Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
8) The painting above by the Italian artist Agostino Brunias of the “Linen Market” on the island of
Dominca, Caribbean in the mid-eighteenth century supports which of the following conclusions about the
new connections between the Eastern and Western hemispheres?
(A) European elites remained isolated from their subjects in new maritime empires.
(B) Mercantilism was successful in the creation of a tightly controlled trade in luxury goods.
(C) Gender roles were enforced that excluded women from participating in public life.
(D) African, American, and European peoples mixed in the emerging Atlantic cultural system.
Key Concept 4.1.IV.D
Theme 2: Culture
Skills: Interpretation
She will endeavor to reform the administration of justice and to invigorate the laws; but her policies will
be based on Machiavellianism; and I should not be surprised if in this field she rivals the king of Prussia.
She will adopt the prejudices of her entourage regarding the superiority of her power and will endeavor
to win respect not by the sincerity and probity [integrity] of her actions but also by an ostentatious
display of her strength. Haughty as she is, she will stubbornly pursue her undertakings and will rarely
retrace a false step. Cunning and falsity appear to be vices in her character; woe to him who puts too
much trust in her.
~French diplomat writing home about Catherine the Great, 18th Century
9) The tone of the diplomat’s letter is:
(A) Scornful
(B) Admiring
(C) Warning
(D) Threatening
KC: 4.3.I Theme: State-Building Expansion and Conflict Skill: Historical Interpretation
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
World Population (in millions)
YEAR
ASIA
EUROPE
Russia
AFRICA
AMERICAS
World
1400
201
52
13
68
46
382
1500
245
67
17
87
57.5
476.5
1600
338
89
22
113
13
578
1700
433
95
30
107
12
680
1750
500
111
35
104
18
771
Use the chart above to answer questions 1 through 3.
1) Which of the following was most responsible for the greatest demographic change on the chart above?
(A) New World foods like corn and cassava
(B) Diseases like smallpox
(C) Warfare between empires
(D) Long distance migration
2) From 1600 to 1750, the main reason for the population change in Africa was due to:
(A) the introduction of New World foods such as cassava (manioc)
(B) warfare between rival kingdoms
(C) the trans-Atlantic slave trade
(D) decline in trans-Saharan trade
3) When looking at the total world population from 1400-1750, which of the following was most
responsible for the change?
(A) The Columbian Exchange.
(B) A general time of peace and no major wars.
(C) Better global sanitation and clean water.
(D) Major increase in trade along the Silk Road.
"In the city of Manila on the Island of Luzon, Head of the Philippines, shall reside another
Royal Audience and Chancellery of ours, with a president, who shall be governor and captain
general…and the other necessary ministers and officials; and which shall have control over
said Island of Luzon, the rest of the Philippines, the Archipelago of China, its Mainland,
discovered and to be discovered (in the future).”
--Laws of the Philippines, in Laws of the Kingdom of Spain in the Indies, 1680 C.E.
4) These laws would be most useful for a historian in their study of the Spanish empires’:
(A) regulation of the labor systems on their colonies.
(B) methods of political administration in their colonies.
(C) imposition of Catholicism on their colonial subjects.
(D) control over the economic activities of colonial merchants.
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
5) Based on these laws, what would be the BEST inference a historian could make about the way that Spain
dealt with its colonies in Asia in the centuries after these laws were passed?
(A) Spain probably would allow Filipinos to develop their own democratic system of government.
(B) Power in the colonial government would be gradually transferred to religious authorities.
C) These laws would have been a direct cause of the Spanish-American War of 1898.
D) The Spanish King was consolidating power as part of a larger plan to expand the empire.
Source A:
“326,733 ½ lb. (pounds) of Malacca pepper; 52 chests of Korean and Japanese
porcelain; 660 lb. of Japanese copper; 241 pieces of fine Japanese lacquer work; 603
bales of Persian silks; 1,155 lb. of raw Chinese silk; 199,800 lb. of unrefined sugar.”
