Transitioning Your Network to Meet Tomorrow’s
Needs
Julio Gonzalez
Fujitsu Network Communications
November 9, 2011
Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2010 Fujitsu Network Communications
Transitioning Your Network to Meet
Tomorrow’s Needs
Today you will hear:
 Keynote Address – Julio Gonzalez
 Transformation of Voice – Steve Gleave
 Cloud Computing – Joel Pogar
 Ethernet Service Monitoring – Seth Higgins
 The Future of Smart Grid – Rick Geiger
 Closing Remarks – Rick McKinney
Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2010 Fujitsu Network Communications
1
Future Market Drivers
Video  Content Networking
 Exponential bandwidth growth, revenue per bit not keeping up
 Over-the-Top Video and audio dominates BW on fixed and mobile
 IP video changes the way video is consumed, commercialized, and web embedded
Mobility  Internet of Humans and Things, Ubiquitous Connectivity
 Mass adoption emerging smart devices, mobile broadband explosion
 Evolution drives human context into networking (location, time, activity, social)
 M2M drives innovation in sensors, data collection, authentication and control systems
Virtualization  Public and Private Cloud Computing
 Data center access and large-pipe data center interconnect
 Secure, trusted, scalable, dynamic interconnect of DC control, mgmt, and data planes
 Infrastructure for content, application and service delivery networks
2
Content + Mobility + Cloud = Big Bandwidth
Cool – yet alarming – Predictions
14,000
12,000
Gbps / year
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
2008
Traditional Phone
2009
2010
3G Smart Phone
2011
2012
4G Smart Phone
2013
2014
2015
Aircard/Hostspots
2016
Tablets
Source : UBS 1Q11 – N. America Wireless Demand by device
It would take over 5 years to watch the amount
of video that will cross global IP networks
every second in 2015.
Internet video is now 40 percent of consumer
Internet traffic, and will reach 61 percent
by the end of 2015.
Globally, mobile data traffic will increase 26
times between 2010 and 2015.
The number of devices connected to IP
networks will be twice as high as the global
population in 2015.
Sources + Cisco VNI, 2011.
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3
Paradigm Shift from Technology to Human Focus
Creating Knowledge,
Supporting Human Activities
Transforming
Business Processes
Improving
Productivity
Scope of ICT
Human
Services
Internet
PC
Computer
Centric
Network
Centric
Cloud Computing
Sensor Technology
Ubiquitous Terminals
Mobile Communications
Human
Centric
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4
Current State of Utility Communications
Reliability is the number-one criteria for utility communications networks.
Reliability
Communications service
providers face increased
opportunities in utility
communications, but must
meet utilities’ key reliability,
technical and cost
requirements.
Increased
Opportunities
for Providers
Certain key technical factors are
mandatory for safe, reliable and
secure utility operations Extreme high reliability, higher
bandwidth, very low latency,
ubiquitous coverage, tight security
and uninterrupted power supplies.
Mandatory
Technical
Factors
Smart Grid
Evolving
Scope,
Structure &
Technologies
The advent of the smart grid
promises to create a more
uniform set of architectures,
configurations and applications
for utilities in the future.
The scope, structure and
technologies of utility
communications vary widely
from utility to utility – no
single approach to utility
communications is practical.
