SUB-REGIONAL COOPERATION
ON AIR TRANSPORT AMONG
CAMBODIA, LAO PDR,
MYANMAR AND VIET NAM
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Participating Countries:
 The Kingdom of Cambodia - area: 181,035 km2,
population: 10.7 million;
 Lao PDR - area: 236,800 km2, population: 4.58
million);
 The Union of Myanmar - area: 676,552 km2,
population 45.97 million); and
 The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam - area:
329,707 km2, population: 80 million).
* All the four countries are members of the United
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Nations, ICAO, and ASEAN
Major cities and important tourist spots in the
Sub-region:
 Phnom Penh, Sihanoukville, Kep, Kompong
Cham, Battambang, Siem Reap (Cambodia);
 Vientiane, Luang Phabang, Savanakhet, Pakse
(Lao PDR);
 Yangon, Mandalay, Mawlamyaing, Heho
(Myanmar); and
 Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hue, Hai
Phong, Da Lat, Dien Bien Phu (Viet Nam)
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The Establishment of the CLMV Sub-regional
Air Transport Cooperation:
Date: 13-14 January 1998
Place: Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Operation of the CLMV Sub-regional
Cooperation:
- Operational rights: no limitations as to
capacity and frequency; no limitation as to
the number of designated airlines; the study
of broadening the criteria of airline ownership
and control;
- Route Rights: no limitations as to route
structures;
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- Traffic Rights: no limitation as to the 3rd,
4th and 5th freedom traffic rights;
- Tariffs: dual disapproval principle;
- Non-scheduled air services: no limitations;
- Doing Business: no limitations.
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- no limitations as to computer reservation
system;
- no limitations as to doing business matters;
- application of dual disapproval principle of
tariffs;
- the study of broadening the criteria of airline
ownership and control.
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to harmonize rules and procedures and to
facilitate air transportation of passengers, mail and
cargo;
to develop various forms of cooperation and
assistance with respect to airports, airlines and air
navigation, i.e. to establish brotherhood cooperation
among airports;
to implement programs and projects to ensure
aviation security and safety in the Sub-region in
accordance with ICAO’s standards and recommended
practices.
to provide assistance with regard to
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technology, finance, training;
to exchange and help develop policies, legal
documents;
to cooperate between and among airlines in
scheduling coordination, tariff coordination, codesharing arrangements and joint ventures, etc.
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 Development of a Multilateral Agreement on
Air Transport of the Sub-region:
- to liberalize air transport; and
- to foster comprehensive cooperation among
the civil aviation of the four countries.
* The Agreement is expected to be adopted at the
Sixth DGCA Meeting which is to be held in May
2003.
 Unification of policies and viewpoints of the four
countries at other multilateral fora on the basis of
ensuring the interests of all four countries.
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 Expansion of the sub-regional route networks:
- to foster the traffic to/from and within the
Sub-region;
- to enhance investment, trade and exchange
of culture;
- to create favourable conditions for the
forming of a common tourist market (with
direct air links to capital cities, ancient capital
cities and other important tourist spots).
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Principles governing the operation of the Subregion:
 Four key principles: Cooperation, Mutual
Assistance, Consensus, and Firm on common
viewpoints
 Official activities:
- Director General of Civil Aviation Meeting;
- Air Transport Executives Meeting;
- CLMV Airlines, Tourism and Hotels
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Meeting
 Rules and procedures for adopting a decision,
resolution:
- consensus; or
- majority votes and a participating
country will not be required to implement any
decision or resolution if it votes against or
abstains such a decision or resolution.
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 Form of coordinating:
- The coordinating country is the host country of
the DGCA Meeting on rotation basis
 Dispute Settlement Mechanism:
- amicable negotiations
- ad hoc DGCA Meeting with a resolution
adopted by majority votes. The Sub-regional
Cooperation is an arrangement open to all other
countries.
 Admission of new members to The CLMV Sub14
region: after 2006.
Importance, Purposes of the CLMV Subregional Cooperation:
- The CLMV Sub-regional Air Transport
Cooperation - an integral part of ASEAN
cooperation;
- Recognition of the four governments of the
role of air transport in their national economic
development and the indispensability of
international air transport liberalization;
- Policies of the four countries to actively
take part in the international air transport
liberalization in a gradual and consistent
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manner;
- to create a common international air
transport market; to help foster the
development in other fields such as trade,
investment and international tourism of the
four countries.
- to create conditions for airlines of the four
countries to gradually build up their
competitiveness; to ensure practical interest of
all participating countries in the cooperation.
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Conclusion
 Set clear orientation on air transport
liberalization by participating countries, which
will be an integral part of overall national market
access opening, and it will serve to develop trade,
tourism and investment; and in turn air transport
will be developed based on general development
of national economy.
 Road map for air transport liberalization must
be properly developed; airlines involved should
take an active part in the implementation of such a
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road map.
 Preferential measures accorded to less
developed countries by more developed
countries are required at governmental and
airline levels to balance interests of all airlines
exploiting the market which include but not
limited to differences of the governmental
exchange of route, operational and traffic rights;
codesharing, providing seats free of charge and
other forms of cooperation between airlines.
 Beneficiaries of air transport liberalization
should have relevant cooperation and
coordination so as to ensure synchronous
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development of all industries concerned.