«Школа - центр по развитию творческих способностей
одаренных детей»
Английский язык
ЗАДАНИЕ 7
Passive Voice .
Страдательный залог
Глагол используется в действительном залоге, когда подлежащее в предложении
обозначает лицо или предмет, совершающий действие, обозначенное глаголом.
Страдательный залог глагола используется, когда подлежащее в предложении обозначает
лицо или предмет, над которым совершается действие, обозначенное глаголом. Как правило,
в страдательном залоге может употребляться только глагол, требующий дополнения
(переходный).
The ball was struck by the boy. Gold has been found by the explorers
Для некоторых временных форм глаголов в действительном залоге существуют
соответствующие временные формы страдательного залога, которые используются по тем же
правилам. В страдательном залоге глагол to be используется в качестве вспомогательного
глагола. Страдательный залог английского глагола образуется при помощи соответствующей
формы глагола to be и причастия прошедшего времени основного глагола.
Предложения в страдательном залоге также могут содержать указание на исполнителя действия, который вводится при помощи предлога by
This text was translated by me. The letter is written by my mother
Иногда глагол to have используется в качестве вспомогательного глагола при образовании
страдательного залога. Обычно он используется в значении «организовывать, устраивать» и
«описывать произошедшее»
I have mу car served. Не had his arm broken when playing rugby.
Иногда глагол to get используется в качестве вспомогательного глагола при образовании
страдательного залога. Обычно он используется в предложениях с отрицательным значением
и выражает скорее действие, чем состояние
The dog got run over by the car.
Обратите внимание на использование глагола to show в настоящем времени в
действительном и страдательном залогах!
I show
I am shown
you show
you are shown
he shows
he is shown
she shows
she is shown
it shows
it is shown
we show
we are shown
they show
they are shown
Запомните особенности образования страдательного залога в разных временных
формах!
Present
Simple
The letter is written.
Past
The letter was written.
Future
The letter will be
written.
Continuous
The letter is being
written.
The letter was being
written.
Perfect
The letter has been
written.
The letter had been
written.
—
Perfect Continuous
—
The letter will have
been written.
—
—
Passive Voice
Simple
Простое
обычное,
регулярное
Infinitive
Инфинитив
to be V3
Present
Настоящее
am
is
are
Past
Прошедшее
was Jv
were J
Future
Будущее
sha"
will
v3
Perfect
Завершенное
Progressive
Происходящее
в определенный
момент
to be being V3
am
is
are
being V3
Perfect
Progressive
Длящееся уже
определенный
промежуток
времени
to have been V3
have
has
was 1, . ,,
being V. were I
been V3
—
—
had been V3
—
" [ have been V,
—
3
[beVa
1
—
sha
will I
Обратите внимание на особенности построения разных типов предложений во всех
временных формах страдательного залога на примере глагола to askl
The Present Indefinite Passive
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative
I am asked.
Am I asked?
I am not asked.
You are asked.
Are you asked?
You are not asked.
He is asked.
Is he asked?
He is not asked.
She is asked.
Is she asked?
She is not asked.
It is asked.
Is it asked?
It is not asked.
We are asked.
Are we asked?
We are not asked.
You are asked.
Are you asked?
You are not asked.
They are asked.
Are they asked?
They are not asked.
Обратите внимание на сравнение форм действительного и страдательного
залога.
Present Simple: am / is / are + V3
Active: People damage the environment.
Passive: The environment is damaged by the people.
Past Simple: was / were + V3
Active: People damaged the environmentvery much in the 1970's.
Passive: The environment was damaged very much in the 1970's.
Future Simple: will / shall be + V3
Active: People will damage the environment in the future. Passive:
The environment will be damaged in the future.
Present Progressive: am / is / are being + V3
Active: People are damaging the environment at this very
moment. Passive: The environment is being damaged at this
very moment.
Past Progressive: was / were being + V3
Active: People were damaging the environment when I was born.
Passive: The environment was being damaged when I was born.
Present Perfect: have / has been + V3
Active: People have already damaged the environment. Passive: The
environment has already been damaged
Past Perfect: had been + V3
Active: People had already damaged the environment by the time
I was born. Passive: The environment had already been
damaged by the time
I was born.
Future Perfect: have been + V3
Active: People will have damaged the environment before her
grandchildren are born. Passive: The environment will have
been damaged before her grandchildren are born.
Обратите внимание: Как и в действительном залоге, после модальных глаголов can, may, must, should следует употреблять начальную форму без частицы
"to". Предложения с модальными глаголами, где смысловой глагол стоит в
страдательном залоге, обычно переводятся безличными предложениями.
The cathedral can be seen from anywhere in the city— Собор видно (можно
увидеть) с любой точки в городе
Переведите с русского языка на английский.
Каждый день в мире изобретают новые компьютерные программы.
К концу XX столетия в мире изобретут немало новых компьютерных программ.
В прошлом году в мире изобрели немало новых компьютерных программ.
Когда мы пришли на экскурсию в компьютерный центр, там изобретали новые
компьютерные программы.
5) Когда ты родился, уже было изобретено немало компьютерных программ.
6) Новые компьютерные программы будут изобретены в компьютерном центре в
следующем году.
7) Когда мы придем на экскурсию в компьютерный центр, там будут изобретать
новые компьютерные программы.
1)
2)
3)
4)
«Школа - центр по развитию творческих способностей
одаренных детей»
Английский язык
ЗАДАНИЕ 8
Прочитайme текст u заполните пропуски I — 6 частями предложений,
обозначенными буквами А — G. Одна из частей в списке А _ G лишняя.
