Focus On Grammar 2
(3rd edition)
Chapter 1: Present Tense
BE
(to be or not to be; that is the question)
Forms
Singular
Plural
First
I am
We are
Second
You are
You are
Third
He is, She is, it is
They are
Contractions
Singular
Plural
First
I am = I’m
NOT for short answers
We are = we’re
Second
You are = You’re
NOT [your]
You are = You’re
NOT [your]
Third
He is, She is, it is =
He’s, She’s, it’s
NOT [its]
They are = They’re
NOT [There]
Chapt. 2: Negatives (NOT)
(NOT goes after the BE verb)
Singular
Plural
First
I am not = I’m not
We are not = we’re not
Second
You are not =
You’re not
OR You aren’t
You are not =
You’re not
OR You aren’t
Third
He is not, She is not, It is not =
He’s not, She’s not , it’s not
OR He isn’t, She isn’t, it isn’t
They are not
= They’re not
OR They aren’t
Yes/No Questions with BE
(Move the BE in front of the Subject)
1st
I am a student.
Am I a student?
2nd
You are a student.
?
3rd
She is a student.
?
1st
We are students.
?
2nd
You are students.
?
3rd
They are students.
?
Chapter 3: Past Tense of BE
Singular
Plural
First
I was a student.
We were students.
Second
You were a student.
You were students.
Third
He was a student.
She was a student.
It was a movie.
They were students.
Yes/No PAST Questions with BE
(Move the BE in front of the Subject)
1st
I was a student.
Was I a student?
2nd
You were a student.
?
3rd
She was a student.
?
1st
We were students.
?
2nd
You were students.
?
3rd
They were students.
?
Past Negatives (NOT)
(NOT goes after the BE verb)
Singular
Plural
First
I was not = I wasn’t
We were not = we’re not
Second
You were not = You weren’t
You were not = You weren’t
Third
He was not = He wasn’t
She was not = She wasn’t
It was not = It wasn’t
They were not = They weren’t
Past Contractions
(no past positive contractions)
only contract with NOT
I was a student.
I wasn’t a student.
You were a student.
You weren’t a student.
She was a student.
She wasn’t a student.
We were students.
We weren’t students.
You were students.
You weren’t students.
They were students.
They weren’t students.