Source: UTC, A Study of Utility Communication Needs, Sept 2010
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5
Key Technical Factors that Impact
Utility Communications Networks
Technical Factor
Situation/Standard
High Reliability
• Crucial to ensure continued functioning of the electric grid
• Require at least four nines (99.99%) in core networks
Higher Capacity or
Bandwidth
• Advent of smart grid technologies and stepped-up needs for complex 2-way
communications driving higher bandwidth architectures
• Extensive microwave links & fiber backbones, but lack spectrum to support widearea backhaul & last-mile access
Low Latencies
• High latencies threaten core operations
• Acceptable level varies and is dependent on specific applications and magnitude of
risk to operational reliability
• Typically in low milliseconds range (10-60ms)
Ubiquitous Coverage
• Safety of field force requires reliable communications
• Need communications systems to cover full geographic expanse of service
territories, particularly wireless
Tight Security Measures
• Two-way digital technologies pose increased risks (i.e. million of endpoints)
• New mandates (NERC-CIP revision & NIST guidelines) driving requirements
• End-to-end protection of the network from physical and cyber attacks
Uninterrupted
Back-Up Power
• Critical to restoring service to the power grid and resuming normal power functions
• Most use combination of multi-hour battery back (8 hrs+) supplemented by
generator back-up powered by fuel sources
Utilities believe that outside telecom providers can not in every circumstance sufficiently meet the key
factors that are mandatory for ensuring the safe and steady operations of the power grid.
Source: UTC, A Study of Utility Communication Needs, Sept 2010
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6
Next Generation Network Planning Parameters
 Current network challenges
 Meeting current demand but not for long
 SONET-based networks can’t scale to transport packet-centric
information
 Provide deterministic performance
 High service availability requirement
 Service isolation and reliability
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 7
Fujitsu Vision And The Role Of Optical Networking
Human Centric Intelligent Society
Cities
Retail
Education
Agriculture
Healthcare
Government
UtilityUtily
Manufacturing
Converged Infrastructure
• Residential Services
• Commercial Services
Transportation
Mobile Backhaul
• 2G/3G/4G
Fujitsu ICT focused on creating value by connecting the real world
PONP
PONP
PONP
PONP
PONP
PONP
Cloud Fusion
Enterprise Services
• Access to IP Cloud
• Metro Ethernet Services
• Data Center Interconnect
Green Data Centers
Supercomputing
Servers and Middleware
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8
Different Implementations of Carrier
Ethernet
Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) and
Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE)
What is Carrier/Metro Ethernet ?
 Augmentation of Ethernet LAN technologies and
standards for use in metro and wide-area networks
 Network protection, Remote Fault Management, Performance
Measurements, Classes of Service, etc.
 Used to deliver Ethernet (Layer 2) and IP services to
subscribers
 Used to build metro/wide area networks (L2 VPNs)
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 10
Connectionless Ethernet (CLE)
 When most think of Ethernet, they
think of Ethernet LANs
 Technically referred to as Connectionless
Ethernet
LAN
 Single User per Ethernet Interface
 Network is inside a building
 CLE is also used for wide-area
connectivity
UNI
UNI
MP2MP
EVC in
Carrier
Network
 Sites connect to an Ethernet UNI
 Multiple Users per Ethernet Interface
 Network is across a wide area
May 10, 2011
UNI
UNI
UNI
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications
11
Challenges with Connectionless Ethernet
(CLE) in Carrier Ethernet Networks
 Non-Deterministic QoS and Traffic Patterns
 Variable QoS performance (Packet Delay, Delay Variation, Loss)
• Traffic paths vary due to spanning tree topology changes
 Difficult to traffic engineer variable traffic paths
 Difficult to Guarantee Bandwidth
 Multiple ingress and egress points in the network
 Oversubscribed bandwidth (CIR=0) impacts committed bandwidth (CIR≠0)
 Difficult to provide High Network Availability
 Spanning Tree cannot meet demanding application requirements
 No end-to-end service protection
CLE requires technology augmentation to make it “Carrier Grade”
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 12
Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE)
The Best of Both Worlds
Connectionless Ethernet
SONET
• Layer 2 Aggregation
• Statistical Multiplexing
• Flexible Bandwidth Granularity
• Cost Effectiveness
• Deterministic and precision QoS
• Bandwidth reserved per STS
• 99.999% Availability
• Highest Security (Layer 1 service)
Connection-Oriented
Ethernet
COE provides the Flexibility and Scalability of Ethernet
with the Performance, Reliability and Security of SONET
May 10, 2011
13
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright
2011 Fujitsu NetworkEthernet:
Communications
Connection-Oriented
A No-Nonsense Overview
What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet ?
