ALWAYS BEING MADE NEW: THE CAMPAIGN FOR THE ELCA SYNODICAL RENEWING CONGREGATIONS STRATEGIES Evaluation Plan For Template Congregational Vitality Project 12000 N. Washington St. #385 Thornton CO 80241 (303) 523-3144 9/12/2016 1 Evaluation Plan Background The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America awarded funds to this synod for a congregational renewal project. These funds came from the Always Being Made New campaign. The purpose of the funds is to allow synods and congregations to experiment with contextually relevant renewal practices. Lessons learned from these experiments will inform future renewal efforts throughout the church. Objective The objective of this evaluation plan is to help congregations, synods and churchwide organization understand the impact of each intervention on the participating congregations. This evaluation uses a Participatory Action Research model. That means information gathered under throughout the process will be used to provide feedback so that it can be improved as it goes along. This feedback process will happen both within and across participating synods. When data are aggregated within each synod and across all participating synods we hope to learn which kinds of congregations benefit from which kinds of assistance. Another objective of the evaluation plan is to understand the cumulative impact of campaign dollars on congregations. This information along with key learnings may be shared with donors as a form of accountability. Outcomes Each grantee agrees to measure the outcomes outlined in the customized Logic Model presented as Attachment 1. Specific ways for measuring each outcome are also listed. Reporting Each grantee will provide three kinds of reports during the life of the grant. 1. Annual Report – due one year after initial grant and each year after that. 2. Mid-term report – due approximately half way through the approved grant cycle 3. Final Report – due two months after the end of the grant cycle. Forms for each report will be provided by the ELCA and completed by the synod. The final report will be accompanied by an external analysis performed by Linda Bobbitt using the data collected from congregations throughout the process. Evaluation tools for each participating congregations 2 See the timeline for details about when each of these tools is used. 1. Pre-test: Lead Readiness survey (Attachment 2) 2. Congregational Vitality Survey: Pre and Post 3. Leader Reflection: Optional after final training (Attachment 3) 4. Congregation Reflection: After program completion (required), and one year later (optional) (Attachment 4) 5. Logic Model score sheet (completed based on final reflection) (Attachment 6) 6. Reflection score sheet (completed by DEM and Linda Bobbitt) (Attachment 5) Data Collection One time Events 1. Ask each participant to complete a short evaluation at the end of the event. This evaluation should ask them to name some things they learned and how they plan to use the information when they return to the congregation. 2. Follow-up three months later with an email asking how they have implemented what they learned. 3. Use score sheet and logic model to rate responses. Send all score sheets to Linda. Congregational Renewal Cohorts: Done for each congregation at beginning, and end of the project Pretest- before first gathering 1. Complete Congregational Vitality Survey with every congregation participant on a designated Sunday 2. Leadership team complete Lead Readiness Survey for congregation 3. Pastor confirm average worship attendance and mission support Final 1. 2. 3. 4. Complete Congregational Vitality Survey with every member on a designated Sunday Pastor confirm average worship attendance and mission support Individual members asked to do the Leader Reflection Congregational team asked to do the Congregation reflection together Synod 1. Synod planning team will complete synod reflection at midterm and final 2. DEM and Linda will score each congregation’s reflections on Logic Model Score sheet and Reflection Score sheet. They will then compare notes and come to consensus on scores for each participating congregation. Confidentiality Unless congregations choose to send information to the synod first, only Linda Bobbitt and other ELCA research staff will have access to any data that would reveal the identity of specific participants and/or their congregations. This information will be aggregated for any reports. Permission will be asked of the participating congregation/individual before information that identifies the participant it is shared with the synod or wider church. 3 The ELCA will retain access to the data from this research for their own purposes outside of this project, providing they maintain the confidentiality of participants at all times. Timeline Action One-time training events Complete evaluations and score Follow-up survey Start Cohort Finalize participating congregations For Fall 2017 Initial Cong. Vitality Survey Complete Lead Survey Confirm worship attendance and giving Time Frame At the end of the training 3 months after each event Before first session “ “ “ Begin Cohort sessions Annual report Mid-term report? Wrap up Cohort Final Cong. Vitality Survey Record final worship attendance & giving Final individual reflections Final Congregational Reflections Continue cycle of cohorts throughout project Final Evaluation Estimated Due Date varies Half-way through project After all sessions 2 months after completion “ “ “ July 1, 2017, 2018, 2019 January 1, 2018 ?? September 1, 2019 Template Synod: I hereby agree