwaya.
sitakuwepo nyumbani. minyenyele. gt pamba Vipi mipango yako Leo nina mitikasi mikali.
tuachie mitindo huru.
mgoroko. Yule bwana ni mshamba. ujombaujomba mkorogo n/ dawa ya kuchubua ngozi
local made bleach for making skin lighter Metonymic extension of SS mkorogo stirring. janta.
A passport has to be carried in a bag. passport Metonymic extension of SS mkoba bag. only
exceptionally used for women Onomastic synecdoche of SS mjita. gt kitimoto mkia wa mbuzi
n. mjombamjomba n mshamba anayejifanya anajua mambo layman pretending to know
things of the city life. Mshikaji anapigwa mjengo. ugoroko. mbio quickly. .phr nyama ya
nguruwe porc meat Hyperbolic euphemistic extension of SS mkuu head. John naona leo
amevaa tai ndefu. oppose. John naona leo amevaa tai yenye urefu wa wastani. bachelor.
very fast Hypothesis offered by informant Synecdochical extension based on SS kuku
chicken. wasiwasi problem . motivated by the way a chicken runs away from danger. the
player in front of the goalkeeper is the number five. The Wajita are said to be quotwatu
wenye fujoquot wild. fierce people Vipi mjita wangu Vipi rafiki yangu gt majita. pasipoti .
mbushi. Nitatafuta mkoba kwa safari. because a bag has to be carried in front and not behind
of a person. . Hakuna mukinga. mkinga. . based on the position of the people involved.
important person plus meza table. name of ethnic group in Mara Region. mtu ambaye hana
mke. he is called mkoba bag. Chukua mkoba tufunge safari. mkaskazini n msichana mrembo
beautiful girl.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Metonymic extension of SS
mjengo building. msela mkoba n/ . . ulimi wa mbwa mkuda n/ mbeya gossip lt Mbona mwana
ni mkuda wewe Mbona rafiki. apart from using the creams available in shops. Hakuna taabu.
Yule anaweka mkorogo. Haiko mkinga. Chukua pasipoti tufunge safari. Yule anatumia dawa
ya kuchubua ngozi. gt mkia wa ngombe. note of TSh. Nitatafuta pasipoti kwa safari. Rafiki
anafanywa mapenzi kinyume cha maumbile. mjita n mhuni. Not common. mtungo Semantic
extension of SS mkinga obstacle. number five . John naona leo kaninginiza mkia wa
ngombe. hata mwanamke mhuni wild youth. mixing. motivated by the local way to mix a
bleaching cream by using oil from transformers and other ingredients. Yule bwana ni
mjombamjomba. Hakuna wasiwasi. John naona leo kaninginiza mkia wa mbuzi. namba tano
. Yule msichana ni mrembo wangu. kwa kasi. barrier lt SS kinga ward off. Cognitive
motivation In football. wewe ni mbeya mkia wa ngombe n tai ndefu long tie Metaphorical
extension of SS mkia wa ngombe cows tail. country bumpkin Reduplication of SS mjomba
maternal uncle. noti ya shilingi . ulimi wa mbwa mkuku n/adv upesi. meshing. gt mshikaji.
obstruct. mukinga n taabu.phr tai tie Metaphorical extension of SS mkia wa mbuzi goats tail.
gt mkuu wa meza n. gt mkia wa ngombe. . Old. gt kinabo. woman Semantic extension of SS
kaskazini north Yule shori ni mkaskazini wangu. But note that there is SS mkuku keel of a
boat.
country bumpkin Semantic extension of SS messenger. Usinipe mikwara. Wewe ni
mlugaluga tu. . malaya woman easily laid. taarabu. Gari ilitoka mkuku. mlami n/ . Yupo mlami
mmoja jina Lorand kanigei dili kuwa atanigei cheser. Wewe acha kupiga mikwara. retention
of intervocalic l points to the origin in a Tanzanian Bantu language other than Swahili. .
Wazungu baada ya kukaa hapa Kurio wataondoka na ndege. since a layman may mix
Swahili with his mother tongue. rich person . baisikeli mbovu old and broken car. Juzi
wazungu walitokea nyumbani kwetu. Rare. Yule ni msichana wa Juma. Transfer to class .
Referring to girls initiation rites of the Zaramo. maneno ya kutishia threat. Sina mkwanja. Gari
ilitoka kwa kasi. gt bambataa. njooni muwaangalie . Another version offered by many
informants Semantic extension based on SS lugha language. Jamani. Yule ni mkwaju ngoma
wa Juma. SS lami asphalt Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . mtu maarufu sana.
Usinitishie. motorbike or bicycle lt Mkweche wake unakimbia huo. pikipiki. mlupo n/
mwanamke ambaye ni rahisi kumpata. mkulu n rais president Probably etymologically
related to SS kuu great. wazungu wamekuja. gt chimba biti mlume ndago n/ mwanamume
shupavu sana very strong and brave man Probably transfer from local language mlume man
plus SS ndago kind of weed which resists weeding Washikaji wa TMK ni walume ndago. .
njooni muwapige tochi . Luka amevaa suruali ya kulegeza. mlegezo and its variant
mlegesheo seem to have replaced former mlegesho. mkweche n/ gari. uchache mlugaluga
n/ mshamba layman. Wewe ni mshamba tu. . Watu wa TMK group of Bongo Fleva artists ni
wanaume shupavu sana. pesa money Metaphorical extension of SS kwanja slasher. . Yupo
mzungu mmoja jina Lorand kanieleza siri kuwa atanipa gari. native police. gt mapene. haja
kubwa. European Semantic extension based on derivation of . Wewe acha kututisha na
uwezo wako ni mdogo tu. tukunyema. mlegezo n suruali zinazokaa kiunoni loosely fitting
trousers Derivation based on SS legeza loosen. star. mbuzi hapa. ndmbolo. Walami baada
ya kupoa hapa Kurio watamotoa na pipa. Juzi walami walizuka maskani kwetu. walami
wamekuja. Sina pesa. verbal threat lt Since s. gt mporipori. kata kei. big. Rare. Yule ana
matako makubwa. mikwara n/ tishio. mzungu . Washikaji. tajiri . shuzi. wowowo mkwaju
ngoma n/ demu girl. mshiko. Gari lake bovu linakimbia. Yule ana mkundu. floozy lt Jana
klabu kulikuwa na milupo mingi sana. young woman Metaphorical extension of SS mkwaju
tamarind tree plus ngoma drum. mkundu n tako kubwa big behind Dysphemistic metonymic
extension of SS mkundu anus. Luka amevaa suruali ya mlegezo. wa kuja mkwara. Alitoka
upesi sana. gt kata kundu. mdebwezo mkwanja n/ fedha.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
Alitoka mkuku. . Jana klabu kulikuwa na wasichana wengi sana wanaopatikana kirahisi.
kijiti. be relieved Ohly a . mmeshapata vitu vizuri mrama adv vibaya badly Metaphorical
extension of SS mrama askew. stout.. Wazungu baada ya kukaa hapa Kurio wataondoka na
ndege. whet. gt mkuda. Ukiona mambo yanaenda mrama mpelekee mnyamwezi n/
mmarekani mwenye asili ya . mshapata mnyama Hoya. Usiwasikilize wambeya. Gwassa day
fulani kamotoa na mtutu. gt beche. tungi. wa kuja. pedeshee motoa v ondoka kwa gari au
ndege depart with motorvehicle Probably metonymic extension of SE motor. gt jinsi mporipori
n mshamba layman. fade. arusi free meal Metonymic extension of SS nusa smell. ganja.
kibosile. kwenye mazishi. Zungusha mneli huo. country bumpkin Metonymic extension based
on SS pori bush. Wewe ni bwege tu kwetu.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING
mnazi n pombe ya kienyeji aina ya tembo locally brewed palm wine Metonymic extension of
SS mnazi coconut palm. mpunga n wali cooked rice Synecdoche from SS mpunga rice plant.
mnyela n mjinga. majani. matanga. bwege henpecked man. mnoknok mpayuko n suruali
kutoka ulaya inayopayuka bleached jeans Metonymic extension of payuka bleach. Rare.
mnafiki . Leo tumekula mpunga. sigara. Wewe ni mnyela tu kwetu. mbeya . person having
money Metonymic extension of derivation of SS nene fat. marafiki. Rafiki yangu usiwe
mjinga. ubwabwa mnyama n kitu kizuri something nice Metaphorical extension of SS
mnyama animal. offcourse of vessel. based on form. the Nyamwezi as well as
AfroAmericans are perceived as being strong and big and as having money. mbushi. mtu
mwenye hela boss. Gwassa siku fulani kaondoka na pikipiki. yeboyebo mnuso n chakula cha
bure k. nia yao ni kutugombanisha. Leo tumekula wali. mlugaluga. Anachonganisha habari.
msokoto joint of marijuana. Mwone Mmarekani mwenye asili ya kiafrika yule. Dr. nonhusked
rice. nyasi kiafrika AfroAmerican Metonymic extension of SS mnyamwezi Nyamwezi.
selfrolled cigarette Metonymic extension of transfer from SE nail. related to older Swahili
slang nenepa be comforted. gt boka. Yule ni mkorofi kama nini. Old and common. Zungusha
sigara/bangi. gt mkuda. related to nokoa the second man in authority over a plantation
Amekuwa mwalimu wa nidhamu kutokana na kuwa mnoko. gossip Derivation of SS noa
sharpen. mnoknok n/ mbeya gossip Derivation of LyM mnoko Achana na wanoknok. gt
kinabo. mgoroko. mataputapu. gt changaa. nia yao ni kuvuruga. Mcheki mnyamwezi yule.
fool lt Rafiki yangu usiwe mnyela. mwadilifu. someone too strict . Walami baada ya kupoa
hapa Kurio watamotoa na pipa. mbwiga. Yule ni mnoko kama nini.v. ndula. poyoyo mnene n/
bosi. Both. tushirikiane kuvuta. ndumu. gt blanti. washikaji. Amekuwa mwalimu wa nidhamu
kutokana na kuwa mwadilifu. Hoya. gt mdosi. Dr. ulabu mneli n bangi. mnoko mnoko n/ .
Oya mshikaji. Mnaona. washikaji Habari gani. miwaya. . gt feruzi. soo. mdudu. Mimi ni
mwimbaji wa Bongo Fleva. Amepata ukimwi. njoo nikupe dili kiaina hapa chobi. mshikaji n .
mshika pembe n. Daudi anatumia wakati na mademu wasio wa kwake. . somebody
sodomised Ohly a . Mwizi yule ni msenge. Msala kishenzi kwao kama akigundulika. Amepata
msaada. rafiki mwanamume na hata mwanamke . Oya mshikaji. mtu ambaye hana
mke.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA barua hii kaka yangu. sheshe. Juma ni msanii. njoo
nikueleze siri kuhusu kitu fulani hapa pembeni. bachelor. The plural varies between wasela
and masela . gt kasheshe. . msela n// mhuni.quot This suggests the following semantic
development sailor gt bachelor gt wild and untamed youth. This term seems to be used by
academics only. tuliza mapepe. Mimi msanii kioo cha jamii.phr mwanamume asiye na
uhusiano wa kimapenzi na msichana lakini anasema kuwa ana uhusiano naye sb who
pretends to have a girlfriend Metaphorical extension of SS shika pembe hold horns. Used as
address between male youths. noma. mwimbaji wa Bongo Fleva . badala ya kuiba gari
anaiba embe. nancy. ngoma. close friend. wakati nasevu mapaparazi wakanifotoa picha.
swindler Euphemistic metonymic extension of SS msanii artist. msagaji n/ mwanamke
ambaye anafanya mapenzi na mwanamke mwenzake lesbian Semantic extension of SS
saga grind Also in KKS . marafiki Mnacheki. something problematic. tapeli . kioo cha jamii.
kizaazaa. The last meaning is also reflected in older Swahili slang sela hooligan Ohly a .
Mwizi yule ni mzembe. queen. In KKS . mtu ambaye anaishi kwa mipango midogo midogo .
zali mshakunaku n/ mbea gossip lt Yule ni mshakunaku kweli. . Yule ni mbea kweli. also
exceptionally used for women Metonymic extension of SE sailor. marafiki. or metonymic
extension of SS msela bachelor Raab b states that the word originates in English sailor
quotIn the elders Swahili a quotmselaquot is a bachelor. washikaji. mpenzi . Matatizo kupita
kiasi kwao kama akigundulika. shit Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS msala
toilette. homeboy. but in street slang a quotmselaquot is more like a teenager whos still got a
wild youthful energy. nyola msenge n/ shoga. Vipi msela wangu Vipi rafiki yangu msaada.
mwanamume ambaye anafanya mapenzi na wanaume wenzake homosexual man who
receives penetration lt Attested in older Swahili slang as senge lazy fellow. kimeo.
ngwengwe. Ukiona mambo yanaanza kuwa mabaya mpelekee barua hii kaka yangu. badala
ya kuiba gari anaiba embe. girlfriend Semantic extension of derivation of SS shika hold.
Daudi ni mshika pembe. person living on small deals . misaada n/ ukimwi AIDS Translation
of acronym SE AIDS in SS msaada. We rafiki yangu. tuliza haraka. . wakati nilipotoroka.
usiwe na wasiwasi mambo vipi. Juma ni tapeli. usiwe na mzuka Rafiki. nawa msanii n/ . hata
kwa mwanamke mhuni wild youth. lt shika pembe. female friend . msala n/ matatizo trouble.
mashine. lunatic . fanya kitu kwa pamoja . nyasi mtambo n . Wewe ni mtambo nini . We
unaenda kuchoma kwa mshua. Yule ni mtambo. Mshirika. Yule msichana hana aibu yo yote.
kichaa.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING waandishi wa habari wakanipiga
picha. opium lt gt ganja. shameless girl Semantic extension of SS mtambo big engine. Nina
pesa nyingi. twende pamoja bar tukapate vinywaji. Wewe ni taahira nini . tuondoke. . Baba
yangu ni mwelewa. gt mtungo msonge n/ daraja la quotAquot katika mtihani wa shule
division quotAquot in school exams Metonymic semantic extension of SS msonge circular
house. marafiki. Nina mshiko mwingi. kijiti. Yule ni mshumaa. kichaa. Washirika. Wewe
unakwenda kusema kwa baba. ndumu. Jamani. mnanitonya vipi kuhusu dili hili Sasa.
Tulikula chakula kwa pamoja jana. cognitive motivation based on its shape which resembles
a triangle. mshindi n/ simu kubwa ya mkononi bigsized cell phone Onomastic synecdoche of
brand namemshindi winner for a bar soap. masela. mkwanja. leo na njaa sana. participator
or SS shirika partnership. shoga gay man. gt mapene. group sex. Sasa. mapaparazi
watatuchukua foto. chakula. uchache msosi n chakula food Synecdochic extension based on
SE sauce. gt mshirika. Rose amefanya vizuri kwenye mtihani. masela mshua n baba. choko.
mshiko n fedha. attested in older Swahili slang with the meaning woman. kaka poa mshikaki
n . homosexual man Semantic extension of SS mshumaa candle. grab. mjani. ipo siku
tutavaa suruali za jinsi. friend Derivation of transfer from SE sure. Tulikula mshikaki jana.
majani. mche wa sabuni msuba n bangi Indian hemp. girl Ohly a . twende ukanipe ugali
Mshirika. Rafiki. twenzetu kivulini tukapate kilaji. mazeli mtanashati n mtu mwenye hali nzuri
ya maisha. mtu mtimilifu welloff person . taahira. mtu aliyezubaa . . rafiki father. zezeta. .
mnanieleza vipi kuhusu jambo hili Oya mshikaji. Rafiki yangu. Dingi wangu ni mshua. Very
common. Rose amefanya vizuri kwenye mtihani. gt anti. group rape Metonymic or
dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS mshikaki piece of meat roasted on a skewer. Eh
Nora ana bonge la mshindi Eh Nora ana simu ya mkononi kubwa sana gt foma limau.
anayefanya kila kitu bila aibu . tuishie. also mitambo for vagina Ohly a . jamaa close friend
Metonymic extension of mshirika partner. gt dingi mshumaa n/ msenge. pesa money
Metonymic extension based on SS shika hold. mechanism. cf. waandishi wa habari
watatupiga picha. . bwabwa. amepata daraja la A. marijuana. amepata msonge. ipo dei
tutawamba masuru ya jeans. Yule ni shoga. doing sth together . motor. gt mshikaji. kaya.
fanya mapenzi na mwanamke mmoja kwa wanaume wengi wakati mmoja . mad person.
msichana asiye na aibu yo yote. twenzetu kanigei dongo Rafiki. gt sometimeyessometimeno
mshirika n/ rafiki wa karibu. washikaji. leo na ubao kinoma.
. . big ship which was used by sailors to reach Europe illegally Metonymic extension of SS
mtemba pipe for tobacco. . . Dr. Shadafa ana simu ya mkononi. mobitel. network. sugar . Ah.
mobile phone net. Mambo yake ya kitishi. . ukimwi . Mambo yako mtibwa. interneti. person
behaving as a European Initial truncation of transfer from SE British plus classprefix m.
mobile phone . gt ganja. sweet.e. majani. European . Prior to this. Nipatie mtibwa.