 High performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet
 Used for P2P and P2MP metro and wide area networking
 Disables Ethernet bridging behavior
 No Spanning Tree Protocol
 No MAC address learning/flooding
 Ethernet paths provisioned by Management System
 Implementations use “label-based” frame forwarding
 Ethernet / VLAN Tag Switching: C-VIDs + S-VIDs
 PBB-TE: BMAC Address + B-VID
 MPLS-TP: MPLS label
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 14
COE Fundamental Attributes
Carrier Ethernet with Traffic Engineering
1. Ethernet Frames take
a predetermined path
ConnectionOriented Ethernet
 Guarantees Consistent
EVC Performance
2. Bandwidth Reserved
per EVC
 Also supports
oversubscription
May 10, 2011
Connectionless
Ethernet
EVC
EVC
?
Explicit data path
Implicit data path
ConnectionOriented Ethernet
Connectionless
Ethernet
EVC1
EVC2
EVC3
EVC1
EVC2
EVC3
?
Per-flow Bandwidth
Aggregated Bandwidth
Deterministic performance
Statistical performance
15 Overview
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright
2011 Fujitsu NetworkEthernet:
Communications
Connection-Oriented
A No-Nonsense
Connection-Oriented Ethernet
Attributes
Focusing on Ethernet-centric Implementations of COE
COE Ecosystem
6 Attributes of Connection-Oriented Ethernet
Standardized Services
• MEF Service Definitions
• MEF Service Attributes
Deterministic QoS
•Lowest Packet Latency and Loss
•Bandwidth Resource Reservation
Ethernet OAM
• Link Fault Management
• EVC Fault Management
• Performance Monitoring
Scalability
• Layer 2 Aggregation
• Statistical Multiplexing
Reliability / Availability
• 50ms EVC Protection
• UNI & ENNI Protection
Security
• No Bridging: MAC DoS attacks mitigated
• Completely Layer 2: No IP vulnerabilities
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications
17
Standardized Services and Applications
Supported by COE
 Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
Standardized Services
• MEF Service Definitions
• MEF Service Attributes
 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)
 Includes ‘Hub & Spoke’ applications
 Ethernet Access Services
 Access EPL **
 Access EVPL **
 Ethernet access to IP networks (Internet, VoIP, etc.)
 Cell Tower/Mobile Backhaul
** New MEF service definitions under development
COE supports the most popular types of Ethernet applications and services
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 18
Ethernet over SONET (EoS) Challenges on SONET
Multiservice Provisioning Platforms (MSPPs)
 EoS doesn’t support aggregation
 EoS is a port-based service
 Ethernet switch added for aggregation
Eth
Eth
Scalability
• Layer 2 Aggregation
• Statistical Multiplexing
MSPP
MSPP
SONET MSPP
 EoS bandwidth dictated by SONET Container Size
 EoS bandwidth in 50Mbps STS increments
 Other bandwidth increments waste SONET bandwidth
SONET VCG
30Mbps wasted
50Mbps
20Mbps EVC
EoS is an inefficient technology for packet-centric applications
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 19
COE over SONET on Fujitsu FLASHWAVE
Packet Optical Networking Platforms (P-ONP)
 COE supports EVC aggregation
 Aggregates EVCs onto higher speed Ethernet port
Eth
P-ONP
Eth
P-ONP
COE
over
SONET
Scalability
• Layer 2 Aggregation
• Statistical Multiplexing
P-ONP
 COE aggregates EVCs onto same SONET VCG
 Can achieve 100% bandwidth utilization
50Mbps
20Mbps EVC
10Mbps EVC
20Mbps EVC
COE significantly improves BW efficiency over existing SONET network
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 20
Load Sharing over G.8031
EVC
Local
FLASHWAVE CDS
UNI
EVC odd
EVC even
1
Available BW (Mbps)
CIR
PIR
EIR
250
1000
750
Working
Collector
10GE
1
20
FLASHWAVE 9500
UNI
Protect
Collector Ring
Protect
To
Routers
EVC odd
All Odd
EVCs
EVC even
All Even
EVCs
1
Collector
10GE
5
20
Working
 Each of 20 CDS maps two EVC’s diversely over collector ring