--Dutch East India Company, Amsterdam Customs Manifest, June 27, 1634
Source B:
“For never any country traded so much and consumed so little; They are the great
masters of Asian spices and of the Persian silks; but wear plain woolens, and feed
upon their own fish and roots…in short, they furnish infinite luxury, which they never
practice, and traffic in pleasures which they never taste.”
-- Sir William Temple, On Trade of the Dutch Republic, 1670
6) Based on both of the above sources, what would be the best inference a historian could make about the way
the Dutch East India Company changed the Netherlands over time?
A) The Netherlands came to view the people of Asia as their social equals.
(B) The Dutch grew richer because of a positive balance of trade with Asian markets.
(C) The Dutch King gradually assumed total control over the government of the Netherlands.
D) The religion of the Netherlands became more accepting of foreign belief systems.
Key Concept 4.3 IIC
Theme 4: Economy
Skill: Synthesis
7) The engraving at left by the
European artist Jan Collaert the
Younger from 1599 best
exemplifies which of the
following historical processes?
(A)
Conflicts between
religious and secular authorities
during the Scientific Revolution.
(B)
European
cartographic and navigation
technologies that made transoceanic
travel possible.
(C)
Renaissance
artists’ interest in classical Greek
and Roman mythological
subjects.
(D)
Impacts of the
Columbian exchange between the
Americas and Europe.
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
“The Imperial Ming Dynasty unifying seas and continents, surpassing the three dynasties
even goes beyond the Han and Tang dynasties. The countries beyond the horizon and from the
ends of the earth have all become subjects and to the most western of the western or the most
northern of the northern countries, however far they may be, the distance and the routes may
be calculated. Thus the barbarians from beyond the seas, though their countries are truly
distant have come to audience bearing precious objects and presents. The Emperor, approving
of their loyalty and sincerity, has ordered us, Zheng He, and others at the head of several tens
of thousands of officers and flag-troops to ascend more than one hundred large ships to go
and confer presents on them in order to make manifest the transforming power of the
imperial virtue and to treat distant people with kindness.”
--Inscription on the Temple of the Celestial Goddess in Fujian, China, 1431
10) The temple inscription supports a conclusion that the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He:
(A) to seek converts to Chinese religion.
(B) to gain gold and treasure from foreign lands.
(C) to enhance the prestige of the Chinese state.
(D) to make alliances to defend against foreign enemies.
Key Concept 4.1 IIIA
Theme 3: State Building
Skill: Historical Interpretation
“Bessabez (the Penobscot tribal chief) said we could dwell in their land, in order that they might in future
more than ever before engage in hunting beavers, and give us a part of them in return for our providing
them with things which they wanted. After he had finished his discourse, I presented the savages with
iron hatchets, paternosters (a type of bead used in Catholic prayers), caps, knives, and other little knickknacks. All the rest of the day and the following night, we did nothing but dance, sing and make merry.
After which we traded for a certain number of beaver skins at profitable exchange.”
--Samuel de Champlain, French explorer, Memoirs, Book II, Chapter V, 1604
11) All of the following consequences of the fur trade could be supported by the above source EXCEPT:
(A) Native Americans became dependent on European goods, displacing their native crafts.
(B) French merchants took an active interest in the conversion of Native Americans to
Catholicism.
(C) New technologies and consumer goods were introduced to the participants in the fur trade.
(D) The fur trade greatly enriched the nation of France enabling further expansion in the
Americas.
Key Concept 4.3 IIC
Theme 4: Economy
Skill: Synthesis
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
“The entire country will soon be in the hands of your master, Lord Ieyasu. If this is so, the men who
served him will no doubt hope to become daimyo by his appointment. You should know that if such
feelings arise, they are inevitably the beginning of the end of one's fortunes in the Way of the Warrior.
Being affected by the avarice for office and rank, or wanting to become a daimyo and being eager for such
things ... will not one then begin to value his life? And how can a man commit acts of martial valor if he
values his life? A man who has been born into the house of a warrior and yet places no loyalty in his heart
and thinks only of the fortune of his position will be flattering on the surface and construct schemes in his
heart, will forsake righteousness and not reflect on his shame, and will stain the
warrior's name of his household to later generations. This is truly regrettable.”