Amemshika maziwa. Amemshika mtindi. mambo ya isidingo mtasha gt mtishi mtindi n
maziwa makubwa big breasts Dysphemisitc metonymic extension of SS mtindi sourmilk. sth
good. . tamu . kijiti. Mzungu amefika. there are also the variants mtashi and mtasha which
seem to be derived by internal vowel change. Akaenda kufanya mapenzi na msichana. .
attractive person Metonymic extension of transfer from SE show. gt balungi. mzungu .
mrembo goodlooking person. Ah. ndumu. . pretty girl Ohly a . Shadafa ana mtandao. Ukimwi
unaua watu. meli kubwa ambazo mabaharia walitumia kuzamia na kwenda nazo Ulaya . the
Government of the United Republic of Tanzania owned it. tikitimaji. Gnther telephoned Padre
Celestine by mobile phone. simu ya mkononi . siku hizi una simu ya mkononi. a plantation
and factory near Morogoro where this variety was produced. Watoto shoo. Cognitive
motivation for . also attested in older Swahili slang with meaning big penis Ohly a Akaenda
kumpiga mti msichana. fine Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of a sugar cane
variety which owes its name to quotMtibwa Sugar Estatequot. mtu mwenye tabia za kizungu
. Mambo yake ya kizungu. Marafiki walipanda meli na kuzamia Ulaya. sukari . sweetness.
ndege ya jeshi . Naona shosti. attested in older Swahili slang with the meaning desirable
woman. internet. Washikaji walikula mtemba na kuishia zao ughaibuni. funnel. gt debe.
nyonyo mtashi gt mtishi mtemba n . nido. Mambo yako mazuri. yule mwanamke ni mzuri
lakini ana bonge la mtindi. marijuana Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of the
Bongo Fleva musician Mtemba from the group TMK. mneli. Gnther alipiga mtandao kwa
Padre Celestino. . after TSI had bought the company. . . mti n/ mboo erect penis Metaphoric
extension of SS mti tree. kaya. mtemba temka TMK n. mama yake angeliwaita.phr mtu
mwenye umbo wa kuvutia. Mtishi amefika. AIDS Metaphoric extension based on tandaa be
spread out over a large area i. mtibwa n . . yule mwanamke ni mzuri lakini ana maziwa
makubwa. a plain. Dr.phr bangi Indian hemp. mtandao n . siku hizi una mtandao. zuri. jicho
la tatu. pipa mtishi n/ . who is said to smoke marijuana heavily. . Nipatie sukari. airforce plane
. nyasi mtoto shoo n. gt supa. Naona rafiki. Mtibwa Sugar Estate was handed over to
Tanzania Sugar Industries TSI in August. Mtandao unamaliza watu. kitu cha mawasiliano. .
.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Metonymic extension of SS welldressed person.
Dr. shoga homosexual man Euphemistic expression child of people. tungi. also attested in
varieties muvu and muven. Yule ana nyonga kubwa. Juma ni msenge. fanya mapenzi na
mwanamke mmoja kwa wanaume wengi wakati mmoja . Mpenzi wake amekunywa pombe.
girl whose parents are very strict Metonymic extension of SS kali fierce plus transfer from SE
gate. Leo kuna muvi poa sana tukalichekeshie. Acha uvivu. si rahisi kumchezea. .phr mwaga
mtu shutuma. quarrel. as sign of wealth . gt bastola. . mtoto wa geti n. Tulikula mtungo
jana.phr msenge. mustachi n ndevu za mdomo moustache Transfer from SE moustache.
Yule ana mvinyo. . uji wa leo ni mzuri. attested in older Swahili slang as muziki punishment
Ohly a . Gwassa day fulani kamotoa na mtutu. redio kubwa sana. fight Metaphoric extension
of SS muziki music and nene fat. expression pour out eyes. calumny Metaphorical extension
of SS mwaga pour . Yule ni mvivu. silaha mtu wangu n.phr . gt babu. better lt Oya. group
sex. Acha utoto wa mama. expression child of the fierce gate. mwaga macho v. . Tulikula
chakula kwa pamoja jana. gt oo mtoto wa geti kali. muvi n video video Metonymic extension
of SE movie. Mwogope yule jamaa. Yule ni mtoto wa mama.phr msichana ambaye kwao
analindwa sana. Leo kuna video nzuri sana tukaiangalie. . Gwassa siku fulani kaondoka na
pikipiki.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Watoto wenye umbo wa kuvutia. ana
hatari. mtoto wa watu n. stout. expression quotthick musicquot. Jay which has quotAmekuta
mpenzi wake akigonga mvinyoquot. ulabu mtutu n pikipiki motorbike Metonymic extension of
SS mtutu barrel of rifle. alama ya uwezo wa mtu .phr angalia sana stare Metaphorical
extension of SS mwaga pour out and macho eyes. Yule ana muziki mnene. Attrested in
Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . beer Synecdochical extension of SS mvinyo wine. slander.
group rape Metonymic extension of SS tunga string. Oya. gt anti. gt changaa. mtoto wa
mama n. pistol. Popularised through a song by Prof. . msichana anayefungiwa ndani girl that
is being guarded strictly by her parents. bunduki. Dr. big radio. muziki mnene n. mshikaji. gt
mshikaki mvinyo n pombe ya aina yo yote alcoholic drink. mwana mtungo n . afadhali good.
Mpenzi wake amegonga mvinyo. paka shutuma mbaya put blame on sb. baba askofu. do sth
together . mukide adj mzuri.phr mtu mvivu na ambaye si mhuni lazy person who is not a
hooligan Dysphemistic expression mothers child. Yule an redio kubwa sana. fanya kitu kwa
pamoja . poa mwaga mtu kinyesi v. muziki wake ni mnene. sumu ya leo ni mukide. gt shega.
Mwogope yule jamaa. choko mvinyo n nyonga kubwa large hips Metaphorical extension of
SS mvinyo wine. popularised by the song quotMtoto wa Geti kaliquot of the Bongo Fleva
group Gangwe Mobb. ugomvi . mama yake angeliwaita.phr rafiki yangu my friend
Synecdochical extension of SS mtu wangu my man. based on the form of a quotMateus
rosquot winebottle. Juma ni mtoto wa watu.
Nilieleza jambo wakakubali. . unamcheki huyo bwege Hoya mwana. gt zama.Safi tu.
Mwanangu nimwagie nyeti.phr toa habari za muhimu. Mwanaapolo amefia shimoni. Vipi.
mwana. nguo safi . quick. delicate matters. e. mwana mzee ruksa n. rafiki yangu. ndula.
kimbieni Mapolisi wengi wanapita nyumbani. mwake adj safi. In older Swahili slang Apolo is
attested with the meaning menstruation. simulia diffuse sensitive news Metaphorical
extension of SS mwaga pour plus SS nyeti concerning sensitive. mwela n/ polisi. Jamani.
mambo chelea pina. Unasemaje mwanagu Unasemaje rafiki yangu mwanaapolo n/ mzamiaji
chini ya mgodi person who works unofficially in a mine as helper. unamwona huyo bwege gt
mshikaji. mzee. kachala. Jana mlitaka kummwaga mtu kinyesi. amefika bila mwaliko. niko
Apolo I have my monthlies Ohly a .phr rafiki friend Synecdochical extension of SS
mwanangu my child. mwaga sera v. The unofficial worker died in the mine. Jana mlitaka
kumpaka mtu shutuma mbaya. based on the shape of mango trees with many branches and
twigs. mazee. ni mzamiaji. Ipo siku fulani polisi walinijia kutaka niwape bangi ili wanichukue
gerezani. zuri nice lt Maria mambo yake mwake kabisa. In song Mikasi by Ngwair.Hapana.
mwenye kusikia raha cheerful person Metonymic extension of SS epesi light. mwepesi n/
mtu mchangamfu. He is going deep into the mine. Kisha mzee najipulizia marashi. Tuliza
boli. askari. Used as address. zamia mwanangu n. mwana n rafiki yangu my friend
Synecdochical extension of SS mwana child. msela. Vipi. nguo ni safi . Yaani rafiki sasa
wewe una raha. ndata.Hapana. Metaphorical expression based on US space programme
quotApolloquot. elder. of those who dive for coins in harbours when passenger ships are in.
mzee n rafiki friend Synecdoche of SS mzee old man. mwembe n nywele nyingi au afro thick
hair or Afrolook Metaphorical extension of SS mwembe mango tree. chomokeni Mamwela
kibao wanakatiza maskani. Hoya mwana. Since . njagu mwaga nyeti v. gt mshikaji. Mwembe
wako unavuta kinoma Nywele zako nyingi zinapendeza sana. mambo mazuri sana. kichaa
wangu mzamiaji n/ mtu ambaye amefika mahali au katika tukio bila mwaliko au kibali sb who
comes to a place or event without invitation Metaphorical extension of SS mzamiaji diver by
profession. Maria mambo yake safi kabisa. gt kapelo.phr eleza kwa ufasaha explain clearly
Metonymic extension of SK mwaga pour out plus sera policy Nilimwaga sera wakakubali.
expression quotpour out faeces on sbquot. mshirika.phr rais Ali Hassan Mwinyi nickname of
President Ali Hassan Mwinyi . Ipo dei fulani mamwela walinijia kutaka niwagee ganja ili
wanisobe rupangoo. msela. Yaani babu sasa ni mwepesi.Mwake tu. Kisha rafiki najipulizia
marashi. Subiri.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA out plus kinyesi faeces. Rafiki niambie
habari za muhimu.g. Yule amealikwa hapa . Yule amealikwa hapa . afande police lt
Washikaji. expression quotastronaut in the Apollo programmequot.
who earn a little money by calling passengers to a daladala. Grace ana umbo la nane. Ugali
wa leo mbaya sana. There is also a saying quotmbumbumbum . boasting man Semantic
extension of SS mkogo showing off. Hoya cheki namba nane ile. Wanaokamatwa mara
nyingi ni watumiaji wadogo na si wazungu wa unga. Wanaokamatwa mara nyingi ni
watumiaji wadogo na si wauza madawa ya kulevya. Attested in older Swahili slang with the
meaning intelligence officer Ohly a . mgeni.phr mtu mwenye maringo proud. namba kumi n.
mzee wa busara n.mzungu wa reli. Yule ana maringo. witch Euphemistic extension of SS
mzee old person and busara wisdom. usiwe na mzuka Rafiki. gt dona. usiwe na wasiwasi
Nina mzuka kwenda kwenye muziki. Mimi napenda wasichana wenye kiuno chembamba.
namba sita n.phr umbo la msichana anayevutia. Mzee wa mikogo Juma amepita.
Mwanamke mwenyewe ana umbo kama namba kumi. is the older meaning. mpumbavu .
mkubwa wa wapiga debe daladala . is connected to the daladala subculture and denotes the
young men. ghost. hamu . tuliza mapepe. desire . dongo. namba nane n. Nina hamu kwenda
kwenye muziki.phr umbo la mtu ambao kwa chini ni mnene na kwa juu ni mwembamba
shape of body with fat lower part and slim mzungu wa unga n/ muzaji mkubwa wa . doing
tricks. Juma anayependa sifa amepita. It denoted people who came from up country or far
away to Dar es Salaam by train. Nafaka ya leo noma sana. white man which in LyM has the
connotation quotmtu mwenye hali ya juuquot person who is welloff plus metonymic extension
of SS unga flour meaning drugs in form of white powder. Grace ana kiuno chembamba.quot .
also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . also used in gender / as zungu la unga.
Mwanamke mwenyewe ni wa namba kumi. based on president Mwinyis politics of
liberalisation. mshamba.phr umbo la mwanamke mnene kuanzia juu hadi chini shape of a fat
woman with flat forms Metaphorical extension of SS namba kumi number ten based on form
of the number . Wale wazungu wa reli wanapiga debe. madawa ya kulevya big drug dealer
Expression based on metonymic extension of SS mzungu European. worry .phr mchawi
sorcerer. gt gagula mzee wa mikogo n. ari . wasiwasi . Mimi napenda wasichana wenye
umbo la namba nane. often said to be drug users. spirit. nafaka n ugali porrridge
Synecdochical extension of SS nafaka cereals. stranger. Lorand leo katinga bonge la mzula.
Yule ni mzee wa mikogo. countrybumpkin. fool . sembe mzuka n . mzungu wa reli n.UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Dysphemistic antonomastic extension of derivation
of SS ruhusa permission. nafaka. mzula n kofia cap Derived from older Swahili slang form
meaning fez Ohly a . nguna. Lorand leo kavaa kofia kubwa. They get a small share by the
daladala personnel. moral Metonymic extension of SS mzuka sudden apparition. Mwangalie
msichana mwenye umbo la kuvutia.phr . mwanamke mwenye kiuno chembamba shape of a
beautiful girl with wasp waist Metaphorical extension of SS namba nane number eight based
on form of the number . popup. leader of the daladala cryers . Oya mshikaji. display. tuliza
haraka.
nata v ringa kwa kudharau boast by looking down on sth or sb Dysphemistic metaphorical
extension of SS nata stick. Nimenawa mtihani. Kesho mimi mwenyewe nitakuwepo
nyumbani.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA upper part Metaphorical extension of SS
namba sita number six based on form of the number . gt ado ado ndina adv ndani. nari n
moto kwa ajili ya kuwasha sigara fire to light a cigarette Metonymic extension of SS nari fire.
naye adv safi nice. namba tisa n. Juma ana ndita kila wakati.phr umbo la mtu ambao kwa
chini ni mwembamba na kwa juu ni mnene shape of body with slim lower part and fat upper
part Metaphorical extension of SS namba tisa number nine based on form of the number .
Naomba moto niwashe sigara. based on the cultural script of washing hands as a prelude to
eating. kiatu kikubwa . thingummy. Mapolisi wamemkamata. Alitembea narenare. soksi nawa
v kutofaulu fail Elliptical metonymic extension of SS nawa wash hands. gt kinari ndinga n/
gari kubwa. Jamaa kanawa mikono. old. lori big car.Safi ndata n/ askari wa polisi policeman
lt Mandata wamembamba. lorry lt Also attested in Sheng as car Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Acha
kufanya mambo taratibu. Juma anakasirika kila wakati. Naomba nari niwashe sigara. gt
mwela. Alitembea taratibu. Colloquial. Sikufaulu mtihani. njagu narenare adv taratibu.
nyumbani in.Naye Mtihani vipi . and common. used as a dummy for any noun or verb. big
head . kichwa kikubwa . Yule ana nduki. inside. . ndomu n/ kondom condome Initial
truncation of SE condome. ndita n hasira lt Probably ellipsis of SS kunja ndita frown. Misheni
yangu imenawa. Oya kamata ndinga hiyo. agh. lakini hutakula NHT You might touch me. but
you will not sleep with me spoken by a girl to her lover. pilaa. Utanawa. Mtihani vipi . nanii n/v
neno lisilo na maana na liwezalo kutumika badala ya neno lolote lile. wakati wa kutafuta
neno halisi whatsit. big shoe Metaphorical extension of SS ndonga stick with a round knot on
one side. progressing Ohly a . kwa uzembe slowly lt Acha kufanya narenare. at home
Metathesis of SS ndani inside. Mary ananata sana. gt buti. Mpango wangu haukufaulu
Sikufanikiwa. ndula. Jamaa hakufaulu. nduki n/ nyonga kubwa large hips Initial clipping of
LyM quotbundukiquot large hips. In older Swahili slang with opposite meaning amenawa he
is clever. nawa in this context refers to petting and fondling. he is ndonga n/ . Since eating
metaphorically refers to sexual intercourse. Hutafaulu. well Semantic extension of SS naye
with him/her. Mary anaringa sana. Oya panda lori hiyo. Unanawa. doodah Probably derived
from SS nani who. Kesho mimi mwenyewe ndina. In Sheng attested as nare match stick
Mbaabu amp Nzuga .
Yaani umependeza. big and expensive shoes. wowowo ngenga n/ shaka doubt lt Haina
ngenga. Ndula wanakuja kila saa. careless person Metonymic extension of LyM ndula police.
motivated by the fences of screen wire surrounding prisons. hasa quotSafari Lagerquot beer.
shuzi. Lorand leo katinga bonge la ndula. ugali lt Obsolete. ganja. poyoyo ngama n chakula
kizuri. gt bandapanda. mbwiga. motivated by the low level of education of police in former
times. ndata. shimoni. gt maji ya dhahabu. Rafiki yangu usiwe mjinga. kibinda. mjani. broken
thing.caus pendezesha. fool. gt mapene. Rafiki yangu usiwe ndula. alisababisha nikamatwe
na polisi. opium lt gt kijiti. lakuchumpa. mzembe simpleton. ulabu ngarangara n/ kitu kibovu.
ndumilakuwili n kigeugeu fickle. haja kubwa. Yule ni ndula sana. Achana na vitu vibovu
hivyo. gt msosi ngano n bia. nenepa kisimba v. njagu of the lions body with a broad front.
gereza prison Metonymic extension of SE net. unstable.phr nenepa kwa juu have a big chest
Metaphorical extension of SS nenepa grow fat and simba lion. please. Mary amenenepa
kifuani. in which buttockmovements are prominent. ugali nice food. gleam. Lorand leo kavaa
kiatu kikubwa. mkwanja. gt yesa ndula n kiatu kikubwa na ya bei ghali kinachopendwa na
vijana. esp. wave to and fro Hyperbolic extension of reduplication of SS nesa bend. beat Gari
lilikuwa linanesanesa kinoma. Haina shaka. ngarisha v. uchache ndmbolo n matako
makubwa fat buttocks Metonymy based on a highly eroticised dance style originating in Zaire
called quotNDomboloquot. mjinga. quotSafari Lagerquot Synecdochical extension of SS
ngano wheat. Wewe ni ndumilakuwili tu.bunduk. . Mapolisi wanakuja kila saa. pistol. look
good Metaphorical extension of derivation of SS ngara shine. gozi.UTA REUSTERJAHN
amp ROLAND KIELING Yule ana hips kubwa. Alinilengesha Yule ni mzembe sana. msuba
ngawila n fedha. gt mwela. based on the form ngeta n/ kabari wedge lt Alipigwa ngeta na
masela jana. wayward person lt Onomastic synecdoche of character in cartoon whose name
is Ndumilakuwili. tukunyema. pesa money lt Nipe ngawila zangu. gt bastola. mkundu. Yaani
umengarisha babu. nesanesa v yumbayumba have good suspension car. Nipe pesa zangu.
ndumu n/ bangi Indian hemp. mvinyo ndula n// polisi police Metonymic extension of LyM
ndula boots. buti. liked by young people. gt bambataa. gt boka. taarabu. Wewe ni kigeugeu
tu. Gari lilikuwa linayumbayumba sana. lupango ndula n bwege. pendeza cause to please.
tungi. worn car or bus lt Achana na ngarangara hizo. tumba neti n jela. gari au basi bovu
bovu bad. hata na wasichana boots. gt sero / selo. silaha. marijuana. even girls lt Also
attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Mary amenenepa kisimba.
attested for older Swahili slang with the meanings vagina and generative power hana ngoma
he is impotent. . Umemwona msichana mzuri. Motivation for . . Mimi niko hodari sana hapa. .
hasa kwa fimbo beat. buti. manjagu wakawa ngunguri. where skin meets skin . based on the
concept of a cow being milked. miwaya. cattle. in piga ngoma copulate Ohly a . miwaya.
