Critical Infrastructure and
Hyogo Framework for Action
Andrei Iatsenia
Senior Advisor, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(UN/ISDR)
International Conference
Helsinki, 5 October 2007
www.unisdr.org
Overview
I
II
III
Global data and trends on “natural” disasters
Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters
UN ISDR & Hyogo Framework for Action
Critical Infrastructure – the Need for Multi-stakeholder
Engagement
I
Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters
Global Hotspot study (World Bank)
= lowest 40%
= middle 30%
= highest 20%
25 million km sq. and 3.4 billion people are relatively highly
exposed to at least one natural hazard; 105 million people are
relatively highly exposed to three or more hazards.
Economic Losses & Benefits of Disaster Risk
Reduction (prevention and mitigation)
• “Money spent on reducing the risk of
natural hazards is a sound investment.
On average, a $1 investment in hazard
mitigation provides the nation with $4
in future benefits.” - study of the
Multihazard Mitigation Council of the USA,
Dec. 2005, available at:
www.nibs.org/MMC/mmchome.html)
Can sustainable development be achieved without
taking into account the risk of natural hazards?
Short answer: NO!
Invest to prevent, mitigate, and
prepare: Disaster Risk Reduction
is sound investment for
sustainable development
Identification of
hazards/vulnerability; monitoring
and management of risk are
integral to sustainable
development.
Can sustainable development be achieved without
taking into account the risk of natural hazards?
Short answer: NO! (cont’d)
• Risks will always remain,
and if we do not manage
these risks well, they
could lead to disasters.
• Address root-causes of
vulnerability: human,
social, economic,
environmental, scientific,
technical-physical factors
II
The UN ISDR & The Hyogo Framework for Action
Disaster Risk Reduction – An Agenda in Progress
•1989: IDNDR 1990-1999
•1994: Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action
•2000: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(ISDR)
•2002: Johannesburg Plan of Implementation- WSSD
•2005: WCDR - Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
Launched in 2000 by UN General Assembly Resolution
A/54/219 as successor of the International Decade on
Natural Disaster Reduction –IDNDR, 1990-1999
- Secretariat
- System (objective, instrument, vehicle)
Progress in implementation of the HFA
 National level :
-National Platforms for DRR established in 35 countries and 5 UK
territories, 105 countries designated HFA focal points,
 Regional level:
-Regional strategies – Asia (Beijing Plan of Action), Africa (AU/NEPAD),
Europe (Council of Europe), Pacific (Madang Framework)
-- Regional cooperation – ISDR Asia Partnership, collaborative centers,
initiatives of drought (China), seismic risk (Iran), etc.
 International level:
- Engagement of different sectors i.e. environment, education, health
- Engagment of more NGO actors (ActionAid, Care, Tearfund)
- Increased commitment – UN agencies, WB/GFDRR, Regional
Development Banks, EC, Private Sector
III
Critical Infrastructure -the Need for Multi-stakeholder
Engagement
Why is there a need for multi-stakeholder approach
to pre-disaster risk management of critical
infrastructre?
•
•
•
•
Pre versus post disaster risk management
The magnifying effect of global complexity
The increasing frequency of natural disasters
Single stakeholder versus multi-stakeholder activities
“While technological innovation, globalisation, the growing
interdependence of critical networks, and the high
concentration of populations and assets all have their wellrecognised positive effects, they also dramatically increase
vulnerabilities to natural, technological and terrorism
hazards.”
Angel Gurria (OECD Secretary General) September 2006
Example: The risk landscape of
Switzerland
Probability over the
next 25 years
Organised crime
highly probable
30% to 100%
probable
3% to 30%
Integration
ghetto
less probable
0.3% to 3 %
Dependency on
addictive drugs
Shortage of
Information Loss of cultivated land
and species
strategic goods warfare
Greenhouse
Crisis in
Drought/
effect
health system
Water
Loss
of
national
cohesion
heat
wave
shortage
Extremism/
Storm
terrorism
Use of weapons of
mass destruction
Earthquake
Energy shortage
Diseases/ Ageing
Flood
epidemics
Chemical
accident
Dam
collapse
improbable
0.03% to 0.3%
Nuclear
accident
highly improbable
0.003% to 0.03%
minor
Source: Swiss Re, May 2007
Adapted
from:
Risk Profile
Switzerland,
1999
very minor average
major
disastrou devastating
s
Impact on
Switzerland
What is needed? Risk sharing
Size
of loss
Governments
Capital markets
Global
reinsurance
Insurers
Policyholders
Events
minor
medium
Source: Swiss Re, May 2007
large
catastrophic
Why is there a Risk Management Need of the
Public Sector?
• Governments are exposed to a variety of risks
– explicitly
– by default as (re-)insurer of last resort
• Typically, losses are financed post event (emergency funding)
• Most governments are aware of their most prevalent exposures
• Some governments apply a systematic risk management process:
Identification
Assessment
Source: Swiss Re, May 2007
Mitigation
Adaptation
Why should the private sector care about
reducing disaster risk and contribute to the
Hyogo Framework of Action?
* The cost-benefit ratio of disaster
mitigation is 4:1
Building a disaster resilient business will:
- reduce costs
- limit exposures
- maintain operating continuity
- protect employees, property, reputation,
corporate value, and a competitive market
place position.
Way Forward for National Governments
• Establish Multistakeholder National Platforms
• Revise policies and legislation to address DRR
• Integrate risk reduction in Overseas Development
Assistance with certain percentage of humanitarian
assistance going towards reducing the risk from
future disasters
• Develop comprehensive National Plans for DRR
• Start risk reduction dialogues and engage
communities and businesses in public-private
partnerships to reduce shared risks.
"Climate change is expected to cause more severe and
more frequent natural hazards. As our cities and coasts
grow more vulnerable, these hazards can lead to
disasters that are far worse than those we have seen
to date. We have a moral, social and economic
obligation to build resilience by 2015. Implementing the
Hyogo Framework for Action will also help us reach the
Millennium Development Goals."
Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2007