–Torii Mototada (1539–1600)
“Because of some business, Morooka Hikoemon was called upon to swear before the gods…concerning
the truth of a certain matter. But he said, ‘A samurai's word is harder than metal. Since I have impressed
this fact upon myself, what more can the gods and Buddhas do?’ and the swearing was cancelled. It is bad
when one thing becomes two. One should not look for anything else in the Way of the Samurai. It is the
same for anything that is called a Way. Therefore, it is inconsistent to hear something of the Way of
Confucius or the Way of the Buddha, and say that this is the Way of the Samurai. If one understands
things in this manner, he should be able to hear about all says and be more and more in accord with his
own. A person who is said to be proficient at the arts is like a fool. Because of his foolishness in
concerning himself with just one thing, he thinks of nothing else and thus becomes proficient. He is a
worthless person.
–Tsunetomo Yamamoto (1659–1719)
25) Comparing the two passages about the samurai shows that:
(A) The position of samurai improved during the Tokugawa rule of Shogun Japan (1603-1867).
(B) The position of samurai declined during the Tokugawa rule of Shogun Japan (1603-1867).
(C) The rule of Tokugawa Iyasu was better for the daimyo.
(D) The rule of Yamamoto was better for the daimyo.
26) The cartoon at left is most likely a(n):
(A) commentary on the antiMuslim feelings sweeping through Europe.
(B) reaction to Peter Romanov’s
forcible efforts to westernize Russia.
(C) symbolic depiction of
England’s defeat of the Spanish Armada and King
Philip II.
(D) example of Peter the Great’s
acceptance of the Orthodox Church rule
regulating the length of beards.
Key Concept 4.1 IIB
Theme 3: State Building
Skill: Historical Interpretation
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
12) “The Siege of Constantinople”
fresco painted in 1537 at the Voronet
Monastery in Romania most
accurately illustrates which of the
following reasons for the expansion of
the Ottoman Empire?
(A) The devshirme system that
brought non-Muslims into the army.
(B) The adaptive use of gunpowder
acquired from East Asia.
(C) The control of trade routes and
heavy taxation of luxury goods.
(D) The use of religious ideas to
legitimize Ottoman rule in Christian
lands.
Key Concepts 4.3.II.B
Theme 1/3: Interaction/Political
Skill: Interpretation
Source A: “…ascertaining the truth, which is the noblest aim of the human intellect. Therefore
we associate at convenient seasons with learned men of all religions, thus deriving profit from
their exquisite discourses and exalted aspirations.”
--Mughal Emperor Akbar, letter to Spanish Emperor Philip II, 1582
Source B: “His Majesty, eager to establish Islam, issued orders to the governors of all the
provinces to demolish the schools and temples of the infidels, and, with the utmost urgency,
put down the teaching and the public practice of the religion of these unbelievers.”
-- Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, Temples Edict, April 9, 1669
13) Based on these two sources, a historian could conclude that the Mughal Empire by the midseventeenth century had:
(A) fostered tolerance between the religions of South Asia.
(B) cut off trade with foreign merchant empires.
(C) forced strict Islamic sharia law on non-Muslims.
(D) accepted Hinduism as the official state religion.
Key Concept 4.3 IIB
Theme 2: Culture
Skill: Chronology/CCOT
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
Peterhof, St. Petersburg
Taj Mahal
Palace of Versailles
14) All three buildings pictured above can BEST be used as example of:
(A) the love of subjects for their rulers.
(B) the use of technology to overcome geographic barriers.
(C) the use of monumental architecture to honor the dead.
(D) monumental architecture that demonstrated wealth and power.
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
Most High and Mighty Sovereigns,
In the first place, as regards the Island of Espanola: Inasmuch as the number of colonists who desire
to go thither amounts to two thousand, owing to the land being safer and better for farming and
trading, and because it will serve as a place to which they can return and from which they can carry
on trade with the neighboring islands:
1. That in the said island there shall be founded three or four towns, situated in the most convenient
places. . .