Umepima ngoma . msichana. . dance. Mimi niko ngngari kinoma hapa. rafiki. Leo kuna ugali
kwa maharage. minyenyele. dongo. AIDS . in response to CUF Katika uchaguzi uliopita CUF
walisema wakitaka kutudhulumu. jana tulikamua ngombe. . jana tulimtoza pesa mtu mwenye
pesa. gozi. sisi ni ngngari. Umevaa ngozi mpya . Sexual act. Msichana wangu yule. Marafiki.
bandapanda. shoe Metonymic extension of SS ngozi skin. emaciated Ah. jinsi . suru . dona.
umeme ngudongudo n pesa money lt Oya mshikaji nigee ngudongudo We. Shoes are made
of skin. girl. njoo tu. IM . ngwengwe. Kaweka ngozi. Anaumwa na ngoma. dula. Baba yule
ana ukimwi. state of being fit Coinage of party CUF during election campain in . gun . Baba
yule ana ngwengwe. Mwenzetu amepatikana na ukimwi. ngngari n kitu au mtu imara tough.
mdudu. . gt . nipe pesa nguna n/ ugali porrridge lt Leo kuna nguna na mandondo. woman
.Yule alikuwa mpenzi wa Mudi. msaada. Jeans are like a second skin . Umevaa jinsi mpya .
mwanamke . Wana. bunduki . lakuchumpa. gt feruzi. Ile ilikuwa ngozi ya Mudi. Alikufa kwa
ngoma. Ohly a . shori .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Alipigwa kabari na vijana jana.
brave person Coinage of Police leader during election campain in . gt bondo. sholi. Baada ya
wao kuwa ngangari. motivation unclear. ngoma. Kavaa viatu. ngwengwe n ukimwi AIDS
Derived from SS ngwea become thin. sembe ngurumbili n/ mtu. girl Metaphorical extension
of SS ngoma drum. tumba ngeukia v umia be hurt lt Amengeukia Ameumia ngoma n . and in
hamna ngoma be without a girl woman Ohly . strong. brave person. umeme ngombe n mtu
mwenye pesa anayekabwa na wahuni person who has money and is getting pinned down by
hooligans Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS ngombe cow. Umepima ukimwi . . .
Alikufa kwa ukimwi. Popularised by Bongo Fleva song quotNgangariquot Gangwe Mobb . . .
mwenzetu amepatikana na ngwengwe. minyenyele. rafiki ngnguri n kitu au mtu imara tough
person. gamba. . gt feruzi. Baada ya wao kuwa watu wenye msimamo. njoo tu. Umeiona
ngozi ya kutosha babu . mdudu. Ah. Huwezi kumdhibiti mtu. Anaumwa na ukimwi. mapolisi
wakawa wakali. binadamu human being lt Huwezi kumdhibiti ngurumbili. gt ngnguri ngota v
piga. kiatu . Ngoma yangu yule. msichana . strong. especially with a stick lt gt lamba njiti
ngozi n/ . jeans . ukimwi .
so avoid him Jamaa ameninokolaizi kwa bosi wangu. miss Metonymic extension of transfer
from SE no Semantic extension of SS noa sharpen In KKS .g. gt ngngari unofficial route.
Also in Kihore .phr njia zisizo halali . sengenya. mwela. njago. manjagu wakawa ngunguri.
fusion and semantic extension njia za panya n. Anakunywa sana nipa. Amepata pasipoti kwa
njia zisizo halali. tikitimaji. gt chonga. Huyu bloo ni kichomi tena mnokolaize sevuni. Utakosa.
unofficial procedure Metaphorical extension of SS njia way and panya rat. gt machozi ya
simba. askari police officer lt In the presence of policemen the kinyume variety gonja would
be chosen to veil the meaning in a more effective way. Asha ana matiti makubwa. supu ya
mawe njoroge n fedha za chuma silver money. baunsa. Rare. matatizo. Zikatuibukia njemba
njemba flani. Anakunywa sana gongo. nipa n pombe kali haramu. njagu n/ polisi. nido n/
matiti makubwa big breasts Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of the milk powder
quotNidoquot. ndata. Manido yake yamezidi. Baada ya wao kuwa watu wenye msimamo.
Njoroge is also a frequent name in Kenya. hatari bad. pakaza njemba njemba n. nokolaizi v/n
kueleza jambo hata siri. Baada ya wao kuwa ngangari. Huyu maza ana njoroge za
maandazi. snitch on sb Derivation of LyM mnoko one who gives secrets away. Jamaa
amenisemea kwa mkubwa wangu. kasheshe. basi sisi tuko ngnguri. Huyu mama ana pesa
za maandazi. miraba minne big strong man. This bloke is a pest and a telltale. AMepata
pasipoti kwa njia za panya. Mapolisi watakuja. njiapanda ya Ulaya n. Tukakutana na watu
fulani wenye miili mikubwa. e. shame. singizia tell secrets. slander. balaa. Manjago
watakuja.phr mtu mwenye mwili mkubwa na mwenye nguvu. extended by a verbalising suffix
laize laizi shaped after the English model. expression ways of rats. Old. Akanilamba njiti sita.
gt mtindi. Asha ana nido. Akanipiga fimbo sita. balungi njiti n/ fimbo stick Derivation of jiti big
stick. Utanoa. Kinachotukera ni mtindo wa yule askari kukamata watu ovyo. coins lt There
might be an etymological link to SS njugu groundnuts via another Bantu language. gt kapelo.
ndula noa v kosa fail. verbalise.quot Motivation unclear. gt baunsa noma n/ aibu. kusemea
kwa mkubwa.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Inspekta jenerali wa polisi
akajibu quotKama mko ngngari. manjagu wakawa wakali. bouncer Onomastic synecdoche of
Zambian football player Njemba Njemba. calumniate. soni. maji makali. trouble Semantic
extension of SS noma working chit as proof that one was working or reduction. Matiti yake ni
makubwa kupita kiasi.phr barabara kubwa ya kuelekea uwanja wa ndege Dar es Salaam the
main road from town to the airport of Dar es Salaam Antonomastic extension of SS
njiapanda crossroads and ulaya Europe. gongo locally and illegally destilled liquor gt
Attested in older Swahili slang with the meaning kind of local beer Ohly a . Huyu njagu
anasemaje Huyu polisi anasemaje Kinachotukera ni mtindo wa yule njago kukamata watu
ovyo.
gubeli. Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . gt shuzi nyambizi n . Mwanamke
mnene yule ana umbo mzuri kupita kiasi. Wacha tule wali. fat person. roho ya kwanini nyali n
wali cooked rice Plural of SS wali cooked rice. ntimanyongo n roho mbaya unkindness
Metonymic extension of ntima heart from a Bantu language other than Swahili plus SS
nyongo bile. nusu kilo n. stop it.phr mvulana asiyepata mke man who doesnt get a wife
Metaphoric extension of SS nanasi pineapple. Du washikaji. mtu mnene na ameambukizwa
na ukimwi .phr shilingi shillings Semantic extension of SS nusu half and SE kilo. based on
the image of a mango fruit which has fallen from a tree and starts rotting as a worthless
thing. attractive and dangerous. It is frequently used as a single word utterance for the
purpose of saying leave it. half with the ancestral spiritsquot. fisi . gt dege la jeshi. gt roho ya
korosho. Niko nusu peponi nusu kuzimu. or transfer from Se normal According to Bertoncini
cited after Bhme originating in the name of a currency used as payment in a plantation in
colonial times to bind workers to that plantation. man. hais. Also attested in older Swahili
slang Ohly a . Amepata matatizo makubwa sana. nothing Ohly a . alasiri. punga. The line is
Wanaume wazuri wazuri wameoa. kasheshe nil. tinginya nunga embe n. nunga nanasi n. gt
skendo. nyeto. Since . shangingi. nothing Ohly a .phr hali wanayojisikia watu wanaotumia
madawa ya kulevya drug intoxication Metaphorical expression half in heaven. ubwabwa
nundu n matako makubwa big behind Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS nundu
hump. mwanamke aliyejaaliwa maungo ya nyuma . pini. wamebaki manunga nanasi
wanahangaika. Jana nilikutana na nyambizi mmoja kituo cha basi. punje. Coined and
popularized by Bongo Fleva lyrics quotWanawake wazuri wazuri wameolewa. jimama.
Manunga nanasi is a reply to manunga embe in Bongo Fleva music. Nyambizi yule ana
bonge la figa. gt mavi ya panya. wamebaki manunga embe wanahangaika. Angalia matako
makubwa yale. lady with big buttocks . First part of phraseme might be related to older
Swahili slang nunge nyanga n/ shilingi shillings lt Older Swahili slang has nyangule money
Ohly a . hamwoni aibu kuzunguka chumbani Soo bloo. ubeche. wacha noma Hapana kaka.
Niko nimelewa madawa. usilete balaa Amepata bonge la noma. mwanamke asiyeolewa
woman who doesnt get a husband Metaphoric extension of SS embe mango. Cheki nundu
lile. Jana nilikuona na bonge la nyambizi.phr mwanamke ambaye hapati mume. hamwoni
noma kuvinjari getoni La jamani. gt kilo nusu peponi nusu kuzimu n.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA of SE no. Jana nilikuona na mwanamke mnene sana. gt jiti. Wacha tufinye nyali.
Jana katika kituo cha basi nilikutana na mwanamke mnene ambaye labda ameambukizwa
na ukimwi.quot The first part of the phraseme might be related to older Swahili slang nunge
nil. because she or he might be infected by AIDS Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS
nyambizi submarine.
Kituoni tulikuwa watu nyomi. minyenyele. jiti. nyanyasa. Amechonga vizuri ikawa oo. gt
bana. gt mdudu. Nyoka wangu mbabaishaji.. msaada. Mwenzetu yuko jela sasa. gt deiwaka
nyola n/ ukimwi AIDS lt Ana nyola yule. gt swekwa lupango nyonyo n/ maziwa makubwa big
breasts Dysphemisitc metonymic extension of SS nyonya suck. The term started to be used
in mines. From there the concept was transferred to any work. gt blant nyomi n/ shilingi
shillings lt nyomi n wingi plentiness Modification of SS nomi abundance. cheo cha chini
kabisa . labourer who is new in a certain unofficial workplace Metaphorical dysphemistic
extension of SS nyoka snake. gt lumbesa. Ana ukimwi yule. bati. grass Calque of English
slang grass SS nyasi grass. pant skirt lt Metaphorical extension of SS nyanya tomato seems
to be involved. nyenyele n virusi za ukimwi HIVViruses Metaphorical extension of SS
nyenyere tiny black ant Angalia usije ukavamie nyenyere.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp
ROLAND KIELING nyanya puza n. Nyoka wangu msanii. Especially used by daladala
personnel. shazi nyea debe v. Nipige nyento. nyenyere. creep after or SS nyanyasa treat
disrespectfully Neologism by BAKITA. mtu anayefanya kazi ya kibarua na katika sehemu ya
kazi hiyo yeye ni mgeni na wa . Nipe shilingi .phr suruali inayoishia chini ya magoti na iliyo
pana wide trousers ending below the knees. Mshikaji amenyea debe saa hizi. unofficial
worker who helps in mines . raise up and SS paa roof of hut or blend with SS nyapa stalk
after. Juma ameshakula nyasi yake. Yule ana maziwa makubwa. tokota nyento n/ sarafu ya
shilingi coin of TSh. stigmatise sb especially AIDS patients Metaphoric extension of SS
nyanya cause to be prominent. ngoma nyasi n/ bangi weed.phr wekwa jela be in prison
Metonymic extension of SS kunya shit and debe tin. nyenyere. Juma ameshavuta bangi
yake. Juma ametulia. put out. gt pensi nyanya nyanyapaa v tenga. doma. pini nyunyu n
harufu ya bangi scent of a joint Euphemisitc extension of SS nyunyu drizzle. hais. but
especially daladala buses. Kituoni tulikuwa watu wengi. Juma amenyuti. mtindi. expression
shit in the tin. ngoma. nyoka n . protrude. gt alasiri. Amenyoa vizuri ikawa na umbo la O. Hili
nyunyu mh Hii harufu ya bangi ni nzuri. gt balungi. miwaya. In KKS . umeme nyuti v tulia
calm down. gt mdudu. Angalia usije ukapate virusi vya ukimwi. tikitimaji. . msaidizi wa kazi
katika mgodi . nido nyemka v kosea err lt gt chemka. where those people dig in the deepest
parts. carefully. Yule ana manyonyo. egesha oo n ndevu za mdomo zenye umbo la
quotOquot moustache Iconic motivation based on its form as a circle surrounding the mouth.
settle down Derivation from SS nyuti slowly. epuka mtu kwa dharau hasa mwenye ukimwi
avoid. nyanga.
stare Semantic extension of SS osha wash. Umeopoa demu. Nafanya biashara ya palma.
mbona kulikuwa na vurugu kubwa. get a girl Metaphoric extension of SS opoa take out. Sani
Baada ya kumaliza kupiga muziki ndipo alipoendelea kuimba wimbo mwingine. Nipe za
kuopoa. Nimepagawa kweli. ishia.caus changanya confuse Metaphoric extension of SS
pagaa be possessed by an evil spirit. Toka hapa. save. . .caus fanya mapenzi enjoy.
Nimechanganyikiwa kweli. gt pagawa opoa demu v. ona . . ni muuza madawa ya kulevya tu
yule. Rafiki yangu. Umepata msichana. pafomu v cheza. ni pablo tu yule. toa kiwingu v. .
weka tuta We dereva. Njoo kuosha kioo Come and watch the video palichimbika v. niondolee
kiwingu kiaina aina. Ah Wapi. sleep with a girl in the house of the man . Mwanangu.pass
changanyikiwa be confused Metaphoric extension of SS pagaa be possessed by an evil
spirit. pagawa v. mpaka akili haifanyi kazi. run away Metaphoric extension based on SS
uwingu cloud plus toa take away. Twende tukaoshe Twende tufanye mapenzi pailoti n/
dereva driver Metonymic extension of SE pilot.phr . get Euphemistic extension of SS opoa
take out. Unanipagaisha. kutazama. gt timua.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA gt
mustachi ondoa kiwingu. mpaka akili haifanyi kazi. look at. . pata msichana . Nimekuona
ukienda gesti na msichana. iba . Nimekuopoa ukienda gesti na msichana. steal . simamisha
gari osha kioo v kuangalia. palma n kokeni cocaine Metonymic extension of LyM palma hat
worn by drug sellers. Oya pailoti. kustarehe watch. pagaisha v. chomoa name
quotPabloquot. igiza. Rafiki yangu kuna binti pale amenipagaisha kweli. rescue. . save.
based on the name of the Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar killed .phr ondoka make off.
Ah Wapi. Nipe za kuiba. Toka hapa. derived from SS ogelea take a bath.phr kulikuwa na
vurugu kubwa there was a big quarrel Metaphorical extension of SS chimba dig. opoa v .
Since . kuna binti pale ananichanganya kweli. make love Semantic extension of SS osha
wash. gt pagaisha osha v. lala na msichana nyumbani kwa mwanamume . Baada ya
kumaliza kupafomu ndipo alipoendelea kuvunja traki nyingine. Nafanya biashara ya kokeni.
remove a magic spell or LyM opoa steal plus LyM demu girl. Mwanangu. uondoke.
Unanichanganya. osha macho v.phr kuangalia. gt bwimbwi pablo n muuza madawa drug
dealer Probably onomastic synecdoche of Spanish pamba n/adj . Umeopoa demu. pata . .
mbona palichimbika. kutazama watch. Anaosha macho. He is staring. see . a similar
extension is attested in older Swahili slang ogelea copulate Ohly a . onyesha perform
Transfer from SE perform. look at Semantic extension of SS osha wash. nguo zinazoenda na
wakati . Umepata msichana.
. mdudu. Attested in older Swahili slang for the meaning explain Ohly a . waandishi wa
habari wakanipiga picha.caus kula au kuvuta kitu fulani. gt chizi. whose scapulae are
prominent and visible. Mnacheki. pata shorti v. e. . wakati nilipotoroka. Rafiki umevaa vizuri
na uko maridadi. mouse. . . based on appearance of a wasted person. panki n/ . Mnaona.phr
piga mtu vibaya sana beat sb up Metonymic extension of punch sb like in prison. Amepata
shoti. fashionable clothes . tuondoke. Amevaa pamba. gt mnoko pasha v. marijuana. wakati
nasevu mapaparazi wakanifotoa picha. umepanda daladala pamba sana. mwandishi wa
habari kwa ujumla. chenye fasheni . Tulikula zetu panya na kuingia kati. the image is linked
to SE short circuit. onja eat or consume something. esp.phr pata ukimwi get infected with
HIV Metaphorical extension of SS pata get and transfer from SE short. type. . umepanda
daladala nzuri na ya kisasa. even photographer . based on the image of head with angular
haircut which is flat at the top. gt dungu pasua mangumi ya jela v. haisi small bus. sare draw
lt Gemu ya jana ilikuwa patulo. sth nice and fashionable Metonymic extension of SS pamba
cotton. patulo n suluhu. hata mpiga picha . ngwengwe. Tulipanda daladala ndogo
tulipokwenda mjini. Amevaa nguo nzuri na za bei ya juu sana. Toyota Hiace Metaphorical
extension of SS panya rat. punk style of haircut . rise. Kuna wengine walionyoa nywele kwa
mtindo wa quotpankiquot. Pasha pombe Kunywa pombe Pasha fegi Vuta sigara Njoo
tupashe Njoo tuvute bangi pandisha kenchi v. denouncer Dysphemistic extension of SE lt
Italian paparazzi. Ah. waandishi wa habari watatupiga picha. gt mingaro panda kichizi v.
washikaji. . mnoko . gt klintoni. attractive Transfer from SE personally Mshikaji yaani
umetoka pasnali. as is the case with people suffering from AIDS or TB. ngoma pasnali adj
maridadi smart. panya n/ daladala ndogo. Kuna wengine walionyoa panki. kanyaga miwaya.
kitu chenye sehemu ya juu ya mraba . gt umeme. He/She has been infected with HIV.
therefore extension to anything which has a flat top. Jamani. go up and substandard Swahili
chizi crook. Amevaa pamba nyepesi. Washirika.phr umwa na ukimwi suffer from AIDS
Metaphorical extension of SS pandisha lift and transfer from SE quench. Ah. tuishie. edged
top Transfer from SE punk. paparazi n/ . kichizi journalist. mapaparazi watatuchukua foto.phr
kuja juu kwa kasi get quickly angry Semantic extension of SS panda climb. hasa bangi.