to the evaluation plan outlined in this document. ________________________ Synod Representative ______________ Date _______________________ Title 4 Attachment 1: Logic Model for Congregational Renewal Cohorts Inputs/Resources ELCA Renewal Team trains the trainers (regional renewal teams); the DEM/trainers train the congregations Grant and synod provides for registration/hotel for synod team and synod team pays transportation to training Congregations that host events provide hospitality and free will offering taken for meals Supplies paid for by synod Activities/Programs Renewal activities Outputs X congregations participate in each cohort New cohorts each year Short-term Difference Expected of participating teams: Establish spiritual practices Listening Work (internal/external) leads to learning Experimenting leads to learning Reflection leads to learning Long-term Difference Deeper cong. connections with God, each other and world Theological imagination expanded – able to articulate what God is up to and how they join God. Clarified sense of purpose within God’s mission – articulate mission and next steps Increased engagement with neighbors New leaders identified and engaged Increased mission support Increased worship attendance 5 Measuring Progress Cohort Rubric Measurement Evidence that the Difference is occurring, but in a MINOR way Reflection Leaders describe that spiritual practices have become part of congregational life and are now informing their continued work. Spiritual practices happen but it does not appear to be informing their work. No regular spiritual practice yet Reflection Leaders describe listening activities they’ve done that are now informing their continued work. Listening activities have happened but are not yet being used to inform work. No listening activities have taken place yet. Reflection Leaders describe experiments they’ve done that are now informing their continued work. Experiments have happened but are not yet used to inform work. No experimentation have taken place yet. Reflection Leaders describe reflections they’ve done that are now informing their continued work. Reflections have happened but are not yet used to inform work. No reflections have taken place yet. Reflection Congregation can articulate their mission/purpose and has clear next steps. Vague mission/purpose and/or vague next steps. Use reflection score sheet with 1-7 scale (afterward) Leaders describe shifts in missional imagination. (score of 6-7) Progress but transformation incomplete. (score 4-5) Congregation cannot articulate a sense of mission/purpose. No shift in imagination, little or no God language. (score 1-3) Reflection Leaders describe concrete ways they now engage with their context in a subject to subject manner. Some local connections but still subject/object, transactional or purely attractional. No new activities. Congregational Vitality Survey at beginning of process and the end. Annually after (Measures people in pews) Reflection Vitality scores all over 4 or improved from pre-test. Increases in specific practices or specific scores. (TBD) Some improvements, but not significant from time 1 to time 2 Do change or decrease New lay leaders are named and specific roles they’ve played are identified Lay leaders are named but haven’t played leadership role yet No new leaders identified Annual report: Average worship attendance Worship attendance increases more than 5% and congregations have enough people to participate in ministry. Congregations are holding steady in attendance. Worship attendance decreases more than 5% Annual Report: % shared with synod, income/expenses of congregation Congregations experience increased contributions from members. Congregations increase percentage given to synod. Some improvements, but not significant from time 1 to time 2 Congregations’ expenses are higher than income. Spiritual practices Listening Experimenting Reflecting Clear Purpose within God’s mission & path forward Expanded Missional Imagination Increased engagement in local context Deeper cong. connections with God, each other, world New Leadership Worship attendance Generous Giving Evidence that the Difference has yet to happen Evidence that the Difference is occurring in a MAJOR way Key Categories of Focus 6 Measuring Progress for Congregations: Score sheet One sheet for each congregation after project completion Place an x in the box that best matches the description in Attachment 1 Congregation name: __________________ City:________________ CongID:___________ Date: ______________ Key Categories of Focus Spiritual practices Listening Measurement tool Reflecting Clear Purpose within God’s mission & path forward Expanded Missional Imagination Increased engagement in local context Final Reflection Worship attendance Generous Giving Evidence that the Difference has yet to happen Final Reflection Final Reflection New Leadership Evidence that the Difference is occurring, but in a MINOR way Final Reflection Experimenting Deeper cong. connections with God, each other, world Evidence that the Difference is occurring in a MAJOR way Final Reflection Final Reflection Final Reflection Congregational Vitality SurveyLinda will complete Final Reflection Annual report: Average worship attendance Linda will complete Annual Report: % shared with synod, income/expenses of congregation Linda will complete 7 Attachment 1b: Logic Model for One-time events Inputs/Resources o Trainer o Host congregation Activities/Programs Short term workshops Short-term Difference Outputs X people from y congregations participate Did