:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17
675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
'U7HQD%&UHZV
'U.HOO\:LONLQVRQ
'U.9LUJLQLD+HPE\
'U0HOLQGD0F&DQQRQ
'U&KHU\O:LHGPDLHU
(IZ[YHJ[
>P[OPUJYLHZLK\ZLVMVUSPULLK\JH[PVUIV[OZ[\KLU[ZHUKPUZ[Y\J[VYZHYLHKHW[PUN[V[OL
VUSPULLU]PYVUTLU[6USPULLK\JH[VYZT\Z[HKQ\Z[[V[OLJOHUNLPUYLZWVUZPIPSP[PLZYLX\PYLK
[V[LHJOVUSPULHZP[PZX\P[LPU[LUZP]LK\YPUN[OLKLZPNUPUN[LHJOPUNHUKYL]PZPUNZ[HNLZ
;OLW\YWVZLVM[OPZZ[\K`PZ[VL_HTPULHUK\WKH[L^VYRSVHKTHUHNLTLU[Z[YH[LNPLZ
KL]LSVWLKI`9HNHUHUK;LYOLNNLUHUK[VPU]LZ[PNH[LUL^LTLYNPUNZ[YH[LNPLZ
(TVKPÄLK+LSWOPTL[OVK^HZ\ZLK^OLYLPU[OLWHY[PJPWHU[ZI\ZPULZZLK\JH[PVUVUSPUL
LK\JH[VYZHUK[YHPULYZ^LYLHZRLK[VYL]PZLJ\YYLU[^VYRSVHKTHUHNLTLU[Z[YH[LNPLZ
HUK [V HKK LTLYNPUN Z[YH[LNPLZ ;OLZL ^VYRSVHK THUHNLTLU[ Z[YH[LNPLZ WYV]PKL H
JV\YZL VM HJ[PVU MVY [OVZL [LHJOPUN VUSPUL JV\YZLZ [V OLSW [OLT YLK\JL ^VYRSVHK
MVYVUSPULPUZ[Y\J[VYZHJ[PUNPU[OLYVSLVMJV\YZLKLZPNULYHUKMVYL_[LYUHSJV\YZL
KLZPNULYZHUKHKTPUPZ[YH[VYZ[OYV\NO]HS\HISLPUZ[P[\[PVUHSZ\WWVY[
:RUNORDG0DQDJHPHQW6WUDWHJLHVIRU2QOLQH(GXFDWRUV
,Q WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RXQFLO IRU &RUUHVSRQGHQFH (GXFDWLRQ FRLQHG WKH
WHUP ´GLVWDQFH HGXFDWLRQµ 0RRUH 6LQFH WKDW WLPH GLVWDQFH HGXFDWLRQ
KDV HYROYHG IURP FRUUHVSRQGHQFH VWXG\ WR LQWHUDFWLYH ZRUNORDG LQWHQVLYH
RQOLQH HGXFDWLRQ 2QOLQH HGXFDWLRQ KDV SURJUHVVHG WR LQFOXGH V\QFKURQRXV DQG
DV\QFKURQRXVOHDUQLQJLQSXUHRUK\EULGRQOLQHHQYLURQPHQWV+XHEQHU:HLQHU
:LOOLDPV3DSURFN&RYLQJWRQ
7HDFKLQJRQOLQHKDVWKHUHSXWDWLRQRIUHTXLULQJPRUHZRUNWKDQWHDFKLQJLQD
WUDGLWLRQDOFODVVURRP1RH[DFWDQVZHUH[LVWVDVWRKRZPXFKWLPHLVUHTXLUHGWR
GHYHORSDQGLPSOHPHQWDQRQOLQHFRXUVHEXWWKHOLWHUDWXUHKDVQRWHGWKDW´EDVHG
RQ PXFK DQHFGRWDO HYLGHQFH SOXV UHDO H[SHULHQFH RYHU WKH ODVW \HDUV RI
EXLOGLQJFRPSXWHUEDVHGPDWHULDOVZHFDQVD\ZLWKVRPHOHYHORIFHUWDLQW\WKDW
LWFDQWDNHDQDYHUDJHRIDERXWKRXUV²RIIDFXOW\WLPH²WRFUHDWHDQKRXURI
LQVWUXFWLRQWKDWLVRQWKH:HEµ%RHWWFKHUS:KHQORRNLQJDWDWKUHH
VHPHVWHUKRXUFRXUVHRQHFDQGLVFHUQWKDWDSSUR[LPDWHO\KRXUVRIFODVVWLPH
KRXUVRILQVWUXFWLRQLVH[SHFWHG
'U7HQD%&UHZVLVDQDVVRFLDWHSURIHVVRUDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI6RXWK&DUROLQD&ROXPELD6&
'U.HOO\:LONLQVRQLVDQDVVRFLDWHSURIHVVRUDW,QGLDQD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\7HUUH+DXWH,1
'U.9LUJLQLD+HPE\LVDSURIHVVRUDW0LGGOH7HQQHVVHH6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\0XUIUHHVERUR71
'U0HOLQGD0F&DQQRQLVYLFHSUHVLGHQWRIDFDGHPLFDIIDLUVDW1RUWKZHVWHUQ7HFKQLFDO&ROOHJH
5RFN6SULQJV*$
'U&KHU\O:LHGPDLHULVDQDVVRFLDWHSURIHVVRUDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI&HQWUDO$UNDQVDV&RQZD\$5
132
The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal
:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
7KLUW\VL[KRXUVRIFODVVWLPHLVEDVHGRQDFRXUVHWKDWPHHWVWZLFHSHUZHHN
IRUKRXUVSHUFODVVPHHWLQJKRXUVSHUZHHN7KHUHIRUHDSSUR[LPDWHO\
KRXUV KRXUV WR FUHDWH RQH KRXU RI LQVWUXFWLRQ [ FODVV KRXUV ZRXOG
EHUHTXLUHGWRWUDQVIHUDWUDGLWLRQDOWKUHHVHPHVWHUKRXUFRXUVHWRRQOLQH7KHVH
KRXUVDUHFDOFXODWHGIRUFUHDWLRQWLPHRQO\DQGGRQRWLQFOXGHOHDUQLQJFXUYH
WLPH IRU VXFK LVVXHV DV WHFKQRORJ\ FRS\ULJKW DQG FRPSOLDQFH DOO RI ZKLFK
LQFUHDVHWKHKRXUVQHFHVVDU\WRLPSOHPHQWDQRQOLQHFRXUVHIXOO\&RQVHTXHQWO\
WKHLPSRUWDQFHRIZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVIRUWHDFKLQJRQOLQHFDQQRWEH
RYHUORRNHG
3XUSRVHRIWKH6WXG\
7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV VWXG\ LV WR H[DPLQH DQG XSGDWH ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW
VWUDWHJLHV GHYHORSHG E\ 5DJDQ DQG 7HUKHJJHQ DQG WR LQYHVWLJDWH QHZ
HPHUJLQJVWUDWHJLHV7KHÀQDOL]HGOLVWFUHDWHGWKURXJKDPRGLÀHG'HOSKLVWXG\
UHSUHVHQWVHIIHFWLYHZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVIRURQOLQHHGXFDWRUV
2EMHFWLYHVRIWKH6WXG\
$V WKH OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQW FRQWLQXHV WR FKDQJH HLQVWUXFWRUV PXVW PRGLI\
LQVWUXFWLRQDOVWUDWHJLHVDQGOHDUQKRZWRPDQDJHWKHZRUNORDGRIWHDFKLQJRQOLQH
7KXVWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKLVVWXG\DUHWRH[DPLQHDQGXSGDWHH[LVWLQJZRUNORDG
PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV GHYHORS DFFXUDWH GHVFULSWLRQV RI WKH ZRUNORDG
PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV LQYHVWLJDWH QHZ DQG HPHUJLQJ VWUDWHJLHV DQG SURYLGH ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV WR RQOLQH HGXFDWRUV WUDLQHUV FRXUVH
GHYHORSHUV DQG DGPLQLVWUDWRUV :LWK LQFUHDVHG XVH RI RQOLQH HGXFDWLRQ ERWK
HVWXGHQWVDQGHLQVWUXFWRUVDUHDGDSWLQJWRWKHRQOLQHHQYLURQPHQW/HDUQHUVKDYH
GHYHORSHG IURP SDVVLYH UHFHLYHUV LQWR DFWLYH SDUWLFLSDQWV DQG LQVWUXFWRUV KDYH
DGDSWHGIURPLQIRUPDWLRQSURYLGHUVLQWRFRQVXOWDQWVDQGIDFLOLWDWRUVWKURXJKRXW
WKH OHDUQLQJ H[SHULHQFH +DQJ /LDZ 7KLV HYROXWLRQ LQ WKH WHDFKLQJ
DQGOHDUQLQJSDUDGLJPFRLQFLGHVZLWK'HZH\·VFRQWHQWLRQWKDWDQ\W\SH
RI HIIHFWLYH HGXFDWLRQDO H[SHULHQFH PXVW LQFOXGH FRQWLQXLW\ DQG LQWHUDFWLRQ
7KHUHIRUHIRUWKHSXUSRVHRIWKLVVWXG\WKHUHVHDUFKHUVGHÀQHRQOLQHHGXFDWLRQDV
´WKHXVHRIWHFKQRORJ\VRIWZDUHDQGKDUGZDUHWRSURYLGHDVVLVWDQFHWROHDUQHUVWR
HQDEOHWKHPWRDFKLHYHWKHVHWOHYHORIOHDUQLQJWKURXJKFRQWLQXLW\DQGLQWHUDFWLRQµ
&UHZV:LONLQVRQ:LHGPDLHU+HPE\0F&DQQRQS
/LWHUDWXUH5HYLHZ
(GXFDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQVERWKSXEOLFDQGSULYDWHZKHWKHUSURÀWRUQRQSURÀW
KDYH VWHDGLO\ DGYDQFHG LQ WKHLU RIIHULQJ RI RQOLQH HGXFDWLRQDO FRXUVHV DQG
SURJUDPV2QHUHDVRQIRUWKLVLQFUHDVHFRXOGEHWKHVKHHUQXPEHURI,QWHUQHWXVHUV
ZLWKDPSOLÀHGDFFHVVWRRQOLQHFRXUVHVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH:RUOG)DFW%RRN
PLOOLRQ,QWHUQHWXVHUVOLYHGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVLQ$VHFRQGUHDVRQIRU
DGYDQFHGRIIHULQJVRIRQOLQHFRXUVHVDQGSURJUDPVFRXOGEHWKHGHFOLQHLQVWDWH
UHYHQXHV WKHUHIRUH WXLWLRQ GROODUV QHHG WR LQFUHDVH 2QOLQH VWXGHQWV DUH VHHQ
DVDKLJKO\OXFUDWLYHPDUNHW)LVK$WKLUGUHDVRQFRXOGEHWKHFKDQJLQJ
IDFHRIWKHFROOHJHVWXGHQW8QOLNHSUHYLRXVJHQHUDWLRQVVWXGHQWVWRGD\DUHQRW
Volume L, No. 3, Fall, 2008.
