SMScom—Self-Managing
Situational Computing
Carlo Ghezzi
Politecnico di Milano
Deep-SE Group @ DEI
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
1
Imagine…
• A world, fully populated
by computationally rich
devices offering services
–
–
–
–
–
appliances
sensors/actuators
robots
…
computers
• New services produced by
composing existing
services in a situational
manner
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Imagine…
• Behaviors emerge
situationally, in a fully
automatic, self-organizing
manner
• Yet the provided services
must guarantee the
required dependability
level
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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What is "situation"?
• The (changing) context in which a service is to be offered
– type of user (preferences, knowledge, role, …)
– physical environment (space, time, …, light,
temperature, humidity, …)
– requirements, goals
• Changes occur frequently, systems must react to detected
changes by adapting their behavior
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Real-world cases (1)
• Business world: networked enterprises
– Agile federated organizations
• dynamic, goal-oriented, opportunistic federations
• reacting with fast responses to rapidly changing
requirements and changes in business world
– Changes require dynamic adaptation in the software
architecture
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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SOAs and web services
Interacting applications
belong to multiple
administrative domains
Web based interactions
based on standard
protocols
FOO
LOO
Many (and changing)
potential providers can
be found for each
required function
BOO
Como, 17-19 June 2009
Internal applications
exposed for external use
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
MOO
6
Real-world cases (2)
• The Internet of Things
– Physical objects become part of the system
• Ubiquitous/ pervasive computing settings
– Anywhere, anytime, anything
• Mobility is primary cause of situational change, ambient
intelligence requires self-*
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Where are the big challenges?
• Radical change in the run time, due to partial ownership of the
application
– Components may change without notice as an application provides
service
• Radical change in the way software engineering is understood and
practiced
– Traditionally, sharp separation between development time and run
time
• SE deals with development time
– requirements, design/composition, coding, testing
– modeling, verification
• Changes require switching from run time back to development time
where software is changed and validated
– The boundary is now disappearing
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Open vs. closed world
• Software increasingly lives in an open world
• Boundary between software and external world
changes continuously and often unpredictably
– Context in which software is situated changes
– Functions to offer depend on context
• Adaptation needed as software runs and provides
service
• The software process is also situated in an open world
– From components to services
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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What's new?
The disappearing boundary
• Validation extends to run time
• Models continue to live at run time to support
– Early discovery/prediction of violations
– Model-driven adaptation
• To deal with uncertainty, probabilistic models and
reasoning tools are key to situational computing
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Traditional model-driven view
Goals
Assumptions
Requirements
Use-case diagram
for main functionalities
Use Case Diagram
with reliability rqmts
Sequence diagram
describing logic flow,
user interactions
Markov model derived
from PIM annotated
with non-functional
aspects
QN model derived from
PSM+performance
parameters
Deployment diagram
describing mapping
onto physical resources
Code
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Situational adaptive software
Goals
Assumptions
Requirements
the
world
Code
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Logical view
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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The SMSproject
• Long-term focus, curiosity-driven
• Started January 2009, 5 years, 2.5MEURO
– no "deliverables", loose schedule
– 6 months start-up, 3x18-month iterations
• Goal: develop a "holistic view" of SMS computing
• Expected results
– young researchers
– papers
– publicly available prototypes
– case studies
– events (workshops, summer schools, …)
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Main research challenges
• Specification and modelling
– accessible to reasoning at run time, inferrable, …
• Verification
– monitoring, run-time/off-line verification, …
• Composition and change mechanisms
– self-adaptive/off-line, decentralized/orchestrated, …
• Middleware
– communication&coordination mechanisms to support run-time
activities
• Sensing&actuating environment
– interfacing the real world
• Security, identity management, trust
– mechanisms needed for an open-world setting
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Project areas
Baresi/Di Nitto
Tanca Monga Rossi/Mirandola/…
Cugola
Schreiber
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Preliminary results
• Hired 3 post-docs, 4 PhDs, more in the process
• Several publications, more in pipeline
• Common us cases, scenarios
– "big" events (like Expo) including social networking
cases
– emergency management
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Publications
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G. Cugola, A. Margara, and M. Migliavacca, "Context-Aware Publish-Subscribe: Model,
Implementation, and Evaluation". In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computers and
Communications (ISCC'09) Sousse, Tunisia, July 5 - 8, 2009.
G. Cugola and M. Migliavacca. "A Context and Content-Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Sensor
Networks". In Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN'09),
Cork, Ireland, February 11th-13th, 2009.
I. Epifani, C. Ghezzi, R. Mirandola, G. Tamburrelli, "Model Evolution by Run-Time Adaptation",
International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2009), Vancouver, May 2009.
C. Ghezzi, A. Mocci, M. Monga, " Synthesizing Intensional Behavior Models by Graph Transformation",
International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2009), Vancouver, May 2009.
D. Bianculli, W. Binder, L. Drago, C. Ghezzi. "ReMAN: A pro-active reputation management
infrastructure for composite web services". In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on
Software Engineering (ICSE'09), Vancouver, Canada, pages 623-626. IEEE Computer Society Press,
May 2009.
D. Bianculli, C. Ghezzi, C. Pautasso. Embedding continuous lifelong verification in service life cycles.
In Proceedings of Principles of Engineering Service Oriented Systems (PESOS 2009), co-located with
ICSE 2009, Vancouver, Canada, pages 99-102. IEEE Computer Society Press, May 2009.
C. Ghezzi, G. Tamburrelli, "Reasoning on Non Functional Requirements for Integrated Services", 17th
International Conference on Requirements Engineering, Atlanta, 31 August-4 September 2009.
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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Publications
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E. Di Nitto, D. Dubois, and R. Mirandola, Overlay Self-Organization for Traffic Reduction in MultiBroker Publish-Subscribe Systems, In the Proceedings of ICAC 2009 (short paper).
E. Di Nitto, D.J. Dubois and R. Mirandola,On Exploiting Decentralized Bio-inspired Self-Organization
Algorithms to Develop Real Systems, In the Proceedings of the SEAMS 2009 workshop (ICSE 2009
Companion Proceedings).
L.Baresi, D.Bianculli, S.Guinea, P.Spoletini, Keep It Small, Keep It Real: Effcient Run-Time Verification
of WebService Compositions, FMOODS/FORTE 2009, LNCS 5522, pp. 26—40.
Cappiello C., Schreiber F.A., Quality- and Energy-Aware Data Compression by Aggregation in WSN
Data StreamsProc. of the Seventh Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and
Communications (PerCom 2009), Galveston (Tx), pp. 634-639, 2009.
Antonio Miele, Elisa Quintarelli, Letizia Tanca : A methodology for preference-based personalization
of contextual data. EDBT 2009, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series , ACM 2009, pages
287-298.
Mirjana Mazuran, Elisa Quintarelli, Rosalba Rossato, Letizia Tanca: Mining Violations to Relax
Relational Database Constraints. To appear in proceedings of DAWAK 2009.
Mirjana Mazuran, Elisa Quintarelli, Letizia Tanca: Mining tree-based association rules from XML
documents . SEBD 2009 Proceedings
L. Baresi, P.L. Lanzi, M. Miraz, TestFul: using a Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm for Testing Stateful
Systems, Conference: GECCO'09.
M. Monga, R. Paleari, E. Passerini, A hybrid analysis framework for detecting web application
vulnerabilities, Proceedings of 5th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Secure
Systems ({SESS'09}, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2009.
Como, 17-19 June 2009
SMScom/SECO joint meeting
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