Reading is a particularly crucial skill, especially in our modern society. In fact most, if
not all, employers expect reading 1___ However, the sad truth remains that while
most people can read, not all of them can comprehend properly the passage or body
of text being read.
Reading comprehension 2 __ . regarding a certain passage or text. This can be
improved by several methods, but at the normal reading rate of about 200-220 words
per minute, the satisfactory level of comprehension is 75% or above.
Self assessment of reading comprehension is not entirely impossible, and
be aware that faulty self-assessment tests often lead 3 _____.
In fact, reading comprehension is a good starting point in discerning passive readers
from active readers. Passive readers are usually those that simply read the text, but fail to
understand the details as well as the general idea 4_____.
Active readers, on the other hand, interact with the text through the manifestations
of the following signs:
— Skilled readers actively participate in the story by predicting story outcomes
5___ .
— They tend to generate questions regarding the content of the text.
— Skilled readers notice little details such as recurring events within the story's plot.
— They come back to part of the text 6 _ and try to analyze it until a
complete understanding of the text has been attained.
A. which may have confused them
B. is the reader's level of understanding
C. of what is being said
D. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move
E. using clues and symbolisms presented by the author
r. to incorrect assessment of reading abilities
G
- as a required skill
Прочитайте отрывок из рассказа и выполните задания А15 —А21
В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
I have a neighbour. I like to meet her sometimes in the elevator; it helps in gloomy times. She
is beautiful, and is proud of being so. The general impression she makes is of something
absolutely round; and if we examine the parts of her body separately, they surprisingly turn out to
be round, too. The hair on her spherical head is cut very short; probably not to distract attention
from her perfectly round face. Her lips are painted as people did in eccentric 20's; her brows are
penciled so high that she looks as if she was surprised to death all her life. I sometimes even fear
that one day they will climb to the top of her head and settle there forever. The colour of my
wonderful neighbour's eyelids is bluer than any blue thing you have ever seen in your life. Add to
this, clothes of colours that a lady of more than fifty (and she is that) is by no means to wear, and
you finally get the picture of her.
In general she looks perfectly funny, and that's why she looks really perfect. She is a wonder,
and an attractive woman. Making a clown of herself, she hits the target - she attracts.
My concept of appearance is that it must attract and hold attention. (That is of course, if you
are not a killer, a secret agent, a private detective or a desperate debtor.)
But I want least of all to exaggerate - to insist on someone wearing peacock feathers, green
hair, and shoes made from baboon skin. It is enough if, being rather plainly dressed, you can
smile so as to catch a stranger's eye and make them think about you. (Of course, trying to make
your appearance unusual and attractive, you should be conscious of whom you want to attract,
and what for.) But to catch someone's eye for more than ten seconds is not so simple, even if
you dye every single hair differently.
You may be lost in a crowd if you look unfashionable, but also if you are absolutely
fashionable; and it doesn't matter whether the style suits you or not. For example, gray is still
fashionable, but who cares for that colour now? Fashion is not fashion if there is no opposition.
Every trend in it sooner or later exhausts itself, and it is always interesting to foresee the end.
But there is always a tendency (it is more evident in movies and on television) to make
everything beautiful and good-looking. I don't like it. I believe that people, as well as things,
have the right and also the opportunity not to be nice, not to be beautiful - but still to be
attractive. You may be attractive flfcen being ugly and being deliberately ugly has a perspective. I
advise you not to ignore it. There are no limits to how interesting you can be, and cultivating
ugliness you can never complain that Providence was unfair to you. For example, Woopi
Goldberg often practices this, as she is much more bow-legged in films than at the Oscar
ceremony. In my opinion, she is a brilliant woman.
The only wrong way you may go is in neglecting your appearance completely. Look
somehow, but know how you are looking - that is my motto. And don’t forget about mental
development.
A15 The narrator thought that his neighbour
Г) is proud of being ugly.
2) is really beautiful.
3) seems to be very eccentric.
4) looks like a young girl
A 16 In paragraph2 ‘she hits the target” means that the narrator’s neigbour
1) looks somehow
2)may be lost in a crowd
3)has a very nice smile
4)achieves her aim
A 17 The narrator’s concept of appearance is that it.
1)must exaggerate the wealth of the person.
2)results from green hair and shoes made from baboon skin.
3)must attract and hold attention.
4)is important only for women.
A18 To catch someone's eye
1) is not so simple.
2) is very simple.
3) means to dye every single hair differently.
4) is the work of ten seconds.
A19 If you are absolutely fashionable,
1) the style suits you.
2) you want to foresee the end.
3) you may be lost in a crowd.
4) you look unfashionable.
A20 The narrator is sure that a person may be attractive only being
1) nice.
2) interesting.
3) unfair.
_ 4) bow-legged.
A2l| According to the narrator's words, the only wrong way you may go is in
1) making a clown of yourself.
2) being absolutely round.
3) knowing how you are looking.
4) neglecting your appearance completely.
b3 1g 2b 3f 4c 5e 6a
a15-2 16 4 17-3 18-1 19-3 20-2 21- 4
Simple
Простое
обычное,
регулярное
Infinitive
Инфинитив
to be V3
Present
Настоящее
am
is
are
Past
Прошедшее
was Jv
were J
Future
Будущее
sha"
will
v3
Perfect
Завершенное
to be being V3
am
is
are
being V3
to have been V3
have
has
was 1, . ,,
being V. were I
been V3
Perfect
Progressive
Длящееся уже
определенный
промежуток
времени
—
—
had been V3
—
" [ have been V,
—
3
[beVa
1
Progressive
Происходящее
в определенный
момент
—
sha
will I