133
'57(1$%&5(:6'5.(//<:,/.,1621'5.9,5*,1,$+(0%<
'50(/,1'$0&&$1121$1''5&+(5</:,('0$,(5
VK\DERXWGHPDQGLQJHGXFDWLRQDWDQ\WLPHDQGSODFHWKDWLVFRQYHQLHQWIRUWKHP
DQGDWDSDFHWKH\GHWHUPLQH,QVWUXFWLRQDO7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV&RXQFLO
6WUDXVV +RZH 7KXV IRU ZKDWHYHU UHDVRQ IDFXOW\ DQG DGPLQLVWUDWRUV
DUHIHHOLQJSUHVVXUHWRRIIHURQOLQHFRXUVHVWRPHHWWKHGHPDQGV&XHOOHU
.LUN
<HWDVPRUHIDFXOW\DWWHPSWWRFRQYHUWWUDGLWLRQDOFODVVHVWRRQOLQHFODVVHVWR
GHYHORSQHZRQOLQHFRXUVHVRUWRDGGRQOLQHFRPSRQHQWVWRH[LVWLQJWUDGLWLRQDO
FRXUVHVFUHDWLQJEOHQGHGFRXUVHVEDUULHUVWRVXFFHVVDUHSUHYDOHQW5HVHDUFKHUV
KDYH LGHQWLÀHG EDUULHUV VXFK DV SHGDJRJLFDO LVVXHV %HFNHU 'Z\HU %UDKOHU3HWHUVRQ-RKQVRQ&XHOOHU)ROH\6FKXFN+DQJ
/LDZ WHFKQRORJ\ LVVXHV %HQHGHWWL &R\QHU 0F&DQQ '·6LOYD 5HHGHU DQG ZRUNORDG LVVXHV %UDKOHU HW DO %URZQ
&R\QHU0F&DQQ.LOLDQ.LUN0DGGX[3HHO
/HGIRUG5DJDQ7HUKHJJHQ
$FFRUGLQJWRDDUWLFOHLQ$FDGHPLF/HDGHU:RUNORDGDQG&RPSHQVDWLRQ
H[WUDFRPSHQVDWLRQRUUHOHDVHWLPHIRURQOLQHFRXUVHGHYHORSPHQWRUGHOLYHU\ZDV
PLQLPDORUQRQH[LVWHQWDWPDQ\FROOHJHV*LYHQWKLVIDFWKRZGRIDFXOW\FRSH
ZLWKWKHZRUNORDGDVVRFLDWHGZLWKLPSOHPHQWLQJDQGGHOLYHULQJRQOLQHFRXUVHV"
2QHVXJJHVWLRQIRUDGGUHVVLQJWKLVLVVXHLQYROYHGH[WHQVLYHWUDLQLQJIRUIDFXOW\
0F.HQ]LH0LPV%HQQHWW:DXJK+RZHYHUUHVHDUFKE\'H6LPRQH
LQGLFDWHGHIIHFWLYHRQOLQHHGXFDWLRQWUDLQLQJPXVWLQYROYHWHFKQLFDODVSHFWV
DQGLQFOXGHIRVWHULQJDFRPPXQLW\RIUHVRXUFHVVRIDFXOW\FDQVKDUHNQRZOHGJH
DQGH[SHUWLVHDVZHOODVRYHUFRPHIHHOLQJVRIGHWDFKPHQWIURPWKHLUSHHUV
3URYLGLQJLQVWUXFWLRQDOGHVLJQHUVWRDVVLVWIDFXOW\LQFRQFHQWUDWLQJRQFRQWHQW
LV DQRWKHU SRVVLELOLW\ IRU UHGXFLQJ ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW RYHUORDG +XWWRQ
0F.HQ]LH HW DO 7DUU DQG 0F'DQLHO GHVFULEHG WKH -XPS
6WDUW3URJUDPLPSOHPHQWHGDW,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3XUGXH8QLYHUVLW\,QGLDQDSROLV
,838, DV D SURJUDP WR HQFRXUDJH IDFXOW\ WR FUHDWH DQG WHDFK RQOLQH FRXUVHV
:KLOH IDFXOW\ PHPEHUV VSHQG WLPH RQ FRQWHQW DQG DFWLYLWLHV WKH GHVLJQ WHDP
FUHDWHV :HE LQWHUIDFHV LPDJHV LOOXVWUDWLRQV YLGHRV DQG DXGLR DVVHVVHV IDLU
XVH PDLQWDLQV FRS\ULJKW FRPSOLDQFH DQG SURYLGHV LQIRUPDWLRQ UHVRXUFHV 7KH
SURJUDP KDV EHFRPH VR SRSXODU WKDW ,838, KDV LPSOHPHQWHG D FRPSHWLWLYH
VHOHFWLRQSURFHVVWRGHWHUPLQHIDFXOW\SDUWLFLSDWLRQ
2QFH D FRXUVH KDV EHHQ GHYHORSHG RQOLQH LQVWUXFWRUV DOVR QHHG DVVLVWDQFH
PDQDJLQJWKHZRUNORDGRIWHDFKLQJRQOLQH0F.HQ]LHHWDO&DYDQDXJK
LQGLFDWHG WKDW VWUHDPOLQLQJ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ LQ RQOLQH FRXUVHV SURYLGHV
WKH ODUJHVW EHQHÀW WR UHGXFLQJ ZRUNORDG 7R UHGXFH ZRUNORDG LQVWUXFWRUV PD\
XVH D IUHTXHQWO\ DVNHG TXHVWLRQV )$4 SDJH SURYLGH VWXGHQWV ZLWK JXLGHOLQHV
WR VWUHDPOLQH HPDLO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG UHGXFH WHDFKHUV· QHHGHG LQYROYHPHQW
LQ VWXGHQW WKUHDGHG GLVFXVVLRQ DQG FKDW IRUPDWV 'XQODS ,Q DGGLWLRQ
UHGXFLQJ ZRUNORDG PD\ EH DFFRPSOLVKHG E\ SURYLGLQJ SURMHFW DQG VFKHGXOH
GHWDLOVDWWKHVWDUWRIWKHFRXUVHDQGPDNLQJWKHFRXUVHDYDLODEOHWROHDUQHUVDIHZ
GD\VEHIRUHWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHFRXUVHVRVWXGHQWVFDQJURZDFFXVWRPHGWRWKH
VLWHDQGPDWHULDOV
+RZHYHU RI DOO WKH UHVHDUFK FRQGXFWHG RQ ZRUNORDG 5DJDQ DQG 7HUKHJJHQ
134
The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal
:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
SURYLGHG VRPH RI WKH PRVW FRPSUHKHQVLYH ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW
VWUDWHJLHVIRULQVWUXFWRUV:RUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVGHYHORSHGE\5DJDQ
DQG7HUKHJJDQLQFOXGHGDXWKRULQJVWUDWHJLHVWHDFKLQJVWUDWHJLHVFRXUVH
UHYLVLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQDOVWUDWHJLHV%HFDXVHRI
WKHFRPSUHKHQVLYHQHVVRIWKH5HJDQDQG7HUKHJJHQVWXG\RQHRIWKHSXUSRVHVRI
WKLVVWXG\LVWRSURYLGHDQXSGDWHGOLVWRIWKHVHZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHV
IRUHHGXFDWRUV
0HWKRGRORJ\
$V 5DJDQ DQG 7HUKHJJDQ·V VWUDWHJLHV VHUYHG DV WKH EDVLV IRU WKLV SURMHFW D
PRGLÀHG'HOSKLPHWKRGZDVXVHGLQWKLVUHVHDUFK7KH'HOSKLPHWKRGLVDVHW
RI SURFHGXUHV IRU HOLFLWLQJ DQG UHÀQLQJ WKH RSLQLRQV RI D JURXS %URZQ 'DONH\ :HDYHU H[SODLQHG KRZ WKH 'HOSKL PHWKRG HPSOR\V WKH
SULQFLSOHWKDWVHYHUDOKHDGVDUHEHWWHUWKDQRQHDQGWKDWH[SHUWVLQYROYHGPDNH
GHFLVLRQVEDVHGXSRQUDWLRQDOMXGJPHQWUDWKHUWKDQJXHVVHV/LQVWRQHDQG7XURII
VXPPDUL]HG WKH 'HOSKL PHWKRG EHVW E\ VWDWLQJ WKH 'HOSKL WHFKQLTXH LV
´DPHWKRGIRUVWUXFWXULQJDJURXSFRPPXQLFDWLRQSURFHVVVRWKDWWKHSURFHVVLV
HIIHFWLYHLQDOORZLQJDJURXSRILQGLYLGXDOVDVDZKROHWRGHDOZLWKDFRPSOH[
SUREOHPµ S 'DONH\ DQG +HOPHU H[SODLQHG 3URMHFW 'HOSKL ZDV WKH
QDPHJLYHQWRWKHSURFHGXUHRIXVLQJH[SHUWRSLQLRQVE\WKH5$1'&RUSRUDWLRQ
7KH\IXUWKHUQRWHGWKH´REMHFW>RIWKLVSURFHGXUH@LVWRREWDLQWKHPRVWUHOLDEOH
FRQVHQVXVRIRSLQLRQRIDJURXSRIH[SHUWVµS6WUDXVVDQG=HLJOHU
DOVR GLVFXVVHG KRZ WKH 'HOSKL PHWKRG ZDV XVHG E\ WKH 5$1' &RUSRUDWLRQ LQ
WKH V DQG ZDV QDPHG DIWHU $SROOR·V 'HOSKLF 2UDFOH 7KH 'HOSKL PHWKRG
KDVVLQFHEHHQXVHGDFURVVPDQ\GLVFLSOLQHV&\SKHUWDQG*DQWUHSRUWHG
'HOSKLPHWKRGXVDJHLQHGXFDWLRQDVHDUO\DV
3URFHGXUHV
9DQ'H9HQDQG'HOEHFTGLVFXVVKRZWKH'HOSKLPHWKRGLVGLIIHUHQWIURP
WKHQRPLQDOJURXSWHFKQLTXH7KHQRPLQDOJURXSWHFKQLTXHUHTXLUHVSDUWLFLSDQWV
WRVLWWRJHWKHUDQGIROORZDVWUXFWXUHGIRUPDWZKLFKLQFOXGHVSDUWLFLSDQWVVLOHQWO\
SUHSDULQJ LGHDV RU WDVNV LQ ZULWLQJ SUHVHQWLQJ WKRVH LGHDV ZLWKRXW GLVFXVVLRQ
GLVFXVVLQJWKHUHFRUGHGLGHDVDQGYRWLQJRQLGHDVWKURXJKUDQNRUGHU7KH'HOSKL
PHWKRG SDUWLFLSDQWV DUH GLVSHUVHG DQG TXHVWLRQQDLUHV DUH VHTXHQWLDOO\ VHQW WR
WKHSDUWLFLSDQWV7KHUHVXOWVDUHVXPPDUL]HGDQGDFFRPSDQLHGZLWKIHHGEDFNRI
RSLQLRQVIURPWKHSUHYLRXVUHVSRQVHV
'DONH\ DQG +HOPHU H[SODLQHG WKDW LQWHUDFWLRQ DPRQJ SDUWLFLSDQWV LV
FRQWUROOHG&RQIURQWDWLRQLVQRWDVSUHYDOHQWZKHQRSSRVLQJYLHZVDUHSUHVHQWHG
OHDGLQJWRPRUHLQGHSHQGHQWWKRXJKWE\HDFKSDUWLFLSDQW-XGGGHVFULEHG
WKUHHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKH'HOSKLPHWKRGDQRQ\PLW\RIWKHSDUWLFLSDQWV
FRQWUROOHGIHHGEDFNDQGVWDWLVWLFVXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHFRQVHQVXV6WUDXVVDQG
=HLJOHUDGGHGWKHIROORZLQJDGGLWLRQDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRID'HOSKLVWXG\
FDUHIXOO\GHVLJQHGVHTXHQWLDOZULWWHQTXHVWLRQQDLUHVXVHGFRQGXFWHGLQ
DVHULHVRIURXQGVDQGGHWHUPLQHGPRUHHIIHFWLYHO\FRQVHQVXVRQMXGJPHQWDO
GDWD
Volume L, No. 3, Fall, 2008.
