1
SPSS LABORATORY SESSIONS
1.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of this laboratory session is to familiarize participants with the SPSS
software when analyzing data for research purposes. At the end of the session the students are
expected to be able to:









2.
Enter and define data in a proper manner,
Navigate the data window of SPSS,
Choose data for selective processing,
Use the Syntax Window for purposes of definition and manipulation of raw data
Provide appropriate commands for the techniques identified – Descriptives, Test of
Differences, and Relationships,
Navigate the output window,
Generate graphical outputs,
Edit the output in the output window, and
Transfer outputs from SPSS to other presentation format – Word, Powerpoint.
PEDAGOGY
To achieve the above objectives, this one-day session will focus on hands-on training in the
use of SPSS. It will assume some basic knowledge of statistics and students are expected to
read the handout entitled DATA ANALYSIS USING SPSS prior to coming to the session.
During the session, actual data using the case HATCO will be utilized. Students are expected
to familiarize themselves with the case and data.
3. CONTENT
The laboratory sessions will cover the following:




Introduction to SPSS – the three windows and their purposes,
Creating the Database
o Data entry – Data Window,
o Data Definition,
o Data Checking,
o Data Manipulation
Analysing the Data
o Checking the Data Structures,
o Descriptive Statistics
o Test of Differences
o Relationships
Reporting your findings
o Transfers of Output to other presentation format – Copy and Copy Objects
for Word and Powerpoints
o Graphical Summaries Generations
The laboratory session will be guided the document GUIDE TO SPSS LABORATORY
SESSION as Document 2 given below.
SPSS Lab Session
2
CASE: HATCO
Consist of 100 observations on 14 separate variables from a survey of customers of HATCO. Three
types of information were collected. The first type is the perception of HATCO on seven attributes
identified in past studies as the most influential in the choice of suppliers. The respondents,
purchasing managers of firms buying from HATCO rated HATCO on each attribute. The second type
of information relates to actual purchase outcomes, either the evaluation of each respondent’s
satisfaction with HATCO or the percentage of that respondent’s product purchases from HATCO.
The third type of information contains general characteristics of the purchasing companies (e.g., firm
size, industry type)
 Perception of HATCO: Measured on a graphic rating scale, where a 10-centimeter line was
drawn between the endpoints, labeled “poor” and “Excellent”
Excellent
Poor
The attributes are as follows:
X1:
Delivery Speed
X2:
Price Level
X3:
Price Flexibility
X4:
Manufacturer Image
X5:
Overall Service
X6:
Salesforce Image
X7:
Product Quality
 Purchase Outcomes: Two specific measures that reflected the outcomes of the respondents
purchase relationship with HATCO
X9:
X10:
Usage Level – how much of the firm’s total product is purchased from HATCO,
measured on a 100-point percentage scale.
