TSDSI-M2M-TR-UCD_Automobile, Transportation & Logistics-V0.1.0-20150322
Technical Report
Machine-to-Machine Communication (M2M)
Study on Indian Use Cases
Automobile, Transportation & Logistics Vertical
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Intelligent transport system - India
1.1 Introduction
Indian transport industry has seen an exponential growth in last decade, currently, it is estimated
that India is home to more than 100 million vehicles, which is also a cause of some major
challenges which India is facing,
According to a recent studies India faces a loss of ₹ 600bn ($10.8bn) a year due to congestion,
slow speed of freight and waiting time at toll plazas, an Average Indian spends about 90 mins a
day traveling in major cities, with an average speed of 5km/hr on some major roads. In India
around 5 lacks road accidents happen, causing a loss of around $20 billion, getting 6 lacks people
injured and 1.5 lacks getting killed. Every year, nearly 36,000 vehicles are stolen, which amount
to ₹ 115 crore with only about 14,500 getting traced, often in un-roadworthy conditions, with
many components missing.
With limitation of growing infrastructure there is a strong need to depend on technology
(IoT/M2M) to address these challenges by enhancing road Safety to commuters and driver,
provide convenience and safety to use public transport, integrating Para transit and mass transit
modes, Optimizing emergency Services reducing time to respond, regulate driving behavior
reducing accidents. Manage city traffic optimize route reducing commutation time. Monitor and
reduce in traffic violation by including online challans, enhance productivity and operations,
provide in vehicle entertainment, Automate Toll collection reduce waiting time, control pollution
caused by vehicles.
M2M enabled transportation system include telematics and all types of communications in
vehicles, between vehicle and citizens/Authorities (car to application), between vehicles (e.g.
car-to-car), and between vehicles and fixed locations (e.g. car-to-infrastructure).
Major benefits
Below are benefits which can be realized by using M2M/IoT technologies in transportation
system.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Make earth a better place to live.
Increase national GDP.
Reduce delay caused by traffic and toll collection,
Reduce road accidents and save lives.
Control pollution.
Reduce crime; make travel safe, secure and convenient.
Improve efficiency.
And create jobs.
Ecosystem: Environmental factors
The ecological dissimilarity of India makes the challenges and requirements unique, and
interesting to resolve.
Exponential
increase in
private cars
and first time
drivers.
Growing use of
software in
vehicles to
control
complex
electronics
exploring
possibilities for
enhancing Public
security and
Environmental
Factors
Severe traffic
congestion and
poor quality
roads of India
Wide spread
coverage of
telecom
service
providers.
1.1.1
Government &
Regulatory bodies
Increasing
complexities of
Driving :
Performance
maintenance, theft,
Navigation,
Fast adoption
of technology,
gadgets and
increasing
disposable
income.
Companies
getting active
for employee
safety and
managing their
commutation
Logistics and
fleet
management
companies
looking for
optimizing the
Vehicle market
in India is
dominated by
entry level cars
with basic
features.
Objective
The objective of the Study would be to leverage sensor ecosystem, communication modules,
network channel, real-time processing, Big data, cloud computing and

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
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Optimize emergency Services and save lives
Reduce congestion roads and generate revenue.
Provide Road Safety to commuters and driver.
Monitor and regulate driving behavior.
Manage traffic optimize route.
Enhancing convenience to use public transport, connecting para and mass transit modes.
Personal Car Monitoring and management.

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Leverage Smart Phone ecosystem.
Enable vehicle manufactures to provide VAS to consumers
Create Vehicle to Vehicle, vehicle to Infrastructure communications system
Monitor and reduce traffic violation.
Enable parking assistance and road tolling.
Managing fleet operations
The purpose of the study would be to understand technical requirements of various use cases
appropriate for Indian geography




1.1.2
Identify commonalities among use cases.
Derive generic architecture, considering requirements of all use cases.
Create economies of scale.
Ensure sustainability, scalability and interoperability.
Broad Overview of Intelligent Transport System (IS)
ITS enables elements within the transport system such as commuters, vehicles, roads, traffic
lights, message signs to become intelligent by embedding them with microchips and sensors and
empowering them to communicate with each other through wireless technologies



People: Commuters + Planners (Through “Smart Phone or computers”)
Vehicle: Personal + Public vehicles (through after market or embedded device)
Transport Infrastructure: Petrol Pumps + Bus stands + Traffic signals + Digital Signage’s
+ Cameras + and even Street lights.
People
ITS
Vehicle
Infrastructure
Broad Overview of ITS
Layers of Intelligent transport system
Users
Application Cloud : Is the location based
Application Cloud, responsible for processing
the information collected by devices, and
presenting it to user as Web interface &
Device Portal. The automotive applications
will be owned and managed by ISVs or Telcos.
Application/
presentation layer
M2M Platform/ Integration : M2M Core
Platform is part of telecommunication service
providers network, responsible for interfacing
with edge module, application Cloud and
other telecom network and IT (OSS/BSS/CRM)
modules, for aggregating data and manage
M2M services capabilities.
M2M Core layer
Communication network: M2M module
leverage the existing widespread telecom
network as bearer channel to exchange the
information with M2M Core platform. The
bearer channel is owned and operated by
telecommunication service provider. And can
use communication technologies, like GSM,
CDMA, WIFI DSRC etc.
Communication layer
Device Domain: Is the client end
module/device usually embedded or installed
in vehicle and transport infrastructure (Traffic
Signals, Pump, Stand etc) responsible for
collecting and
transmitting,
required
information
and
receiving
actuating
commands. Owned by Device, Module and
Vehicle manufactures.
•
Public
Security
• Fleet
manage
ment
• Personal
Car
tracking
• CAB
manage
ment
M2M Service
Capabilities
GSM CDMA 3G
Wifi , DSRC
M2M Instrumentation
layer
Vehicles, with
communication module
ITS Infrastructure
LAYERS
User : Is the legal entity who is in contract
with Telecom Operator for M2M Automotive
services, the user is the end beneficiary of
the technology, usually Private Vehicle
Owner, Enterprise
and Governments
departments.
1.1.3
Verticals of connected Cars
1. After market Device :
a. Non OBD :
Comprises of a Non OBD M2M module with GPS sensor, RFID reader and
Surveillance camera externally fitted into the vehicle. The device will have both
Short and long range wireless connectivity. As Indian market is dominated by
entry level vehicles, this solution will cater to the immediate demand of track and
trace requirement in Indian market. Vehicles should have STD way to connect the
device without warranty getting void
b. OBD-II:
This vertical will cater to the premium vehicles segment complaint to OBDII
Standards. The solution will provide remote diagnostic and performance features
over and above the basic Track and Trace Solution.
2. Embedded
The solution is for new Vehicles embedded with factory fitted M2M module. Driven by
vehicle manufactures a robust solution which will cater to all connected vehicles use
cases.
1.1.3.1 Basic components of connected car


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Sensors & accessories: GPS module fuel sensors, temperature sensors, door sensors, IP
cameras, RFID/Smart card reader, accelerometer, display, speakers, panic button and
relay to control the ignition.
Wireless Communication module : Short range : vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to
infrastructure (DSRC, Blue tooth, Wifi, vehicular radar)
Long range : GSM/CDMA/3G/Satellite
SIM: The normal SIM card is not designed for harsh conditions (Vibrations, temperature,
humidity etc.) of the vehicles. GSMA has already created specifications for embedded
M2M SIM which can be remotely provisioned over the air (OTA) that are hermetically
sealed or installed in hazardous or remote locations. It can withstand temperature
variation from -40 degree to +105 degree Celsius (preferably automotive grade
temperature range (-40 degree to +125 degree)). Embedded SIM technology offers big
opportunities for auto manufacturers as the lifecycle of eSIM is 10-15 years. The SIM
should comply with the standards AEC-Q100 automotive standards, eUICC GSMA
specification v2.0 and ETSI 102671 standards to match with the world wide standards.
The eSIM should allow to have the possibility of Roaming services. Therefore the SIM
should provide sufficient memory space to provision the initial MNO profiles and receive
Over The Air additional profiles during the entire product life cycle. SIM should provide
Hardware Cryptography like EDES+, AES, RSA and ECC to ensure secure
communication. Sensitive information such as keys and other private information are
stored in the SIM to ensure data integrity and encryption. The SIM should be based on a
secure chip certified EAL5+ according to Common Criteria Security Evaluation. The
package of the SIM should be such that it can be soldered on the PCB to avoid loose
connection