135
'57(1$%&5(:6'5.(//<:,/.,1621'5.9,5*,1,$+(0%<
'50(/,1'$0&&$1121$1''5&+(5</:,('0$,(5
3DQHO PHPEHUV DUH VHOHFWHG EDVHG XSRQ H[SHUWLVH LQ WKH VXEMHFW DUHD EHLQJ
VWXGLHG7HUVLQHDQG5LJJVH[SODLQWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKH'HOSKLVWXG\
LVDIIHFWHGE\SDQHOVHOHFWLRQ3DQHOSDUWLFLSDQWVPXVWEHNQRZOHGJHDEOHLQWKH
VXEMHFWDUHDKDYHJRRGSHUIRUPDQFHUHFRUGVLQWKHDUHDEHYHU\REMHFWLYHDQG
UDWLRQDO EH DYDLODEOH IRU WKH HQWLUH WLPH SHULRG RI WKH VWXG\ DQG EH ZLOOLQJ WR
VXSSO\ WKH WLPH DQG HIIRUW WR EH DQ DFWLYH DQG WKRURXJK SDUWLFLSDQW /HWWHUV RI
LQYLWDWLRQDUHVHQWWRPRUHLQGLYLGXDOVWKDQQHHGHGIRUWKHSDQHO$QRQ\PLW\RI
WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV LV LPSRUWDQW WR WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WKH 'HOSKL PHWKRG DV ZHOO
-XGG
7KHQXPEHURITXHVWLRQQDLUHURXQGVDQGGHOLYHU\PHWKRGVYDU\E\VWXG\9DQ
'H9HQDQG'HOEHFTH[SODLQHGWKDWPDQ\GLIIHUHQWDSSURDFKHVFDQEHXVHG
WRDGPLQLVWHUWKH'HOSKLPHWKRG7KHLQLWLDOTXHVWLRQQDLUHVXUYH\DVNVSDUWLFLSDQWV
WR JHQHUDWH LGHDV RU REWDLQ LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ D FHUWDLQ WRSLF$ PRGLÀHG 'HOSKL
WHFKQLTXHPD\DOVREHXVHGZKHUHE\WKHÀUVWTXHVWLRQQDLUHVXUYH\LQFOXGHVDVHW
RISUHGHWHUPLQHGLGHDVFRQFHSWVFRQFHUQLQJWKHWRSLFDQGSDUWLFLSDQWVDUHDVNHG
WR FKRRVH WKH PRVW UHOHYDQW FKRLFHV DQG VXJJHVW LWHPV QRW OLVWHG RQ WKH LQLWLDO
LQVWUXPHQW-XGGDQG%URRNVH[SODLQHGWKDWPHPEHUVRIWKHSDQHO
DUHOHVVOLNHO\WRGURSRXWZKHQSUHVHQWHGZLWKDSUHGHWHUPLQHGOLVW$OVROHVVWLPH
LVQHHGHGWRFRPSOHWHWKHÀUVWURXQGLQWKHPRGLÀHG'HOSKLPHWKRG$QGHUVRQ
DQG.DQXNDGLVFXVVHGKRZVXUYH\VFDQEHVHQWYLDHPDLORU:HEVXUYH\V
5HVXOWVDUHWKHQDQDO\]HGDQGVHQWWRSDUWLFLSDQWVDORQJZLWKUHDVRQVSDUWLFLSDQWV
PDGHWKHGHFLVLRQVFKRLFHVWKH\GLG%URRNVVWDWHGWKHQXPEHURIURXQGV
QHHGHG WR UHDFK FRQVHQVXV LV QRUPDOO\ WKUHH +RZHYHU$QGHUVRQ DQG .DQXND
UHSRUWHG WZR WR ÀYH URXQGV PD\ EH XVHG XQWLO FRQVHQVXV LV UHDFKHG RU
UHVSRQVHVVWDELOL]HEHWZHHQURXQGV
'HWHUPLQLQJFRQVHQVXVRISDUWLFLSDQWV·UHVSRQVHVPD\EHFRQGXFWHGLQDQXPEHU
RIZD\V7KH'HOSKLPHWKRGLVDSRSXODUFRQVHQVXVEXLOGLQJWHFKQLTXHDV´LWZDV
GHVLJQHGWRIDFLOLWDWHFRQVHQVXVDPRQJH[SHUWVZKRUHPDLQDQRQ\PRXVWRHDFK
RWKHUDQGGHOLEHUDWHIDFHWRIDFH7KH'HOSKLPHWKRGLVPRVWHDVLO\DGDSWHGWR
WKH V\QFKURQRXV DQRQ\PRXV DQG DPELJXRXV QDWXUH RI WKH 1HWµ $QGHUVRQ .DQXNDS0HDQVPHGLDQVPRGHVLQWHUTXDUWLOHUDQJHVDQGVWDQGDUG
GHYLDWLRQV RI LWHPV KDYH DOO EHHQ XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH FRQVHQVXV$QGHUVRQ DQG
.DQXNDGLVFXVVHGKRZ´PHGLDQDQGLQWHUTXDUWLOHUDQJHVWDWLVWLFVDUH
OHVVDIIHFWHGE\H[WUHPHDQVZHUVRURXWOLHUVDQGOHVVVHQVLWLYHWRVNHZµDQGDUH
WKHUHIRUHIUHTXHQWO\XVHGLQ'HOSKLPHWKRGVWXGLHVS)DKHUW\DQG
+ROGHQUHSRUWHGWKDWKLJKFRQVHQVXVZDVDFKLHYHGZKHQWKHLQWHUTXDUWLOH
UDQJH GHYLDWLRQ ZDV RQH XQLW RU OHVV RQ D SRLQW VFDOH +ROGHQ DOVR
H[SUHVVHG KLJK FRQVHQVXV RQ DQ LWHP ZDV DFKLHYHG ZKHQ TXDUWLOH GHYLDWLRQ LV
OHVV WKDQ RU HTXDO WR $Q LQLWLDO SLORW JURXS RI RQOLQH LQVWUXFWRUV EXVLQHVV
HGXFDWRUVDQGWUDLQHUVZHUHFKDUJHGZLWKUHYLHZLQJ5DJDQ7HUKHJJHQ·V
OLVWRIZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVLQWKHIROORZLQJFDWHJRULHVDXWKRULQJ
WHDFKLQJFRXUVHUHYLVLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWDQGLQVWLWXWLRQDO7KHOLVWRIZRUNORDG
PDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVHGLWHGE\WKHSLORWJURXSVHUYHGDVURXQGRQHRIWKH'HOSKL
VWXG\7KHSXUSRVHRIWKHSLORWJURXSZDVWRUHYLHZWKHPHWKRGRIGDWDFROOHFWLRQ
DQGWRYDOLGDWHWKHZRUNORDGVWUDWHJLHV
136
The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal
:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
2QOLQHHGXFDWRUVDQGWUDLQHUVZHUHDVNHGWRUHYLVHFXUUHQWZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQW
VWUDWHJLHVIRURQOLQHWHDFKHUV7KHFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQSDUWLFLSDQWVLQYROYHG
RQOLQHDQGIDFHWRIDFH))FRPSRQHQWV3DUWLFLSDQWVLQFOXGHGEXVLQHVVHGXFDWRUV
DQGWUDLQHUVZKRKDYHWDXJKWRQOLQHFRXUVHV,QVWHDGRIFKRRVLQJHGXFDWRUVZKR
KDYHQHYHUWDXJKWRQOLQHRUKDYHRQO\PLQLPDOH[SHULHQFHWHDFKLQJRQOLQHWKH
UHVHDUFKHUVEHOLHYHGH[WUDSRODWLQJNQRZOHGJHIURPH[SHULHQFHGRQOLQHHGXFDWRUV
DQGWUDLQHUVWREHLPSRUWDQW3DUWLFLSDQWVZHUHFKRVHQE\VROLFLWLQJYROXQWHHUV
DQGQRPLQDWLRQVIURPFROOHDJXHV(PDLOVZHUHVHQWWRYDULRXVEXVLQHVVHGXFDWLRQ
DQGWUDLQHU/LVWVHUYVDVNLQJIRUQRPLQDWLRQVDQGYROXQWHHUV7KHHPDLOVSHFLÀHG
WKDWSDUWLFLSDQWVPXVWKDYHDWOHDVWWZR\HDUVRIRQOLQHLQVWUXFWLRQH[SHULHQFH
,QYROYLQJFXUUHQWRQOLQHHGXFDWRUVDQGWUDLQHUVLQD'HOSKLVWXG\KHOSVHQVXUHD
UHOLDEOHFRQVHQVXVRIRSLQLRQIURPWKHJURXS7KURXJKWKUHHURXQGVLQWKH'HOSKL
VWXG\ WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV HGLWHG GHOHWHG DQG DGGHG ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW
VWUDWHJLHVWKDWZHUHOLVWHGLQDZHEIRUPHQYLURQPHQWURXQGDQGURXQGDQG
UDQNHGWKHVWUDWHJLHVLQHDFKRIWKHIROORZLQJFDWHJRULHVDXWKRULQJWHDFKLQJ
FRXUVH UHYLVLRQ DQG LPSURYHPHQW DQG LQVWLWXWLRQDO URXQG 7KH VWUDWHJLHV
ZHUHUDQNHGRQOHYHORILPSRUWDQFHIURPRQHWRIRXUZLWKRQHEHLQJQRWLPSRUWDQW
DQGIRXUEHLQJYHU\LPSRUWDQW
$IWHU WKH FRPSOHWLRQ RI WKUHH URXQGV LQ WKH 'HOSKL VWXG\ SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH
GLYLGHGLQWRIRXUJURXSVEDVHGRQWKHZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWFDWHJRULHVDXWKRULQJ
WHDFKLQJFRXUVHUHYLVLRQVDQGLPSURYHPHQWDQGLQVWLWXWLRQDO*URXSVZHUHWKHQ
DVVLJQHGWRDV\QFKURQRXVJURXSOHDGHUDQGHDFKJURXSPHWRQOLQHXVLQJ$GREH
&RQQHFW3URIHVVLRQDO%UHH]HDQGZHEFDPHUDVWRHGLWWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIHDFK
FDWHJRU\(DFKJURXSDOVRGLVFXVVHGDQ\HGLWVGHOHWLRQVRUDGGLWLRQVSUHYLRXVO\
PDGHWRWKHFDWHJRU\$WWKHFRPSOHWLRQRIWKHVWXG\WKHSDUWLFLSDQWVPHW))DW
WKH'HOWD3L(SVLORQ1DWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH$WRQH))PHHWLQJSDUWLFLSDQWVKDG
WKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRWDONRSHQO\WRGLVFXVVIXUWKHUHGLWVDQGSDUDOOHOFRQVWUXFWLRQRI
WKHVWUDWHJLHV
$WDQRWKHU))PHHWLQJHDFKSDUWLFLSDQWUDQNHGWKHWRSWKUHHVWUDWHJLHVLQHDFK
FDWHJRU\XVLQJDVWXGHQWUHVSRQVHV\VWHP$OWKRXJKSDUWLFLSDQWVZHUHLQWKHVDPH
URRPZKLOHUDQNLQJDQRQ\PLW\ZDVHQVXUHGE\XVLQJVWXGHQWUHVSRQVHV\VWHP
WHFKQRORJ\IRUSDUWLFLSDQWVWRLQSXWFKRLFHV(DFKSDUWLFLSDQWZDVJLYHQDNH\SDG
DQGDVVLJQHGDQXPEHUOLQNHGWRWKHNH\SDG:KHQDVOLGHZLWKWKHVWUDWHJLHVZDV
SURMHFWHG SDUWLFLSDQWV SUHVVHG WKH QXPEHU RQ WKH NH\SDG FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH
QXPEHURIWKHVWUDWHJ\RQWKHVFUHHQ7KHVRIWZDUHVSHFLÀFWRWKHVWXGHQWUHVSRQVH
V\VWHPUHFRUGHGWKHGDWDWKHUHIRUHWKHGDWDZDVFROOHFWHGDQRQ\PRXVO\$WWKH
HQGRIWKH'HOWD3L(SVLORQVFRQIHUHQFHSDUWLFLSDQWVKDGRQHÀQDORSSRUWXQLW\
WR UHYLHZ WKH ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV DQG SURYLGH IHHGEDFN WR WKH
UHVHDUFKHUV
)LQGLQJVDQG'LVFXVVLRQ
5RXQGVRQHDQGWZRSURYLGHGDQRSSRUWXQLW\IRUSDUWLFLSDQWVWRPDNHVHYHUDO
HGLWVWRWKHZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHV5RXQGWKUHHSURYLGHGDGGLWLRQDO
RSSRUWXQLW\IRUSDUWLFLSDQWVWRUDQNWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIHDFKVWUDWHJ\7KHUDQNLQJ
OHYHOV ZHUH GHÀQHG DV IROORZV IRXU LQGLFDWHG WKDW WKH VWUDWHJ\ ZDV YHU\
LPSRUWDQWWKUHHLQGLFDWHGWKDWWKHVWUDWHJ\ZDVLPSRUWDQWWZRLQGLFDWHG
Volume L, No. 3, Fall, 2008.