2. That for the better and more speedy colonization of the said island, no one shall have liberty to
collect gold in it except those who have taken out colonists' papers...
4.That there shall be a church, and parish priests or friars to administer the sacraments, to perform
divine worship, and for the conversion of the Indians.
5. That none of the colonists shall go to seek gold without a license from the governor… of the town
where he lives; and that he must first take oath to return to the place whence he sets out, for the
purpose of registering faithfully all the gold he may have found. . . to render account and show the
quantity of said gold…
6. That all the gold thus brought in shall be smelted immediately, and stamped with some mark that
shall distinguish each town; and that the portion which belongs to your Highnesses shall be weighed,
and given and consigned to each governor in his own town. . . so that it shall not pass through the
hands of only one person. . . and there shall he no opportunity to conceal the truth.
7. That all gold that may be found without the mark of one of the said towns in the possession of any
one who has once registered in accordance with the above order shall be taken as forfeited, and that
the accuser shall have one portion of it and your Highnesses the other…
Columbus’ Letter to the King and Queen of Spain, 1494
15) The passage from Columbus above suggests which of the following?
(A)The Spanish were interested in acquiring as much land as possible in the new world.
(B) The Spanish were interested in the new world for its bullion.
(C) The Spanish were interested in the new world as a place to spread Catholicism.
(D) The Spanish were interested in the new world as a place to engage in the slave trade.
Key Concept 4.3.II.C Theme: Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
This road, known as the Tokaido , is the busiest thoroughfare in all of Japan. It is used not only by
merchants and local villagers, but also by many pilgrims making the long trip from their homes in Edo to
the most important temples and shrines in western Japan…The Shogun -- the military leader who rules
Japan -- does his best to ensure that free travel is maintained throughout the country. However, although
even the poorest peasant is allowed to travel about the country freely, all of the main roads in and out of
Edo are guarded by seki (barriers), where guards stop all travelers to search for troublemakers and check
everyone for weapons…All travelers who pass through a seki are stopped and questioned in detail by the
commander of the guards. This way, the guards are able to collect a great deal of information which helps
the government maintain its firm control over the country…The guards at the seki carefully check people
for swords or other weapons. The only people who are allowed to enter Edo with weapons are samurai
and a few others who have special permission to wear a sword…
Adapted from the writings of Furukawa Kosho, 1750s.
16) The image and passage above about the seki indicate that:
(A) The lives of Japanese subjects under Tokugawa were characterized by strict rules.
(B) Tokugawa had little control over his subjects, requiring the use of force to make them comply.
(C) There was a strict class system imposed by the Shogun, seen in different rules for different
classes, even including sumptuary laws.
(D) The role of the samurai began to lose importance in Tokugawa Japan leading to increased
lawlessness and chaos.
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
17) The map of Africa above best explains which of the following developments in African history?
(A) The migration of Bantu-speaking peoples
(B) The diffusion of culture throughout Dar al Islam
(C) The emergence and growth of West African kingdoms
(D) The growth of coerced labor through chattel slavery
Key Concepts 4.2.D
Theme 4: Economy
Skills: Chronology/Contextualization
18) The image at right of a Brazilian sugar plantation BEST exemplifies which of the following trends in
colonization?
(A) An ever increasing reliance on coerced labor
for cash crop production and mining.
(B) Intensive attempts by the Catholic Church to
convert large numbers of natives in Latin America.
(C) The presence of strong indigenous leaders
who worked with Europeans to establish colonies.
(D) A dependence on the trans-Atlantic trading
system to provide basic needs for the plantations.
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
"If there chanced to be in those lands some population of Christians, or some havens, into which it would
be possible to sail without peril, many kinds of merchandise might be brought to this realm, which would
find a ready market, and reasonably so, because no other people of these parts traded with them, nor yet
people of any other that were known; and also the products of this realm might be taken there, which
traffic would bring great profit to our countrymen."
