DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CLOUD COMPUTING
PREPARED
BY
G.VIJAYA KUMAR
ASST.PROFESSOR
CLOUD COMPUTING
UNIT-1
UNIT-1
 Scalable computing over the internet:
 Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new
class of network based computing that takes place over the
Internet,
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basically a step on from Utility Computing
a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware,
software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
Using the Internet for communication and transport provides
hardware, software and networking services to clients
 These platforms hide the complexity and details of the
underlying infrastructure from users and applications by
providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications
Programming Interface).
UNIT-1
 Technologies for Network Based Systems: System
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Area Interconnects: A LAN is typically used to
connect clients to big servers.
A Storage Area Network (SAN) connects servers to
network storage such as disk arrays.
Network attached storage (NAS) connects servers
directly to disk arrays. All
3 types of networks often appear in a large cluster
built with commercial
network components.
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 NAS:A NAS is fundamentally a bunch of disks,
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usually arranged in a disk array.
Users and servers attach to the NAS primarily using
TCP/IP over Ethernet,
and the NAS has its own IP address. The primary job
of a NAS is to serve
files, so most NAS systems offer support for
Windows networking, HTTP,
plus file systems
UNIT-1
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System models for distributed and cloud computing:
Virtual Machines and Virtualization Middleware
To build clouds we need to aggregate large amounts of computing,
storage, and networking resources in a virtualized manner.
Specifically clouds rely on the dynamic virtualization of CPU,
memory, and I/O,Virtual Machines (VMs)The VM is built with
virtual resources managed by a guest OS to run a
specific application. Between the VMs and the host platform, a
middleware layer (called the Virtual Memory Monitor (VMM) or a
hypervisor) is deployed. Type 1 (bare metal) hypervisor
The bare metal hypervisor runs on the bare hardware and handles all
the Hardware (CPU, memory, and I/O) directly. This runs in the
privileged mode. The guest OS could any OS such as Linux, Windows
etc. They provide an almost native performance to the guest OSs
(VMs), generally losing only 34% of the Central Processing Unit’s
cycles to the
running of the hypervisor.
UNIT-1
 These can be classified into 4 groups: clusters, peer to
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peer networks, grids, and clouds .A
computing cluster consists of interconnected stand
alone computers which work cooperatively as a single
integrated computing resource. The
network of compute nodes are connected by LAN/SAN
and are typically
homogeneous with distributed control running
Unix/Linux. They are suited
to HPC
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 P2P network: every node (peer) acts as both a client
and server. Peers act autonomously to join or leave
the network. No central coordination or central
database is needed. No peer machine has a global
view of the entire
 P2P system. The system is self organizing with
distributed control.
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 P2P Networks are classified into different groups:
 Distributed File Sharing, content distribution of MP3
music, video, etc. E.g. Gnutella, Napster, Bit Torrent
 Collaboration P2P networks Skype chatting, instant
messaging, gaming etc.Distributed P2P computing
 :
specific
application
computing
such
as
SETI@homeprovides 25 T-flops of distributed
computing power over 3 million Internet host
machines.
UNIT-1
 , Performance, Security and Energy Efficiency:
 Cloud
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Computing represents the most promising Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) paradigm that is directly
or indirectly used by almost every online user. Its ultra scale size requires large
data centers comprising several thousands of servers
and other supporting equipment. The power consumption share of such
infrastructures reaches 1.1% to 1.5% of the total electricity
use worldwide, and is projected to rise even more. In this paper, we describe
recent trends in Cloud Computing regarding the
energy efficiency of its supporting infrastructure. We present the state of the art
approaches found in literature and in practice
covering servers, networking, Cloud management systems and appliances,
which consists of a software utilized by end users.
We describe benefits and trade-offs when applying energy efficiency
techniques, and finally we extract existing challenges and
highlight future research directions
UNIT-1
 Parallel and Distributed Programming Environment:
 Message Passing Interface
 (MPI) is the primary programming standard used to
develop parallel programs to run on a distributed
system.
 Map Reduce:
 This is a web programming model for scalable data
processing on large clusters over large
UNIT-1
 Hadoop :A software platform to write and run large
data sets. Hadoop is scalable, economical, efficient
 And user applications on vast datasets in business
reliable in providing users with easy access of and
advertising applications.