137
'57(1$%&5(:6'5.(//<:,/.,1621'5.9,5*,1,$+(0%<
'50(/,1'$0&&$1121$1''5&+(5</:,('0$,(5
WKDWWKHVWUDWHJ\ZDVVRPHZKDWLPSRUWDQWDQGDUDQNLQJRIRQHLQGLFDWHGWKDW
WKHVWUDWHJ\ZDVQRWLPSRUWDQW7DEOHVDQGEHORZSURYLGHHDFKVWUDWHJ\WKH
PHDQUDQNLQJIRUWKHJURXSQ DQGWKHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQ(DFKWDEOHLV
RUJDQL]HGE\KLJKHVWJURXSPHDQUDQNLQJWRORZHVWPHDQUDQNLQJIRUHDFKFDWHJRU\
DXWKRULQJWHDFKLQJLQVWLWXWLRQDODQGFRXUVHUHYLVLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWV
7DEOH
5RXQG7KUHH5DQNLQJVRIWKH:RUNORDG0DQDJHPHQW6WUDWHJLHV
&DWHJRU\
6WUDWHJ\
*URXS0HDQ 6WDQGDUG
5DQNLQJ
'HYLDWLRQ
$XWKRULQJ
$GRSWD&RXUVH'HYHORSPHQW0RGHO
3URYLGH6SHFLÀF,QVWUXFWLRQIRU$VVLJQPHQWV
'HVLJQ%DODQFHG,QVWUXFWLRQDO$FWLYLWLHV
,GHQWLI\DQG$FTXLUH([LVWLQJ/HDUQLQJ
5HVRXUFHV
3URYLGH$XWKRUZLWKD6DPSOH2QOLQH&RXUVH
)LQDOL]H2QH0RGXOHRU8QLW%HIRUH
'HYHORSLQJ5HPDLQGHURI&RXUVH
(VWDEOLVKD&RXUVH'HYHORSPHQW7HDP
$SSO\3URMHFW3ODQQLQJDQG0DQDJHPHQW
0HWKRGVWR&RXUVH'HYHORSPHQW
(VWDEOLVKDQG'LVWULEXWH5HXVDEOH7HPSODWHV
'HYHORS5XEULFVIRU(DFK*UDGHG6WXGHQW
$VVLJQPHQW
,QLWLDWHVPDOOWHDPPHHWLQJVWKDWSXWQRYLFH
FRXUVHGHYHORSHUVLQDURRPZLWKH[SHULHQFHG
RQHVVRWKH\FDQH[FKDQJHLGHDV
&UHDWH/HDUQLQJ2EMHFW'DWDEDVH
3URYLGHD'HWDLOHG'\QDPLF6\OODEXV
&ODULI\DQG(QKDQFH6WXGHQWV·7HFKQLFDO
6NLOOV%HIRUH5HJLVWUDWLRQ
'HÀQHWKH2SHUDWLQJ3DUDPHWHUVRIWKH
&RXUVH
(VWDEOLVK&RQVLVWHQW(IIHFWLYH0HWKRGVRI
(OHFWURQLF&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
)RVWHU*URXS'\QDPLFV
%HJLQWKH&RXUVHZLWKDQ$FWLYLW\WKDW
(QFRXUDJHV,QWHUDFWLRQ
(VWDEOLVKD5RXWLQH
(VWDEOLVKLQJD/HDUQLQJ0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHP
/06IRU5HFRUGLQJ&RXUVH7UDQVDFWLRQV
&UHDWH)HHGEDFN7HPSODWHVRU5XEULFV
7HDFKLQJ
138
The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal
:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
7DEOH
5RXQG7KUHH5DQNLQJVRIWKH:RUNORDG0DQDJHPHQW6WUDWHJLHV
,QVWLWXWLRQDODQG&RXUVH5HYLVLRQDQG,PSURYHPHQWV
*URXS0HDQ 6WDQGDUG
&DWHJRU\ 6WUDWHJ\
5DQNLQJ
'HYLDWLRQ
,QVWLWXWLRQDO
(QVXUH)DFXOW\$FFHVVWR,QVWUXFWLRQDO
'HVLJQDQG6\VWHPV6XSSRUW
3URYLGH7HFKQLFDO6XSSRUWIRU)DFXOW\DQG
6WXGHQWV
3URYLGH$GHTXDWH)DFXOW\'HYHORSPHQW
2SSRUWXQLWLHV
3URYLGH&OHDU,QVWLWXWLRQDO3ROLFLHVRQ
,QWHOOHFWXDO3URSHUW\
3URYLGH$GHTXDWH/HDUQLQJ0DQDJHPHQW
6\VWHP/06
'HYHORS,QVWLWXWLRQDO3ROLF\IRU
&RPSHQVDWLQJDQG5HZDUGLQJ)DFXOW\DQG
$FDGHPLF8QLWV
(VWDEOLVK,QVWLWXWLRQDO3DUDPHWHUVIRU
2QOLQH2SHUDWLRQ
,QWHJUDWH,QVWLWXWLRQDO$GPLQLVWUDWLYH
6\VWHPVDQG7RROV
'HÀQHWKH5ROHRI2QOLQH(GXFDWLRQLQWKH
0LVVLRQRIWKH,QVWLWXWLRQ
3URYLGH&RS\ULJKWDQG3HUPLVVLRQV
6XSSRUWDQG3ROLFLHV
,QYLWH6WXGHQW)HHGEDFNDW&ORVHRI
&RXUVH
%H3UHSDUHGWR0DNH)RUPDWLYH5HYLVLRQV
DV1HFHVVDU\WKURXJKRXWWKH&RXUVHLQ
$GGLWLRQWR6FKHGXOHG&RXUVH5HYLVLRQV
'HYHORSDQG0DLQWDLQD&RXUVH+LVWRU\
&RQGXFW0XOWLSOH(YDOXDWLRQV'XULQJWKH
&RXUVH5HYLVLRQ3URFHVV$GRSWD&RXUVH
'HYHORSPHQW0RGHO
'HYHORS0HWKRGVIRU0DQDJLQJ'\QDPLF
&RXUVH(OHPHQWV
0DQDJHWKH5HYLVLRQ&\FOHDVDQ,QWHJUDO
3DUWRIWKH&RXUVH
&RQGXFWD3LORW5XQRU,QLWLDWHDQ([SHUW
([WHUQDO5HYLHZ
,QYROYH2ULJLQDO&RXUVH$XWKRULQ
5HYLVLRQ3URFHVV
3URYLGHD0HWKRGRI)RUPDWLYH(YDOXDWLRQ
0LGZD\WKURXJKWKH&RXUVH
&RXUVH5HYLVLRQDQG,PSURYHPHQW
Volume L, No. 3, Fall, 2008.