1.1.4
Micro controller, other computing/data storage hardware components and power
management components.
Public/Mass Transport System in India
1.1.4.1 Trains/Railways Transport System
Just the way, road infrastructure and road transport has grown heavily in past 1-2 decades,
Railways, both in commercial transport or public transport segment have grown tremendously,
within cities as monorails, or metro railways or long distance railways. With increasing speed of
trains, risk of traveling has also gone higher and therefore, monitoring of railway infrastructure,
proactive maintenance are lot more relevant today than they were a decade before.
In addition to this, a more comprehensive passenger information system has evolved in past one
decade. CRIS has developed the online ticketing system for IRCTC and we have noticed a
remarkable shift in booking tickets from windows to internet and paperless travel in last one
decade. Today predictive waiting list, premium trains, premium tatkal in regular train, SMS
confirmation, reporting of issues through SMS or a direct call etc as the evolution and internet
has played a major role in this evolution.
Proactive maintenance of engines, through remote data collection about the health of an engine
using data-loggers, unmanned railway level crossings, railway bridge maintenance,
measurements of wheel load impact, vibrations and cracks monitoring, passenger information
system (especially in case of emergency), surveillance through CCTV cameras, railyard
management network (wifi) access in trains, Train identification systems, emergency response
system and many more such M2M/IoT systems are already in place and working in various parts
of the world.
Adopting an M2M solution over 3G offers a fast, economic alternative to cabled systems.
Bridging lines wirelessly can cost as little as 25% of a cabled approach, with minimal
interruption to services or passengers during the installation process. In addition, a wireless link
over 3G, unlike cable, is less vulnerable to tampering, damage, or theft, and can be easily moved
or repositioned if an installation is required temporarily. [3]
Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) is using M2M innovations on 3,039 km of lines across its
network and is expected to make cost savings of up to 15% from more efficient technologies by
2017-2018. [2]
1.1.4.2 City Transport System
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), metro rails and mono rails are being built in different cities to
encourage the use of public transport.
Major reason for non-adoption of Mass Transit System over private transport, remains
the unorganized Last mile transport or Intermediate Public Transport.
1.1.4.3 Intermediate Public Transport
In Indian Public transport Scenario the last mile remains a challenge to the commuters
due to below major reasons
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Accessibility at last mile
Security
Convenience and comfort
High Journey time
Not integrated with Mass transit system
Deregulated expense (Approx 40% of total travel cost)
Private
Vehicle
Company Owned
BPO Taxis/Buses
7
Radi
o
Emergency Service
Ambulances, Fire brigades
and PCR VANs.
Municipality /Utility
Vehicles
Fig. Types of Vehicle on Indian Roads.
Scho
ol
Commercial
Logistics vehicles
Fig. A Typical Indian Road Scenario
Other other
Motor 4%
PedestriansVehicles
Bicycles 9%
13%
5%
TwoWheelers
26%
Bus
8%
AutoRickshaws5%
trucks
Car, Taxis,
13%
Vans and
Other Light
and
Medium
Motor
Vehicles
17%
Fig. Types of vehicles on a busy day of an Indian City (Source:
https://data.gov.in/catalog/stateut-wise-number-persons-killed-road-accidents-termsroad-user-categories#web_catalog_tabs_block_10)
Fig. Road Fatalities in terms of Road User Categories (Source:
http://www.rtirn.net/docs/Risk%20Factors%20for%20Pedestrian%20Injuries%20in%20India%
20and%20South%20East%20Asian%20Countries-%20Dr.%20Gururaj.pdf)
1.1.5
ITS Taxonomy
The most commonly used classification of ITS is based on the positioning of the system
as given below.
 Vehicle level
Technologies deployed with in vehicle, including sensors, information processor,
display to provide information to driver and commuters.

Infrastructure level
Sensors on and by side of roads collect important traffic related data and
communicates with vehicles.
o Road side beacons
o Traffic signals
o Toll collections centres
o Petrol pumps and charging centres (for electric vehicles)
o Digital signages

Corporative level
Communication between vehicles and between infrastructure and vehicle.
1.2 Intelligent Transport System - Use cases
Municipality
Transport
Infrastructure
Traffic
Planners
ITS Use
cases
Car Dealer
and Service
Commuter
Vehicle
OEMs
1.2.1
Logictics &
Fleet
Managers
Municipality
1.2.1.1 Public safety
This is a very important use case category which will enhance the public security and emergency
management system in India. M2M technology will enable police emergency VAN to respond to
Citizens panic calls efficiently and will reduce the time to react. The framework can enable
officials to manage and monitor the incident remotely.
Typical Call Flow
1. Citizen calls emergency 101 (Emergency Control Room) from incident location.
2. Control room Application interacts with ITS platform to report the incident with Mobile
number of the caller.
3. ITS platform sends the location query request to operators GMLC.
4. GMLC uses network based ECID technology to locate the callers Location.
5. Identify the closest Fire Brigade and Ambulance to the Incident Location.
6. Send to the incident location
Emergency Control Room
2
3
1
Operator Core network
4
5
Citizen
Incident Location
Nearest patrolling
and Ambulance
1.2.1.2 Utilities vehicle management
This is related to monitoring and managing the utility vehicles of municipalities like,
garbage Trucks, Motor Sweepers, Compactors, Tippers, Dumper Placers, water tankers
etc. he system can help us to track movement, create schedules, plan daily route, receive
alerts. This system will have all basic features of VTS for fleet management. Additional
RFID Reader will be used to identify the Waste Collection Bins / Area Water Tanks or
water facility etc.
1.2.1.3 Emergency Response System
In cases of emergency situations Police or Para Military forces or even in worst situation
Armed Forces need to take charge. Fire Brigade and lifeguards also take charge in certain
conditions. Coordination of the Teams and Fleet management is very vital to handle such
situations. Such a system has to be trustworthy, and should not dependent on Public
communication channels alone. Moreover, it should be able to use GSM, CDMA,
Satellite, or any other dedicated channel for critical communications.
1.2.1.4 Waste collection management
This deals with optimizing the waste collection management by connecting utilities
vehicles with VTS device, by geo tagging the waste bins and by using RFIDs and other
sensors. The overall waste collection system components will include.[5]
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
Garbage truck tracking
Time prediction and route designing
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Communication with vehicle
Worker tracking
Bin tracking and weighing
Real time data transmission
Control center requirements.
1.2.1.5 Ambulance
There are three aspects of Ambulance Fleet Management,
a) To locate the nearest ambulance when any patient requisitions for it. For this purpose
basic fleet management features of VTS may be sufficient.
b) Secondly, the hospital gets an alert when the Ambulance reaches certain distance from
the respective Hospital. This time can be utilized by the hospital to get ready to receive
the patient. This will include the arrangements for stretcher, wheel chair and/or the paramedical staff at the hospital. . This can be done by utilizing Geo Fencing feature which is
part of the basic feature of VTS.
c) Third and the most vital requirement is that the treatment of the patient should start
immediately on his arrival at the hospital.If possible treatment or possible preventive
measures can be started in the ambulance itself.
Normally, when patient reaches hospital some time is sonsumed in registration process,
getting personal details and details of the problem, allergies, medical history of the
patient and in some case of his family also. Patient’s vital data covering Blood Pressure,
pulse rate, glucose level etc. depending on the medical problem is also required to be
observed and noted. All these activities if completed in the ambulance itself, while the
patient is being moved to the hospital, can save the precious initial time. This can be
achieved by making the ambulance equipped with the tele-treatment facilities, Equipping
the ambulance with the lap top, camera, video / communication means (3G/LTE etc),
making available medical instruments for Blood Pressure measurement, pulse rate
measurement, ecg machine etc. and trained para medical staff to use these equipment and
for completing the registration process and initial information recording. The
telemedicine set up will get this information simultaneously conveyed to the hospital
system and getting the expert advice for giving any required first aid.
1.2.1.6 Pollution under Control check Automation
Government wants to enforce control on vehicle emission levels by the owners by
mandating that fuel dispensing stations will not be allowed to supply fuel to vehicles not
carrying valid PUC certificates.
This use case describes an automated process for PUC testing completely eliminating
human element (to prevent fraud certificates). PUC Certificate will be electronically
readable (example QR code of vehicle registration no. + PUC certificate validity date).
Fuel stations should "validate" the electronic PUC certificate through a machine (RFID
reader or QR code reader) before dispensing fuel. The validation result should be printed
on the fuel bill and also in the fuel station records (as evidence of PUC validation).
1.2.1.7 Railway Track Maintenance
The M2M module is integrated with rugged sensors embedded in and around train tracks
to collect a variety of critical events and measurements such as heat, warpage, vibration,
cracks and other hazards. The modules send data from sensors back to the railway
operators’ back-end system where approved technicians and engineers can respond in
real time when critical thresholds are met. Trains are rerouted to avoid derailments and
response teams are sent out to the field to take preventive actions to avoid damage to the
rails. [1]
Union Pacific Railroad in US has set up a perfect example of using M2M/IoT through
installations of sensors in wheels, rails, switches, bearings, and other equipments, via one
of the available communication system. These devices connect to a local mother device
and from there onwards they are connected to the cloud/server through a gateway device
[6].
The history records are maintained and compared for vibrations, heating and other
parameters with respect to the permissible limits. In case if the yellow threshold is
crossed, an automated alarm can be generated for the concerned authority/person. In case
of Red Alarm or highest priority interrupts, corresponding alarms are sent and
local/control center’s based actions can be taken.
1.2.1.8 Unmanned railway crossing
There has been an increase in the road traffic as well as the rail traffic, accidents at level
crossing has increased and this has caused the concern for the Indian Railways. Number
of accidents in the unmanned railway level crossing is much higher than the manned level
crossing as some there is no supervision of crossing is available[4][5]. A simple
zigbee/6lowpan based solution may trigger the gate at the crossing or the site can be
remotely connected through cellular modem and can be controlled via monitoring center.
There are different types of versions available for this.
1.2.1.9 Diesel Engine remote monitoring and preventive maintenance
Diesel engines are still used in India in non-electrified corridors. Some of the parameters
that need to be logged and monitored are, exhaust back pressure, exhaust gas
temperature, engine RPM, engine load, throttle position, fuel consumption and other
operating data. Regular monitoring of these parameters is important for driver as well as
for maintenance department to provide proactive maintenance before the engine may
breakdown. It may provide a significant cost savings in the maintenance and repair of
Diesel engines as only the engines which are likely to have an issue, may be called for
maintenance instead of regular scheduled maintenance. Proactive maintenance may
reduce the cost as well as lives of passenger, if the maintenance is provided before any
breakdown on track.
1.2.2
Traffic Planners
1.2.2.1 Advanced traffic management system(ATMS).
ATMS integrates various subsystem (CCTV, GPS data, vehicle detection, messaging,
digital signage etc) into a coherent single interface that provides real time data on traffic
status and predicts traffic congestions for more efficient planning and operations.
Dynamic traffic control systems, freeway operations management system, incident
response systems, etc. respond in real time to changing conditions.
1.2.2.2 Over Speed Monitoring
This use case is about using Electronic Vehicle Speed Display Units as Vehicle
infrastructure units. These units have to be programmed with speed limits by Central
Traffic management system based on the type of road, location of Road and traffic
condition.
Infrastructure unit to determine traffic condition based on density of vehicles on road and
pass on the density information to Central Traffic management system to determine the
speed limit to be configured for that display board.
Vehicle to read the speed information from such Display Boards using V2I
communication and Alert the driver when he/she is over speeding. And hence the driver
is cautious about his behavior, resulting in less traffic violations.
1.2.2.3 Real-time Passenger Information Systems (RTPIS)
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are gaining recognition in developing countries
like India. The automatic real-time passenger information system has the potential of
making the public transport system an attractive alternative for city-dwellers, thereby
contributing to fewer private vehicles on the road, leading to lower congestion levels and
less pollution. [1] presents a possible implementation of RTPIS.
Novel features may include