Amevaa nguo nzuri ya kisasa. anything with a flat. marafiki.phr lala na msichana sleep with a
girl Metonymic extension of SS pata get and SS blanketi blanket. cause to have. . aina ya
unyoaji wa nywele wenye sehemu ya juu ya mraba . certain kinds of busses. taste Semantic
extension of SS pasha cause to get.g.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING kitu
kizuri. kosovo pata blanketi v.
piga bushoke n lala chini katika sakafu sleep on the floor Onomastic synecdoche from name
of musician. ukileta ujinga nitakufanyia ugomvi. Marafiki mnalala chini katika sakafu kwa
sababu ya ufinyu wa nafasi za kulala. kimbia go away. spy Semantic extension of SS kula
eat.phr . origin of chasi unclear. sleep with a girl . ondoka . piga chabo v. Oya. Nimempiga
bao demu fulani jana usiku. We rafiki.phr suruali inayoishia katika au kidogo chini ya magoti
na iliyo pana wide trousers ending below the knees. knock. Not common. beat sb to it .
chungulia mtu kwa kumwangalia peep. score. piga v kupa give Semantic extension of SS
piga beat. chomoa. nyanya puza pensi nyanya n.phr ondoka. or SS peponi in heaven.phr
chungulia vitu visivyomhusu mtu. Nimefanya mapenzi na msichana fulani jana usiku. gari
simamishwa na trafiki . jikata. mdosi. anzisha ugomvi start a fight.phr fanya ugomvi. boss.
mtu anayependa kupendeza . spy out quotthrough the keyholequot lt gt kula chabo piga
chasi v. . peleleza mtu. jisanzua. cheat Semantic extension of SS kula eat and augmentative
derivation of SS bao goal. Obsolete. toa manii . timua. Metonymic extension of SE pound.
tia. Toka hapa. bwana.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Mchezo wa jana ulikuwa suluhu.
basi Unipe shilingi mia piga bao v. . toa kiwingu. pant skirt Transfer from SE pants plus SS
nyanya tomato. Mvulana aliyevaa suruali ya kupanuka mapajani alionekana kana kwamba ni
msichana aliyevaa pensi nyanya gt pedo pusha. . . Nilimpiga bao akanipa fedha. danganya .
Amepiga bunda. . person having money . nyanya puza piga bunda v. shinda. zidi . gt anza.
Msichana wake amefanya mapenzi na mwanamume mwingine. We mshikaji. who sang a
song about a man who was mistreated by his wife and had to sleep on the floor. Naondoka.
mnene piga beto v. . kipa. gt kibosile. fanya mapenzi . mcheki pedeshee yule. . bosi. Napiga
bao. motivated by form. Nipige na mia. . pedo pusha n. Oya mwone mtu tajiri yule. tambaa.
lala mbele. yeya peponi adv. chungulia dirishani. Demu wake amepigwa bao na mwanaume
mwingine. jiachia. person who likes to please Transfer from French abbreviation PDG
prsident directeur gnral. ishia. defeat.n loc kiwanja cha ndege airport Metonymic extension of
SS pepo strong wind. win . gt pensi nyanya. kumwahi mtu kitu . pedeshee n . Gari limepigwa
bao na trafiki . fight Expression composed of SS piga hit plus adaption of SE battle. Masela
mnapiga bushoke. bundle. Amekimbia. Gari limesimamishwa pembeni na trafiki.phr
chungulia vitu visivyomhusu mtu. kula bunda. kuwaangalia watu kwa kificho peep. Piga
bunda. zidi kete paundi n/ sarafu ya shilingi coin of TSh. bwana. Nilimdanganya akanipa
fedha. timka. ukileta za kuleta nakupiga beto. mtu mwenye hela . ejaculate . funga goli. car
get stopped by trafficpolice . go away .phr suruali ya kike inayoishia chini ya magoti na isiyo
pana sana / long trousers for women which are not loose Transfer from SE pedal pusher. gt
kaza. . . run away Metaphorical extension of SS piga hit plus SS bunda bale. winds.
wear a bra Metaphorical extension of SS piga beat. piga chabo. piga tochi. put things in their
proper place Toka. Also attested in older piga fleva v. esp. kupa mtu msaada .
Amewaangalia watu kwa kificho. Alipiga chini.phr tongoza flirt with a girl . Waliponiuliza
kuhusu ishu ya fedha mimi nilipiga kimya. .phr kunywa pombe. kula jiwe. kamba piga kona v.
kula romansi French kissing. piga chini vphr . cadge for. In KKS with meaning . vaa sidiria .
gt bomu. kataa mtu . Amenipiga kwa kiwiko. Yule amevaa sidiria.phr fanya mapenzi nje ya
ndoa have extramarital sex Metaphorical extension of colloquial expression hit the corner.
Toka. kunywa ulevi drink alcohol Metaphorical extension of SS piga beat. Nitakupiga jeki.
kula chabo Metonymic extension of SS piga hit and transfer from SE flavour.phr kumpiga
mtu kwa kiwiko hit sb with elbow Metonymic extension of Pepsi Cola. piga jeki v. In . kauka.
tazamia kwa mbali peep. Waliponiuliza kuhusu swala la fedha mimi nilinyamaza kabisa.
mezea. piga kimya v. Amenipiga kipepsi. beat plus kimya silence. twende. . piga maji v. . hit
plus maji water. mikausho piga denda v. tuangalie vizuri toka mbali. piga deo. . Yule
amenipiga kirungu.phr .phr acha mlo kwa sababu ya bajeti finyu go without meal for lack of
money Semantic extension of SS kula eat plus SE dash. . omba pesa beg from someone.phr
nyamaza kabisa kuhusu jambo fulani be silent Semantic extension of SS piga hit. kula mdeo
v. help sb . . gt denda piga kipepsi v. Hoya. fall down . money. piga mzinga. Ngoja
nimwombe pesa Mzee Hassani. . Hoya. Ngoja nimpige kirungu Mzee Hassani. piga deo.
jamaa wa virungu piga desh v. piga mdeo. chungulia vitu visivyomhusu mtu . nyonya ulimi.
dysphemistic extension like a jack is used for lifting cars. . Alimpiga chini. Mshikaji alimpiga
denda demu wake. gt kula chabo. Yule ameniomba hela. tuache. tule mdeo kwa chati hapa.
gt funga makamba. Acha kupiga chasi Acha kuangalia watu kwa kificho gt kula chasi. hit plus
jeki jack. Nitakusaidia. based on form of bottleneck. deep kissing Metonymic extension of SS
piga hit and denda saliva.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Amepiga chasi.
anguka . meaning turn direction. sema uwongo. ask for money Hyperbolic semantic
extension of SS piga kirungu hit with a club. unatudanganya tu. piga debe v. Rafiki amempa
quotdeep kissquot mpenzi wake.phr omba vibaya. piga tochi piga kirungu v. .phr ongopa.
piga fiksi v.phr . Yule kapiga jeki yule. gt kausha. a bra is used for lifting breasts. look from
far like zooming Metonymic extension of SS piga beat plus truncation of SE video.phr kupa
busu mdomoni. Alianguka.phr tangaza kwa nguvu announce energetically Metaphorical
extension of SS piga hit plus debe tin. . Alimkataa. unatupiga fiksi tu. forbid sb Metaphorical
extension of SS piga hit and chini down. sponge. cheat Euphemistic metaphorical extension
of LyM expression quotpiga fiksiquot tidy up. Yule baba anapiga kona sana. danganya tell
lies.
esp. .phr piga punyeto masturbate male Initial clipping of SS punyeto act of masturbation
male Mshikaji acha kupiga nyeto. naomba sigara nivute kidogo. nimekalukwa.phr kumtolea
mtu maneno ya kejeli ambayo yanaweza kuwa ya kweli au siyo mock at sb Metaphorical
extension of SS piga hit plus kijembe little hoe. gt maji piga mdeo gt piga deo make love.
Rafiki. nigee fegi nipige pafu moja. piga nao v. The phrase cannot be used in family
context.phr fanya mapenzi wanaume piga tarumbeta v. Yule amenipiga mzinga. preferred
among young men for boasting purposes. sleep with a woman Metonymic extension of SS
piga goli shoot a goal.phr . .phr piga punyeto masturbate male Terminal clipping plus
suffixing ri of SS punyeto act of masturbation male Mshikaji acha kupiga puri. Alimpiga mti.
cadge for. wakaagana. referring to uume penis plus SS piga beat. piga kirungu. vuta sigara .
Also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . gt piga puri piga pafu v. piga mtu bao v.
wakaagana. piga miti v. gt chapa nao. yaani umetoka kupiga miti Hoya. Nilipitia kilabuni
nikanywa vifundo viwili vya pombe. piga nyeto v.phr fanya mapenzi make love. take a puff .
fanya mapenzi na mwanamke defeat sb. piga bao piga mti. Nilipitia kilabuni nikapiga pafu
mbili za kinywaji. have sex men Pronominal form nao. beat quothit a storyquot. acha kupiga
punyeto. ask for money Hyperbolic semantic extension of SS piga mzinga fire a cannon.
yaani unatoka kufanya mapenzi gt piga bao. There is no passive pigwa mti. John
alianguka.phr . kunywa kutoka . Yule anapiga sana maji. have sex Metaphorical extension of
SS piga hit plus mti tree colloquial for erect penis. .phr shinda mtu. piga mtu kijembe v. mti
piga ndonga v. Yule ni mcheza ndondi. acha kupiga punyeto. money. sponge. omba pesa
beg from someone. Shetani amekupiga bao. Punguza kufanya naye mapenzi kila siku.phr
cheza ndondi box lt Yule ni mpiga ndonga. Rafiki. Hoya.phr simulia habari tell a story.
Shetani amekushinda.phr omba. gt bomu. jamaa wa virungu piga stori v. John alipiga
mweleka. hit. Jamaa. . Yule ameniomba hela. gt lamba mweleka piga soo gt soo piga
mzinga v.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Swahili slang Ohly a . Yule anakunywa sana
pombe. nimeishiwa. tell stories Transfer from SE story plus semantic extension of SS piga
hit. gt piga nyeto piga mweleka v. piga puri v. Alifanya mapenzi naye.phr anguka fall down
Metonymic extension of SS piga hit plus mweleka wrestle. Hawakupiga stori nyingi. take a
few gulps of beer Semantic extension of SS kula eat and SS pafu lung or SE puff . Punguza
kumpiga nao kila siku. Mshikaji. Hawakuzungumza sana. kunywa pombe kwa vifundo
vichache.
tosa pilau n/ filamu ya X. pigia debe v. Joy amepigilia nguo safi. nyanga. Yule kapigilia glasi.
gt piga debe pina n/adj zuri. Demu yuko pina. Nimeachwa. play and tarumbeta trumpet.
Mambo yangu siyo mazuri. gt hais.phr tapeliwa. uawa. tinga pini n/ shilingi TSh Semantic
extension based on the augmentative of SS mpini shaft or handle for inserting tool or SE pin
Naomba pini. Nimeenda bichi nikakutana na mtu mfupi sana. gt rosti. Umetoka safi. and LyM
buti boot. Umetoka pina. Yule amevaa miwani. nyento. sambaza habari ambazo hazimhusu
mtu . ibiwa be cheated. sista P pigana vibuti v. drink from the bottle . Wamepigana vibuti.
leave one another Dysphemistic extension of SS pigana hit one another plus LyM vibuti little
boots. beautiful. rhythm of music . pigwa buti v. mabaga. jiti. Also attested for older Swahili
slang as pimbi shortstatured person Ohly a .phr achana separate. Nimepigika.phr achwa be
abandoned Metaphorical extension of SS pigwa be hit . Mbona unanipiga tochi.
Wameachana. Nimeenda bichi nikakutana na pimbi. well. Msichana ni mzuri sana. Mbona
unaniangalia sana.phr angalia have a look at. Nimepigwa buti. alasiri pini.phr kuwa na
mambo yasiyo mazuri be bad. be robbed Semantic extension of SS piga beat plus derivation
of SS bao goal. bila bilauri . beautiful girl. be tricked. gt kula nguo. stare at Hyperbolic
metaphoric extension of SS piga hit plus SE torch.phr tangazia kitu fulani make sth known.
Naomba shilingi mia. gossip Metaphorical extension of SS piga hit. mdundo wa muziki .
kalukwa pinda n.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING kwenye chupa. young
woman Metonymic extension of transfer from SE pin. Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp
Nzuga . msichana mzuri . gt macho balbu pimbi n/ mtu mfupi short person lt Probably
invented by the newspaper quotSaniquot. gt bluu piga tochi v. gt emoro. or semantic
extension based on the augmentative of SS mpini shaft or handle for inserting tool Pini
yangu matata sana. Xrated movie Metaphorical extension of SS pilau. mpini n . advertise
Metonymic extension of SS piga debe hit the tin Wanaipigia debe pombe ya Malta Guiness.
Msichana wangu mzuri matata sana. gtpigana vibuti. danganywa. Nimeishiwa pesa. Nilikuwa
nimeangalia pilau. Nilikuwa nimeangalia filamu ya X. pigilia v. pigwa bao v. pigika v ishiwa
pesa run out of money Metaphorical semantic extension of stative derivation of SS piga beat.
Joy amevaa nguo nzuri. develop in negative way of affairs Metaphorical extension of SS
pinda bend. Cognitive motivaton not clear. Nimepinda.appl vaa wear Hyperbolic
metaphorical extension of SS piga hit. uzuri nice. filamu iliyopiwa marafuku. Wanaitangazia
pombe ya Malta Guiness. beauty Probably derived from the LyM phrase chelea pina nice.
Yule ana nyonga kubwa. Leo kuna video nzuri sana tukaiangalie.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA gt gashi pipa n/ . Msiba wa mama ulisababisha nipoteze kitumbua changu. Leo
umeongea wazi.Nzuri Leo kuna muvi poa sana tukalichekeshie. kujichoma sindano za
madawa ya kulevya ni vibaya. nice.phr wazi to the point Semantic extension of transfer from
SE point and SS tupu unmixed. Ellipsis of quotpoteza maishaquot lose ones life. Ifungue
haraka barua yako tulione pochi alilokutumia. Predominantly used in greetings as a standard
reply to hali vipi. Wazungu baada ya kukaa hapa Kurio wataondoka na ndege. Wazungu
baada ya kukaa hapa Kurio wataondoka na ndege. Leo raisi kapanda ndege kwenda ulaya.
aeroplane for passengers Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS pipa barrel.caus .
airforce plane . bwege henpecked husband. mere. poa adv. pause Semanticopragmatic
extension of SS poa cool down. die Metaphorical extension of SS poteza lose. . In Sheng
pointifaiv is attested with the same meaning Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Hoya unapoteza bwana.
Mungu akujalie safari nzuri. Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . guzzle Probably
derived from LyM mapochopocho nice food. Nilifanya uzembe nikapoteza kazi yangu. calque
on SE cool. Walami baada ya kupoa hapa Kurio watamotoa na pipa. . mtafariki. pistol n
nyonga kubwa large hips Metaphorical extension of transfer from SE pistol. gt buti. Ifungue
haraka barua yako tuzione fedha za noti alizokutumia. Hali vipi . fool . pochoa v kula sana
eat very much. byee poteza v. mjinga. meaning /. ndomu pointi tano n. Huelewi. poyoyo n/
mwanamume bila nguvu.Poa Hali vipi . kufa. Marafiki. Vijana wanakula poda sana. motivated
by form of holster worn on hips in quotcowboystylequot. ndege ya abiria . Nilifanya uzembe
nikapoteza kitumbua changu. gt jichana poda n/ madawa ya kulevya drugs Metonymic
extension of transfer from SE powder. . cask. misunderstand . ndege ya jeshi . kutoelewa .
Jana tumekula sana. Yule ana pistol. Sasa kesho napanda ndege kwenda ulaya. bwana.
bunduki. Jana tumepochoa sana.phr poteza kazi lose a job Metaphorical of SS poteza lose
and kitumbua rice cake. Vijana wanatumia sana madawa ya kulevya. Msiba wa mama
ulisababisha nipoteze kazi yangu.phr chotara half cast Transfer from English point five. rest.
Walami baada ya kupoa hapa Kurio watamotoa na pipa.adj nzuri cool. mvinyo pointi tupu n.
gt baridi. . poteza kitumbua v. silaha. fariki . pira n kondomu condome Metonymic extension
of augmentative of SS mpira rubber. Leo mchonga kapanda pipa kwenda majuu. gt bastola.
Sasa tomorrow nakwea pipa kwenda majuu. good Metaphoric extension of SS poa cool
down. poa v kaa stay. In . soksi. Godi akujalie safari poa. pochi n fedha za noti paper money
Metonymic extension of SS pochi purse. expression lose the rice cake. Washikaji kujidunga
ni noma mnapoteza bure. Leo umeongea pointi tupu. joto. calm down. tub.
pupwe n kiyoyozi airconditioner Hyperbolic extension based on augmentative of SS kipupwe
cold season. speak . . promota n/ . Hoya rafiki yangu acha kwenda ovyo. nyali. someone
who beeps with mobile phone . Kwa nini ulipiga simu ukakata . Yule ni punguani. punguwani
n// taahira fool Semantic extension of SS pungua be reduced. promoter at the radio . raba
mtoni n. Western country. gt mavi ya panya. rapu v zungumza sana speak a lot. Nipoze
bwana. ubwabwa poza v. Ah. . Ana viatu kutoka nje. ubwabwa rapu v gomba quarrel
Metonymic extension of transfer from English rap. Wacha tule wali. gt mtambo. puyanga v
enda visivyo be unsteady. punje. Ukipata propoza ya kuuza viatu vipya toka bandarini sawa.
punga. Mapoyoyo ndio waliwao. halafu anakata kabla hujajibu. trainers Metonymic extension
of SS raba trainers and mtoni Europe. Anayekubipi ndiye promota. ubeche. nyali. attested in
older Swahili slang for the meaning go away Ohly a . Semantic extension of SE promoter.