they learn what you taught them? Do they have a plan to use the information. Long-term Difference 2-3 month follow up – what have you done with training 8 Event Project Evaluation Rubric After each training, ask members to answer two questions: what have you learned, and what are your next steps (or some variation of those questions). Collect the responses and ask someone in the synod to read the answers and mark each response using the rating sheet in Attachment 1. Total the marks in teach box. The total responses in each row should equal the total number of participants. Key Categories of Focus Leaders articulate what they learned Leaders have clear ideas of how to implement Measurement Evidence that the Difference is occurring in a MAJOR way Evidence that the Difference is occurring, but in a MINOR way Evidence that the Difference has yet to happen Answer to 2 open ended questions (immediately after or at the end of training) Leaders describe what they have learned in clear, specific terms. What they learned corresponds with what was taught. Leaders have vague ideas of what they learned or describe things not taught in class. Leaders are not able to describe what they learned. Answer to 2 open ended questions (immediately after or at the end of training) Leaders articulate clear next steps Leaders articulate vague next steps Leaders don’t articulate next steps. Event Project Follow-up Two months after each training, ask participants to answer the following question: Please describe how you have used _____ training. (give specific examples of what you have done). Collect the responses and ask someone in the synod to read the answers and mark each response using the rating sheet in Attachment 1. Total the marks in teach box. The total responses in each row should equal the total number of people who responded to the follow-up. Date of follow-up: ______________ Number responding: ___________ Key Categories of Focus Leaders implement next steps Measurement Follow-up survey & reflection 3 months later? Evidence that the Difference is occurring in a MAJOR way Leaders can name specific steps they have taken Evidence that the Difference is occurring, but in a MINOR way Leaders implemented started planning but have not yet implemented action plan Evidence that the Difference has yet to happen Leaders did not implement training. 9 Event Project Evaluation Score sheet (one for each event) After each training, ask members to answer two questions: what have you learned, and what are your next steps (or some variation of those questions). Collect the responses and ask someone in the synod to read the answers and mark each response using the rating sheet in Attachment 1. Total the marks in teach box. The total responses in each row should equal the total number of participants. Date of event: ______________ Number participants:_______ Number responding: ___________ Key Categories of Focus Leaders articulate what they learned Leaders have clear ideas of how to implement Measurement Evidence that the Difference is occurring in a MAJOR way Evidence that the Difference is occurring, but in a MINOR way Evidence that the Difference has yet to happen Answer to 2 open ended questions (immediately after or at the end of training) Answer to 2 open ended questions (immediately after or at the end of training) Event Project Follow-up Two months after each training, ask participants to answer the following question: Please describe how you have used _____ training. (give specific examples of what you have done). Collect the responses and ask someone in the synod to read the answers and mark each response using the rating sheet in Attachment 1. Total the marks in teach box. The total responses in each row should equal the total number of people who responded to the follow-up. Date of follow-up: ______________ Number responding: ___________ Key Categories of Focus Leaders implement next steps Measurement Evidence that the Difference is occurring in a MAJOR way Evidence that the Difference is occurring, but in a MINOR way Evidence that the Difference has yet to happen Follow-up survey & reflection 3 months later? 10 Attachment 1c: Logic Model multi-session long term individual training programs (not congregational teams) Inputs/Resources Activities/Programs Training resources Host congregation or site Long term leadership training Outputs X people participate from y congregations Short-term Difference They learned what you taught They have a plan to use what you taught them Long-term Difference They establish practices you taught Theological imagination expanded – able to articulate what God is up to and how they join God. 11 Measuring Progress for long term training: Rubric Key Categories of Focus Measurement Leader Reflection (immediately after or at the end of training) Specific outcome depends on the class: Evidence that the Difference is occurring in a MAJOR way Leaders describe what they have learned in clear, specific terms. Evidence that the Difference is occurring, but in a MINOR way Evidence that the Difference has yet to happen Leaders meet describe what they learned in vague terms or do a good job describing what they learned, but have not started practicing it yet. Leaders are not able to describe what they learned. The things they describe match what you taught in the class. Leaders describe shifts in missional imagination scale below. (score of 6-7) Progress but transformation incomplete. (score 4-5) No shift in imagination, little or no God language. (score 1-3) Leaders describe how they have started practicing what