139
'57(1$%&5(:6'5.(//<:,/.,1621'5.9,5*,1,$+(0%<
'50(/,1'$0&&$1121$1''5&+(5</:,('0$,(5
'XULQJRQH))PHHWLQJHDFKSDUWLFLSDQWUDQNHGWKHWRSWKUHHVWUDWHJLHVLQHDFK
FDWHJRU\7KURXJKWKLVDQRQ\PRXVUDQNLQJWKHIROORZLQJZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQW
VWUDWHJLHVHPHUJHGDVWKHWRSWKUHHVWUDWHJLHVLQHDFKDUHD3DUWLFLSDQWVZKRFRXOG
QRW EH SUHVHQW UDQNHG WKH WRS WKUHH VWUDWHJLHV DQG SURYLGHG WKHLU UDQNLQJV YLD
HPDLO)LIWHHQSDUWLFLSDQWVSURYLGHGWKHUDQNLQJLQIRUPDWLRQGLVSOD\HGLQ7DEOH
EHORZ
7DEOH
5DQNLQJVRIWKH7RS7KUHH:RUNORDG0DQDJHPHQW6WUDWHJLHV
6WUDWHJ\
'HVFULSWLRQ
$XWKRULQJ
$GRSWD&RXUVH'HYHORSPHQW0RGHO7KHFRXUVHGHYHORSPHQWPRGHOVHUYHVDV
EOXHSULQWVSHFLI\LQJWKHSULPDU\FRPSRQHQWVRIWKHFRXUVH
,GHQWLI\ DQG $FTXLUH ([LVWLQJ /HDUQLQJ 5HVRXUFHV ,GHQWLI\LQJ DQG DFTXLULQJ
H[LVWLQJOHDUQLQJUHVRXUFHVUHGXFHVIDFXOW\ZRUNORDGWKURXJKWKHLQFRUSRUDWLRQ
RIH[LVWLQJPDWHULDOVUDWKHUWKDQZULWLQJQHZFRQWHQW
'HVLJQ %DODQFHG ,QVWUXFWLRQDO $FWLYLWLHV 'HVLJQLQJ EDODQFHG LQVWUXFWLRQDO
DFWLYLWLHVDGGUHVVHVWKHLVVXHRIEDODQFHEHWZHHQWKHOHDUQLQJDFWLYLWLHVGHVLJQHG
LQWR WKH FRXUVH DQG WKH DPRXQW RI WLPH DQG HQHUJ\ UHTXLUHG WR PRQLWRU DQG
PDLQWDLQWKHP
7HDFKLQJ
3URYLGH D 'HWDLOHG 6\OODEXV 3URYLGLQJ D GHWDLOHG V\OODEXV VHUYHV DV YDOXDEOH
WRRO WR FRPPXQLFDWH DVVLJQPHQWV VXSSOHPHQWDO UHDGLQJV JUDGLQJ HWKLFV
SUHUHTXLVLWHVVFKHGXOHJRDOVDQGOHDQLQJREMHFWLYHVWRWKHVWXGHQW,QSDUWLFXODU
WKHVWXGHQWFDQLGHQWLI\DFWLYLWLHVWKDWPD\UHTXLUHQHZVNLOOVRUH[WUDWLPH7KLV
LQIRUPDWLRQVKRXOGEHSURYLGHGLQDQRQOLQHIRUPDW
3URYLGH WKH 2SHUDWLQJ 3DUDPHWHUV RI WKH &RXUVH 'HÀQLQJ WKH RSHUDWLQJ
SDUDPHWHUV RI WKH FRXUVH LQFOXGLQJ LQWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ VWXGHQWVVWXGHQWV DQG
VWXGHQWVIDFXOW\ LV LPSRUWDQW IRU HPSKDVL]LQJ WLPHOLQHV DQG UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV LQ
RUGHUIRUVWXGHQWVWRPDQDJHWKHLUZRUNORDGHIIHFWLYHO\DQGFRPSOHWHVXFFHVVIXOO\
DOODVVLJQHGLQWHUDFWLYHWDVNV(VWDEOLVKLQJDQGFRPPXQLFDWLQJWKHVHH[SHFWDWLRQV
IDFLOLWDWHVERWKVWXGHQWDQGIDFXOW\ZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQW
(VWDEOLVKD5RXWLQH(VWDEOLVKLQJDURXWLQHIRUUHJXODUDQGSODQQHGLQWHUDFWLRQ
ZLWKLQ WKH RQOLQH FRXUVH DQG ZLWK VWXGHQWV KHOSV IDFXOW\ WR UHPDLQ LQ FRQWURO
RI WKHLU ZRUNORDGV 6SHFLÀFDOO\ VKRUW EXW IUHTXHQW FRXUVH LQWHUDFWLRQV SUHYHQW
DQ RYHUZKHOPLQJ EDFNORJ RI DFWLYLW\ )DFXOW\ VKRXOG DWWHPSW WR FRQGXFW ZRUN
WKDWUHTXLUHVFRQFHQWUDWLRQHJIHHGEDFNRQDVVHVVHGDFWLYLWLHVDWWLPHVZKHQ
WKH\ DUH DW WKHLU SHUIRUPDQFH SHDN 8VLQJ WKH IXOO FDSDELOLWLHV RI WKH OHDUQLQJ
PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPFDQDVVLVWLQPDQ\RIWKHWDVNVUHTXLUHGWRRSHUDWHWKHRQOLQH
FRXUVH
,QVWLWXWLRQDO
140
3URYLGH7HFKQLFDO 6XSSRUW IRU )DFXOW\ DQG 6WXGHQWV 6LQFH WKH RQOLQH OHDUQLQJ
HQYLURQPHQW LV EDVHG XSRQ D WHFKQLFDO LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LW LV FULWLFDO WR SURYLGH
VXSSRUWVHUYLFHVIRUERWKIDFXOW\DQGVWXGHQWVWRJXDUDQWHHVXFFHVVLQWKHRQOLQH
OHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQW
3URYLGH $GHTXDWH )DFXOW\ 'HYHORSPHQW 2SSRUWXQLWLHV 7KH LQVWLWXWLRQ VKRXOG
DFFRPPRGDWH IRU IDFXOW\ GHYHORSPHQW QHHGV LQ WKH DUHD RI QHZ VNLOOV IRU WKH
GHVLJQDQGGHOLYHU\RIRQOLQHFRXUVHPDWHULDO
The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal
:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
7DEOHFRQWLQXHG
5DQNLQJVRIWKH7RS7KUHH:RUNORDG0DQDJHPHQW6WUDWHJLHV
,QVWLWXWLRQDO
3URYLGH $GHTXDWH /HDUQLQJ 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHP )DFXOW\ ZRUNORDG FDQ EH
VLJQLÀFDQWO\UHGXFHGWKURXJKWKHVHOHFWLRQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIDXVHUIULHQGO\
OHDUQLQJPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHP7KHLQVWLWXWLRQVKRXOGFRQVLGHUWKHLQYHVWPHQWYDOXH
RI VHOHFWLQJ DQ DGHTXDWH OHDUQLQJ PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP WR VHUYH WKH HGXFDWLRQDO
QHHGVRIIDFXOW\DQGVWDII
5HFHLYHGHTXDOQXPEHURIUHVSRQVHV
&RXUVHUHYLVLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWV
6WUDWHJ\ &RQGXFW 0XOWLSOH (YDOXDWLRQV RI WKH &RXUVH %RWK IRUPDWLYH DQG
VXPPDWLYH HYDOXDWLRQV VKRXOG EH GHVLJQHG WR JDWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ SHULRGLFDOO\
IURPVWXGHQWVVXSSRUWVWDIIDQGFRXUVHJXHVWV$GGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQRQFRXUVH
LPSURYHPHQWFDQEHJDWKHUHGIURPVWXGHQWVZKRGLGQRWVXFFHVVIXOO\FRPSOHWH
WKHFRXUVH
6WUDWHJ\0DQDJHWKH5HYLVLRQV&\FOHDVDQ,QWHJUDO3DUWRIWKH&RXUVH7KH
UHYLVLRQF\FOHLVQHFHVVDU\WRDVVXUHRSWLPXPFRXUVHLPSURYHPHQW3ODQQLQJIRU
WKHSURFHVVHQDEOHVEHWWHUDOORFDWLRQRIUHVRXUFHV
6WUDWHJ\ 'HYHORS 0HWKRGV IRU 0DQDJLQJ '\QDPLF &RXUVH (OHPHQWV
'\QDPLF FRXUVH HOHPHQWV DUH WKRVH GHWDLOV ZLWKLQ D FRXUVH WKDW DUH OLNHO\ WR
FKDQJHIUHTXHQWO\VXFKDVUHIHUHQFHVWRWH[WERRNSDJHV:HEOLQNVDQGH[WHUQDO
UHVRXUFHV6RPHG\QDPLFHOHPHQWVFDQEHUHPRYHGIURPWKHWH[WXDOFRQWHQWRI
WKHFRXUVHDQGSODFHGWRJHWKHULQDVHSDUDWHDUHDZKLFKGLUHFWVVWXGHQWVWRVSHFLÀF
UHVRXUFHV RU LQIRUPDWLRQ 2WKHU HOHPHQWV FDQ EH UHIHUUHG WR LQ ZD\V WKDW DOORZ
PRUHURRPIRUFKDQJHVXFKDVVXEVWLWXWLQJKHDGLQJVRUVXEKHDGLQJVIRUVSHFLÀF
SDJHUHIHUHQFHV
%H3UHSDUHGWR0DNH)RUPDWLYH5HYLVLRQVDV1HFHVVDU\WKURXJKRXWWKH&RXUVH
LQ $GGLWLRQ WR 6FKHGXOHG &RXUVH 5HYLVLRQV )RUPDWLYH FRXUVH UHYLVLRQV
SURYLGHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUIDFXOW\WRDGMXVWWKHFRXUVHWRPHHWVWXGHQWV·QHHGVWR
PD[LPL]HOHDUQLQJ&RXUVHUHYLVLRQVSURYLGHÁH[LELOLW\LQWKHVWUXFWXUHGRQOLQH
HQYLURQPHQW
0DQDJHWKH5HYLVLRQ&\FOHDVDQ,QWHJUDO3DUWRIWKH&RXUVH7KHUHYLVLRQF\FOH
LV QHFHVVDU\ WR DVVXUH RSWLPXP FRXUVH LPSURYHPHQW 3ODQQLQJ IRU WKH SURFHVV
HQDEOHVEHWWHUDOORFDWLRQRIUHVRXUFHV
%H3UHSDUHGWR0DNH)RUPDWLYH5HYLVLRQVDV1HFHVVDU\WKURXJKRXWWKH&RXUVH
LQ $GGLWLRQ WR 6FKHGXOHG &RXUVH 5HYLVLRQV )RUPDWLYH FRXUVH UHYLVLRQV
SURYLGHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUIDFXOW\WRDGMXVWWKHFRXUVHWRPHHWVWXGHQWV·QHHGVWR
PD[LPL]HOHDUQLQJ&RXUVHUHYLVLRQVSURYLGHÁH[LELOLW\LQWKHVWUXFWXUHGRQOLQH
HQYLURQPHQW
5HFHLYHGHTXDOQXPEHURIUHVSRQVHV
$IWHU FRPSOHWLRQ RI WKH UDQNLQJ RI HDFK ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJ\
RQDVFDOHRIRQHWRIRXUDQGUDQNLQJWKHWRSWKUHHVWUDWHJLHVLQHDFKFDWHJRU\
SDUWLFLSDQWVZHUHDVNHGWRUHYLHZWKHVWUDWHJLHVRQHÀQDOWLPHIRUW\SRJUDSKLFDO
DQG JUDPPDWLFDO HUURUV SDUDOOHO FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG UHGXQGDQF\ 7KLV UHYLHZ
UHVXOWHGLQPLQRUHGLWVLQZRUGLQJDQGWKHGHOHWLRQGXHWRUHGXQGDQF\RIWKUHH
VWUDWHJLHVLQWKHFRXUVHUHYLVLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWV7KHWKUHHVWUDWHJLHVGHOHWHG
ZHUHDVIROORZV0DQDJHWKH5HYLVLRQ&\FOHDVDQ,QWHJUDO3DUWRIWKH&RXUVH
,QYLWH6WXGHQW)HHGEDFNDWWKH&ORVHRIWKH&RXUVHDQG3URYLGHD0HWKRG
RI )RUPDWLYH (YDOXDWLRQ 0LGZD\ 7KURXJK WKH &RXUVH ([LVWLQJ VWUDWHJLHV
LQFOXGLQJ &RQGXFW 0XOWLSOH (YDOXDWLRQV RI &RXUVH ,QYROYH 2ULJLQDO
Volume L, No. 3, Fall, 2008.