Mama amegomba sana leo. mnyela. gt simpo punga n wali cooked rice Hyperbolic extension
of SS mpunga unhusked rice. Wacha tufinye punje. danganya lie. cold weather. Ana raba
mtoni. huyu ni mtu ambaye anataka nimpigie simu. gt boka. cheat Metaphoric extension of
SS pwaga grind. pound. pusha n/ mwuza bangi marijuana dealer Transfer from SE
pusher.caus kupa hela kidogo help sb with money Metaphorical extension from SS poza
cool. ptabo n mwanamke mwenye umbo dogo zuri woman with small figure Metaphorical
extension of transfer from SE portable. Kwa nini umekuwa promota . Nipe hela kidogo.
Mama karapu leo. II quotpromota anabeepquot. based on the image of cooling the hot state
caused by any kind of irritation. based on the song of Mr. Ah. ndula Yule ni taahira. pwaga v
toa uongo. Anayekupigia simu. gt mavi ya panya. Siku hizi Asha ana umbo dogo zuri. In
older Swahili slang attested with the meaning gruel Ohly a . In older Swahili slang attested
with the meaning gruel Ohly . Tufinye punga. Wajinga ndio waliwao. Tule wali. .UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING lt Rafiki yangu usiwe poyoyo. Rafiki yangu usiwe
mjinga. ndiye promota. bribe Ohly a . It is okay if you get illegal traffic to sell shoes from the
port. sometimeyessometimeno punje n wali cooked rice Metonymic extension of SS punje
grain. ubeche. erratic lt Hoya mtu wangu acha kupuyanga kama kuku.phr viatu kutoka nje ya
Tanzania imported shoes. promota huyu. mbwiga. Siku hizi Asha ni portabo. . mtu ambaye
anapiga na kukata simu ya mkononi . promota redioni . Usinipwage Usinidanganye propoza
n/ biashara marufuku illegal traffic Semantic extension of SE propose Attested in older
Swahili slang for the meaning contraband.
A tightfisted person is conceived as one who asks quotwhy should I give youquot Yule ana
roho ya korosho. hasa wa rafiki .phr roho mbaya. knock. Mwanasiasa anaongea sana
huyo.phr cheza muziki ya aina yo yote dance to music no matter which kind of music
Hyperbolic extension of SS ruka fly. Niliuendea ukumbi wa kuruka majoka. roho ya chuma n.
gt roho ya korosho. pigika. uawa. Mwanasiasa anarap huyo.phr mtu ambaye anazungumza
sana. msema ovyo. Rasta ya mtindo wa Awilo. Jamaa yule. Maggy kidogo alikuwa na roho
ya chuma. dont tell him secrets. gt roho ya korosho redio mbao n. boast . a small but durable
and affordable radio for the rural population with a wooden corpus. he cant keep them.
hawezi kuficha siri person who talks a lot and who cant keep a secret Onomastic
synecdoche of SS redio mbao quotRadio wood. BBC rosti v ishiwa hela be broke. Tumeruka
majoka.phr roho ngumu hardheartedness Metaphorical extension of SS roho soul plus SS
chuma iron. in analogy to derivation of SS gongo from gonga hit. tabia ya kutopenda kutoa
cho chote tightfisted behaviour. jump plus augmentative joka very big snake. because of its
wooden corpus. jidai. is a public holiday quotPeasants Dayquot. denoting the habit of stingy
persons to ask quotWhy should I give you somethingquot Yule ana roho ya kwa nini.
mabaga redio saba saba n. Rastafari Awilo. usimwambie siri. tembea na mume mtu.
Niliuendea ukumbi wa kucheza dansi. rusha roho v. BBC rosto gt arosto ruka majoka v.
Maggy kidogo alikuwa na roho ngumu. That guy. hawezi kuficha siri someone who talks a lot
and cant keep a secret Onomastic synecdoche of SS redio saba saba. tabia ya kutopenda
kutoa cho chote tightfisted behaviour. roho ya kwa nini rungu n gongo kind of hard liquor
Metaphorical hyperbolic extension of SS rungu club. msema ovyo. quotSaba sabaquot .
hook sbs husband roho ya korosho n. July th. hardhearted behaviour Metonymic extension
of SS roho soul plus kwa nini why. Nimerosti. or quotroastedquot or even quotlostquot.
cashew nut. ringa . taarabu ya kisasa yenye midundo ya kasi na lugha wazi isiyo na
mafumbo . Probably motivated by the bodymovements in dancing.phr roho mbaya. alluding
to its quick and powerful effects. kalukwa. Yule hataki kutoa cho chote.phr mtu ambaye
anazungumza sana. he cant keep them. gt roho ya kwa nini rastafari n mtindo wa kusuka
nywele aina ya rasta rasta hairstyle Transfer plus truncation of SE rastafari. modern taarabu
with faster beats and open language . Yule hataki kutoa cho chote. a small but durable and
affordable radio for the rural population. based on the similarity in form between a cashew
nut and a question mark. yule ni redio mbao.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA nonstop
Metaphorical extension of English rap. hardhearted behaviour Metaphorical extension of SS
korosho . have no money Metaphoric extension of SE rust. usimwambie siri. yule ni redio
saba saba.phr . Jamaa yule. gt redio saba saba. in the s. in the s. roho ya kwa nini n. dont
tell him secrets. Nimeishiwa hela. That guy. also called quotredio mbaoquot. Tumecheza
muziki. gt arosto. gt redio mbao.
Jane alimvulia nguo Juma.phr mtu. Nilimsevu. Sasambua ya kicheni pati ya jana ilikuwa ya
nguvu. Nataka kuzamia sauzi nikatafute maisha. Alimsarandia mtalii mpaka akafanikiwa
kupata dili. including clothes. Nilimsaidia. referring to the fat figure representing the trade
mark. sauz / saus n Afrika kusini South Africa Elliptic use derived from SE South Africa.
statue plus trade mark quotMichelinquot. gt sarandia v fuatilia jambo kwa bidii mpaka
kulipata follow up an issue seriously Metonymic extension of transfer from SE surround.
serikali ya mseto n. gt bondo. Nimeimba kwa mtiririko kwenye huo wimbo. not only one.
nguna sanzuka v ondoka go away lt Ikifika saa saba tutasanzuka. kimbia. Nimesafiri humo
kwenye hilo traki. Toka hapo sasa. . neti. jail Transfer from SE cell Walimpeleka selo juzi.
Nilimsarandia demu mpaka akakubali. . ni serikali ya mseto au mpitoquot. Nilimfuatilia demu
mpaka akakubali. dongo. Jane alimsaulia nguo Juma. save sth or sb . run away Transfer
from SE save. kisha wakafanya mapenzi. ondoka. sero. . sanamu la michelini n. Also
attested in older Swahili slang with meaning stiff porridge Ohly a . . kisha wakafanya
mapenzi. Nataka niende Afrika Kusini bila kibali. hifadhi kitu. selo n jela.Degera explains
quothii hapa ina maana kwamba msichana ambaye hufanya mapenzi na kila mtu kwa fedha
malaya leo huyu kesho yule. Nice on his album quotBahatiquot. saidia mtu . safiri v imba kwa
mtiririko sing Metaphorical extension of SS safiri travel. .phr tabia za malaya promiscuous
behaviour Metaphoric extension of SS serikali ya mseto coalition government. sasambua v
vua nguo au onyesha sehemu ya mwili mbele ya watu strip off clothes Onomastic
synecdoche of name of one part of the wedding celebrations. Nikasanzuka zangu. hana
shepu nzuri person woman without taille Metaphoric extension of SS sanamu figure. Also
song of Mr. gereza prison. gt bondeni sembe n ugali wa mahindi yaliyokobolewa porrridge
made of maize flour from husked maize Metonymic extension of SS sembe maize flour.
shimoni sevu v . Alimfuatilia mtalii mpaka akafanikiwa kumpeleka mahali. dona.UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING Metaphorical extension of SS rusha throw and SS
roho soul. nikatafute maisha. Nguo zinasasambuliwa. toroka . saula v vua nguo undress lt
Also in Kihore . Nikaondoka zangu. Kuonyesha zawadi katika kicheni pati ya jana kulikuwa
safi sana. yaani mtu ambaye hana kiuno. Therefore some quotstripteasequot is involved. A
dance style is also called quotsasambuaquot. She puts some of the clothes on. Nguo
zinavuliwa. Cognitive motivation in a coalition there are many parties. where only women are
admitted kitchen party A woman stands on a table showing the gifts for the bride.
Walimpeleka jela juzi.phr piga risasi shoot Metaphorical euphemistic extension of SS
sambaza spread plus nyuki bees. sambaza nyuki v. hasa mwanamke mwenye umbo la
sanamu ya michelini. Sevu hapo sasa. Ikifika saa saba tutaondoka. gt lupango.
especially of human body Transfer from SE shape. Yule anajifanya anapenda kufanya
mapenzi na watu wa chini ya umri wake. big luxurious car . female genitals . shikia bango v.
basi. young woman Transfer from SE she. gt jambazi. nikabutuka nikawasevu. something
problematic. kamata shangingi hilo. salama fine. simu . gt gubeli. . Mnacheki. gt lumbesa.
very fat woman who likes to enjoy the good things in life gt New entry in KKS . jimama shepu
n umbo mzuri. shem n shemeji bother or sister in law Terminal clipping of SS shemeji brother
/ sister in law. Umeshika pembe. mwanamke mwenye mwili mnene sana na ambaye
matendo yake si mazuri. based on the fact. rafiki. Also attested in Kihore . Shavu lake ni
kubwa. Unaona. soo. Mnaona. nyomi shega adj zuri. Yule msichana shega kweli yule.
Sehemu yake ya uke ni kubwa. okay lt There is also the variant shegaz. Ukifika nipe shavu.
instead of the udder. sheshe. Common. shit Augmentative derivation of SS kasheshe
trouble. zali shankupe n mwanamke mwenye umri mkubwa anayejipodoa kwa
kuwatamanisha wanaume old woman who uses cosmetics to attract younger men lt Yule ni
shankupe. Since about . gt kasheshe. . Wamepata faida kwa wingi. Umekosa kitu. Karibu
shem Mambo Karibu shemeji Mambo shaa shaa adv/id upesi upesi quick quick Abbreviation
of SS chapu chapu quick quick shangingi n/ . . nikashituka nikawatoroka. but holds the horns
of the animal. angalia kitu bila uwezo wa kukipata see nice food without being allowed to eat.
Vile vitu safi vyote . marafiki. . Yule msichana ni mzuri kweli yule. bloo. . Hoya. wakati
nilipotoroka. Nilisimamia lile swala lake mpaka shazi n wingi plentiness lt Wamekula shazi la
haja. noma. washikaji. sheshe n matatizo trouble. shugamemmi shi n/ msichana mzuri
beautiful girl.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA . Yule ni mpenzi wangu. see sth without
being able to obtain it Metaphorical extension of SS shika hold plus SS pembe horn. . safi.
kamata mama yule mwenye mwili mkubwa. wakati nasevu mapaparazi wakanifotoa picha.
hasa ya mwili wa binadamu good shape. basi. Hoya.phr ishia kuona tu bila kula chakula
chenyewe. Euphemistic extension of SS shavu cheek . .Viko vizuri tu. gari kubwa na ya
kifahari . mwanamke anayependa starehe na ana umbo mkubwa . Metonymic extension of
shavu cheek. Ukifika nipigie simu. Vile vitu viko safi vyote . Yule hana umbo mzuri. Yule ni
shi wangu. .phr simamia jambo kwa nguvu hadi kufanikiwa stand for an issue until success
Metaphorical extension of shika hold plus bango transparent. expression quothold up a big
poster for somethingquot like in a demonstration. kimeo. shavu n . shika pembe v. based on
the image of someone who wants to milk. that the telephone is held to the cheek. Unacheki.
sawa. Yule hana shepu nzuri. waandishi wa habari wakanipiga picha. telephone .Viko shega
tu. sehemu ya uke ya mwanamke . poster. Nilimshikia bango mpaka akafukuzwa kazi.
kizaazaa.
Hamna shobo. Yule anafirwa. gt sero / selo. girlfriend lt Juma alikuwa akimchombeza sholi
wake. tubonge. shoo n/ onyesho. gerezani in prison Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of
SS shimo pit. lupango. Naskia ana shobo za kisista duu kama demu. Tamasha ilifanyika
katika ukumbi wa FM club. leo umevaa nguo nzuri. Njoo shoga. spin around to look at
Dysphemistic metaphorical extension of SS shingo neck and SS feni fan. macho balbu.
mjengo shimoni n. Kazi ya ubaharia nikaipata halafu nikaishiti. Yule nimeachana naye.
smarm over sb. shiti v tojali. shugamama n/ mwanamke mwenye umri mkubwa ambaye
anatembea na watoto wadogo elder woman who has young boyfriends Transfer from SE
sugarmummy. na hata rafiki wa kiume wa mwanamke. Nasikia ana tabia za kike kama
msichana. gt jumba bovu. gt choko. Yule ananishobokea. bwana we bwana e / Kila nikipita
wageuza shingo / Utadhani feni. acha do not care at all Dysphemistic extension of transfer
from SE shit. Hii haina tatizo. Yule mtu anatazama sana kwa kugeukageuka. Gari likatuletea
shobo kwa hiyo tukateremka. stalk Derivation of LyM shobo trouble. smoothtalk sb. umetoka
bomba. Hamna matatizo. Juma alikuwa akimbembeleza mpenzi wake. shobokea v
jipendekeza. shuka mnazi v. and even male friend if there is no sexual relationship Distortion
of SS shoga female friend Aisei. woman. umetoka mzuri kabisa. rafiki. jisogeza kwa mtu kwa
kusumbua chum up.phr firwa. Kazi ya ubaharia nikaipata halafu nikaiacha. Gari likatuletea
matatizo. The chorus has quotVipi sasa we bwana waleta matata / Kwa vile napendeza na
nimetakata / Kila nikipita macho yakutoka / Utadhani balbu. Popularised through a song by
Vijana Orchestra quotPenzi haligawanyikiquot. shingo feni n. mpenzi beautiful girl. The were
arrested. Yule nimemshiti. kwa hiyo tukateremka. shingo feni.phr tazama kwa kugeukageuka
look at by twisting ones neck.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING akafukuzwa
kazi. Aisei. neti shobo za kisista duu n. shosti leo umepigilia pamba. shimoni. Wamewekwa
shimoni. lt Hii haina shobo. based on the movement of the fan from one side to another.
shugamemmi. Yule anashikishwa ukuta. Yule anajisogeza kwangu kwa nguvu. shost. shosti
n/ shoga. rafiki wa kike wa mwanamke. endear os to sb. sholi. Shoo ilifanyika katika ukumbi
wa FM club. shingo feniquot.phr tabia za kike homosexual behaviour Expression composed
of LyM shobo problem plus sista duu girl.loc jela. tuongee. kama hakuna uhusiano wa
kimapenzi female friend of a woman. Njoo shosti. not on the movement of the propeller.
bwana e bwana e Yule mtu. shori n msichana mzuri. kinaa shikishwa ukuta v.Used
especially in elliptic saying quotmacho balbu. tamasha show Transfer of SE show.phr piga
punyeto masturbate Euphemistic metaphoric extension of SS shuka descend and mnazi
coconut shobo n/ tatizo problem . fanywa mapenzi kinyume cha maumbile act as a
homosexual man who receives penetration Metonymic extension of SS shikishwa be caused
to hold and ukuta wall.
chana mistari. ndmbolo. uza . gt bambataa. dondosha mistari shuta shuta adv upesi.caus
leta dharau despise Metaphorical extension of SS shusha bring down.phr shangaa be
surprised . modern girl Metonymic extension of SE sister and LyM interjection du.phr chupa
ndogo ya Coca Cola ml bottle of CocaCola Onomastic synecdoche based on the name of the
Bongo Fleva star Sista P. follow up . Yule ana shuzi. Ukimwona utashangaa. trainers
Transfer from SE simple. Yule ana nyonga kubwa. manage. gt changudoa sista du. bana.phr
imba nyimbo za quotrapquot rap verses Metaphorical extension of SS shusha drop plus
mistari lines. gt bastola. . supervise . shusha v. Ameshusha mistari. / msichana mzuri girl.
huyo ni cd. wowowo singlendi n Tshati au fulana bila mikono sleeveless top Transfer from
SE single hand Umevaa kisinglendi. rafiki. yule ni malaya. Metaphoric extension of SS
simama dede stand uncertainly like a child just beginning to walk. Wasichana wa Dar es
Salaam wanazidi kuwa watanashati. shwaini n/ mtu mwenye tabia mbaya. quick quick
Metaphorical extension based on transfer from SE shooter Nenda shuta shuta. mkundu.
silaha n/ nyonga kubwa large hips Metaphorical extension of SS silaha gun. Ameimba mistari
ya wimbo. Recent. towngirl. motivated by form of holster worn on hips in
quotcowboystylequot Yule anamiliki silaha. Masista du wa Bongo wanazidi kupanda chati.
Shwaini we Nguruwe wewe sidii. superintend. young woman. John amevaa viatu vizuri sana.
Mwalimu alinibana mpaka nikasema.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA tree. taarabu. .
Juma kauza viatu. gt kaoshi sirikali n serikali government Charade strategy in deformation of
SS serikali. haraka. sell Semantic extension of SS simamia direct. sharp. Nenda haraka.
Wakaona kwamba tunawaleta dharau. who is simama dede v.phr. sista duu n. person with
bad manners Transfer from German Schwein pig. Mwalimu alinisimamia mpaka nikasema. gt
raba mtoni shuzi n tako kubwa big behind Dysphemistic metonymic extension of SS shuzi
fart. Jay in song quotBongo Dar es Salaamquot.appl . fast. CD n/ msichana. rafiki. pistol.