they have learned in their congregation. Leaders have expanded missional imaginations Leader Reflection (immediately after or at the end of training) Leaders have clear ideas of how to implement Leader Reflection (immediately after or at the end of training) Leaders articulate clear next steps Leaders articulate vague next steps Leaders don’t articulate next steps. Leaders implement next steps Follow-up survey & reflection Leaders can name specific steps they have taken Leaders implemented some next steps but fell short of initial plan Leaders did not implement training. Describe the individual missional imagination overall change Based on the individual reflection, indicate the one response that best represents the leader’s movement or lack of movement in missional imagination. ____ This leader is moving in the wrong direction in both attitude and direction. (1) ____ This leader is stuck in the old/unhealthy model– no appreciable movement in attitudes or behaviors. No willingness or ability to work on these things at this time. It may be the wrong time for this leader to work on leadership skills. (2) ____ This leader is struggling– he or she wants to make progress but feels stuck, conflicted or have substantial barriers that keep them from progressing. Change is needed (barriers overcome) before he/she will be able to move forward. (3) ____ There has been a positive change in attitude and/or knowledge, but it is not yet reflected in behaviors/practices. He/she appears to be moving in the right direction without enough barriers to derail the process. It is still early in the process. (4) ____ There appears to be some positive movement in attitudes and behaviors/practices, but the transformation is incomplete so far. (5) ____ This leader has transformed from an old model or unhealthy situation to a predominantly new/healthy model (6) ____ This leader was always and continues to be in the new/healthy model (7) 12 Measuring Progress of long term training: Score sheet Key Categories of Focus Measurement Specific outcome depends on the class: Leader Reflection (immediately after or at the end of training) Leaders have expanded missional imaginations Leader Reflection (immediately after or at the end of training) Leaders have clear ideas of how to implement Leader Reflection (immediately after or at the end of training) Leaders implement next steps Follow-up survey & reflection Evidence that the Difference is occurring in a MAJOR way Evidence that the Difference has yet to happen Evidence that the Difference is occurring, but in a MINOR way . Describe the individual missional imagination overall change Based on the individual reflection, indicate the one response that best represents the leader’s movement or lack of movement in missional imagination. ____ This leader is moving in the wrong direction in both attitude and direction. (1) ____ This leader is stuck in the old/unhealthy model– no appreciable movement in attitudes or behaviors. No willingness or ability to work on these things at this time. It may be the wrong time for this leader to work on leadership skills. (2) ____ This leader is struggling– he or she wants to make progress but feels stuck, conflicted or have substantial barriers that keep them from progressing. Change is needed (barriers overcome) before he/she will be able to move forward. (3) ____ There has been a positive change in attitude and/or knowledge, but it is not yet reflected in behaviors/practices. He/she appears to be moving in the right direction without enough barriers to derail the process. It is still early in the process. (4) ____ There appears to be some positive movement in attitudes and behaviors/practices, but the transformation is incomplete so far. (5) ____ This leader has transformed from an old model or unhealthy situation to a predominantly new/healthy model (6) ____ This leader was always and continues to be in the new/healthy model (7) 13 Attachment 2 (For congregational teams) 14 Attachment 3 Leader Individual Reflection Please use this form to reflect on the ___(name of your synod project)____ you did with the synod some time ago and describe has happened since. Your responses will help synod staff and the larger church make changes in the future. Complete this form by answering information for each line or typing responses in the spaces below each question. Feel free to use as much space as you need – don’t worry about page breaks. Congregation/Organization_______________________ CongID: ________________________________ City:___________________ Synod: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Role of person that completed this form: ________________________________ Questions about your participation in this process. 1. Describe your particular role in this process. 2. Describe how you participated in following practices and how those practices have informed your work so far: (If you have not engaged these practices please say so.) a. Spiritual Practices (e.g. Dwelling in the Word, Biblical learning, discernment, prayer, etc.) b. Intentional Listening (e.g. one to ones, appreciative inquiry interviews, focus groups, etc.) c. Experimenting (e.g. trying new things) d. Reflecting (e.g. thinking about what happened and what you learned) Questions about the outcomes of this process. 3. Identify 2-3 discoveries you personally made about yourself during this process. Talk about why or in what way these were discoveries. (i.e. what information, understandings, experiences, practices, reflections did you gain in because of process?) 