Satisfaction Level – how satisfied the purchaser is with past purchases from HATCO,
measured on the same graphic rating scale as perceptions
 Purchaser Characteristics: Five characteristics of the responding firms used in the study, some
metric and some non-metric are:
X8:
X11:
X12:
X13:
X14:
Firm Size (1 = Large; 0 = small)
Specification buying/Articulation Of Needs – The extent to which a particular
purchaser evaluates each purchase separately (total value analysis) versus the use of
specification buying, which details precisely the product characteristics desired (0 =
Specification buying; 1 = Total Value Analysis)
Structure of Procurement - method of procuring or purchasing products within a
particular company (0 = Decentralized; 1 = Centralized)
Type of Industry – industry classification in which a purchaser belongs (SIC) ( 0 =
SIC Category 1; 1 = Others)
Type of Buying Situation facing the purchaser (01 = New task; 2 = Modified Rebuy;
3 = Straight Rebuy)
SPSS Lab Session
3
Description of the Database Variables
Variable Description
PERCEPTIONS OF HATCO
X1: Delivery speed
X2: Price Level
X3: Price flexibility
X4: Manufacturer’s Image
X5: Overall Service
X6: Salesforce Image
X7: Product Quality
ID
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Variable Type
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
PURCHASE OUTCOMES
X9: Usage Level
X10: Satisfaction level
Metric
Metric
PURCHASER CHARACTERISTICS
X8: Size of firm
X11: Specification Buying
X12: Structure of procurement
X13: Type of Industry
X14: Type of buying situation
Nonmetric
Nonmetric
Nonmetric
Nonmetric
Nonmetric
X1
4.1
1.8
3.4
2.7
6.0
1.9
4.6
1.3
5.5
4.0
2.4
3.9
2.8
3.7
4.7
3.4
3.2
4.9
5.3
4.7
3.3
3.4
3.0
2.4
5.1
4.6
2.4
5.2
X2
.6
3.0
5.2
1.0
0.9
3.3
2.4
4.2
1.6
3.5
1.6
2.2
1.4
1.5
1.3
2.0
4.1
1.8
1.4
1.3
.9
.4
4.0
1.5
1.4
2.1
1.5
1.3
X3
6.9
6.3
5.7
7.1
9.6
7.9
9.5
6.2
9.4
6.5
8.8
9.1
8.1
8.6
9.9
9.7
5.7
7.7
9.7
9.9
8.6
8.3
9.1
6.7
8.7
7.9
6.6
9.7
X4
4.7
6.6
6.0
5.9
7.8
4.8
6.6
5.1
4.7
6.0
4.8
4.6
3.8
5.7
6.7
4.7
5.1
4.3
6.1
6.7
4.0
2.5
7.1
4.8
4.8
5.8
4.8
6.1
X5
2.4
2.5
4.3
1.8
3.4
2.6
3.5
2.8
3.5
3.7
2.0
3.0
2.1
2.7
3.0
2.7
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.0
2.1
1.2
3.5
1.9
3.3
3.4
1.9
3.2
X6
2.3
4.0
2.7
2.3
4.6
1.9
4.5
2.2
3.0
3.2
2.8
2.5
1.4
3.7
2.6
1.7
2.9
1.5
3.9
2.6
1.8
1.7
3.4
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.5
3.9
X7
5.2
8.4
8.2
7.8
4.5
9.7
7.6
6.9
7.6
8.7
5.8
8.3
6.6
6.7
6.8
4.8
6.2
5.9
6.8
6.8
6.3
5.2
8.4
7.2
3.8
4.7
7.2
6.7
X8
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
X9
32
43
48
32
58
45
46
44
63
54
32
47
39
38
54
49
38
40
54
55
41
35
55
36
49
49
36
54
SPSS Lab Session
X10
4.2
4.3
5.2
3.9
6.8
4.4
5.8
4.3
5.4
5.4
4.3
5.0
4.4
5.0
5.9
4.7
4.4
5.6
5.9
6.0
4.5
3.3
5.2
3.7
4.9
5.9
3.7
5.8
X11
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
X12
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
X13
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
X14