Ukimwona utasimama dede. Yule ana mataka makubwa. haja kubwa. Babu. Serikali nyingi
za Afrika hazizingatii haki za binadamu. kibinda. Hoya. raba mtoni imported shoes.
tukunyema. imposing a fake etymology hot secret based on SS siri secret and kali hot. gt
achia mistari. . msela. force. Juma kasimamia viatu. gt fasta fasta. gt songola shusha mistari
v. Wakaona eti tunawashusha. nguruwe pig. Umevaa fulana bila mikono. Hoya. beautiful girl.
who has many boyfriends Abbreviation of LyM changudoa. simamia v. mwanamke mwenye
tabia mbaya ya kihuni girl. Prof. bunduki. fuatilia . chapu chapu quickly. John amekula simpo
kali Hoya. Sirikali nyingi za Afrika hazizingatii haki za binadamu. shaa shaa simpo n viatu
kutoka nje ya Tanzania. Hoya. mvinyo sista P n.
shame Truncation of LyM songombingo. songombingo n fujo. Vipi mbona hamnipi habari.
marafiki . Ipo siku fulani polisi walinijia kutaka niwape bangi ili wanichukue gerezani. noma.
John Degera leo amesizi sana. disorder. soo n/ . gt emoro sizi v . . Sleng yake kali. kitu
kidogo skonga n/ shule. Naenda shuleni. . kizaazaa. skendo n/ tafrani scandal Transfer from
SE scandal. loop . matatizo . Usione soo. Tafrani ya Miss Tanzania. lewa . Poa
nitamsomesha mshua kuhusu nini imetokea skonga. soda n rushwa bribe Euphemistic
metonymic extension of SS soda soft drink. shyness Attested for the meaning money.
Usione aibu. Tsh in older Swahili slang Ohly a . soksi n/ kondomu condome Metaphoric
extension of SE socks. Nisaidie soksi. smati adj safi. settlement. Deile mi natimba skani.
Jamani. amesizi. usilete balaa . put in prison Metonymic extension of SS somba carry Ipo dei
fulani mamwela walinijia kutaka niwagee ganja ili wanisobe rupango. . Jamani. trouble. . Like
with chai. . teach. songombingo skani n kijiweni meeting place of jobless youths Initial
clipping of SS maskani home. tell. Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Anataka
soda Anataka rushwa gt chai. something problematic . Soo bloo. instruct. Vaileti alitokea
smati mwenye kuvutia. be quiet without saying anything. Nitamweleza baba kuhusu nini
imetokea shuleni. Vipi mbona hamnigei stori. Skendo la Miss Tanzania. or of SS soni
shame.caus eleza. smart Transfer from SE smart. kaa kimya bila kuongea kitu cho chote. .
zuri nice. Kiingereza chake kizuri. Yule anasema Kiingereza. chuo school lt Naenda skonga.
Usilete balaa gt msala. anasinzia.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING quite a
short person. . somba v chukua. tumia mbinu kumlainisha mtu ili akubaliane na matakwa
explain. tia gerezani take. . Acha kupiga soo . Jamani. kimeo. Ni matatizo kaka. zigzagline
Compound of SS songo braid. Jamani. washikaji . coil. be drunk Transfer from SE cease.
ndomu sleng v sema Kiingereza speak English Transfer from SE slang. Popularised in a
song by Remmy Ongala quotMambo kwa soksiquot. kuna soo au noma. Nisaidie kondomu.
somesha v. kama mtu amelala usingizi . kasheshe. kitu ambacho hakipo kwenye mstari
mnyoofu chaos. mtaa fulani leo kuna soo. kitu kisicho na mpangilio. John Degera leo
amelewa sana. as if being asleep . aibu . wacha noma . the bribe is conceptualised as the
necessary preliminary which sets things in motion. Vaileti alitokea safi mwenye kuvutia. kuna
aibu au matatizo. Yule anasleng. mtaa fulani leo kuna matatizo. Kila siku mimi naingia
kijiweni. . gt buti. soba. sleng n Kiingereza English Transfer from SE slang. use tactics to
bring sb to agree with ones wishes Euphemistic metonymic extension of SS somesha
educate.
. esp. enjoy food .phr kasi sana bila ya kutulia. masimulizi news. Waliiba mishiko
wakaisunda matakoni. maneno mabaya ya uchonganishifitina . . Waliiba pesa wakazificha
matakoni. super adv zuri sana super. sopsopu n enye sura nzuri goodlooking Semantic
extension of SE soap. Jana ilibidi nisafiri lakini mambo yakawa songombingo. etymology of
mbingo lt binga unclear. light porridge without sugar. Amenisuka songombingo. Vuta bangi
ikupe hisia nzuri fulani. tule vizuri . Mambo supa. spesheli adj a namna ya pekee special
Transfer from SE special. Ana sumu kali huyo. gt mambo mtibwa.g. in private parts lt . Yule
jamaa ana sura nzuri. washikaji Vipi mbona hamnipi habari. Also attested in older Swahili
slang Ohly a . Mambo safi. Mambo yanakwenda ovyo.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA or
songa press. usinipotezee stimu yangu. . Vipi mbona hamnigei stori. Mambo yanakwenda
songombingo. uji wa leo ni afadhali kuliko siku nyingine. Amenisuka nywele kwa mistari
isiyonyooka. kuna matatizo au aibu. Leo naendesha kipindi hiki kwa spidi . . Has taken the
place of quotspidi tisiniquot in older LyM. Hoya. e. sikuwahi. Restricted to response in
greetings. shauku state of being high form drugs. eat very good food. marafiki supastaa n/
msanii au mwimbaji mashuhuri superstar Transfer of SE superstar. Hoya. Anatoa maneno ya
fitina. Kula kitu kikupe stimu.Hoya. tale Metonymic extension of SE story. Unajua
mustakabali wa masupastaa wa Bongo Prof. k. very good. gt jichana. hide sth very well.
Anatema sumu. kuna soo au noma. gt bebelebebele Vijana wa vijiweni wanapiga stori.
kufaidi kwa chakula . sikuwahi. kula vizuri sana. chikichia staili n/ mtindo style Transfer from
SE style. niko fresh. spidi mia ishirini nshaa n. Dereva anaendesha gari taratibu. Vijana wa
vijiweni wanapashana habari. Njoo tusunde . gt dizaini stimu n hisia kutokana na kuvuta
bangi au madawa ya kulevya. katika sehemu za siri . . Also attested in Sheng Mbaabu amp
Nzuga . Hoya. Hii ni ya namna ya pekee. Yule jamaa yuko sopsopu. lakini mambo
hayakukaa sawa. sumu n . Suka anaendesha gari taratibu. extraordinary Transfer of SE
super. . Leo naendesha kipindi hiki bila ya kutulia. mambo ya isidingo stori n/ habari. Njoo.
Metaphorical extension of SS sumu poison. ficha mbali. . hisia nzuri. sunda v . Jana ilibidi
nisafiri.m. Dysphemistic extension of SS sumu poison. haraka haraka very fast Metaphorical
extension of elliptical transfer of SE speed of km/h. Jay in quotBongo Dar es Salaamquot. s.
gt mishangashanga supa. Unajua mustakabali wa wasanii mashuhuri wa Dar es Salaam .
suka n/ dereva driver Metonymic extension of truncation of SS usukani steering wheel. Ana
maneno mabaya sana ya fitina. in boarding schools . squeeze. Hii ni spesheli. usinitolee
hisia zangu. . bad gossip . umu ya leo ni mukide. good mood Metaphorical extension of
transfer from SE steam. hasa katika shule za bweni . uji usiyo na sukari.
Juma alikuwa safi jana. . timka. Alitaka kunitapeli. Wameswekwa rupango. chomoa. Alitaka
kunilaghai. gongo illegally destilled hard liquor Metaphorical dysphemistic extension of SS
supu soup and mawe stones. taiti v bana force. ipo siku tutavaa suruali za jinsi. Obsolete.
weka ndani. He took it as his. Alivaa fulana nyeusi iliyomtaiti. fit tightly Transfer from SE tight.
delay. weka gerezani . Ameficha pesa zake. chukua kitu kwa mtu au watu. press. taraa
numeral tatu three lt . iba kwa kulaghai swindle. Tuliona wanatuyeyusha tukawaambia
watambae. Oya. nisusie mapene yangu. dai kuwa mwenyewe steal. kipa. toa give
Metonymic extension of SS susa abandon. take sth away from so. Anapenda kunywa gongo.
go away Metonymic extension of SS tambaa crawl. toa kiwingu susia v. gt smati taiti n/ sketi
fupi inayobana matako tightly fitting miniskirt Transfer from SE tight. gt gea tantarila n/
maneno mengi yasiyo na busara a lot of words without meaning Probably semantic
extension of name of Reggae song quottantarillaquot by Don One Crew on Album
quotWatch the ridequot . . put inside. . jisanzua. Anapenda kutumia supu ya mawe. gt gamba
tambaa v ondoka go. Ametapeliwa. Acha tantarila zako we kinabo. sweka v . Nipe chumvi ya
chuma taraa. tapeli n/ mtu anayelaghai watu ili awadhulumu mali au haki zao swindler
Transfer from French tapeur cadger Graebner . gt anza. we mshamba. Rafiki. timua. suru n/
suruali trousers Final truncation of SS suruali. Amemweka rumande. In KKS . nipe pesa
zangu. hide . taifisha v.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING supu ya mawe. steal
by swindling Transfer from French tapeur cadger Graebner . lunatic Metonymic extension of
SS taahira postponement.phr pombe kali haramu. or tidy Juma alikuwa taiti jana. Amesweka
pesa zake. maji makali. Yule amevaa taiti. Wamewekwa ndani. Amemsweka rumande. ipo
dei tutawamba masuru ya jeans. Ameibiwa na tapeli. Majita wamenitaiti. gt msanii taahira n/
mtu aliyepumbaa akili mad person. tapeli v laghai. Alivaa fulani nyeusi iliyombana. Yule
amevaa sketi fupi ya kubana matako. dala taiti adj safi nice . nipa Transfer of SE tight. Nipe
sigara tatu. . Wahuni wamenibana. Acha maneno yako yasiyo na busara. supu la mawe n.
Popularised through song by Vijana Jazz Band quotOgopa matapeliquot. jikata. in the late s.
Nipe sigara taraa.caus iba. Nipe chumvi ya shilingi tatu. . ishia.appl kupa. Tuliona
wanatudanganya tukawaambia waondoke. claim to be owner of sth Metonymic and
euphemistic semantic extension of SS taifisha nationalise Ameitaifisha. put in jail lt . patia.
Oya. Mshirika. ficha . gt bee. gt machozi ya simba. expression quotstone soupquot.
buku teja n/ mtu anayetumia sana madawa ya tenge n/ kitenge printed cotton wrapcloth .
Amenichongea kwa bosi. Nilimtegea demu neti akaingia mwenyewe. based on dance
movements. tema mkwanja v.phr vizia. wowowo kulevya drug addict Hyperbolic extension of
augmentative of SS mteja customer. Biashara imetoa faida nyingi sana. as one can buy
many things with TSh. Semantic extension of SS tenga net.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA taarabu n/ matako makubwa ya mwanamke womans behind. Neti zangu
zimekamata.phr chongea. nikafukuzwa kazi. Acha kunitamanisha kwa ngono. tukunyema.
Polisi walitega neti jambazi akaingia mwenyewe. Manzi huyu ana taarabu. crate based on
the notion that one can pack many things in it. gt bonga ungenge. Polisi walimtegea mtego
jambazi akakamatwa. Taarabu imo humo. tenga n/ noti ya shilingi note of TSh. ponza
discredit Metaphorical expression quotspit poisonquot. ingia external tega v tamanisha
seduce Metaphorical extension of SS tega trap. tema ngeli v. Anasema Kiingereza. ambush
Metaphorical extension set a nettrap. gt tega chaneli tema sumu v. anajaribu kusikia
tunayoyazungumzia. Aliutema mkwanja wako Alitoa pesa zako tarakishi n/ kompyuta
computer lt techele disc poa. gt bonga ungenge. big buttocks. Biashara imetema kichizi.
tema v toa give out Metaphorical extesion of SS tema spit. gt baba wa taifa. gt tega antena
tema ungenge v. Anatema ungenge. tilia fitina. fat bottom Metonymic extension of SS
taarabu. Mgodi umetoa madini mengi sana. popularised through Bongo Fleva hit quotMtoto
wa geti kaliquot Gangwe Mobb . Shimo limetema. shuzi. Mbona anasikiliza. gt bambataa.
Nilimfuatilia demu bila yeye kujua. ingia external. nikafanikiwa. haja kubwa. tega antena v.
Anatema ngeli. Nilivizia nikapata. wewe msichana. Anasema Kiingereza.phr sema
Kiingereza speak English Metaphorical extension of SS tema spit and metonymic extension
of LyM ungenge English. Acha kunitega wewe demu. safi good lt Used as a standard reply to
greetings such as hali vipi.phr sikiliza kwa makini listen attentively Metaphoric extension of
SS tega set ready plus transfer of SE channel.phr sema Kiingereza speak English
Metaphorical extension of SS tema spit and metonymic extension of ngeli noun class which
is used for the meaning of correct grammar. ndmbolo. Msichana mdogo huyu ana matako
makubwa. Matako yapo. tegea waylay. Mbona ametega chaneli. Ametema sumu kwa bosi
nikafukuzwa kazi. tega chaneli v. tema ngeli tega neti v. mkundu.phr toa pesa kwa
kulazimishwa give away money Metaphorical extension of SS tema spit out plus LyM
mkwanja money.phr sikiliza kwa makini listen attentively Metaphoric extension of SS tega set
ready plus SE antenna.
. . tuyese zetu. tikitimaji n/ ziwa kubwa big female breast Metaphoric extension of SS
tikitimaji water melon. Very common.phr fika. but not in KKS . e. probably based on ironical
usage. do something expertly and completely. combat and war in the late nineties during the
East Timor crisis. ishia. Nimetesa kishenzi. Nitakupiga. toa kiwingu tia v tomba. tuondoke
Oya mshikaji. gt balungi. gt jibu. kosovo timua mbio v ondoka haraka make off. gt piga bao.
Janet jana ametiwa. tikitimaji timba v ingia enter lt Deile mi natimba skani. ingia arrive
Metaphorical extension of SS tia put plus SS timu team. motivation capsules are of two
colours. jipa. Janet jana alifanyiwa mapenzi. . defeat. since attested in most recent KKS and
KKK .g. Nitawasili saa tano kafeteria. Nimefaidi sana. wear. kaa freshi tesa v ona raha sana.
run away Metonymic extension of SS timua cause to leave abruptly. vaa.g.k. ace. . vibrate.
faidi enjoy very much. Kama mambo yanatiki. police car or woman whose skin has become
speckled because of the use of bleach cream Metonymic transfer of SE tetracycline name of
an antibioticum. enter Metonymic extension of SS tinga shake. Washikaji tutimue Marafiki.
ingia . . Rafiki aliona rangi mbili baada ya kupigwa ngumi mbili tu. gari la polisi au mwanamke
ambaye ngozi yake ni ya rangi tofauti kutokana na kutumia dawa ya kuchubua ngozi two
colours. probably on its way to become adapted as standard.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp
ROLAND KIELING Augmentative derivation of SS kitenge Naona umetinga tenge la
mchonga. Jana nimemtia Janet. timori v piga beat up Onomastic synecdoche of the
geographical term Timor which became emblematic as an area of conflict. attested in older
Swahili slang for the meaning make love Ohly a . tiki v kuwa zuri. fanya mapenzi copulate.
profit Hyperbolic dysphemistic extension of SS tesa afflict trouble or pain. vaa vizuri . . Kila
siku mimi naingia kijiweni. Mshikaji aliona tetrasaiklini baada ya kupigwa ngumi mbili tu.
Tumetiana. Attested in older Swahili slang in the expression tia mande sleep with a woman
Ohly a . Tumefanya mapenzi. Kama mambo ni mazuri. Nitakutimori. tetrasaiklini n rangi
mbili. sit . tia tinga v . . timbwanga v wasili arrive at lt Nitatimbwanga saa tano kafeteria. Also
attested in older Swahili slang with meaning leave a place in hurry Ohly a . Transfer from SE
tick. twende zetu. gt klintoni. Mapolisi watakuja. enjoy life. ondoka gt chomoa. e. Nilitesa
mtihani huo Kila jibu lilikuwa sahihi I aced that exam Every answer was correct Jana
tulikwenda bichi tukatesa sana. Naona umevaa kitenge cha kumkumbuka rais Nyerere. In
Kihore with meaning sit without thinking of leaving soon. Jana tulikwenda bichi tukawa na
starehe kupita kiasi. tia timu v. timua Rafiki. Jana nimefanya mapenzi na Janet. kaa . starehe
kupita kiasi. Kapelo zitatia timu. make love Metonymic extension of SS tia put into. wear nice
clothes . tokuwa na matatizo be o.
Yule amefurika tinginya. Mary amenitosa. Ehe Umeruhusu kosa lililopelekea kufungwa.
Amekaa sana kijiweni. . . esp. Hakuna mambo ya kapelo wala tizediara. Ameingia ndani. gt
acha kwenye mataa toa boko v. . mnanitonya vipi kuhusu dili hili Sasa. invest much effort
without any result. Ngoja nikueleze jambo fulani. Mbona unaonekana kama umevaa tintedi.
in football referee Metaphorical extension of SS toa give out . Sasa kesho napanda ndege
kwenda ulaya. Nilipoenda kwenye shughuli za arusi nilimkuta rafiki yangu nikamjulisha kuwa
mume wangu anakuja. washikaji. Umekosea usingemwambia. flirt Semantic extension of SS
tokea appear. jimama tokotesha v. Hakuna mambo ya polisi wala magari ya polisi. gt macho
manne tizediara n gari ya polisi police car Metonymic extension based on the acronym
derived from the plate number quotTZRquot of police..phr ruhusu makosa hasa katika soka
referii allow errors. Wanafunzi wa Kurio leo wamevaa nguo nzuri sana. become boiled. gt
jicho la tatu tonya v eleza. Naona umetinga tenge la mchonga. . tintedi adj kuwa katika hali
ya kulewa. . gt chemka. Ametinga kijiweni. Nimemtosa rafiki yangu vibaya. Sasa. . tokea v
tongoza seduce. Very common. Nimemwacha rafiki yangu kwenye mataa. lady with a big
behind . Amemtongoza. miwani ya jua sunglasses Metaphoric extension of SE TV. Jamaa
ametinga pamba. . throw into the sea. . mnanieleza vipi kuhusu jambo hili Nilipoenda kwenye
shughuli za arusi nilimkuta rafiki yangu nikamtonya kuwa mume wangu anakuja. pasha
habari explain lt Also in Kihore . Ametinga ndani. Sasa tomorrow nakwea pipa kwenda
majuu. Jamaa amevaa nguo nzuri. struggle to no avail Derivation from LyM tokota make a
mistake. Cognitive motivation one sees everything as through tinted windows. referring to
tinted windows in cars. Lorand leo katinga bonge la dula. mwanamke aliyejaaliwa maungo ya
nyuma . Nimekutana na dada aliye na matako makubwa.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA
. tokota v kosea make a mistake Metaphorical extension of SS tokota boil very much. .