141
'57(1$%&5(:6'5.(//<:,/.,1621'5.9,5*,1,$+(0%<
'50(/,1'$0&&$1121$1''5&+(5</:,('0$,(5
&RXUVH $XWKRU LQ 5HYLVLRQ 3URFHVV DQG %H 3UHSDUHG WR 0DNH )RUPDWLYH
5HYLVLRQVDV1HFHVVDU\WKURXJKRXWWKH&RXUVHLQ$GGLWLRQWR6FKHGXOHG&RXUVH
5HYLVLRQZHUHEHOLHYHGWRHQYHORSWKHVWUDWHJLHVWKDWZHUHGHOHWHG
&RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH IROORZLQJ ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV DSSOLFDEOH IRU
RQOLQHHGXFDWRUVUHVXOWHGIURPWKLVVWXG\7DEOHEHORZSURYLGHVDFRPSOHWHOLVWRI
ZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVLQWKHDUHDVRIDXWKRULQJWHDFKLQJLQVWLWXWLRQDO
DQGFRXUVHUHYLVLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWV$XWKRULQJVWUDWHJLHVDUHHVVHQWLDOWRWKH
GHYHORSPHQW RI DQ RQOLQH FRXUVH ,I HIIHFWLYH SURFHGXUHV DUH XWLOL]HG GXULQJ
WKH DXWKRULQJ SKDVH ZRUNORDG DQG WLPH FDQ EH UHGXFHG ,QGLYLGXDO IDFXOW\ RU
GHYHORSPHQWWHDPVPXVWEHNQRZOHGJHDEOHRIDSSURSULDWHDXWKRULQJVWUDWHJLHVWR
DVVLVWLQGHYHORSLQJHIIHFWLYHRQOLQHFRXUVHV7KHIROORZLQJWDEOHV7DEOHV
OLVWWKHDXWKRULQJVWUDWHJLHVHGLWHGDGGHGDQGUHYLVHGLQWKLVVWXG\
7DEOH
$XWKRULQJ6WUDWHJLHV
$87+25,1*675$7(*,(6
8QOLNHFODVVURRPEDVHGHGXFDWLRQRQOLQHHGXFDWLRQRIWHQHQFRPSDVVHVDQDXWKRULQJSKDVHSULRUWR
FRXUVHGHOLYHU\$XWKRULQJLVDWLPHLQWHQVLYHHQGHDYRUZLWKVRPHLQVWLWXWLRQVDOORZLQJRQH\HDU
RUPRUHIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDQRQOLQHFRXUVH+RZHYHUSURFHVVHVSURFHGXUHVDQGSURGXFWV
GHYHORSHGGXULQJWKHDXWKRULQJSKDVHFDQKDYHDVLJQLÀFDQWLPSDFWRQUHGXFLQJWKHRQOLQHZRUNORDG
GXULQJWKHWHDFKLQJSKDVH0DQ\WLPHVIDFXOW\PXVWEDODQFHWKHFRVWRILQFUHDVHGWLPHGXULQJ
WKHDXWKRULQJSKDVHZLWKWKHEHQHÀWVUHDOL]HGGXULQJWKHWHDFKLQJSKDVH)RUVRPHLQVWLWXWLRQV
DXWKRULQJRFFXUVLQGLYLGXDOO\ZLWKIDFXOW\GHYHORSLQJWKHLURZQFRXUVH2WKHULQVWLWXWLRQVRIIHU
FRXUVHGHYHORSPHQWWHDPVWRDVVLVWIDFXOW\GXULQJWKHDXWKRULQJSURFHVV7KHIROORZLQJVWUDWHJLHV
ZHUHFKRVHQWRKHOSIDFXOW\DQGRUWHDPVWRPDQDJHWLPHGXULQJWKHDXWKRULQJSKDVH
$
6WUDWHJ\
$GRSWD&RXUVH'HYHORSPHQW0RGHO
%
6WUDWHJ\
,GHQWLI\DQG$FTXLUH([LVWLQJ/HDUQLQJ5HVRXUFHV
&
6WUDWHJ\
(VWDEOLVKDQG'LVWULEXWH5HXVDEOH7HPSODWHV
'
6WUDWHJ\
3URYLGH$XWKRUZLWKD6DPSOH2QOLQH&RXUVH
(
6WUDWHJ\
3URYLGH6SHFLÀF,QVWUXFWLRQIRU$VVLJQPHQWV
)
6WUDWHJ\
$SSO\ 3URMHFW 3ODQQLQJ DQG 0DQDJHPHQW 0HWKRGV WR &RXUVH
'HYHORSPHQW
*
6WUDWHJ\
(VWDEOLVKD&RXUVH'HYHORSPHQW7HDP
+
6WUDWHJ\
'HVLJQ%DODQFHG,QVWUXFWLRQDO$FWLYLWLHV
,
6WUDWHJ\
)LQDOL]H 2QH 0RGXOH RU 8QLW %HIRUH 'HYHORSLQJ 5HPDLQGHU RI
&RXUVH
-
6WUDWHJ\
'HYHORS5XEULFVIRU(DFK*UDGHG6WXGHQW$VVLJQPHQW
.
6WUDWHJ\
&UHDWH/HDUQLQJ2EMHFW'DWDEDVH
/
6WUDWHJ\
,QLWLDWHVPDOOWHDPPHHWLQJVWKDWSXWQRYLFHFRXUVHGHYHORSHUVLQD
URRPZLWKH[SHULHQFHGRQHVVRWKH\FDQH[FKDQJHLGHDV
142
The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal
:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
6HOHFWLQJDSSURSULDWHWHDFKLQJVWUDWHJLHVLVHVVHQWLDOWRWKHVXFFHVVRIVWXGHQWV
DQG IDFXOW\ LQ WKH RQOLQH HQYLURQPHQW$ YDULHW\ RI WHDFKLQJ VWUDWHJLHV VKRXOG
EH UHYLHZHG DQG DSSURSULDWH VWUDWHJLHV VHOHFWHG SULRU WR EHJLQQLQJ WKH FRXUVH
$SSURSULDWHWHDFKLQJVWUDWHJLHVZLOOSURPRWHVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJDVZHOODVSUHYHQW
IDFXOW\ IURP VSHQGLQJ YDOXDEOH WLPH ´UHWHDFKLQJµ WKH PDWHULDO LQ WKH RQOLQH
FRXUVH HQYLURQPHQW 7KH IROORZLQJ WDEOH LGHQWLÀHV WHDFKLQJ VWUDWHJLHV DQG WKH
H[SODQDWLRQIRUXVLQJWKDWW\SHRIWHDFKLQJVWUDWHJ\
7DEOH
7HDFKLQJ6WUDWHJLHV
7($&+,1*675$7(*,(6
$ZLGHYDULHW\RIWHDFKLQJVWUDWHJLHVDUHDYDLODEOHXVLQJWKHWHFKQRORJLFDOUHVRXUFHVRIWKHRQOLQH
HQYLURQPHQW7KLVPHGLXPUHTXLUHVQHZDSSURDFKHVWRWHDFKLQJVWUDWHJLHVLQRUGHUWRSURPRWH
KLJKTXDOLW\OHDUQLQJDQGHGXFDWLRQDOYDOXHZLWKRXWH[HUWLQJXQGXHWLPHFRQVWUDLQWVRQIDFXOW\
$VZLWKDXWKRULQJVWUDWHJLHVIDFXOW\PXVWEDODQFHTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQSURYLGHGWRVWXGHQWVDQGWLPH
PDQDJHPHQWRIRQOLQHWHDFKLQJDFWLYLWLHV7KHIROORZLQJVWUDWHJLHVZHUHFKRVHQWRKHOSIDFXOW\
DFKLHYHWKLVEDODQFH
$
6WUDWHJ\
&ODULI\DQG(QKDQFH6WXGHQWV·7HFKQLFDO6NLOOV%HIRUH
5HJLVWUDWLRQ
%
6WUDWHJ\
3URYLGHD'HWDLOHG'\QDPLF6\OODEXV
&
6WUDWHJ\
'HÀQHWKH2SHUDWLQJ3DUDPHWHUVRIWKH&RXUVH
'
6WUDWHJ\
&UHDWH)HHGEDFN7HPSODWHVRU5XEULFV
(
6WUDWHJ\
(VWDEOLVKD5RXWLQH
)
6WUDWHJ\
(VWDEOLVKLQJD/HDUQLQJ0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHP/06IRU
5HFRUGLQJ&RXUVH7UDQVDFWLRQV
*
6WUDWHJ\
)RVWHU*URXS'\QDPLFV
+
6WUDWHJ\
%HJLQWKH&RXUVHZLWKDQ$FWLYLW\WKDW(QFRXUDJHV,QWHUDFWLRQ
,
6WUDWHJ\
(VWDEOLVK&RQVLVWHQW(IIHFWLYH0HWKRGVRI(OHFWURQLF
&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
Volume L, No. 3, Fall, 2008.
143
'57(1$%&5(:6'5.(//<:,/.,1621'5.9,5*,1,$+(0%<
'50(/,1'$0&&$1121$1''5&+(5</:,('0$,(5
,QVWLWXWLRQDOVWUDWHJLHVDUHHVVHQWLDOLIIDFXOW\DUHWREHSURYLGHGWKHQHFHVVDU\
WRROV IRU FUHDWLQJ DQG PDLQWDLQLQJ RQOLQH OHDUQLQJ ,QGLYLGXDO IDFXOW\ RU
GHYHORSPHQWWHDPVPXVWXQGHUVWDQGZKDWWKHLULQVWLWXWLRQFDQSURYLGHLQWHUPV
RI FRPSHQVDWLRQ DQG UHVRXUFHV 7KH IROORZLQJ WDEOH SUHVHQWV WKH LQVWLWXWLRQDO
VWUDWHJLHVHGLWHGDGGHGDQGUHYLVHGLQWKLVVWXG\
7DEOH
,QVWLWXWLRQDO6WUDWHJLHV
,,,,167,787,21$/675$7(*,(6
7KHUROHRIWKHLQVWLWXWLRQLVWRFUHDWHDVXSSRUWLYHDQGHQFRXUDJLQJHQYLURQPHQWIRURQOLQHOHDUQLQJ
WKDW LV FUXFLDO WR IDFXOW\ LQYROYHPHQW )URP SURYLGLQJ D UREXVW WHFKQRORJLFDO LQIUDVWUXFWXUH WR
HQVXULQJWKDWIDFXOW\DQGVWXGHQWVKDYHLPPHGLDWHDQGUHDG\DFFHVVWRVXSSRUWVHUYLFHVWRIDFXOW\
UHZDUGDQGFRPSHQVDWLRQLQVWLWXWLRQDOUHVRXUFHVSOD\DPDMRUUROHLQKHOSLQJIDFXOW\PDQDJHWKHLU
RQOLQHZRUNORDGV7KHIROORZLQJVWUDWHJLHVDGGUHVVLVVXHVLQWKHDUHDRILQFHQWLYHVDQGUHZDUGV
IDFXOW\DQGVWXGHQWVXSSRUWIDFXOW\GHYHORSPHQWDQGDGPLQLVWUDWLYHV\VWHPVDQGSROLFLHV
$
6WUDWHJ\
(QVXUH )DFXOW\ $FFHVV WR ,QVWUXFWLRQDO 'HVLJQ DQG 6\VWHPV
6XSSRUW
%
6WUDWHJ\
3URYLGH$GHTXDWH)DFXOW\'HYHORSPHQW2SSRUWXQLWLHV
&
6WUDWHJ\
3URYLGH7HFKQLFDO6XSSRUWIRU)DFXOW\DQG6WXGHQWV
'
6WUDWHJ\
3URYLGH$GHTXDWH/HDUQLQJ0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHP/06
(
6WUDWHJ\
(VWDEOLVK,QVWLWXWLRQDO3DUDPHWHUVIRU2QOLQH2SHUDWLRQ
)
6WUDWHJ\
,QWHJUDWH,QVWLWXWLRQDO$GPLQLVWUDWLYH6\VWHPVDQG7RROV
*
6WUDWHJ\
3URYLGH&OHDU,QVWLWXWLRQDO3ROLFLHVRQ,QWHOOHFWXDO3URSHUW\
+
6WUDWHJ\
'HÀQH WKH 5ROH RI 2QOLQH (GXFDWLRQ LQ WKH 0LVVLRQ RI WKH
,QVWLWXWLRQ
,
6WUDWHJ\