Source: Gomes Eannes de Azurara, discussing Prince Henry of Portugal's motives for exploration, 1453.
19) According to the above passage, the Portuguese sponsored expeditions to Africa to:
(A) gain direct control over the trans-Saharan trade routes.
(B) acquire gold and slaves and establish a market for Portuguese good.
(C) establish plantation based economies in Northern Africa.
(D) end the inhumane policies of the African slave trade.
Source: Vow of Endorsement, written by several Japanese gentlemen during the Tokugawa Shogunate,
1645.
“We have been Kirishitans [Christians] for many years. But the more we learn of the Kirishitan doctrines the
greater becomes our conviction that they are evil.
We hereby present a statement in writing to you, worshipful Magistrate, as a testimony. Hereafter we shall not
harbor any thought of the Kirishitan in our heart. […] If any falsehood be noted in our declaration now or in the
future, we shall be subject to divine punishment by Bonten, Taishaku, the four deva kings, the great or little gods in
all the sixty or more provinces of Japan, especially our own family gods.”
20) The authors likely reference the “four deva kings” and “family gods” because:
(A) They fear they will burn in hell for what they have done
(B) They know that the Magistrate will punish them if the gods do not
(C) The gods will identify the Christians in the various provinces of Japan
(D) They wish to emphasize that they have returned to more acceptable forms of worship
KC: 4.3.I.C Theme: Development and Interaction of Cultures, State-Building Expansion and Conflict Skill: Historical Interpretation
21) In the above passage, the authors most likely are giving testimony because:
(A) They have family members in court that they are defending
(B) The Japanese government has cracked down on foreign influences in Japan
(C) Christian priests have been convicted of crimes against Japanese citizens
(D) They wish to prove to the Buddha that they are ready to receive enlightenment
KC: 4.3.I.C, 4.1.VI.B,C
Theme: Development and Interaction of Cultures, State-Building Expansion and Conflict
Skill: Historical Interpretation
22) Which of the following would be the MOST useful source of evidence for research about profits of
Portuguese and British slave traders in the period 1600-1800?
(A) Portuguese and British tax records.
(B) Narratives of saves transported to the Americas.
(C) European slave traders’ account books.
(D) Journals of African slave traders.
KC:4.1IV.D
Theme 4: Creation, Expansion, & Interaction of Economic
Systems
Skill: Use of evidence
Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 CE
Source: Ogier Chiselin be Busbecq, Ambassador from the Holy Roman Empire to the
Ottoman Sultan, in a letter to the government of the Holy Roman Empire, 1555.
“It is the patience, self-denial and thrift of the Turkish soldier that enable him to face the most trying
circumstances and come safely out of the dangers that surround him. What a contrast to our men!
Christian soldiers on a campaign refuse to put up with their ordinary food and call for thrushes […] and
suchlike dainty dishes! […] It makes me shudder to think of what the result of a struggle between such
different systems must be; one of us must prevail and the other be destroyed, at any rate we cannot both
exist in safety.”
23) The author of the above passage is writing for the purpose of:
(A) Promoting the greatness of his own nation
(B) Warning his home country about a foreign nation
(C) Advocating greater funds be allocated to feeding the Holy Roman Empire’s army
(D) Rallying his own government to go to war
KC: 4.3.I.D, 4.3.II.B Theme: Development and Interaction of Cultures, State-Building Expansion and Conflict
24) The painting at right by Mexican artist
Sebastian Salcedo entitled Virgin of Guadalupe
is an example of which of the following religious
developments of the period between 1450 and
1750?
(A) Cultural diffusion of new forms of
Christianity after the Protestant Reformation.
(B) Syncretic religions which emerged in the
maritime empires of Europe.
(C) Iconoclastic destruction of idols amongst
native peoples in the Americas.
(D) Resistance by traditional religious authorities
against new scientific discoveries.
Key Concept: 4.1.VI.D
Theme 2: Culture
Skill: Interpretation
Skill: Historical
Interpretation