a route creator utility which automatically creates new routes from scratch when a
bus is driven along the new route.
voice tagging of stops and points of interest along any route.
web-based applications for passengers, providing useful information like a
snapshot of present bus locations on the streets.
web-based analysis tools for the transport authority, providing information useful
for fleet management, like number of trips undertaken by a specific bus.
1.2.2.4 Automatic Passenger Counting
For dynamic traffic management, it is important to get rapid feedback from the network
and to understand the entire transit system. Increasing demands on public transport put
pressure on transit agencies to improve their operations and services. New information
technology such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) can be used to meet higher
demands on public transport. One ITS technology with the potential to improve
operations and services within public transport is the Automatic Passenger Counting
(APC) system. The APC system counts passengers alighting and boarding a vehicle, and
can be used to get knowledge about the passengers’ journey [2]. With this knowledge it
may be possible to understand the demands and make adjustments for the future.
1.2.2.5 CCTV Junction Surveillance[3]
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



End-to-end solution for CCTV Junction Surveillance within the same Traffic Command
Control Centre
Real time streaming video from junctions and strategic locations enables effective traffic
& incident management from remote Traffic Command Control Centre
Allows operators to directly observe the traffic conditions at all junctions, verify
incidents and congestion conditions
Multiple choices for IP based PTZ/Fixed Cameras with 36X zoom facility that enable
capture of minute details from junction
Crime prevention and deterrence
1.2.2.6 Fare Metering for Auto / Taxis / Public Service
Standard off the shelf GPS / AGPS android devices can be utilized to measure geographic
distances, track & trace the vehicles and drivers using registered applications, tested and
hosted by GOI agencies using established secure processes on secure third party servers
to establish a GPS based Fare Meter regime with automatically updatable fare calculation
parameters and driver instant ID Proof including his photograph. The same screen can be
used to publish bids for acceptance by the public service vehicle driver. A registered
commuter accessing his trip through this system need not depend on an external ‘panic’
button but alert the backend discretely at first inkling of danger from his / her own
mobile. The system potentially opens up a huge commuter segment of ladies, old persons,
children for secure and accountable on demand door step services.
This ITS user service is currently under review at the BIS TED28.
1.2.3
Commuter – End User
1.2.3.1 E-Calling
This is a framework to provide faster security and emergency services in case of any
untoward scenario. This is a very important use case which will enhance the public
security and emergency management system in India. M2M technology will enable
police emergency VAN to respond to Citizens panic calls efficiently and will reduce the
time to react. The framework can enable officials to manage and monitor the incident
remotely.
To Provide Auto Emergency calling in vehicle in case of road accident or any panic
circumstances.
1.2.3.2 Intelligent Transit Trip Planner and Real time Route Information
The Personal car user will receive travel related information to assist decision making on
route, estimated travel time, and avoid congestion. This can be enabled by providing different
information using various technologies such as

GPS enabled in vehicle navigation system.