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
1
3
1
2
3
1
3
4
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
3.5
4.1
3.0
2.8
5.2
3.4
2.4
1.8
3.6
4.0
.0
2.4
1.9
5.9
4.9
5.0
2.0
5.0
3.1
3.4
5.8
5.4
3.7
2.6
4.5
2.8
3.8
2.9
4.9
5.4
4.3
2.3
3.1
5.1
4.1
3.0
1.1
3.7
4.2
1.6
5.3
2.3
3.6
5.6
3.6
5.2
3.0
4.2
3.8
3.3
1.0
4.5
5.5
2.8
3.7
3.2
3.8
2.0
3.7
1.0
3.3
4.0
.9
2.1
2.0
3.4
.9
2.3
1.3
2.6
2.5
1.9
3.9
.2
2.1
.7
4.8
4.1
2.4
.8
2.6
4.4
2.5
1.8
4.5
1.9
1.9
1.1
3.8
2.0
1.4
2.5
4.5
1.7
3.7
5.4
2.2
2.2
1.3
2.0
2.4
.8
2.6
1.9
1.6
1.8
9.9
5.9
6.0
8.9
9.3
6.4
7.7
7.5
5.8
9.1
6.9
6.4
7.6
9.6
9.3
8.6
6.5
9.4
10.0
5.6
8.8
8.0
8.2
8.2
6.3
6.7
8.7
7.7
7.4
9.6
7.6
8.0
9.9
9.2
9.3
5.5
7.2
9.0
9.2
6.4
8.5
8.3
5.9
8.2
9.9
9.1
6.6
9.4
8.3
9.7
7.1
8.7
8.7
3.5
5.5
5.3
6.9
5.9
5.7
3.4
4.5
5.8
5.4
5.4
4.5
4.6
7.8
4.5
4.7
3.7
4.6
4.5
5.6
4.5
3.0
6.0
5.0
5.9
4.9
2.9
7.0
6.9
5.5
5.4
4.7
4.5
5.8
5.5
4.9
4.7
4.5
6.2
5.3
3.7
5.2
6.2
3.1
4.8
4.5
6.6
4.9
6.1
3.3
4.5
4.6
3.8
3.1
3.9
3.1
3.3
3.7
3.5
1.7
2.5
3.7
2.4
1.1
2.1
2.6
3.4
3.6
3.1
2.4
3.7
2.6
3.6
3.0
3.8
2.1
3.6
4.3
2.5
1.6
2.8
4.6
4.0
3.1
3.3
2.6
3.6
2.5
3.4
1.6
2.6
3.3
3.0
3.5
3.0
4.5
4.0
2.9
3.3
2.4
3.2
2.2
2.9
1.5
3.1
3.6
1.7
3.0
3.0
3.2
2.4
3.4
1.1
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.2
2.5
4.6
1.3
2.5
1.7
1.4
3.2
2.3
2.4
1.4
2.5
2.5
3.4
2.6
2.1
3.6
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.2
3.1
2.3
2.7
2.6
3.2
2.3
3.9
2.5
1.9
2.3
2.9
1.6
1.9
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
1.5
3.1
2.1
2.1
5.4
8.4
8.0
8.2
4.6
8.4
6.2
7.6
9.3
7.3
8.9
8.8
7.7
4.5
6.2
3.7
8.5
6.3
3.8
9.1
6.7
5.2
5.2
9.0
8.8
9.2
5.6
7.7
9.6
7.7
4.4
8.7
3.8
4.5
7.4
6.0
10.0
6.8
7.3
7.1
4.8
9.1
8.4
5.3
4.9
7.3
8.2
8.5
5.3
5.2
9.9
6.8
4.9
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
49
46
43
53
60
47
35
39
44
46
29
28
40
58
53
48
38
54
55
43
57
53
41
53
50
32
39
47
62
65
46
50
54
60
47
36
40
45
59
46
58
49
50
55
51
60
41
49
42
47
39
56
59
SPSS Lab Session
5.4
5.1
3.3
5.0
6.1
3.8
4.1
3.6
4.8
5.1
3.9
3.3
3.7
6.7
5.9
4.8
3.2
6.0
4.9
4.7
4.9
3.8
5.0
5.2
5.5
3.7
3.7
4.2
6.2
6.0
5.6
5.0
4.8
6.1
5.3
4.2
3.4
4.9
6.0
4.5
4.3
4.8
5.4
3.9
4.9
5.1
4.1
5.2
5.1
5.1
3.3
5.1
4.5
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
3
2
1
3
3
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
2
3
1
3
3
5
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
3.4
1.6
2.3
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.1
2.9
4.3
3.0
4.8
3.1
1.9
4.0
.6
6.1
2.0
3.1
2.5
4.6
2.8
3.7
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.5
1.2
2.5
2.8
1.7
4.2
2.7
.5
1.6
.5
2.8
2.2
1.8
5.5
6.1
7.6
8.5
7.0
8.4
7.4
7.3
9.3
7.8
7.6
5.1
5.0
6.7
6.4
9.2
5.2
6.7
9.0
8.2
6.4
5.0
6.0
4.2
5.9
4.8
6.1
6.3
7.1
4.2
7.8
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.8
5.0
6.8
5.0
4.0
2.3
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.0
3.4
3.0
3.3
3.6
2.2
2.2
.7
3.3
2.4
2.6
2.2
4.4
3.8
2.5
2.8
2.2
2.7
2.3
2.5
4.0
3.8
1.4
4.0
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.8