Mbona unaonekana kama umelewa. jamaa ameshikwa ugoni. Nimekutana na dada. . tosa v
telekeza abandon Metaphoric extension of SS tosa plunge in water. marafiki. nyemka
tinginya n/ . big behind lt . . Amemtokea. Naona umevaa kitenge cha Mwl. .caus toa jasho
nyingi bila mafanikio do something in vain. Mary ameniacha. Nyerere. Madent wa Kurio leo
wametinga makatalogi. Ngoja nikutonye dili. matako makubwa . jamaa ameshikwa ugoni. tivi
n/ miwani myeusi. julisha. amejaza tinginya. kutokana na pombe au madawa be drunk
Transfer from SE tinted. . Lorand leo kavaa kiatu kikubwa. . tomoro / tumoro adv kesho
tomorrow Transfer of SE tomorrow. Umetokota usingemwambia. Ehe Umetoa boko babu.
plus augemtative of SS kiboko whip. Yule ana matako makubwa gt nyambizi.
tumbo joto n. tuliza boli v. Viongozi wakongwe wa CCM wanaougombea ubunge wapo
tumbo joto. quotLets go and start itquot.phr kuwa na wasiwasi be afraid to fail Metaphorical
extension of SS tumbo belly and joto heat. Kama mnataka kupigana. Cognitive motivation in
rural areas beer is kept in earthen pots. tulianzisheni v. Attested in older Swahili slang as
mtungi beer Ohly a . cover. Twende tukalianzishe kosovo. pacify. or metonymic extension of
augmentative based on SS mtumba imported second hand clothes gt bandapanda.phr subiri.
which existed in the s. . mambo mazuri sana. tukunyema n matako makubwa.wowoquot.
haja kubwa. taarabu. Rafiki nimeimba kwa mtiririko katika wimbo. unasema quottwende
tukaanze ugomviquot. dula. settle Semantic extension of SS tuliza calm sth plus transfer
from SE ball. gt bitozi tumba n kiatu kizuri na kikubwa. Subiri rafiki yangu. unasema
quottulianzisheniquot. Wasichana tuliokuwa nao jana ni wazuri. gt bambataa. tozi n/ mtu
anayejisikia fly guy Initial truncation of LyM bitozi. Also in KKS . trausa n suruali trousers
Transfer from SE trousers. Totoz za jana yaani shwari. mambo chelea pina. ndmbolo. Yule
mama ana matako makubwa kweli. Yule mama ana tukunyema kweli. Akadondosha mistari
ya traki zake. Twende tukaanzishe ugomvi. wowowo tungi n pombe beer. halafu
tukajichanganye. gozi. Kama mnataka kupigana. mkundu. shuzi. kibinda. . lakuchumpa traki
n/ wimbo kwenye CD song. mwili mkubwa big buttocks Onomastic synecdoche of the style of
music of the band quotMK Beatsquot. gt tuliza kipago tovuti n mahali katika kompyuta
iliyounganishwa kwenye mtandao. When their music was played people used to danse and
call out quotTukunyema mpaka chini . Mwana nimesafiri humo na hilo traki. In older Swahili
slang toto shoo beautiful lady. kichaa wangu. Tuliza boli. set . halafu tuondoke. feel ones way
Wanafunzi wao ni matutusa.phr tuondoke na kuanzisha ugomvi wakati wa kutaka kupigana
lets go and start quarreling Semantic extension of SS anzisha start. website lt Official. lovely
girl and toto shuweya desirable woman Ohly a . Sani Akaimba nyimbo zake. alcoholic drink
Metonymic extension of SS tungi big earthen jar.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING totopaki n kiasi kidogo cha konyagi katika mfuko wa plastiki poly bag package of
konyagi Transfer from SE total pack gt kiroba totoz n wasichana wazuri. children
Hybridisation of SS noun stem toto plus SE plural suffix s. Reference of object marker li
unclear. ulabu tutusa n/ mtu ambaye hawezi kufikiria au kuongea. buti. in motion. watoto
beautiful girls. gt mitungi. Twende tukanywe pombe pembeni. track on CD Metonymic
extension of transfer from SE track on CD. Viongozi wakongwe wa CCM wanaougombea
ubunge wana wasiwasi. Twende tukapate tungi kiaina. mtu ambaye hana akili blockhead
Metaphorical extension of SS tutusa grope for something. tulia be patient. lakini mtumba big
secondhand shoe Metonymic extension of SS tumba outer case.
punje. .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN TANZANIA Wanafunzi wao hawana akili. Stori ambayo
amenipa jamaa. Tule wali. . ameniua sana. scold sb . unclear. . gt mavi ya panya. gt mavi ya
panya. board. act as if nothing were wrong Metonymic extension of SS ua kill plus LyM soo
shame. delight . Mambo ambayo amenisimulia jamaa. ubwabwa ua v . Nimeuawa kishenzi.
Yule amenisema vibaya kweli. trouble.phr jaribu kufunika aibu. gt rosti. lakini amenilipa bei
rahisi mno. amenifurahisha sana.phr . Mshirika. bwana . want. not to say sth . Nasikia njaa.
Also attested in older Swahili slang Ohly a . and in Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Acheni
kujifanya hamna hatia. . punga. Cf. mpunga. mabaga uchuna v. jaribu kutoa dhihaka try to
conceal embarrassment. tosema kitu . ua soo v. gt boka ubwabwa n wali cooked rice
Metonymic extension of SS ubwabwa soft cooked rice. Nipatie pesa kidogo. uawa kikatili v.
nyali. Nimemwuzia lakini ameniua. Uchune. ua mjini attested for older Swahili slang as
migrate to town Ohlya . Tule wali. scarcity. Acheni kuua soo. ubeche n wali cooked rice lt
There is also the variety ubeje. Yule kaniua kweli. unipe pesa fulani. In KKS . probably based
on the body movement in dancing. Cognitive motivation unclear. please. sema mtu vibaya .
Kingo. probably based on ironical usage. uchache n fedha money Metonymic extension of
SS uchache lack. Referent of object marker cl. . . nimeishiwa kabisa. Oya washikaji. faidi .
postpone . Nimeishiwa pesa vibaya sana. punga. Nimemwuzia. pigika. bwana ubao n njaa
hunger Semantic extension of SS ubao plank. Ohly a . pay too cheap a price Hyperbolic
dysphemistic extension of SS ua kill. nigee uchache kiaina. sina kitu. tugawane basi uchache
huo Marafiki.phr/n simu ya mkononi. leo nna njaa sana. leo nna ubao kinoma. nimeuawa.
lipa bei rahisi mno . uawa kishenzi. ubeche ua bendi v. punje. ghairi . twende ukanipe ugali
Nasikia ubao. Rafiki. aina ya Siemens c mobile phone model Siemens c Onomastic
synecdoche based on the name of the music band quotTwanga Pepetaquot which in itself is
a metonymic extension of SS twanga pound in a mortar and pepeta winnow. . Usiseme.
Acha uboka. tugawane fedha hizo Nipatie uchache kidogo. twanga pepeta v. nyali.phr ishiwa
pesa run out of money Hyperbolic metaphorical extension of SS uawa be killed and LyM
kishenzi very much. furahisha . also attested in older Swahili slang Gower . sina kitu. . sift.
twenzetu kanigee dongo Rafiki. Tufinye ubwabwa. Acha ubwege. Oya bloo. uboka n ubwege
foolishness Derived from the character Kaboka Mchizi in the cartoon quotSongombingo ya
Kaboka Mchizi by A. profit Metaphorical extension of SS chuna flay.phr haribu spoil the show
Semantic extension of SS ua kill plus transfer from SE music band. Tufinye ubeche.
lack of financial power Semantic extension of derivation of SS kapa in kwenda kapa go
away conquered. . Uchune kwanza . ugoroko ulofa n hali ya kukosa kitu having nothing
Semantic extension of transfer from SE loafer. In older Swahili slang attested with the
meanings sharp tongue. Ukapa huu. ukapa mchacho n hali ngumu. Gari lake ni la ujiko
kweli. anazubaa kweli. Kaniita nimemnyamazia. reinforced by allusion to the name of
president Mkapa. . bwana mdogo. Acha mambo yako ya ajabu. ameghairi. ameuchuna.
ukosefu wa hela economic depression. gt mkia wa mbuzi. IM Amevaa tai.phr tai tie
Metaphorical expression SS ulimi tongue and mbwa dog. vaa vizuri suti. be nicely dressed
with suit and tie Metaphorical extension of SS lamba lick plus object marker cl. Yule
mwanamke ana ukimwi. . sina pesa. alianza kufanya mambo ya ajizi. ameuchuna kweli.
ulamba v. Amepata ukimwi. . Gari lake lina sifa kweli. Anapenda ujiko. Umeulamba
Umebahatika Ameulamba. expression quotdogs tonguequot. Mama Lili safari hii mambo
yake supa. Mama Lili safari hii mambo yake safi sana. ukapa. sina pesa. Hana chochote.
Ana ulofa. gt mjombamjomba. Acha ushamba. Hali ngumu hii. Kaniita nimemchunia. Hali
ngumu mwaka huu itatuua Hata dawa za homa tu hatumudu kununua. Acha ujombaujomba.
based on the form of a dogs tongue. . alianza kufanya mambo ya ajizi. gt mataputapu. strong
terms and rotgut. kilauri udwanzi n utani ambao unaweza kuleta ukorofi au hasira
provocative teasing lt Usiniletee udwanzi. kuwaka. Baada ya kupata ulabu. gongo Ohly a
.phr . Yule mwanamke ana umeme. amefaidi kweli. Anapenda sifa. . anazubaa kweli. ulimi
wa mbwa n. . kitchen Motivation unclear. Baada ya kupata pombe. Amechomekea vizuri.
Subiri kwanza .UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING . bahatika . Yule hakwenda
safari. umeme n ukimwi AIDS Metaphorical extension of SS umeme ligthning. mkia wa
ngombe ujombaujomba n hali ya kuwa mshamba anayejifanya anajua mambo state of
beeing a layman while pretending to know things of the citylife Reduplication of Derivation
from SS mjomba maternal uncle. kuchalala ulabu n pombe ya aina yo yote beer. ugoroko n
ushamba habits and behaviour of a country bumpkin gt Acha ugoroko wewe Acha ushamba
wewe gt mgoroko ujiko n sifa showoff Semantic extension of SS jiko fireplace. Amevaa ulimi
wa mbwa. tai . Ukapa mwaka huu utatuua Hata dawa za homa tu hatumudu kununua. Yule
hakwenda safari. be lucky . Acha udwanzi bwana mdogo. alcoholic drink Metonymic
derivation of SS kilabu lt SE club sehemu ya kuuzia na kunywea pombe. gt kuwamba.
Amepigwa na umeme. lack of money. Usinisababishie utata / Usinikere. the referent of which
is unclear.
kumbe anaungua jua tu. Kikwete aliwaomba akina Mama wamsaidie kwa kura. ninyoe
nywele kwa mtindo wa quotunga freshiquot. or intellectual. ngwengwe unawa v. Ameungua
jua. Kwa biashara anayoifanya inabidi akusanye kidogo kidogo ili apate faida kubwa.
Naongea Kiingereza. and even seen in . na si wazungu wa unga.phr fanya kazi kwa bidii bila
mafanikio fail inspite of great effort Metaphorical extension of SS ungua burn plus jua sun.
introduce Metaphorical extension of SS unganisha connect. Nabonga ungenge. fupifupi
hairstyle with hair shaved almost down to skin. wezesha support for mutual economic
benefit. miwaya. Amenaswa na umeme. Wanaokamatwa mara nyingi ni watumiaji wadogo.
gt mnoko. . ungenge n Kiingereza English lt Also attested in older Swahili slang as ungenge
kwao good command of English Ohly a . Acha umbeya. Kwa biashara anayoifanya inabidi
aungeunge ili apate faida kubwa. kumbe hawezi tu. BBC unga n kokeni. Bwana Kinyozi.
ubabe bullying Euphemistic extension of SE endeavour Nitakufanyia undava. Kikwete
aliwaomba akina Mama wamwunganishe kwa kura. Ameunawa. Dingi kaniunganisha freshi.
madawa ya kulevya ya unga cocaine Metaphoric extension of SS unga flour. Yeye hutumia
nguvu katika kila jambo. Amefanya kazi kwa bidii bila mafanikio. Ameambukizwa ukimwi.
Anasema Kiingereza. Nisaidie. ungaunga v kusanya taratibu na kwa kiasi kidogo collect little
by little Semantic extension of SS unga join. Jamaa anajifanya kuongea ungenge.phr mtindo
wa kunyoa nywele na kuacha nywele ndogondogo. hair are about mm long Metaphorical
extension of SS unga flour plus SE fresh. unyunyu n manukato. kizungu. nokolaizi unganisha
v.phr pata ukimwi get AIDS Metaphorical extension of SS nawa wash plus object marker of
cl. The hairstyle is said to be alama ya uhuni. It is said that a person with this hairstyle looks
like amemwaga unga kichwani he has poured flour on his head. mdudu. Yeye hupenda
kutumia undava tu kwa kila jambo. Baba amenisaidia vizuri. kikristu. Yule amepiga unga. a
sign of hooliganism. Nitakudhulumu. Anamwaga ungenge. Amekutwa na ukimwi. Who
speaks English is viewed as an academic. gt kimombo. nipige unga freshi. Anayeongea
ungenge huonwa msomi. Niunganishe. gt ngoma. unga freshi n. uturi perfume Dysphemistic
hyperbolic extension based on SS manyunyu drizzle. Bwana kinyozi. utemi. Yule amenyoa
nywele kwa mtindo wa quotunga freshquot. undava n udhalimu. Wanaokamatwa mara nyingi
ni watumiaji wadogo. na si wafanya biashara wa madawa ya kulevya. expression be burnt by
the sun. Jamma anajifanya kuongea Kiingereza. uosama n ukatili brutality Onomastic
synecdoche based on the name of alQaidaleader Osama bin Laden. Amepata ukimwi. gt
denge. unoko n umbeya gossip lt Acha unyoko. fidodido ungua jua v. slight rain.LUGHA YA
MITAANI IN TANZANIA Amekutwa na umeme.phr saidia. Could be heard in .
kizuizi . maneno mengi yasiyo na maana . uswazi utajiju v. Nilitaka kufanya mpango wangu.
Nimepata deiwaka kutoka kwa rafiki. Tunaishi hapa uswahilini. Utajijeijei Utajua mwenyewe.
Tunaishi hapa kwenye eneo la kawaida.e. obstacle Metaphorical extension of SS usiku night.
Tembo saba wafanya uosama Morogoro. mitaa ambapoo wanakaa watu wa kawaida.
longolongo . . kilongalonga. Not any more in use in . . work without contract lt Nimekula
ushanta kwa mshikaji. Usiniambie habari ya uongo. mafichoni in the labyrinth of narrow
paths in a settlement. i. fulani leo kajipatia uroda. town area where ordinary people live.
nyumbani . Wasichana wa siku hizi wanafanya uroda waziwazi. at home Terminal clipping of
LyM uswahilini. starehe physical love. gt utajiju uswaa n . jeijei. kazi isiyo na mkataba day
labour. at home Semantic extension of SS uswahili settlement area of the Swahili. longa.
kiwingu utajijeijei v.phr utajijua Utajua mwenyewe Shauri yako you will know yourself You will
have to blame yourself Its up to you Terminal clipping of colloquial Swahili utajijua you will
know yourself. which see. put inside. gt uswaa. gt sweka usiku n . Wasichana wa siku hizi
wanafanya mapenzi waziwazi. Usiniletee usiku. Twenzetu tukale uroda. gt deiwaka uswekeni
n vichochoroni. Utajiju . Ameenda usweken. . desire lt Phrasal characteristics used with
fanya make and kula eat. au yenye maisha ya chini mjini Dar es Salaam . which see.UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING newspapers. Unitolee mambo ya ajabu. based on
the abbreviation JJ for jijua. This phrase is used as a warning or reprimand. Twende zetu
tufanye mapenzi. nyumbani . au mitaa yenye maisha ya chini mjini Dar es Salaam area
where life is difficult in Dar es Salaam Suffixing of English plural suffix zi on LyM uswaa.
Nitolee usiku bwana. mitaa ambapo wanaishi watu wa kawaida. . gt uswahilini.phr utajijua
Utajua mwenyewe Shauri yako you will know yourself You will have to blame yourself Its up
to you Contraction of SS utajijua you will know yourself. Popularised by Bongo Fleva song
quotMaisha Uswaziquot Gangwe Mobb . tendo la ndoa. Freddy kaniwekea kizuizi. kigiza. or
where life is difficult in Dar es Salaam . . Ah. but was not established in the LyM lexicon.
uswahilini ushanta n ajira ya kubahatisha. There is also the variety utajiju. Now obsolete.
Ukweli na Uwazi . gt uswaa. gt . or where life is difficult . Jamaa anatokea uswekeni kinoma
yaani Jamaa anakaa ndani sana. false words . town area in Dar es Salaam where ordinary
people live. This phrase is used as a warning or reprimand. In KKS . maneno / habari ya
uongo. Nilitaka kufanya dili yangu Freddy akaniletea usiku. There is also the variety
utajijeijei. . uswazi uroda n mapenzi. Ameenda mafichoni. au mitaa yenye maisha ya chini
mjini Dar es Salaam . empty words. used as a hiding place Nominal derivation from LyM
sweka hide. uswahilini n . gt kula uroda uswazi n mitaa ambapo wanakaa watu wa kawaida.