Dynamic digital signage for real time communication of information on traffic
congestions, bottle necks, accidents and alternate route information during road
closure and maintenance.
Digital heat Map with traffic congestion related info in color coding
The Public transport user will be able to use his smart phone to check availability, plan their
transit, make booking and pay using electronic mode.
1.2.4
Fleet Managers
1.2.4.1 Fleet Tracking, Start / Stop management
This use case will enable radio taxi operators to automate their operational process. All
the CABs operating in the field will be embedded or fitted with a M2M gateway device,
which would continuously transmitting the location, status, alerts, driver behavior. Call
Center Agent can track any CAB through the GUI and allocate the CAB to the nearest
customer. Value Added Services like maintenance management, Driver behavior,
Security feature for passengers (Panic Button), In vehicle surveillance etc.
This use case will enable transportation fleet enterprises to manage their operations more
efficiently. The High Value Asset (fleet) will be connected with a GPS + GSM/CDMA
module, and will transmit location information on a predefined time or on request. The
Application will utilize the data transmitted by the device to derive maintenance
schedule, route optimization, distance travelled, speed, driving behavior, fleet efficiency.
1.2.4.2 Fleet management by Logistics Company
Besides all the Basic functionalities of VTS Stated above which are used by the Logistics
companies, fuel is important cost component which needs monitoring. This is achieved
by using Fuel sensor or the by tapping data going to the fuel gauge of the vehicle.
1.2.4.3 Captive Railway wagons
Many organizations own Railway wagons and use it for transporting their products.
Tracking of such wagons is very important however as there is no electricity, the battery
backup becomes most Imp and should last throughout the journey which could be more
than 15 days.
1.2.4.4 Fleet management of vehicles carrying perishable products
Companies using such vehicles use all basic functionalities of VTS being used by
logistics Companies. In addition, they require Temperature Sensors to monitor the
temperature to be maintained. Door Sensors can be used to monitor and control that the
door is opened only when essential to prevent energy loss.
1.2.4.5
Heavy machinery fleet management
Basic features of the VTS for Fleet Management are generally sufficient for such fleet
(Cranes, dozers etc.). Camera can provide better appreciation of the surroundings. These
equipments in case if are OBD-II compliant, can provide vital information related to
performance and maintenance of the equipment. This is very imp for the finance
companies to keep track of the location and health of the vehicle
1.2.4.6 Radio Taxi Management
This use case will enable radio taxi operators to automate their operational process. All
the CABs operating in the field will be embedded or fitted with a M2M gateway device,
which would continuously transmitting the location, status, alerts, driver behavior. Call
Center Agent can track any CAB through the GUI and allocate the CAB to the nearest
customer. Value Added Services like maintenance management, Driver behavior,
Security feature for passengers (Panic Button), In vehicle surveillance etc.
1.2.4.7 Employee Commutation Safety
This service will enable companies operating in BPO/ITES/IT sector to automate their
CAB Management service for employees and ensure their safety. All the CAB operating
for a specific company will be tracked along with the employees on board. Companies
will be able to manage and monitor their employee commutation policies.
1.2.4.8 School Bus management system.
This use case will ensure safety of children traveling by school’s owned transport
services. The users of this solution would be school administrators, parents of the
students who would track and trace the school bus on real time, receive alerts and
notifications. The device installed in the vehicle should be equipped with GPS for
Locations tacking, RFID for identifying the students and staff on boarded.
1.2.5
OEM
The technology can enable the vehicle manufactures to provide VAS services and create new
stream of revenue. OEM can provide services like such as stolen vehicle tracking and location
based anti-theft applications. The OEMs can even monitor on field performance of the product
after launch.
Car Dealer and Service
1.2.5.1 Vehicle Diagnostic & Maintenance Report
For all OBD II complaint vehicles the service centers can provide maintenance report to
the consumer and check the health of the vehicle to take preventive actions. The device
will be able to send data related to health of the vehicle, like oil temperature, coolant
temperature, oil level etc.
1.2.5.2 Road side Breakdown Assistance
The system monitors the critical parameters of the vehicle and in case of any fault; it can
locate the nearest road side assistance center. Send an alert to the center with vehicles
issue report along with location, this will help the service center to respond effectively
and immediately.
1.2.5.3 Eco Driving
OBD enabled M2M device mounted on the automobiles check the fuel emission (SO2,
NO2, etc) while on drive and can send an alert to the service station in case if the
emissions are alarming. Also this information would be stored on cloud to give a
consolidated automobile-health view to the service center once the automobile goes for
servicing
1.2.6
Infrastructure / Safety
1.2.6.1 Smart Parking
Smart parking helps one of the biggest problems on driving in urban areas; finding empty
parking spaces and controlling illegal parking. This implies M2M technologies aims
rightness/safety as well as convenience.
It involves using low-cost sensors, real-time data collection, and mobile-phone-enabled
automated payment systems that allow people to reserve parking in advance or very
accurately predict where they will likely find a spot. When deployed as a system, smart
parking thus reduces car emissions in urban centers by reducing the need for people to
needlessly circle city blocks searching for parking. It also permits cities to carefully
manage their parking supply.
1.2.6.2 Road Toll Collection
This use case will enable private car/fleet owners to decide the most economical toll route
and pay the charges automatically through online payment gateway. Using RFID tags
telematics box on vehicles, automated road toll collection can be computed.Congestion
charging Very effective in high density geography, this will help optimizing the scarce
infrastructure and earn additional revenue. Based on real-time traffic congestion have
differential charging at different time frames.
1.2.6.3 Smart Signals
This use case is about adjusting the signal timing and priority based upon the priority of
the vehicle like ambulances etc. and provides Framework to monitor and control over
speeding and traffic violation centrally.
TSP is a special operational strategy that allows transit vehicles to adjust signal timing
plans on their respective routes when traveling on signalized roadways. Ultimately,
employment of this technology is directed toward the reduction of delay on these routes
and the improvement of schedule reliability.
Smart signals also include Congestion signaling on the driver dashboard. This can be
useful for congestion control at any place dynamically as well as regulate traffic flow
during any contingency.
1.2.6.4 Smart Roads
Municipalities around the world spend millions of dollars to maintain and repair their
roadways. Despite this investment, very few people are happy with the quality of the
roads where they live or work. The reason is that bad roads damage vehicles, are
sometimes hazardous to drivers and pedestrians, and, at the very least, are annoying to
drive or bike on. In India bad roads is a severe problem and considering that goods roads
are essential for fast development of India’s economy road condition monitoring becomes
an important use case.
In India municipal budgets are generally constrained, determining which roads need
fixing becomes even more challenging. In addition, informing drivers of hazardous road
conditions especially at night or when lighting is poor would be a useful feature for
navigation systems. Wireless Sensor Network is a cost-effective and scalable option for
reducing infrastructure maintenance costs and increasing safety on the road. We can
install wireless sensors in vehicles, mainly taxis and buses since these are the vehicles
which remains on the road most of the times and daily covers huge area of road network
and hence can provide more suitable information regarding the status of roads in the city.
Municipalities [4] can use this data to determine which roads are in serious bad condition
and needs immediate repair or rebuilding.
1.2.6.5 Traffic Signal Violation Monitoring
This use case requires RF Transmitter to be used at each of the Traffic Signal to identify
traffic Violation. Vehicle must have a unit to detect the RF signal on Violation and notify
the same to speeding/reckless driver. A Unit Software is required to keep the count of the
same and once a predefined limit is approaching, should inform the driver about the legal
preceding if continued in the similar fashion. Once the limit is reached, the system will
pass the vehicle information to central traffic Management system along with the reason
for logging a complaint. Moreover, such a system must be temper proof so that the driver
is not able to misuse the same.
Central Traffic Management System to device the necessary action thereafter.
Challenges:



RF Transmitter at each Signal
Central Traffic Management Center for devising the speed limit
Traffic Density Calculation
1.2.6.6 Automated Challan issuance
The surveillance cameras installed at the signals would have the Number Plate
recognition algorithm hosted on the server. Once an automobile violates the traffic rules,
the surveillance cameras would take the image of the number plate and send it to the
central location. At the command and control centre, the Video Analytics platform would
identify the car registration number from the image sent and would then map it to the
National Car Registration database. It should be borne in mind that there could be multilingual number that can be embossed on the plate. The video analytics platform should
convert the captured car registration number in Unicode and then compare with the pool.
Once identified, the driver is issued a ticket against his/her name through an sms on his
registered number and the ticket number is stored on the cloud for future reference.
1.2.6.7 Push advertising in public transport
Location Based Advertising on integrated displays in public transport systems has great
potential. The Passengers are normally bored when they ride with a public transport
system (metro, bus, tram etc.) so they are open to general interest information and
location based advertising (push approach). Therefore they will receive messages during
their ride. Mostly, they get value-added information e.g. about various events, special
activities, opening hours of museums, timetables, delays, city-activities etc. Example:
When the public transport system passes an electronics store, on the display of the high
resolution screen special offers and saving of the store are displayed.[6] At the next exit
you have the chance to get out of the public transport system and go directly to the store
to check the service/product and buy it directly.
1.2.7
Logistics
1.2.7.1 Asset / Cargo tracking
This use case requires a battery powered portable devices which can track the current
location of the asset/cargo. On demand or periodically the device can upload its location
which would be helpful in tracking the same. This can be used for tracking wld animals
in sanctuaries, domestic animals at large farms, children’s, pets and disabled people.
This service will enable Logistic companies to track their valuable assets movement,
manage schedule and customer expectation. The asset will be connected to thin client
GPS device with GSM/CDMA module, which will transmit current locations periodically
or on request. Due to small packet size both SMS and Packet core would be used as
bearer channel.
1.2.7.2 Pilferage tracking:
1.2.7.2.1 Condition check – Large-sized construction machines
Large-sized construction machines are continuously operated for long hours. Once they
break down, it takes substantial cost to repair them. Besides, since repairing a large-sized
construction machine takes much time, it significantly affects the machine activity rate.
Therefore, construction machines, especially large ones, are required to be free of down
time and capable of planned operation without interruption. In order to secure such
machines, it is necessary to early detect any symptoms of machine trouble by physical
examination, etc. and have the maintenance personnel take suitable measures without
delay
1.2.7.2.2 Order fulfillment and route optimizations
Assigning tasks online to work force, define beat routes. And track daily movement with
regards to the schedule and route as well as monitor progress.
1.2.8
Usage Based Insurance
User Based Insurance and PAY as You Drive opportunities and how the industry is leveraging
technology to maximize return on investment through M2M Telematics. As many insurers and
consumers now know, telematics technology has changed. Offering a vast range of benefits,
telematics can help insurers grow their businesses, know and support their customers, and deliver
a more profitable future.
Its Features include:








Real-time feedback on driver behavior
Vehicle diagnostics
Parental monitoring of teen driving
Increased fuel efficiency
Fewer claims and lower costs
Better risk mitigation
Stolen-vehicle tracking
Decrease response time
Ecosystem
In a simplified way, a piece of hardware needs to be deployed in the car to get access to the
pertinent vehicle and driving data, for example through an OBD II dongle or an embedded piece
of hardware (black-box, TCU) with access to the vehicle (CAN)-bus. There are also some viable
but somewhat limiting options through SMARTPHONE integration into the vehicle. In any case
the collected data then has to be wirelessly transmitted to a back office data center where it is
further analyzed and the insurance product can be determined.
Call Flow
With technology like telematics, massive amounts of data can be collected directly from