2.7
2.9
3.0
6.3
8.2
7.4
6.8
9.0
6.7
7.2
8.0
7.4
7.9
5.8
5.9
8.2
5.0
8.4
7.1
8.4
8.4
6.0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
47
41
37
53
43
51
36
34
60
49
39
43
36
31
25
60
38
42
33
SPSS Lab Session
5.6
4.1
4.4
5.6
3.7
5.5
4.3
4.0
6.1
4.4
5.5
5.2
3.6
4.0
3.4
5.2
3.7
4.3
4.4
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
6
Document 2: Guide to SPSS Lab. Session
GUIDE TO SPSS LABORATORY SESSION
DATA ENTRY AND DEFINITION
Data entry for first 5 rows
DATA MANIPULATION
Compute: say means of (X1 to X7)
Recode: X10 into X10R (Use percentile to form 3 groups)
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Frequencies: X8, X14, X11
Means: X9, X10
Means by Size, Type of Buying Situation: X9, X10 by X8; X14
TEST OF DIFFERENCES
Two Samples/Populations:
Parametric Test:
t-test – Independent
Dependent: X9 Usage Level; Independent Variable: X8: Size of Firm
Paired t-test: X5 vs X6
Non-parametric:
Mann-Whitney Tests; Sign test;
Dependent: X9 Usage Level; Independent Variable: X8: Size of Firm
Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Rank Test: X5 vs X6
Sign test: X5 vs X6
Three or more samples:
Parametric:
1-way ANOVA – Dependent: X10; Independent: X14
2-way ANOVA – Block samples: with and without interaction:
Dependent: X10; Independent: X14 & X12 Also get graph
Dependent: X10; Independent: X14 & X8
Non-parametric:
Independent: Kruskal-Wallis test: – Dependent: X10; Independent: X14
Dependent samples : Friedman: X1, X2, X3,X4,X5,X6, X7
CHI-SQUARED TEST
Goodness of Fit Test: X10R; or X14
Independence Test: Use Recoded X10r vs X14
Options: For output
SIMPLE REGRESSION
Dependent: X10
Independent: X1 – X7 (one at a time)
SPSS Lab Session
7
CORRELATIONS
Pearson and Spearman Correlations:
Variables: X1 – X6; X10
MULTIPLE REGRESSION
Dependent Variable: X10 Satisfaction
Independent: X1 – X7
Method: Enter
Regression Diagnostics:
Multicollinearity
Durbin-Watson
Outliers and Influential Observations:
Leverage values
Standardized residuals
Studentized residuals
Press – Deleted standardized and studentized residuals
Dfbetas
Mahalabobis distance
Cooks distance
Dffit
Dfbetas
Stepwise Regression:
DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
Splitting the sample: Transform – Random No. Seed
Transform – Compute = Uniform(1) > 0.65
Estimating: Classify – Discriminant
Method – Simultaneous/Stepwise
Randz – Choice of Sample
Option: Details of Output
Univariate Results
Classification Summary
Data:
2 groups: Dependent (Grouping Variable) X11
Independent: X1 to X7
3-groups: Dependent (Grouping Variable) X14
Independent: X1 to X7
FACTOR ANALYSIS
VARIABLES: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7
First Run: Note: KMO and MSA readings; Without Varimax Rotation
Option: Correlation matrix, Scree Plot; Descriptive; Anti-image
Second Run: With Varimax Rotation
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
Variables X1, X2, X3, X7 and X4 and X6
SPSS Lab Session
8
SPSS Lab Session