4. Describe how you personally informed or connected people in your own congregation/organization to this process. 5. Describe any new relationships have you personally established with the residents of your congregation’s neighborhood? 15 6. Write 3-5 short statements about yourself based on what you learned. They will start with “I used to….” And end with “now I…..” (e.g. I used to (think, feel, have the habit of, have an attitude of, or do) __________; Now I (think, feel, have the habit of, have an attitude of, or do) __________.) Moving forward: 7. What did you realize or get reminded of while writing this reflection? 8. In light of this process, what do you think do you think is the best next step for your own development as a leader? 9. In light of this process, what do you think do you think is the best next step for your organization/congregation? 10. Describe anything that might keep you from continuing this journey. 11. Describe what gifts or assets you bring that will help you move forward in God’s mission. 12. How can the synod continue to support you moving forward? Thank you for reflecting on your experience. Please save and return to: [email protected] These responses will be shared verbatim with your synod staff so that they can learn from you. Your responses will also be complied as part of a national research project. Reports from the national project may include descriptions of substance of your comments and some quotes without identifying specific individuals or groups. 16 Attachment 4 Congregational Reflection Please use this form to reflect on the ___(name of your synod project)____ you did with the synod some time ago and describe has happened since. Your responses will help synod staff and the larger church make changes in the future. Complete this form by answering information for each line or typing responses in the spaces below each question. Feel free to use as much space as you need – don’t worry about page breaks. Congregation: ____________________________ CongID: ________________________________ City:___________________ Synod: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Person/Group that completed this form: ________________________________ Questions about your congregation’s participation in this process. 1. Describe how you and/or your congregation participated in following practices and how those practices have informed your work so far: (If you have not engaged these practices please say so.) a. Spiritual Practices (Dwelling in the Word, Biblical learning, discernment, prayer, etc.) b. Intentional Listening (e.g. one to ones, appreciative inquiry interviews, focus groups, etc.) c. Experimenting (e.g. trying new things) d. Reflecting (e.g. thinking about what happened and what you learned) 2. If coaching was involved in this process, talk about how your team worked with your coach. Describe what (if any) impact the coaching experience had your work? 3. Please write the names of any new lay leadership that has emerged in this process. Describe what role each person has played so far. Questions about the outcomes of this process. 4. In your own words, what is your congregation’s current purpose? (Don’t just cite your mission statement, talk about what it means. If you don’t have a clear sense of your congregation’s purpose, say “not sure”.) 17 5. Identify 2-3 discoveries your leadership team made during this process. Talk about why or in what way these were discoveries. (i.e. what information, understandings, experiences, practices, reflections did you gain in because of process?) 6. In light of this process, share examples of new ways this congregation now actively connects people with… a. God b. each other c. the world (your local context and beyond). 7. Describe any new relationships your congregation established with the residents of your community. 8. Write 3-5 short statements about your congregation based on what you learned. They will start with “We used to….” And end with “now we…..” (e.g. We used to (think, feel, have the habit of, have an attitude of, or do) __________; Now we (think, feel, have the habit of, have an attitude of, or do) __________.) Moving forward: 9. What did you learn or get reminded of while doing this reflection? 10. What are your next steps? 11. Describe anything in your congregation that might keep from continuing this journey. 12. Describe what gifts or assets your congregation has that will help you move forward in God’s mission. 13. How can the synod continue to support you moving forward? Thank you for reflecting on your experience. Please save and return to: [email protected] These responses will be shared verbatim with your synod staff so that they can learn from you. Your responses will also be complied as part of a national research project. Reports from the national project may include descriptions of substance of your comments and some quotes without identifying specific individuals or groups. 