From the TCU/Head Units of vehicle, Actual mileage, GPS location or behavioral data
such as speed, harsh breaking or acceleration, left turns vs. right turns and much more is
collected,
All this information then analyzed and packaged into specific insurance products such as
PAYD (Pay-as-you-drive), PHYD (Pay-how-you-drive), MHYD (Manage-how-youdrive) allowing insurance companies to offer many more tailored and innovative pricing
models to its customers.
Tentative Global/ Indian Users on date and anticipated in next 5 and 10 years
India was the sixth largest motor vehicle/car manufacturer in the world in 2013. In terms of
consumption (excluding exports) it is lags China (around 18 million), USA (12 million),
Japan, Brazil. In terms of per capita consumption of vehicles it is very low at around 129th in
the world.
Latest available data for registered vehicles RTO as per Government of India records
(Ref:
http://data.gov.in/catalog/total-number-registered-motor-vehiclesindia#web_catalog_tabs_block_10)
Year (As on 31st
March)
All
Vehicles
Two
Wheelers*
Cars, Jeeps
and Taxis
Buses
Goods
Vehicles
Others**
2012
15949100
11541900
2156800
167700
765800
1316900
** Tractors/Trailers etc not classified into the above categories
At the moment the total number of vehicles in India stands at about a 100 million
GPS devices which are one of the core items of these use cases have been made mandatory in
several countries for the commercial vehicles to prevent theft and accidents. For Fleet
Management most of the establishments make use of specific / high end devices. In India to a
large extent only basic trackers are being used.
Using a forecast of 10% (average historical growth rate from 1999 to 2012) as per
Government of India records, at the end of 2020, the vehicle data will be
Year (As on
31st March)
All Vehicles
Two
Wheelers*
Cars, Jeeps and
Taxis
Buses @
Goods
Vehicles
Others**
2020
34188312
24741087
4623292
359479
1641560
2822892
2025
55060618
39845769
7445858
578945
2643749
4546296
In 2020 - vehicles eligible for telematics units approximately will be 66 Lacs
In 2025 – vehicles eligible for telematics units approximately will be 1 crore
 Excluding 2 wheelers from above computations
Assuming a attach rate for telematics units of around 8~10%, the number of vehicles with
telematics units will be
2020 – 66 lacs
2025 – 1 Crore
1.3 ITS Initiatives
1. JNNURM
Basic Block Diagram of OBITS with Key Features









Automatic vehicle Location (AVL)
Passenger Information System (PIS)
Synchronization with Bus Depot
Continuous/ Schedule based Security Camera Recording on activation of
predefined features
Emergency Two way Voice Call
Rear View Camera Display On BDC on Enabling Reverse Gear
GPS Based Navigation and 3G wireless Communication
Supports Communication protocols like CAN 2.0, RS 232, Ethernet and
USB
Vehicle Heath Monitoring and Diagnostics (VHMD)






Vehicle Tracking System/ Navigation System
ETC RFID Tag
Speed Limiters
Immobilizers
Collision warning
Adaptive cruise control
2. KPSTRC
3. eToll
4. Mandate to install GPS/GRPS device in all public transport with video camera
and panic button with connectivity to police stations.
5. CBSE has issued recommendations for school buses to have Global Positioning
System (GPS), which will track its location. In the latest guideline issued by the
CBSE, the GPS system will have to be approved by Automotive Research
Association of India (ARAI).
6. Discussion on installation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags on the
medium and heavy motor vehicles for toll collection.
7. Discussion on “No fuel without PUC”
8. Indian railway, almost all major cities & towns have floated RFPs for installation
and commissioning of aftermarket GPS enabled M2M devises.
1.4 Research and development
There are many R&D initiative on the subject of ITS, and certainly we might know what traffic
applications are needed for Indian roads. We might design and implement sensing technologies
needed to handle those applications for Indian chaotic traffic. We might build robust, low-cost
communication models to gather data from sensors and disseminate information to commuters.
But unless we test our solutions in the field in medium to large scales, we will never come to
know about practical issues. Building collaboration with the public sector is an absolute
necessity for this domain to created sustainable output.
And there is a need to get all R&D efforts aligned, some of the organization doing R&D projects
on ITS are :
DEITY : ITS projects
Sub project/ ITS technology
Likely End Users
Wireless Traffic Control System
Traffic police and local authorities
Second Generation Area Traffic Control System ( Medium and large cities deploying
CoSiCoSt- II)
ATCS
Real Time Traffic Counting & Monitoring System
Traffic Planners
authorities
and
development
Intelligent Parking Lot Management System
Town planners & local authorities
Advanced Travellers Information System
General public and traffic planners
Intelligent Transit Trip Planner and Realtime Route General public and traffic planners
Information
Red Light Violation Detection System
Traffic police
Intelligent Traffic Congestion Management System using Traffic planners
RFID
authorities
and
development
DIMTS
Wireless Traffic Signal Controller (Wi-TraC)
Red Light-Stop Line Violation & Detection System (RLSVDS)
CCTV Junction Surveillance
Variable Message Sign (VMS
Video Incident Detection
Control and Command Centre
Center of Excellence in Urban transport
A multi-institutional and mutli-disciplinary research team from the following eight
institutes are part of the Centre:
Name of the Project
Principal
Investigator
Name
of
Institute
the
Improving Transit System
Performance
through
Automatic
Data Collection Systems
Study on Safety at work
zones
in
Urban Areas
Comprehensive
Transportation Planning for
the Selected Zones in
Bangalore City
Development of Pavement
Deterioration Models for
Urban Roads
Dr K Gunasekaran
Anna
Chennai
University
Dr K Gunasekaran
Anna
Chennai
University
Dr.H.S.Jagadeesh
BMS
College
Engineering
Bangalore
of
Dr.H.S.Jagadeesh
BMS
College
Engineering
Bangalore
of
Study on Developing Tools
and Methods to Support
Advanced
Traveller
Information Systems (ATIS)
in Indian Cities, A Case
Study at Trivandrum City
Evaluation of traffic data
collection techniques for
Indian conditions
Bus arrival time prediction
under
Indian
Traffic
Conditions
Dynamic Network Modeling
under Mixed-Traffic
Dr.M.Satya Kumar
College
Engineering,
Trivandrum
of
Dr. V. Lelitha Devi
Indian Institute of
Technology Madras
Dr. V. Lelitha Devi
Indian Institute of
Technology Madras
Dr.
Gitakrishnan
Ramadurai
Indian Institute of
Technology Madras
Urban
Mitigation
Dr. R. Sivanandan
Indian Institute of
Technology Madras
Tools for
Planning
Congestion
Transportation
Urban
Pavement
Management
Systems
(PMS)
Urban Safety Management
Dr.
Karthik
Srinivasan
K.
Indian Institute of
Technology Madras
Dr. A. Veeraragavan
Indian Institute of
Technology Madras
Dr. A. Veeraragavan
Indian Institute of
Technology Madras
Development of Activity
based
Models
for
Forecasting
of
Travel
Demand
Development of a Toolbox
for
Evaluation
and
Identification of Urban Road
Safety
Improvement
Measures
Urban Speed Management
Using ITS
Dr.M.V.L.R.Anjaneyulu
National Institute of
Technology,
Calicut
Dr.M.V.L.R.Anjaneyulu
National Institute of
Technology,
Calicut
Dr.
S
Santhakumar
National Institute of
Technology
,
Tiruchirappali
Urban
Pavement
Maintenance Management
Systems (UPMMS)
Dr.Samson Mathew
Moses
National Institute of
Technology
,
Tiruchirappali
CDAC : http://www.intranse.in/node/1
Indigenous product manufacturing status and potential for related equipment and devices
In India the product (GPS devices etc) is being manufactured and serviced mainly by
Startups and SMEs. However basis components like Modules, silicon chips and sensors
mostly imported
Demand for such devices due to lack of awareness of the benefits by Transport sector has
been very slow. Though after beginning made by Delhi Government for registration of
device manufacturers and service providers, demand has increased to some extent but it is
far behind the expected growth. Three major reasons are
 Influx of cheaper devices from the neighboring country which have lower quality
and result in too many failures resulting in loss of customer confidence in the
devices,

Gap in ensuring compliance of continuation of the service

Lack of seamless coverage for tracking long route transit.
Advance technologies like Radar, V2V, V2I has not started major reason being
 Lack of awareness, proper R&D, Spectrum and resources.