'HYHORS ,QVWLWXWLRQDO 3ROLF\ IRU &RPSHQVDWLQJ DQG 5HZDUGLQJ
)DFXOW\DQG$FDGHPLF8QLWV
-
6WUDWHJ\
3URYLGH&RS\ULJKWDQG3HUPLVVLRQV6XSSRUWDQG3ROLFLHV
144
The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal
:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
&RXUVH UHYLVLRQ DQG LPSURYHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV ´FORVH WKH ORRSµ RI FRXUVH
HYDOXDWLRQ $OWKRXJK FRXUVH UHYLVLRQ LV DOZD\V QHFHVVDU\ LQVWUXFWRUV PXVW
DFNQRZOHGJHWKDWWKHDPRXQWRIUHYLVLRQPD\DFWXDOO\EHFRXQWHUSURGXFWLYHWRWKH
FRXUVHGHYHORSPHQW&RXUVHUHYLVLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWPXVWEHGRQHHIÀFLHQWO\
IRUFRQWLQXRXVLPSURYHPHQWRIWKHVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQW7KHIROORZLQJ
WDEOHGHVFULEHVVWUDWHJLHVRIFRXUVHUHYLVLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQW
7DEOH
&RXUVH5HYLVLRQDQG,PSURYHPHQW6WUDWHJLHV
&2856(5(9,6,21$1',03529(0(17675$7(*,(6
$QDWXUDOG\QDPLFLQFUHDWLQJDQGGHOLYHULQJHGXFDWLRQDOPDWHULDOVRQOLQHLVWKHGHVLUHWRFRQWLQXDOO\
UHYLVHDQGLPSURYHWKHFRXUVHGHVLJQDQGPDWHULDOVWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHFRXUVHLVPDLQWDLQHGWKURXJK
FRQWLQXDOLPSURYHPHQW6RPHUHYLVLRQRIFRXUVHFRQWHQWLVQHFHVVDU\WRNHHSWKHFRXUVHFXUUHQW
DQGDFFXUDWHLPSURYHWKHLQVWUXFWLRQDOHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHFRXUVHRUDVVHVVWKHYDOLGLW\RIWKH
FRXUVHLQWHUPVRIVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVDWWDLQPHQWRIHGXFDWLRQDOJRDOV+RZHYHUFRQWLQXDO
UHYLVLRQWRFRXUVHVWUXFWXUHDQGRSHUDWLRQPD\XQQHFHVVDULO\LQFUHDVHFRVWVPD\QRWFRQWULEXWH
VLJQLÀFDQWO\WRWKHTXDOLW\RIWKHFRXUVHDQGPD\LQFUHDVHWKHZRUNUHTXLUHGE\IDFXOW\WRNHHSWKH
FRXUVHFRQWHQW
$
6WUDWHJ\
&RQGXFW0XOWLSOH(YDOXDWLRQVGXULQJWKH&RXUVH5HYLVLRQ3URFHVV
$GRSWD&RXUVH'HYHORSPHQW0RGHO
%
6WUDWHJ\
&RQGXFWD3LORW5XQRU,QLWLDWHDQ([SHUW([WHUQDO5HYLHZ
&
6WUDWHJ\
'HYHORS0HWKRGVIRU0DQDJLQJ'\QDPLF&RXUVH(OHPHQWV
'
6WUDWHJ\
'HYHORSDQG0DLQWDLQD&RXUVH+LVWRU\
(
6WUDWHJ\
,QYROYH2ULJLQDO&RXUVH$XWKRULQ5HYLVLRQ3URFHVV
)
6WUDWHJ\
%H3UHSDUHGWR0DNH)RUPDWLYH5HYLVLRQVDV1HFHVVDU\WKURXJKRXW
WKH&RXUVHLQ$GGLWLRQWR6FKHGXOHG&RXUVH5HYLVLRQV
7KHVHVWUDWHJLHVSURYLGHRQOLQHHGXFDWRUVZLWKJXLGHOLQHVIRUFRXUVHGHYHORSPHQW
DQGSURYLGHDGPLQLVWUDWRUVZLWKJXLGHOLQHVUHJDUGLQJZKDWLVH[SHFWHGGXULQJWKH
FUHDWLRQRIHQJDJLQJDQGZHOOGHYHORSHGRQOLQHFRXUVHV
&RQFOXVLRQVDQG,PSOLFDWLRQV
7KH DXWKRULQJ WHDFKLQJ LQVWLWXWLRQDO DQG FRXUVH UHYLVLRQ DQG
LPSURYHPHQW ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV DUH SURYLGHG QRW RQO\ DV D
FRXUVH RI DFWLRQ IRU WKRVH WHDFKLQJ RQOLQH WR KHOS WKHP UHGXFH WKHLU ZRUNORDG
EXW DOVR IRU RQOLQH HGXFDWRUV ZKR VHUYH DV WKHLU RZQ FRXUVH GHVLJQHU RU IRU
H[WHUQDO FRXUVH GHVLJQHUV ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHVH JXLGHOLQHV FDQ EH XVHG DV D WRRO
IRU HGXFDWLQJ DGPLQLVWUDWRUV DERXW WKH QHHGV RI RQOLQH HGXFDWRUV WUDLQHUV DQG
GHVLJQHUV)DFXOW\GHVLJQSHUVRQQHODQGDGPLQLVWUDWRUVQHHGVWUDWHJLHVWRUHGXFH
WKHZRUNORDGGXULQJWKHSURFHVVRIGHYHORSLQJDQGLPSOHPHQWLQJRQOLQHFRXUVHV
$XWKRULQJ VWUDWHJLHV LQYROYH ZRUNORDG LVVXHV GXULQJ WKH FRXUVHGHYHORSPHQW
SURFHVVZKLOHWHPSODWHVDUHFUHDWHGVWXGHQWWHDPVDUHIRUPHGSURMHFWPDQDJHPHQW
WHFKQLTXHVDUHLQFRUSRUDWHGDQGUXEULFVDUHGHYHORSHGWREHXWLOL]HGLQDVVHVVPHQW
7HDFKLQJ VWUDWHJLHV LQFOXGH FODULI\LQJ VWXGHQWV· VNLOOV GHYHORSLQJ GHWDLOHG
Volume L, No. 3, Fall, 2008.
145
'57(1$%&5(:6'5.(//<:,/.,1621'5.9,5*,1,$+(0%<
'50(/,1'$0&&$1121$1''5&+(5</:,('0$,(5
G\QDPLF V\OODEL DQG HVWDEOLVKLQJ OHDUQLQJ PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHPV WR HQKDQFH
JURXSG\QDPLFVDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQ&RXUVHUHYLVLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWLQFOXGHV
PXOWLSOH HYDOXDWLRQV RI RQOLQH FRXUVHV DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI ÀQGLQJV IURP
WKH HYDOXDWLRQV ,QVWLWXWLRQDO VWUDWHJLHV LQFOXGH SURYLGLQJ IDFXOW\ GHYHORSPHQW
RSSRUWXQLWLHVIDFXOW\DFFHVVWRLQVWUXFWLRQDOGHVLJQDQGV\VWHPVXSSRUWDQGFOHDU
LQVWLWXWLRQDOSROLFLHVDQGVWDWHPHQWVRXWOLQLQJWKHUROHRIRQOLQHHGXFDWLRQWRPHHW
WKHPLVVLRQRIWKHXQLYHUVLW\
7KHUHVXOWVRIWKLVUHVHDUFKLPSDFWWKHÀHOGRIRQOLQHLQVWUXFWLRQDQGWUDLQLQJ
LQ WKH IROORZLQJ ZD\V )LUVW IDFXOW\ DQG WUDLQHUV WHDFKLQJ RQOLQH KDYH DFFHVV
WR WKH PRVW XSWRGDWH ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV IRU RQOLQH WHDFKHUV
6HFRQGWKHZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVDUHFRPSOHWHZLWKGHVFULSWLRQVVR
WKDW RQOLQH HGXFDWRUV DQG WUDLQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR LPSOHPHQW WKHP HIIHFWLYHO\
7KLUG WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKHVH ZRUNORDG PDQDJHPHQW VWUDWHJLHV DVVLVWV
EXVLQHVV HGXFDWRUV DQG WUDLQHUV LQ GHYHORSLQJ DQG PDLQWDLQLQJ RQOLQH FRXUVHV
ZLWKHIIHFWLYHPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHV7KURXJKWKLVUHVHDUFKDQGWKHZRUNORDG
PDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHV:HESDJHKWWSZZZKUVPVFHGXWFUHZV:/06KWPO
RQOLQHHGXFDWRUVDQGWUDLQHUVKDYHPRUHDFFHVVWRWKHVHVWUDWHJLHV
)XWXUH VWXGLHV ZLOO LQYROYH WKH H[SORUDWLRQ RI LGHQWLI\LQJ WKH OHYHO RI VNLOO
UHTXLUHGIRUHDFKVWUDWHJ\DQGLWVVXESDUWV+HQFHHDFKVWUDWHJ\ZLOOEHDQDO\]HG
DVDEHJLQQLQJLQWHUPHGLDWHRUH[SHULHQFHGOHYHOVWUDWHJ\7KHUHIRUHEHJLQQLQJ
RQOLQH HGXFDWRUV DQG WUDLQHUV FRXOG UHYLHZ D VXEVHW RI WKH VWUDWHJLHV WR EHJLQ
WKHLUMRXUQH\LQWRRQOLQHHGXFDWLRQ7KHVDPHZLOOEHWUXHIRULQWHUPHGLDWHDQG
H[SHULHQFHGRQOLQHHGXFDWRUV
$TXDOLWDWLYHVWXG\LQYROYLQJLQWHUYLHZVRIRQOLQHHGXFDWRUVDQGWUDLQHUVZKR
DUHXVLQJWKHVHVWUDWHJLHVZRXOGEHYDOXDEOHWRLQYHVWLJDWHZKLFKVWUDWHJLHVIDFXOW\
WHQGWRXVHRUQRWXVHDQGWROHDUQWKHLURSLQLRQVRQKRZHIIHFWLYHWKHVWUDWHJLHV
DUHLQUHGXFLQJZRUNORDG$VWXG\RIWKLVW\SHZRXOGFRQWLQXHWRDGGWRDQGRU
YDOLGDWHWKHZRUNORDGVWUDWHJLHV
146
The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal
:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
5HIHUHQFHV
$QGHUVRQ7.DQXND+H5HVHDUFKPHWKRGVVWUDWHJLHVDQGLVVXHV
%RVWRQ0$3HDUVRQ(GXFDWLRQ
%HFNHU ' 'Z\HU 0 7KH LPSDFW RI VWXGHQW YHUEDOYLVXDO OHDUQLQJ
VW\OH SUHIHUHQFH RQ LPSOHPHQWLQJ JURXSZDUH LQ WKH FODVVURRP -RXUQDO RI
$V\QFKURQRXV/HDUQLQJ1HWZRUNV5HWULHYHG'HFHPEHUIURP
KWWSZZZDOQRUJDOQZHEMRXUQDOMDOQBYROLVVXHKWPEHFNHU