 Total of 40 working EVC’s per 10GE collector ring
 20 EVC’s mapped over each path- East & West
 G.8031 allocates reserve BW over Protect path
 Under normal conditions working EVC’s can use EIR and reserve BW
 Peek information rate (PIR) provision up to full rate GE
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21
COE Network and Link Protection
 Link Protection via 802.3ad Link Aggregation
 Protection for UNIs and ENNIs
Reliability / Availability
• 50ms EVC Protection
• UNI & ENNI Protection
 Network Protection via G.8031 Linear Path Protection
 Continuity Check Messages (heartbeats) monitor the path’s health
 If failure occurs, CCMs not received from Working Path
• NE switches to Protect Path
Failure
Protected
UNI or ENNI
Protected
UNI or ENNI
Network protection can be applied over any network topology
March 9, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 22
Connection-Oriented Ethernet Security
Security
 No MAC Address Learning Vulnerabilities
• No Bridging: MAC DoS attacks mitigated
• Completely Layer 2: No IP vulnerabilities
 Immune to MAC Address spoofing of Network Elements (NE)
 Immune to MAC address table overflow DoS attacks in NEs
 No Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Vulnerabilities
 Immune to STP Denial of Service (DoS) attacks
 Doesn’t use IP protocols
 Immune to IP protocol vulnerabilities and attacks
 Uses few Layer 2 protocols
 Fewer protocols = Fewer network security vulnerabilities
COE provides security comparable to SONET networks
March 9, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications
23
COE supports standard Ethernet Link and
Service OAM
Ethernet OAM
ENNI-N
UNI-N
• Link Fault Management
• EVC Fault Management
• Performance Monitoring
ENNI-N
Network
Domain 1
Network
Domain 2
UNI-C
UNI-N
UNI-C
Service
OAM
ITU-T Y.1731 End-to-End Performance Monitoring
IEEE 802.1ag End-to-End Connectivity Fault Management
Link
OAM
IEEE 802.3ah
Link OAM
March 9, 2011
Link OAM
Link OAM
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications
24
COE Resource Reservation
COE can Guarantee Bandwidth like SONET
 SONET: BW guaranteed in 50Mbps increments
 Based on SONET 50 Mbps STS container size
Deterministic QoS
• Lowest Packet Latency and Loss
• Bandwidth Resource Reservation
 With COE, bandwidth guaranteed in 1 Mbps (CIR) increments
 Bandwidth reserved at each NE across network path
• For both Working and Protect Paths for a given EVC
Working Path
EVC
Management System
Protect Path
Bandwidth Reserved End-to-End
CIR bandwidth guaranteed for each Path
Each Path is traffic engineered to achieve QoS Objectives
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 25
High Availability Ethernet Services with COE
Using Fujitsu Multi-level Fault Tolerance Architecture
High Availability Ethernet Service
Service
 Ethernet Service OAM via 802.1ag and Y.1731
Network
 50ms Network Protection via SONET or G.8031
NE Software
Management
Network Element
 In-Service System Software Upgrades
 Working / Protect EMS/NMS Instances
 Protected Power, Switch Fabric, etc.
Card
 Card protection (active/standby or active/active)
Port
 Port protection via Link Aggregation
 Link Aggregation across cards
Making Ethernet services as reliable as SONET-based services
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications
26
Summary
 COE on Packet Optical Networking Platforms facilitates
and accelerates the evolution from SONET to Ethernet
 For Utility Access, Aggregation and Core networks
 COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier
Ethernet
 Addressing the most popular Ethernet WANs applications
 COE provides the Flexibility and Scalability of Ethernet
 With the Performance, Reliability and Security of SONET
May 10, 2011
Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 27
Copyright 2010 FUJITSU LIMITED 28