Retro fitting of Global technologies: As Indian ecosystem is different and unique,
road conditions, type of vehicles, driving habits and requirements are completely
different. Indian roads are mostly chaotic where no lane discipline is followed;
major issue is to address problems like traffic.

Indian STDs needs to be derived for manufacturing and mass adoption and to
become future ready.
Government support required for future proliferation

Transportation Control Centers. Setting up of nationwide fully functional traffic
management and emergency control centers.

Spectrum for Transportation: Govt should allocate spectrum for R&D and
technology adoption for advanced technologies like: Radar based collision
detection & Vehicle to Vehicle.

Research and Development: Govt should promote R&D and IPR creation by
involving TCoEs and R&D labs.
o Encourage investment and provide incentive to companies who invest in
R&D and whose headcount, Capex , Patents and Technical skills are more
than the parameters set by the GOI
o Give “High Technology status” to company based on the technical abilities
working for the National Program
o Financial Incentives (Tax , Low Cost Loans ) to the High Tech Status

Standards: India’s ITS cannot be entirely modeled on the existing successful ITS
deployment of other countries as the ecosystem is completely different. India
should focus on creating STD for Indian geography ans also ensure we are not
deviating from Global Path.

Create economies of scale, by driving common technology framework which can
address all major use cases from all verticals, transportation, health, agriculture
Etc.

Promoting Entrepreneurship: M2M Market in India has abundance of Startups
and SME with dedicated focus on M2M/IoT, govt should have norms to help
them in incubation stage.

Demand management: Mandates by Govt Agencies will increase the demand of
equipments and solutions. Domestic manufacturing ecosystem should flourish and
gains expertise ASAP. Govt should promote innovation, research & development,
creating sustainable Standards, removing entry barriers, Subsidizing resources,
reducing TAX & RAW material Import duties.

National Data Aggregator and Archive: Create a National Archival for ITS data,
on which common applications can ride. The data being received on the server of
the authorities can further be used not only for real time location only but also for
speed control by getting speed alerts and issuing speed violation challans based on
the speed limits prescribed for various roads. The data can also be used for
checking and controlling drivering behavior / pattern. This data can also be used
for checking the Road permit requirements for various states. Even load being
carried by these vehicles can be regulated by adding load cells / sensors to these
GPS devices.

Provision of connecting aftermarket device to vehicles without violating the
warranty of the vehicle. Today vehicles do not come with STD interface to
connect the Devices. So while connecting the devices the warranty gets void.

PMA policy :
List of Components for inclusion in PMA Policy is given below:
GPS Device (Vehicle Tracking System / Personnel Tracker)
1.0

Design
a) Hardware
b) Software
2.0
Components:
a) GPS Module
b) Communication module (GSM / GPRS/ CDMA/ Satellite)
c) Silicon Components (Microcontroller, memory etc)
d) Passive Components (Resistors, Capacitors etc)
e) Connectors (OA Connectors on device side, OBD connectors
on vehicle side)
f) Cables
g) Enclosure body and lining material
h) RF Components (GPS antenna, Communication antenna
(GSM/GPRS/CDMA/Satellite)
3.0
PCBs
a) PCB fabrication
4.0
Firm Ware
a) Design and loading
5.0
Assembly / Inspection / Testing
6.0
Sensors
a) Temperature, Fuel level, Door sensor, Biometric, Load etc
7.0
Camera.
a) Night Vision Camera/ IP Camera.
8.0
RFID
a) Reader
b) Cards
9.0
Criteria
to
measure
the
Value
added
services
(Software/Firmware/Board Manufacturing) in PMA policy
10.0 The target products/system that would be purchased through
government tenders (Business to Government)
SIM: The normal SIM card is not designed for harsh conditions of the vehicles,
soft SIM, M2M SIM should be considered for Auto industry.

Spectrum Allocation: There are some critical services in M2M, hence various
services may require dedicated spectrum for their respective operations.

Privacy Issues: There are significant privacy issues in Automobile e.g. location
details, identity of the persons, etc. These issues have to be addressed by the Auto
Industry.

Create Device Agnostic ecosystem: Govt should consider creating “data
communication protocol”, so that it should not be device dependant and should be
interoperable. Currently all devices are tightly coupled with application which
make it difficult to change the service provider.

KYC: KYC process should be linked to the RTO formalities, which will insure
the ownership transfer is in Sync both for vehicle and connection.

Aadhar based Driver Identification: Aadhar based Driver Identification system
should be implemented.

Domestic Hardware expertise: All moderns vehicles are equipped with multiple
sensors, so its IMP to setup – manufacturing industry create those components
internally.

Creating Skilled manpower
o Researchers & Scientist: The top organizations from (R&D labs, Telcos,
Software giants, manufactures, Govt Bodies) operating in India should be
asked to create common pool of brilliant resources who should be
responsible for dedicating time and efforts to create common technology
for India. Hence reducing the overall R&D cost.
o Job Creators: Govt should assist them with required facilities, to come
forward and invest in field of M2M.
o Skilled technicians: to realize vision of manufacturing hub in India, we
would need skilled technicians in large numbers. Short courses should be
introduced to create skilled manpower in manufacturing and software of
IoT/M2M services. Training of manpower at Engineer and Technician
levels
o Role of Academia:


Top engineering and management institution should have research
on M2M/IoT as part of their curriculum. And should be playing a
major role in creating Indian IPRs by involving in R&D and
strategic activities.

Relook of the curriculum of MCA and B Tech programs to cover
these emerging technology areas like IoT/M2M.
Collaborative efforts: Govt should facilitate with platform where all vertical
industry players can join the larger ecosystem. This will ensure wide acceptability
of the technology ensuring economies of scale.
o Vehicle OEMs, Municipalities, Security Agencies (police), hospitals,
o Associations : Car Manufactures, Associations : Society of Indian
Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), Automotive Research Association of
India (ARAI) ,
o Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Ministry of urban development

Benefit to everyone of Value chain: To increase the challenges of adoption govt
should consider providing benefit to create maintain and use this technology to,
users, manufactures and OEMs
o Ensuring seamless availability of the underlying network by relooking at
various administrative and commercial aspects.
o Allowing Satellite communication to be used as alternate channel.
o The government should create one example from policy to manufacturing
to create confidence in the investor / companies

Other Challenges: Apart from various challenges presented there are other
secondary challenges which has to be carefully evaluated. The challenges like
power related issues, pollution, various health hazards due to so these devices and
radiations etc has to be highlighted.
1.5 International Scenario
Telemetric mandate in Brazil, US, Europe and Russia
 Brazil - Contran 245

EU – eCall (2015)

Russia : ERA-GLONASS (2013)

Germany - LKW-Maut Toll Collect (2005)

France - HGV Eco-tax (2013)

ADAS Mandates

U.S. - electronic onboard recorder (EOBR) (2015)