%HQHGHWWL'2QOLQHOHDUQLQJLVIRFXVRILQVWLWXWH2XWUHDFK0DJD]LQH
5HWULHYHG 0DUFK IURP KWWSZZZRXWUHDFKSVXHGXQHZV
PDJD]LQH9ROBRQOLQHBOHDUQLQJKWPO
%RHWWFKHU - 9 +RZ PXFK GRHV LW FRVW WR GHYHORS D GLVWDQFH OHDUQLQJ
FRXUVH" ,W DOO GHSHQGV 'HVLJQLQJ IRU /HDUQLQJ 5HWULHYHG 0DUFK IURPKWWSZZZGHVLJQLQJIRUOHDUQLQJLQIRVHUYLFHVZULWLQJGOPD\KWP
%UDKOHU&-3HWHUVRQ16-RKQVRQ(&'HYHORSLQJRQOLQHOHDUQLQJ
PDWHULDOVIRUKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ$QRYHUYLHZRIFXUUHQWLVVXHV(GXFDWLRQDO
7HFKQRORJ\6RFLHW\5HWULHYHG'HFHPEHUIURPKWWSZZZ
LIHWVLQIRMRXUQDOVBMD\QHBEUDKOHUKWPO
%URRNV.::LQWHU'HOSKLWHFKQLTXH([SDQGLQJDSSOLFDWLRQV1RUWK
&HQWUDO$VVRFLDWLRQ4XDUWHUO\
%URZQ % 0 'LJLWDO FODVVURRPV 6RPH P\WKV DERXW GHYHORSLQJ QHZ
HGXFDWLRQDOSURJUDPVXVLQJWKH,QWHUQHW7+(-RXUQDO
%URZQ % 'HOSKL SURFHVV $ PHWKRGRORJ\ XVHG IRU WKH HOLFLWDWLRQ RI
RSLQLRQVRIH[SHUWV6DQWD0RQLFD7KH5$1'&RUSRUDWLRQ
&DYDQDXJK - -XO\ 0DQDJH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ WR UHGXFH WKH LQVWUXFWRU
ZRUNORDG2QOLQH&ODVVURRP
&HQWUDO,QWHOOLJHQFH$JHQF\:RUOG)DFW%RRN5HWULHYHG'HFHPEHU
IURPZZZFLDJRYFLDSXEOLFDWLRQVIDFWERRNJHRVXVKWPO
&R\QHU6&0F&DQQ3/$GYDQWDJHVDQGFKDOOHQJHVRIWHDFKLQJLQ
DQHOHFWURQLFHQYLURQPHQW7KHDFFRPPRGDWHPRGHO,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDO
RI,QVWUXFWLRQDO0HGLD
&UHZV 7 % :LONLQVRQ . :LHGPDLHU & +HPE\ . 9 0F&DQQRQ 0
(IIHFWLYHZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVIRUWHDFKLQJRQOLQH'HOWD
3L (SVLORQ 1DWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH %RRN RI 5HDGLQJV 3DUW ,9 5HVHDUFK LQ
3URJUHVV
&XHOODU 1 7KH WUDQVLWLRQ IURP FODVVURRP WR RQOLQH WHDFKLQJ 1XUVLQJ
)RUXP
&\SKHUW)*DQW:/7KH'HOSKLWHFKQLTXH$FDVHVWXG\3KL'HOWD
.DSSDQ
'DONH\1'HOSKL6DQWD0RQLFD&$7KH5$1'&RUSRUDWLRQ
'DONH\ 1 +HOPHU 2 $Q H[SHULPHQWDO DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH 'HOSKL
PHWKRGWRWKHXVHRIH[SHUWV0DQDJHPHQW6FLHQFH
'H 6LPRQH & :LQWHU 3UHSDULQJ RXU WHDFKHUV IRU GLVWDQFH HGXFDWLRQ
&ROOHJH7HDFKLQJ
'HZH\-([SHULHQFHDQGHGXFDWLRQ7KH.DSSD'HOWD3L/HFWXUH6HULHV
/RQGRQ&ROOLHU0DFPLOODQ
Volume L, No. 3, Fall, 2008.
147
'57(1$%&5(:6'5.(//<:,/.,1621'5.9,5*,1,$+(0%<
'50(/,1'$0&&$1121$1''5&+(5</:,('0$,(5
'·6LOYD 5 5HHGHU . )DFWRUV WKDW LQÁXHQFH IDFXOW\ PHPEHUV·
XSWDNHDQGFRQWLQXHGXVHRIFRXUVHPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPV%ULWLVK-RXUQDORI
(GXFDWLRQDO7HFKQRORJ\
'XQODS-:RUNORDGUHGXFWLRQLQRQOLQHFRXUVHV*HWWLQJVRPHVKXWH\H
3HUIRUPDQFH,PSURYHPHQW
)DKHUW\%:LQWHU&RQWLQXLQJVRFLDOZRUNHGXFDWLRQ5HVXOWVRID'HOSKL
VXUYH\-RXUQDORI(GXFDWLRQIRU6RFLDO:RUN
)LVK 6 2FWREHU *LYH XV OLEHUW\ RU JLYH XV UHYHQXH &KURQLFOH RI
+LJKHU(GXFDWLRQ5HWULHYHG'HFHPEHUIURPKWWSFKURQLFOHFRP
MREVFKWP
)ROH\ * 6FKXFN 6 :HEEDVHG FRQIHUHQFLQJ 3HGDJRJLFDO DVVHW
RU FRQVWUDLQW" $XVWUDOLDQ -RXUQDO RI (GXFDWLRQDO 7HFKQRORJLHV +ROGHQ0&7KHIXWXUHRIFRPSXWHUPHGLDWHGFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQKLJKHU
HGXFDWLRQLQVWUXFWLRQ7KHUHVXOWVRID'HOSKLVWXG\8QSXEOLVKHGGRFWRUDO
GLVVHUWDWLRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI0LVVRXUL&ROXPELD
+XHEQHU.0:HLQHU:5'LVWDQFHHGXFDWLRQLQ-RXUQDORI
9LVXDO ,PSDLUPHQW DQG %OLQGQHVV 5HWULHYHG 0DUFK IURP
KWWSZZZDIERUJ-9,%-9,%DVS
+XDQJ+/LDZ6*XLGLQJGLVWDQFHHGXFDWRUVLQEXLOGLQJZHEEDVHG
LQVWUXFWLRQV,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QVWUXFWLRQDO0HGLD
+XWWRQ 6 &RXUVH GHVLJQ VWUDWHJLHV 7UDGLWLRQDO YHUVXV 2QOLQH :KDW
WUDQVIHUV" :KDW GRHVQ·W" 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW WKH $QQXDO 0HHWLQJ RI WKH
$PHULFDQ$VVRFLDWLRQ IRU$GXOW DQG &RQWLQXLQJ (GXFDWLRQ 3KRHQL[$=
(5,&'RFXPHQW5HSURGXFWLRQ6HUYLFH1R('
,QVWUXFWLRQDO7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV &RXQFLO ,7&·V GHÀQLWLRQ RI GLVWDQFH
HGXFDWLRQ 5HWULHYHG 0DUFK IURP KWWSZZZLWFQHWZRUNRUJ
GHÀQLWLRQKWP
-XGG5&-XO\)RUHFDVWLQJWRFRQVHQVXVJDWKHULQJ'HOSKLJURZVXSWR
FROOHJHQHHGV&ROOHJHDQG8QLYHUVLW\%XVLQHVV
.LOLDQ&)):K\WHDFKRQOLQH(GXFDWLRQ5HYLHZ
.LUN03&ULWLFDOLVVXHVDIIHFWLQJ,QWHUQHWLQVWUXFWLRQZLWKLQWKH1RUWK
&DUROLQD&RPPXQLW\&ROOHJH6\VWHP'RFWRUDO'LVVHUWDWLRQ1RUWK&DUROLQD
6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\(5,&'RFXPHQW5HSURGXFWLRQ6HUYLFH1R('
/LQVWRQH + $ 7XURII 0 7KH 'HOSKL 0HWKRG 7HFKQLTXHV DQG
$SSOLFDWLRQV5HDGLQJ0$$GGLVRQ:HVOH\
0DGGR[ & ' 'HYHORSLQJ RQOLQH FRXUVHV 7HQ P\WKV 5XUDO 6SHFLDO
(GXFDWLRQ4XDUWHUO\
0F.HQ]LH%.0LPV1%HQQHWW(:DXJK01HHGVFRQFHUQV
DQG SUDFWLFHV RI RQOLQH LQVWUXFWRUV 2QOLQH -RXUQDO RI 'LVWDQFH /HDUQLQJ
$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ5HWULHYHG'HFHPEHUIURPKWWSZZZZHVWJD
HGXaGLVWDQFHRMGODIDOOPFNHQ]LHSGI
0RRUH0*(G&RQWHPSRUDU\LVVXHVLQ$PHULFDQGLVWDQFHHGXFDWLRQ
(OPVIRUG1<3HUJDPRQ3UHVV
148
The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal
:25./2$'0$1$*(0(17675$7(*,(6)2521/,1(('8&$7256
3HHO%/HGIRUG&$GYLFHIRULQVWUXFWRUVPDNLQJWKHWUDQVLWLRQWR
RQOLQHLQVWUXFWLRQ'LVWDQFH(GXFDWLRQ5HSRUW
5DJDQ/&7HUKHJJHQ6/(IIHFWLYHZRUNORDGPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJLHV
IRUWKHRQOLQHHQYLURQPHQW6WDWH&ROOHJH3$3HQQV\OYDQLD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\
:RUOG&DPSXV$OIUHG36ORDQ)RXQGDWLRQ*UDQW
6WUDXVV+-=HLJOHU/+WK4WU7KH'HOSKLWHFKQLTXHDQGLWVXVHVLQ
VRFLDOVFLHQFHUHVHDUFK-RXUQDORI&UHDWLYH%HKDYLRU
6WUDXVV:+RZH1*HQHUDWLRQV7KHKLVWRU\RI$PHULFD·VIXWXUH
WR1HZ<RUN:LOOLDP0RUURZ
7DUU70F'DQLHO5,838,-XPS6WDUW3URJUDPSUHSDUHVIDFXOW\WR
WHDFKRQOLQH$FDGHPLF/HDGHU
7HUVLQH-55LJJV(:7KH'HOSKLWHFKQLTXH$ORQJUDQJHSODQQLQJ
WRRO%XVLQHVV+RUL]RQV
8QLWHG6WDWHV*HQHUDO$FFRXQWLQJ2IÀFH*URZWKLQGLVWDQFHHGXFDWLRQ
SURJUDPVDQGLPSOLFDWLRQVIRUIHGHUDOHGXFDWLRQSROLF\6WDWHPHQWRI&RUQHOLD
0$VKE\'LUHFWRU(GXFDWLRQ:RUNIRUFHDQG,QFRPH6HFXULW\,VVXHV
9DQ'H9HQ$+'HOEHFT$/7KHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIQRPLQDO'HOSKL
DQGLQWHUDFWLQJJURXSGHFLVLRQPDNLQJSURFHVVHV$FDGHP\RI0DQDJHPHQW
-RXUQDO
:HDYHU:77KH'HOSKLIRUHFDVWLQJPHWKRG3KL'HOWD.DSSDQ
:LOOLDPV 0 3DSURFN . &RYLQJWRQ % 'LVWDQFH OHDUQLQJ 7KH
HVVHQWLDOJXLGH7KRXVDQG2DNV&$6DJH
:RUNORDGDQGFRPSHQVDWLRQFRQVLGHUDWLRQVIRURQOLQHIDFXOW\$FDGHPLF
/HDGHU
$UWLFOHVXEPLWWHG
$UWLFOHDSSURYHG
Volume L, No. 3, Fall, 2008.
149