18 Attachment 5: Completed for each congregation reflection by David and Linda, then compared. Marking Congregational Change in Attitudes and Practices Congregation: ________________ Cong ID__________ Synod: ____________ Date: ______________ Each synod seeks to engage the missional imagination of congregational leaders. We expect changes in attitudes to eventually result in new behaviors/practices. See the second page for examples of old/new or unhealthy/healthy attitudes and behaviors. After reading congregational reflections, copy the text or summarize content in the appropriate column below. The result will be a list of examples of the attitudes and practices described in the reflection grouped by whether they represent an old or unhealthy model, new or healthy model or movement toward a new or healthier model. Look specifically for “God language”. Note when/if God is used as the subject of action verbs (e.g. God does x). Look specifically for attitudes and practices or behaviors relating to mission, motivation, leadership development, relationships among congregation members, and relationships with local community. Attitudes Old model or unhealthy attitudes Movement New-model or healthy attitudes Movement New-model or healthy practices Practices or Behaviors Old model or unhealthy behaviors Describe the congregation’s overall change Consider the notations above. Indicate the one response that best represents the movement or lack of movement in this congregation. ____ This congregation is moving in the wrong direction in both attitude and direction. (1) ____ This congregation is stuck in the old/unhealthy model– no appreciable movement in attitudes or behaviors. No willingness or ability to work on these things at this time. It may be the wrong time for this congregation to work toward renewal. (2) ____ This congregation is struggling with resistance – some wanting to stay in the old and others trying to move toward the new. Some positive steps have been made, however the struggle has prevented significant, steady growth. Change is needed (resistance overcome) before they will be able to move forward. (3) ____ There has been a positive change in attitude, but it is not yet reflected in behaviors. They appear to be moving in the right direction without enough resistance to derail the process. It is still early in the process. (4) ____ There appears to be some positive movement in attitudes and behaviors/practices, but the transformation is incomplete so far. (5) ____ This congregation has transformed from an old model or unhealthy situation to a predominantly new/healthy model (6) ____ This congregation was always and continues to be in the new/healthy model (7) 19 Examples of Old/New model attitudes & behaviors Old model or unhealthy attitudes New model or Healthy attitudes Resistance or no buy for process Survival- fear based Scarcity Deficit focused (what we don’t have) Inward focus (country club or social club mentality) God not mentioned or distant/passive Afraid of God or of failing God Afraid to act – lack of confidence Church sends people to do mission Vague understanding of why they act as a church and as individual disciples Ask people to join us and what we do God is here and we share God with the community Subject to object (us/them) Congregation as an island in community Fixing problems to get us back to where we were. Afraid of or avoid/resist change Newcomers must learn the right way to do things “Plastic people” – we don’t talk about difficult things as individuals and/or congregation. Consumer mentality Competing with other congregations Pastor as Chaplin People like us are welcome Young people are the church of the future Enthusiastic about process Hopeful - optimistic Generosity & Abundance Asset based (what we do have) Outward focus (Driven into the world by God) God used with action words Trust God with success, free to fail Confident in God’s promises (ok to fail) Church itself is sent to do mission Intentionality of church and individuals Old model or unhealthy behaviors Shutting down creativity and action Ridged structures limit activities Reactive decision making and planning Conflict/tension or conflict avoidance Tight control over what happens or anything goes permission giving without focus Dysfunctional relationships and behaviors Secrets, poor or lack of communication Lack of intentional plan Cliques – especially in leadership Disconnect between faith and people’s daily life behaviors Evangelism efforts non-existent or designed only to get new members Neighborhood outreach nonexistent or only designed to attract members Vague leadership roles – blurred expectations Power/ authority used to control or assert dominance Can’t articulate clear purpose Join people to support what they want to do God is here and in community. We partner. Subject to subject (we are partners in community) Congregation as collaborative partner We are being transformed into something new Change is part of who we are and what we do Newcomers may show us new ways to do things Authenticity- we talk about what is actually happening in our lives and our church Sense of ownership among participants Collaborating with other congregations Pastor as coach Diversity is valued Young people are the church now. They are full members whose ideas/skills are sought out, valued and used. New-model or healthy behaviors Inspiring people to action Adaptive structures allow for experimentation Proactive decision making and planning Open/respectful discussion Creative, purpose focused experimentation with reflection and adaptation Collaborative, functional relationships Proactive, transparent, helpful communication Clear intentional plan for moving forward even if end goal is vague Rotating leaders, using the gifts of all including young people and newcomers Incarnational activities among people (talking about faith, living out vocational call) Evangelism = teaching people to share faith and invitation Neighborhood outreach that builds relationships and partners Clear leadership roles and expectations Power/authority used to lift up weaker members or community people (servant leaders) Very clear on purpose – can explain 20
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