US & UK - V2V and V2I using Dedicated short-range communications for ITS.
o United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated
75 MHz of spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band to be used by intelligent
transportation systems (ITS).
o European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) allocated
30 MHz of spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band for ITS
o
Automotive Radar services: European Union: A 'temporary' frequency
band has been opened at 24 GHz is allocated for radar technology; A
'permanent' band has been allocated at 79 GHz, allowing for long-term
development of this radar service.
1.5.1
Global Standards
Working Group 15 of the CEN TC274 has written a set of standards regarding eCall. Compliance with these stan
the Council.
1) EN 16062 - eCall high level application requirements (HLAP) defines the high level
application protocols to facilitate eCalls using mobile networks.
2) EN 16072 - Pan-European eCall operating requirements specifies the generic
operational requirements and intrinsic procedures for the provision of an eCall service
that allows to transfer an emergency message and to establish a voice channel
between IVS and PSAP.
3) EN 16102 - eCall - Operating requirements for third party support covers the same
scope for but for third party services in order to allow service providers to offer
services handling eCalls.
4) EN 15722 - eCall minimum set of data (MSD) specifies the content and format of the
data to be transferred by the IVS to the PSAP during an eCall.
5) CEN/TS 16454 - eCall end to end conformance testing sets out test procedures that
allow different actors in the eCall chain (vehicle/IVS, MNO, PSAP, TPSP) to claim
conformance to all above listed EN eCall standards without being able to control the
behavior of other actor.
ETSI: Intelligent Transport Systems
http://www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/intelligent-transport
It is worthwhile to go through the following standards to understand what is already in
place regarding ITS Architecture big picture - to establish use cases outside this
environment but significantly relevant to India, otherwise the group can simply build over
the decorum of the established relationships:
1. ISO_DIS_14813-1_(E) : Reference model architecture(s) for the ITS sector — Part 1:
ITS service domains, service groups and services
2. ISO TR 14813-2 (E) 2008v1: Reference model architecture for the ITS sector — Part
2: Core ITS reference architecture
3. ISO TR 14813-3 (E) 2008v2 : Reference model architecture(s) for the ITS sector —
Part 3: Example elaboration
4. ISO TR 14813-4 (E) 2008v1 : ITS reference architecture — Part 4: Reference model
tutorial
Communication Standards:
Additionally there is a series of Standards around the communication technology domain
which need to be considered within the above ITS services domain
5. ISO 21212:2008 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land
mobiles (CALM) -- 2G Cellular systems
6. ISO 21213:2008 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land
mobiles (CALM) -- 3G Cellular systems
7. ISO/DIS 21214 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land
mobiles (CALM) -- Infra-red systems
8. ISO 21214:2006 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land
mobiles (CALM) -- Infra-red systems
9. ISO 21215:2010 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications
mobiles (CALM) -- M5
10. ISO 21216:2012 Intelligent transport systems -- Communication
mobiles (CALM) -- Millimetre wave air interface
11. ISO/NP 21217 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications
mobiles (CALM) -- Architecture
12. ISO 21217:2010 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications
mobiles (CALM) -- Architecture
13. ISO/DIS 21218 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications
mobiles (CALM) -- Access technology support
14. ISO 21218:2008 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications
mobiles (CALM)-- Medium service access points
access for land
access for land
access for land
access for land
access for land
access for land
1.6 Bibliography
[1] http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.0447
[2] http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:438096/FULLTEXT01.pdf
[3] http://www.dimts.in/Services_Transportation_Intelligent_Transport_System.aspx
[4] http://www.cmtelematics.com/resources/whitepapers/pothole/
[5] http://www.cscjournals.org/manuscript/Journals/IJAS/volume4/Issue1/IJAS-62.pdf
[6] http://www.e-lba.com/usecase1.html
[7] https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/nsdr12/nsdr12-final2.pdf
[8] http://www.kpit.com/engineering/products/on-bus-its
[9] http://www.cmcltd.com/sites/default/files/resourcecenter/CaseStudy_KSRTC.pdf
[10] http://thenih0n.in/sutpp/skin/pdf/event_22.pdf
[11] http://ebtc.eu/pdf/120913_SNA_Snapshot_Intelligent-transport-systems-in-India.pdf
[12] http://www.dimts.in/Services_Transportation_Intelligent_Transport_System.aspxAlok
Sethi
[13] http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=pe_its_inteli_transportation
[14] http://deity.gov.in/content/intelligent-transportation-system-its
[15] http://tripp.iitd.ernet.in/course/lecture2010/mohan/module1/ITS%20DM.pdf
[16] http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C15/E1-25-02-06.pdf
[17] http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/100/09/1386.pdf
[18] http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/100/09/1386.pdf
[19] http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Chapter-10-ITS.pdf
[20] http://www.itpi.org.in/files/jul1_11.pdf
[21] http://www.vbsoftindia.com/intelligent-transportation-systems.htm
[22] http://www.efkonindia.com/news.php
[23] http://cseindia.org/content/air-pollution-now-fifth-largest-killer-india-says-newlyreleased-findings-global-burden-dise
[24] http://www.financialexpress.com/news/commuting-time-in-mumbai-the-maximum-saysstudy/210620/2
[25] http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-117543/Road-traffic-of-all-kinds-cars-trucksmopeds-auto-and
[26] http://www.rtirn.net/docs/Risk%20Factors%20for%20Pedestrian%20Injuries%20in%20I
ndia%20and%20South%20East%20Asian%20Countries-%20Dr.%20Gururaj.pdf
[27] http://m2m.gemalto.com/tl_files/cinterion/newsletter/gemalto_case_study_GTT_web.pdf
[28] https://m2m.telefonica.com/blog/m2m-in-trains-connectivity-on-rails
[29] http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/haryana-to-eliminate-all-unmannedrailway-crossings/article6849253.ece
[30] http://www.up.com/cs/groups/public/@uprr/documents/up_pdf_nativedocs/pdf_up_sustai
nability-2012.pdf
2 Annexure I: Use Case Analysis
2.1 Title
UC Automotive Road - Safety In Vehicle Emergency Call System
2.2 Objective
This use case deals with providing an infrastructure and a corresponding process/infrastructure to
auto call an emergency number in case of any untoward scenario or accident.
2.3 Source (as applicable)
Aditya Basu ([email protected]), Happiest Minds (Author)
Samar Shailendra ([email protected]), CTO Networks Lab, TCS
Anuj Ashokan ([email protected]) , Tata Teleservices Ltd
Hemant Rath ([email protected]), CTO Networks Lab, TCS
Anantha Simha ([email protected]), CTO Networks Lab, TCS
2.4 Background
2.4.1
Current Practice
One of the existing implementation, FORD has implemented in its Ecosports version of
SUV. The system, according to Ford, is a vehicle-based, no-cost, non-subscription call-forhelp system that delivers a voice message directly to emergency operators, indicating that a
vehicle has been involved in an accident in which the airbags have been deployed or fuel
pump shut-off triggered and opens the line for hands-free communication.
The Emergency Assistance system works via Ford’s Sync system, which is a voice-activated,
hands-free communications and entertainment package for mobile phones and digital media
players that allows the driver to make and receive calls and play music.
The Sync system uses the driver’s own mobile phone via Bluetooth and activates the moment
the driver enters the car. In case an accident occurs, the Sync system uses its hands-free
phone capabilities to connect the driver directly with India’s emergency service number –
108.
Before initiating the emergency call, the Sync system will provide a 10 second window to
allow the driver or passenger to decide whether to cancel the call. If not manually cancelled
within the 10 second window, Sync will place the emergency call.
The call flow for the same is as follows:
1. In event of accident the vehicle location is determined by GPS
2. SYNC audibly announces to the cabin that it is placing an emergency call
3. Dials “112”-emergency number for all emergency services across Europe/Any country
4. Automatically plays a message which informs the operator that a crash has occurred in a
Ford vehicle and the location of that vehicle using the most appropriate language
5. SYNC audibly confirms that the emergency assistance call has been placed
6. The use can cancel the call anytime by pressing the hangup button
2.5 Need for Use Case
Every year the number of vehicle accidents and death injuries are increasing exponentially. Had
it been that a quality service is deployed at the accident site in time, number of such tragedies
could have been avoided.
Some of the factors affecting such quality service are
1. Delayed alerts at the emergency center
2. Delayed arrival of emergency services at the accident scene
3. Insufficient information during rescue
4. Inefficient traffic management
This requires an automated system in the vehicle that can detect and react in case of an accident
or any untoward accident.
2.6 Indian Ecosystem Specifics ( Same as current Practice )
Under the Indian Ecosystem Specifics, FORD has implemented the In Vehicle Emergency
Call System in its Ecosports version .
The system, according to Ford, is a vehicle-based, no-cost, non-subscription call-for-help
system that delivers a voice message directly to emergency operators, indicating that a
vehicle has been involved in an accident in which the airbags have been deployed or fuel
pump shut-off triggered and opens the line for hands-free communication.
The Emergency Assistance system works via Ford’s Sync system, which is a voice-activated,
hands-free communications and entertainment package for mobile phones and digital media
players that allows the driver to make and receive calls and play music.
The Sync system uses the driver’s own mobile phone via Bluetooth and activates the moment
the driver enters the car. In case an accident occurs, the Sync system uses its hands-free
phone capabilities to connect the driver directly with India’s emergency service number –
108.
Before initiating the emergency call, the Sync system will provide a 10 second window to
allow the driver or passenger to decide whether to cancel the call. If not manually cancelled
within the 10 second window, Sync will place the emergency call.
This is the specific Call Flow
1)
In event of accident the vehicle location is determined by GPS
2)
SYNC audibly announces to the cabin that it is placing an emergency call
3)
Dials “112”-emergency number for all emergency services across Europe/Any country