Tembo saba wafanya ukatili Morogoro. Ah. fulani leo kajipatia mwanamke.
viepe yai n chips na mayai chips and eggs Composition based on LyM kiepe potato and SS
yai egg. vimbweta n vizege vya kusomea nje ya madarasa chuoni Dar es Salaam concrete
tables outside classrooms at the UDSM Metaphorical extension based on SS bweta chest.
vijana wa vijiweni n. gt kijiti valangati n ugomvi quarrel lt Juma alishusha valangati babu
kubwa. have nothing to do . Mambo vipi . Ana virusi. gt vijana wa vijiweni uza gazeti v.
Tulivinjari tukiwa safarini. Mambo yake ni ya mashaka. Uzushi ni kama mtu anazusha jambo
lisilo la ukweli.phr n vijana wasio na kazi majobless wanaokutana kwenye vijiwe vyao. gt
majamboz utandawazi n utandawazi globalisation Semantic extension of compound with SS
tanda extend. Amekwenda kueneza habari ya mtu. case. hamwoni noma kuvinjari getoni La
jamani. false accusation. virusi n ukimwi AIDS Synecdoche of SE virus. Du washikaji. plus
English plural marker z. ngoma. umeme . be happy with. hamwoni aibu kuzunguka chumbani
Nimevinjari sherehe ile.phr eneza habari za mtu fulani spread rumours or news about sb
Metaphorical extension of SS uza sell and gazeti newspaper. spy. loaf around. Official.
Ametundika quotdivision twoquot. gt utajijeijei Watoto wa Kinondoni wana mambo mengi
madogo madogo. enjoy Metonymic extension of SS vinjari walk around in order to get to
know things. bare.Valuvalu.phr shilingi kwa noti mbili za shilingi TSh in two notes of TSh
Metonymic extension of SS kifaru rhinoceros. jobless youth who use to meet at a special
meeting place. He/She has the virus. Ametundika vijiti viwili. fiction. uncovered.and Alevel
Metonymic extension of SS vijiti viwili two small sticks. Tulifurahia mambo tukiwa safarini.
affair plus diminutive prefix vi. . small affairs Derivation from SS jambo matter. minyenyele.
box valuvalu adj enye mashaka uncertain gt Mambo yake valuvalu kweli. zunguka . Vijana
wasio na kazi wanapenda kuongea kijiweni kwao. vinjari v . based on the form .Yenye
mashaka. walk around. gt kiepe vifaru viwili n. This neologism is restricted to intellectuals.
spread and wazi open. shoti. loiter. probably not part of LyM. based on the image of rhinos
on the note. mdudu. Juma alisababisha ugomvi mkubwa. Old. Metonymic extension of
diminutive of SS jiwe stone. often using stones to sit on. ngwengwe. gt kanyaga miwaya. in
other cases the youth sit on logs. gt wekundu wa msimbazi vijamboz n mambo madogo
madogo small things. Stones are used as stools. furahia .LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA Utajua mwenyewe. Mambo vipi . Vijana wa vijiweni wanapenda kupiga stori.
Nimefurahia sherehe ile. Watoto wa Kino kwa vijamboz wameshindikana. uzushi n maneno
ya uongo lies Metonymic extension of SS uzushi invention. vijiti viwili n.phr daraja la pili
katika shule ya sekondari division two II in results of examination at O. Amekwenda kuuza
gazeti.
be afraid Ohly a . ashame . rafiki. . nunua kitu kilichotumika toka kwa mtu . mtu kutoka
kijijini. gt vunja bega. also reduced to the elliptical form vuta. chukua msichana kama
mchumba sleep with a girl. mtu asiye mwenyeji . gt vunja kishoka. mporipori. vunja kipepsi
vulia kofia v. vuta luzi v. Nashangaa unapotaka kuniaibisha. Mshamba alipoingia mjini . mtu
mwenyewe wa vunja kipepsi v. hiki kitu kama vipi tungepata vumba la kumiksi. mshamba .
impose. Anajifanya ni dereva lakini hajui kuendesha gari. gt vunja kishoka. pick plus LyM luzi
girl who is easy to get. stranger . Jamaa ameshakufa. while driving Hyperbolic metaphoric
extension of SS vunja break and LyM kipepsi elbow. Hoya. aibisha . Baba yake Juma
amefariki. country bumpkin Semantic extension based on SS ja come. Unaniambia nini
hapa. bungle Metonymic extension based on SS vungavunga not work properly. Anavunga
kuendesha gari. Ameenda kulala na msichana wake. gt kata kamba. . Nashangaa unapotaka
kunivua.phr shindwa be defeated Metonymic extension of SS vulia kofia take off the hat for
someone. . wabushi n mtu kutoka kijijini person from the rural area Metonymic extension
based on transfer from SE bush. udi.phr kitendo cha mtu kuutokeza mkono nje ya dirisha
akiwa kwenye gari let bended arm hang out of open window at the side of the car while
driving Hyperbolic metaphoric extension of SS vunja break and kishoka little axe.phr kufa die
Metaphorical extension of SS vuta pull plus kamba rope. Hoya. mbushi.. unajishusha
thamani. Wabushi alipoingia mjini . gt kinabo. viatu nimemvua Juma jana. wa kuja vunja
bega v. scent . ingekuwaje tukipata udi kwa kuchanganya na hiyo bangi vuta kamba. money
Dysphemistic metonymic extension of SS vumba bad smell of fish. Attested in older Swahili
slang for the meanings lie. pretend to be able to do. Nimeshindwa nawe / Umenishinda..
mlugaluga..phr kuukunja mkono na kuutokeza nje ya dirisha ukiwa kwenye gari let bent arm
hang out of open window of car . buy sth second hand from sb Metaphorical extension of SS
vua undress . au kitu chochote chenye harufu nzuri . vumba n/ . poteza vunga v
jidanganyisha cheat oneself.phr kitendo cha mtu kuutokeza mkono nje ya dirisha akiwa
kwenye gari put bended arm on the frame of the open window or let it hang out at the side of
the car while driving Hyperbolic metaphoric extension of SS vunja break and bega shoulder.
Nimekuvulia kofia. Rafiki. . vunja kipepsi wa kuja n . Baba yake Juma amevuta. unajivua utu
hivyo.phr lala na msichana. Hoya Babu. get a girlfriend Metaphoric extension of SS vuta pull.
gt kiluzi. layman. feign. vuta v pata pesa get money Semantic extension of SS vuta pull. luzi
wa bushi. Mwanangu. Hoya. vilikuwa ni vyake.. based on form of elbow and underarm. vuta
v. blunder while pretending to be able to perform expertly. Umevuta ngapi pale Umepata
shilingi ngapi pale Nimevuta tenga. Nimepata shilingi elfu moja. do careless work. Jamaa
keshavuta. vunja bega vunja kishoka v. viatu nimenunua toka kwa Juma. . pesa . Ameenda
kuvuta luzi lake. sb from the rural area. incense.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING vua n .
wear trousers pulled up to chest. rung. iliyotolewa mwaka note of TSh. majalala colour of the
sperm as well as on the pleasure with which the sexual act is associated. mporipori waka v
kutokuwa na pesa be broke Metaphorical extension of SS waka burn.LUGHA YA MITAANI
IN TANZANIA kuja. .phr . Ameingiza wheeldrive. pumzika . mtu mwenyewe siyo mwenyeji.
Ameweka kawawa. .. .phr noti moja ya shilingi . kaa katika staili fulani kwa muda . wamba v
vaa suruali kwa kuivuta juu na kufunga kwa mkanda. take a rest . Transfer of SE pause .
Watu fulani wenye miili mikubwa wanatutisha kwa maneno. arosto.phr weka gia katika gari la
Landrover ya zamani ambayo ilikuwa na gia ya pili fupi insert the transfer gear in a wheel
drive with two gearsticks as in old Landrover models. Nimeishiwa na pesa kabisa. weka tuta
We dereva. stop car Metonymic extension of SS weka put and tuta speed bump. Attested in
Sheng mawaya be broke Mbaabu na Nzuga . waluwalu n mtu asiyetulia hectic person lt
Babu Asha ni waluwalu. waya n . Juma ameshusha wazungu sana. Timu yetu ilifunga waya.
chalala. Attested for the meaning be broke in older Swahili slang Reynolds . Unaniambia nini
hapa. Dereva yule anachomoa na kuchomekea ovyo kwenye foleni.phr simama. gt arosto
weka kipago v. simamisha gari wekundu wa Msimbazi n. Dereva yule ni waluwalu kweli.
referring to the net of a goal. simamisha gari stand still. the one for putting in gear the wheel
drive being short Metaphorical expression based on an onomastic synecdoche motivated by
the stout short and strong stature and behaviour of the Tanzanian politician Rashidi Kawawa.
gt kinabo. Yule broo kawamba bonge la kombati. and tightened with a belt. Rafiki Asha ni
mwanamke ovyo. Timu yetu ilifunga goli. Unaniweka njiapanda. It could also be possible that
wire is a metonymic extension of quotshort circuitquot . Oya pailoti. based on the thin form of
a wire. unajifanya wa mjini. hali ya kuishiwa pesa . wazungu n shahawa. weka tuta v.
Unaniweka kipago. Katika mpira wa miguu goli . Nimeishiwa pesa. . Attested in older Swahili
slang with meaning be broke Ohly a . be broke . issued in Metonymic extension of SS
ekundu red and the place name Msimbazi road. unajifanya wa mjini. piga kibesi v. manii ya
wanaume sperm Euphemistic metaphorical extension of SS wazungu Europeans. Nimewaka
kabisa rafiki. weka pozi v. Yule kaka kavaa bonge la suruali ya kombati.phr acha bila
maelezo leave without instructions Semantic extension of SS kipago step. pose . Njemba
njemba flani zinatuwekea kibesi. Metonymic extension of SS wamba stretch over. Oya.
Metaphorical extension of SS waya wire. ulimwagia shahawa weka kawawa v. Ohly a . weka
kibesi. mlugaluga. Juma ameshusha shahawa sana. Transfer from SE pose. Niko waya. In
football goal . Metonymic extension of SS waya wire. gt apeche alolo.phr tisha mtu kwa
maneno threaten sb with words Transfer from SE bass. based on the . vipi ulimshushia
wazungu Je.
bwana gt chomoa. fat bottom Most informants had no idea about the origin of this lexeme.
toa kiwingu wowowo. A very nice and expensive watch.UTA REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND
KIELING The headquarters of the famous football team quotSimbaquot is located in
Msimbazi Road. cheat Metaphorical extension of causative derivation of SS yeyuka dissolve.
jikata. Nimekusubiri. shwari kwa mambo good. Anahangaikahangaika. sway lt Mchuma
ulikuwa unayesa kinoma. Manzi huyu ana wowowo. mkundu. Cognitive motivation colour.
have gone Metaphorical extension of SS yeyuka melt. if a woman with big buttocks passes in
the street . jisanzua. taarabu. mwanachuo mwaka wa kwanza . Ah. Mambo yako safi. babu
lake. Mwuza pombe Pombe yangu leo imekwisha mapema. mshamba . dongo limeyeyuka.
nzuri. jamaa yangu. k. wasiwasi. gt anza. danganya tell lies. layman. timua. Marafiki. timka.
Marafiki wameondoka zao. wochi n saa watch Transfer from SE watch. Reference to a
scandal which happened in Africa. country bumpkin . make off . Machizi wameyeya zao.
mporipori. restlessness lt Oya mshikaji. Mwuza pombe Pombe yangu leo imeyeyuka
mapema. calm regarding affairs lt Restricted to combination with mambo. which existed in
the s . mapolisi wanaopanda daladala bila kulipa nauli foul egg Metaphorical extension of SS
expression yai viza foul egg. run away lt Masela hapa ni soo. . haja kubwa. inatubidi tuyeye.
hali ya kutotulia hastiness. potea. lala mbele. freshman Onomastic synecdoche of
quotyeboyeboquot. In KKS . gt mapepe yeketee disc safi. Yule ni yeboyebo. Msichana
mdogo huyu ana matako makubwa. liquefy. mavi. kipa. Woch la nguvu kinoma. hapa ni
balaa.wowoquot. ondoka . yai viza n. usiwe na wasiwasi Ana mawenge sana.phr kitu kisicho
halali. shuzi yeya v ondoka. usiwe na mzuka Rafiki. piga bunda. and the team colour of
Simba is red. ndmbolo. ishia.. toa kiwingu yeyuka v kwisha. tuliza wenge. jamaa ana
wowowo yule. expression of admiration. Yule ni mshamba. kula kona. uchangamfu wa kupita
kiasi. Ah. hukutokea. timua. Two hypotheses were offered as being probable . When their
music was played people used to danse and call out quotTukunyema mpaka chini . Chwee
rega. gt bambataa. yesa v . gt vifaru viwili yeboyebo n . ondoka be finished. chomoa. Yule
mama ana matako makubwa kweli. wowo n matako makubwa big buttocks.m. mlugaluga.
bwana Toka hapa. Gari lilikuwa linayumba kupita kiasi. tukunyema. the name of an
industrially produced banana drink which failed on the market. melt. jamaa ana matako
makubwa yule. Hakuna. jikata. kibinda. yumba . jiachia. timka. Yule mama ana wowowo
kweli. That dog was barking quotwowowoquot. jisanzua. Mambo yako yeketee. hurry.
involving a dog sodomizing a woman. kipa. ishia. Mimi jana mbona umeniyeyusha. hajatulia.
Yeya. wa kuja wenge n/ haraka. inatubidi tuondoke. yeyusha v sema uongo. kimbia go away.
Own hypothesis Onomastic synecdoche of the musicstyle called quotTukunyemaquot of the
band quotMK Beatsquot. mbushi. ugali umeisha. tulia. gt kinabo.
tungi zimisha fegi v. . luck lt Popularised by a verse in the song of II Proud quotMoja kwa
mojaquot chelea pina . Jamaa amedhulumiwa. kwenda mahali po pote au kwenye tukio lo
lote kama arusi n. cork. kimeo. Leo nataka kuzamia debe kwenda bondeni. Huyu amealikwa
. . something problematic. . eg. sheshe. I disappeared in England.zali zalina noma sina.
stimu zamia meli v. oppress Hyperbolic metaphoric extension of SS zika bury. gt jichimbia.
zidi kete v. Jamaa kazikwa. Nimekusubiri. Yule amelewa sana.LUGHA YA MITAANI IN
TANZANIA Jana umenidanganya. zegembe n matako makubwa big buttocks lt gt bambataa.
wowowo zali n . chess Nimekuzidi kete. Mimi ni bora kulko wewe. hukutokea.k.
Umenikatisha tamaa. zamia v . gt fegi. bwana. . Tuliona wanatuyeyusha. Tuliona
wanatudanganya. za kigeni n. zimika / zimikia v lewa sana be very drunk Hyperbolic
extension of SS zimika have fainted.phr kuwa bora kuliko mtu mwingine be better than so
else Metaphorical extension of SS zidi kete have more playing stones in a game. kazamia tu.
immigrate illegally into a town or country Metaphorical extension of SS zama submerse.
hamia sehemu kwa kutumia njia za panya zisizo halali . safiri bila kibali maalum. keroro.
kizaazaa. zingua v hangaisha. danganya bother. Leo nataka kupanda kutoroka kwa meli
kwenda Afrika Kusini. kaja bila mwaliko. confuse. common dish in Tanzania North
Metonymic extension based on similarity of form fresh concrete. fill a hole. Also attested in
Sheng Mbaabu amp Nzuga . Mama amezidi sana kupika makande. Nilizama Uingereza.
matatizo . bila kibali disappear. zama. Jana nimelewa sana pombe. soo ziba v lewa get
drunk Dysphemistic metaphoric extension of SS ziba plug. mzamiaji zika v dhulumu treat
unjustly. shit . dive for. tinginya. unwrap Usinizingue Usinihangaishe Ye anataka
kunizingua.Ah. changanya. .phr katisha tamaa disappoint Metaphoric extension based on SS
zima extinguish plus SE fag. be drowned in. i. plunge into. Amenizika. . chicha. bahati .
bunduki. Jana nimeziba sana pombe. Umenizimisha fegi. Huyu amealikwa hapa . cheat
Metaphoric extension of SS zingua unroll.phr habari za ajabu false story Metonymic
extension of SS foreign Usilete za kigeni. noma. I lived there without passport or visa. bao.
drown. Yule amezimika. gt kasheshe. Usilete habari za ajabu. Yeye anataka kunidanganya.
gt bwi. trouble.Hapana.e. Prof. gt miyeyusho together. Ilikuwa ni bahati yake tu. Jay had a
song quotZali la mentaliquot The luck of the poor guy in . Mama amezidi sana kupika zege.
Ilikuwa ni zali lake tu. zari gt zali zege n makande maize and beans cooked . msala.
Amenidhulumu.phr safiri kwa meli bila mtu kujua be on board of a ship as blind passenger
Dysphemistic extension of SS zamia sink down into.
kumaliza nywele zote completely shaved head Metaphorical extension of SS zungu
European and unga flour Cognitive motivation The boss of drug dealers is called mzungu wa
unga. country bumpkin lt gt ziro. The phrase seems to be in the process of being replaced by
fresh ya unga. zilo n mtu asiye na akili. zezeta zuka v tokea appear Metonymic extension of
SS zuka emerge. mpumbavu fool. cause to go round and augmentative of mpira ball gt
mnoko .phr kipara kabisa.mtu aliyezubaa. Juzi walami walizuka maskani kwetu. mshamba
stupid person. pop up suddenly. Probably the hairstyle is worn by drug dealers. Juzi
wazungu walitokea nyumbani kwetu.phr suta denounce sb to sb Metaphorical extension of
SS zungushia put round. zungu la unga n. especially used by teachers to call unable pupils
Wewe ni ziro nini Wewe huna akili gt boga zoba n mtu asiye na akili. gt fresh ya unga
zungushia pira v. layman. stupid person Metonymic extension of transfer from SE zero.UTA
REUSTERJAHN amp ROLAND KIELING ziro. mjinga.