4)
Automatically plays a message which informs the operator that a crash has occurred in
a Ford vehicle and the location of that vehicle using the most appropriate language
5)
SYNC audibly confirms that the emergency assistance call has been placed
6)
The use can cancel the call anytime by pressing the hangup button
2.7
Description
eCall system is an In-Vehicle Call system which opens the line for communication over
GSM/CDMA in case of an accident. eCall System to be positioned in the Vehicular
Network.
An accident can be identified based on airbags deployment or triggering of fuel pump shutoff.
All necessary information required for road side assistance in time is sent over SMS through
the established communication to the Emergency Service Provider. This includes
1. Geo Coordinates
2. Vehicle Model
3. Vehicle Diagnostics info (crash impact)
Before the communication is established, Vehicle Identification Number and Vehicle
Diagnostics information is read from vehicular network using OBD protocol. Geo
Coordinates are read using the embedded GPS module.
A voice call is also placed for the driver to provide any additional data to Service provider.
However voice call is hanged up after certain timeout, if the driver condition is critical and
couldn’t responds.
eCall System to also publish the accident information over V2V network to nearby vehicles
and to nearby infrastructure unit over V2I network using short range communication
protocols.
Emergency Service provider is to receive the data from the vehicle over GSM network.
Emergency Service provider will have an intelligent system to analyze the received data and
then determine the type of service to be deployed at the accident site. System then will
automatically place a call to the service provider (Medical, Fire, Car Service center) and to
share the vehicle data.
Service Vehicle to deploy an intelligent system with in itself, which communicates the
accident information to nearby infrastructure units which in-turn forwards the data to
infrastructure unit in the near vicinity until closer to accident spot.
Infrastructure units could be Signal Lights which upon reception of such a data could make
way for the service vehicle to reach the accident spot in time and thereby resulting in timely
deployment of service vehicle at the accident spot.
Some of the Challenges anticipated are:
1. No single Indian Emergency Service Provider.
2. Interoperability of different emergency service provider.
3. Detection of Fraudulent Calls.
4. Detection of False Alarms.
5. Back Up procedure to make the call in case of primary call system fails.
2.8 Actors (as applicable)
Actor Name
Role Description
eCall System
Actor Type
(person,
organization,
device, system)
Device
Service Provider
System
System responsible for
1. deploying the
necessary services at
the site of accident
2. Arrive at best route
for the service
vehicle
3. to Communicate the
accident details to
all the traffic signals
to make way for
service vehicles
V2V
Communication
Unit
Device
Device responsible for
vehicle to vehicle
communication
V2I
Communication
Unit
Device
Device responsible for
vehicle to Infrastructure
communication
Service Vehicle
System
Device responsible for
identifying and
initiating the rescue
operation
Vehicle carrying the
necessary equipment to
2.9 Contextual Illustration – (as applicable)
2.10 Pre-requisites (Assumptions):
1.
2.
An infrastructure (person/service) is expected to route and receive the Emergency Calls.
A system is expected to be in place to act upon the Emergency Calls.
2.11 Pre-conditions (if any)
-N/A-
2.12 Triggers (if any)
Any Vehicle Accident or an untoward accident may activate the vehicle Emergency Call
System.
2.13 Scenario description
2.13.1 Normal Scenario (as applicable)
Following information is sent over SMS, for the service provider to identify the nearest
emergency service that needs to be deployed at the incident site as early as possible
1. Voice call is initiated – If at all driver is in a situation to speak, can provide additional
information to assistant provider to help better
2. Communication over Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) network is established to communicate
accident information with the nearing vehicles to avoid secondary accidents and traffic
congestion in case of Highway driving
3. Nearing Vehicle to alert the driver about such an incident and in turn communicate the
same to other vehicles in its vicinity.
4. V2I network can also be planned to have information flow over a wider range to cover
more vehicles.
5. Emergency Service Providers to identify the emergency service that needs to be deployed
based on the received set of data
6. Emergency Service Providers to arrive at best route for the service vehicle to take at that
instance of time in the day to reach the destination as early as possible
7. Emergency Service Provider to communicate the same to all the traffic signals in the
route to make way for the service vehicles through the city
2.13.2 Alternate Flow (if any)
-N/A2.13.3 Exception Flow (if any)
-N/A-
2.14 Post-conditions (if any)
-N/A-
2.15 Use Case process Flow diagram
2.16 Information Exchange
eCall System:
Vehicle Identifier tag: Vehicle Identification Number
Vehicle Geo Co-ordinates: Longitude, Latitude
Vehicle Diagnostics Information: OBD data
Service Provider:
Emergency Type: Fire, Car Service, Ambulance, Police
Vehicle Data (Includes all above)
V2V Communication Unit:
Vehicle location: Longitude, Latitude
V2I Communication Unit:
Vehicle location: Longitude, Latitude
Service Vehicle:
Vehicle location: Vehicle Data
2.17 Interface Requirements (as applicable)
1. eCall System shall be able to receive GPS data from GPS
2. eCall System shall be able to send data over GSM/CDMA module
3. eCall System shall be able to send data over Short Range Communication interface
to nearing vehicle or nearby infrastructure module.
4. Service provider shall be able to receive data over GSM/CDMA
5. Service Vehicle shall be able to forward the data to nearby infrastructure unit
2.18 Performance Criteria
Vehicle data as described above to be transmitted at the instance of accident from eCall
system to Service provider.
Latency: Ideally data to reach the service provider with minimum delay to service the
situation in time.
Volume: About 100 bytes of data (Geo Co-ordinates, VIN and OBD Data) to be transmitted
from vehicle over GSM network at the time of accident to service provider.
Service provider to dispatch this information to service vehicle with the problem description
upon reception of data from the accident met vehicle.
Also V2V and V2I system to send vehicle data over vehicular network (DSRC) at the time
of accident
Vehicle data transfer is of highest priority and is the only data transmitted at the time of
accident. In case of network failure, Vehicle data sent over SMS shall be buffered at
network provider and shall be available to end unit as soon as it gets connected back to
network.
2.19 Scalability:
-N/A-
2.20 User Interface
An UI shall be required at service provider and also at service vehicle to view the vehicle
data. No such UI is required at the eCall System itself
2.21 Communication Infrastructure
eCall System shall use GSM network and V2V network for communication with outside
world
2.22 Deployment Considerations
eCall System to be deployed in the region of car which is very less likely to be damaged
upon an accident. The device must be very rugged/heat resistant to withstand the impact of
the accident e.g the ruggedness and durability must be similar to that of a Black Box in
Aeroplanes.
2.23 Geographical Considerations
Infrastructure units must be placed within few hundred meters of distance from each other.
2.24 Security
There are no potential data security threats because no critical data is transmitted.
However, the reliability of the system and the authenticity of the data is a matter of
concern.
2.25 Startup Shutdown process
eCall System to be battery powered. Once the system is up and running, device to be in
sleep state until accident event occurs thereby avoiding battery draining during normal
operation of the vehicle.
2.26 Potential market growth
Safety systems in cars will be the key growth drivers for the Indian automotive
electronics market in the next few years as it attains a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 21.8 per cent, as per research report. It is estimated that the accelerating growth
in embedded in-car telematics over the next 15 years will lead to cars representing over 5%
of all connected devices by 2025, compared with just 0.1% today. The automotive
embedded telematics market will grow at CAGR of 24.6% over the next 15 years to reach
€20 billion by 2025.
Fig. Growth Forecast for cumulative volume of Embedded Telematics by Region
2.27 Challenges
Some of the Challenges anticipated are:
1. No single Indian Emergency Service Provider.
2. Interoperability of different emergency service provider.
3. Detection of Fraudulent Calls.
4. Detection of False Alarms.
5. Back Up procedure to make the call in case of primary call system fails.
2.28 Available Global Standards
Working Group 15 of the CEN TC274 has written a set of standards regarding eCall.
Compliance with these standards is required in the General Approach of the Council.
1) EN 16062 - eCall high level application requirements (HLAP) defines the high level
application protocols to facilitate eCalls using mobile networks.
2) EN 16072 - Pan-European eCall operating requirements specifies the generic operational
requirements and intrinsic procedures for the provision of an eCall service that allows to
transfer an emergency message and to establish a voice channel between IVS and PSAP.
3) EN 16102 - eCall - Operating requirements for third party support covers the same scope
for but for third party services in order to allow service providers to offer services
handling eCalls.
4) EN 15722 - eCall minimum set of data (MSD) specifies the content and format of the
data to be transferred by the IVS to the PSAP during an eCall.
5) CEN/TS 16454 - eCall end to end conformance testing sets out test procedures that allow
different actors in the eCall chain (vehicle/IVS, MNO, PSAP, TPSP) to claim
conformance to all above listed EN eCall standards without being able to control the
behavior of other actor.
The following ETSI standards have been referenced in the various eCall related documents:
• ETSI TS 102 164 (Version 1.3.1)
• ETSI TS 121 133 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 122 003 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 122 011 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 122 071 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 122 101 (Release 8)
• ETSI TS 124 008 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 124 123 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 126 267 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 126 268 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 126 269 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 127 007 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI TS 151 010 (Release 8 or later)
• ETSI EN 301 511
• ETSI EN 301 908