Name:
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Fall Semester 2014 Exam Review
1. The illustration below represents the Endosymbiotic Theory. Explain what is occurring in the diagram.
The Endosymbiotic Theory states that it started with 2 prokaryotic cells to make 1 eukaryotic cell.
(prokaryote + prokaryote = eukaryote)
2. What type of molecule would be most likely to travel across a cell membrane using the process of osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water.
3. The illustration above shows a sugar (glucose) molecule moving across a plasma membrane. Describe the
energy requirement for this process. Is this an example of active or
passive transport? How do you know?
It is passive transport because it is moving from a direction of
High to Low. So it requires no energy.
Name:
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Fall Semester 2014 Exam Review
4. The cell membrane is a thin, flexible boundary between a cell and its environment. All cells have cell
membranes. How does this membrane help maintain homeostasis within a cell?
The cell membrane allows molecules to move in and out of the cell to regulate homeostasis
(maintaining balance)
5. Lemurs’ bodies are adapted to efficiently store energy for times when food is scarce. This adaptation may
help to explain how lemur ancestors survived the trip across the Mozambique Channel from mainland
Africa to Madagascar. Which type of molecules is primarily used for long-term energy storage in the
lemur? Name 2 other places it’s found.
Lipids are used for long-term energy. Lipids can be found in the cell membrane, oils/waxes, and the
waxy top of a leaf called the cuticle.
6. What is the enzyme that unzips a DNA strand before replication called?
Helicase
7. What is one component of a protein that makes it different from the other three biomolecules?
It contains Nitrogen (N) and an R-Group
8. A portion of one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence shown below.
ACCTGAAGG
TGGACTTCC
Assuming there are no mutations in this portion of the DNA, what is the corresponding base pair sequence?
9. Explain the concept of semi-conservative replication of DNA. Draw a picture to illustrate.
Semi-conservative explains half old and half new. (½ old, ½ new)
10. Lactose is found in milk products. It is broken down in the body by several different enzymes. The diagram
below shows the series of reactions that convert lactose into a usable form.
If Enzyme 2 stops working, the levels of which substance will increase?
Galactose
11. Why are lipids good energy storage molecules?
They have lots of bonds, and bonds release energy when they are broken.
Name:
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Fall Semester 2014 Exam Review
12. Use the codon wheel above to translate the RNA strand below into the correct amino acid sequence:
AGG UAC UUG GAA
Arginine - Tyrosine – Leucine – Glutamic Acid
13. Mitosis is the process by which….The nucleus divides (PMAT)
14. Excessive radiation can be damaging to a cell’s DNA, resulting in a gene on the DNA strand that produces
the wrong proteins. Which term best describes the condition of the damaged DNA? A mutation
15. The image below represents the processes that a cell goes through during mitosis. The parent cell will
divide, creating two daughter cells. A student wishes to create a model of the mitotic process within a cell.
How many chromosomes should each of the daughter cells in the model contain? The same number.
Name:
Period:
Fall Semester 2014 Exam Review
16. In 1917 the biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan conducted studies in which he kept some caterpillars in the
dark and placed other under red, green, or blue lights. Exposure to red light produced butterflies with
brightly colored wings. Exposure to green light resulted in dark-colored wings. Exposure to blue light or no
light resulted in pale-colored wings. What was the most likely conclusion of Morgan’s research?
Environmental factors contributed to the different genes expressed.
17. A mutation is least likely to affect a cell when the mutation –produces a codon that codes for the same
amino acid as the original codon
18. The second phase of mitosis, where chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell, is called –
Metaphase
19. Cell differentiation is the process of a less specialized cell changing into a more specialized cell. What are 3
factors that affect cell differentiation?
Environmental factors, gene expression, and mutations.
20. During the cell cycle, the cell replicates its DNA. This step occurs during which phase?
S Phase (Synthesis)
21. The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide is known as –
The cell cycle
22. What is most responsible for carrying coded information from the nucleus into the cell?
mRNA
23. Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation
results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence
that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below.
Normal hemoglobin:
T-G-A-G-G-T-C-T-C-C-T-C
Sickle-cell hemoglobin:
T-G-A-G-G-T-C-A-C-C-T-C
What type of mutation is depicted in this sequence? Substitution Mutation (Point Mutation)
24. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. The hemoglobin molecules produced by
some people have one specific amino acid that is different from the amino acid at that position in normal
hemoglobin. Which is the most likely cause? Mutation
25. What is the product of the process of translation? Proteins
26. Explain why/how meiosis contributes to genetic variation. Happens during crossing over
Name:
Period:
Fall Semester 2014 Exam Review
27. What is the correct amino acid sequence produced by the DNA strand below?
TGA CCA GTA
ACU GGU CAU
Thr - Gly - His
28. In mussels, the allele for brown coloring is dominant and the allele for blue coloring is recessive. What
cross would produce only blue offspring? Parents that both homozygous recessive (bb x bb)
29. The expected phenotypic ratio of two heterozygous parents in a dihybrid cross is – 9:3:3:1
30. If a man with blood type AB marries a woman who is heterozygous for type A blood (AO), what is the
probability that they will have child with blood type B? 25% chance of having offspring with Type B
blood.
31. Tomato plants usually have hairy stems. Hairless stems are present in tomato plants that are homozygous
recessive for this trait. What is the expected phenotypic outcome of crossing two tomato plants that are
heterozygous for hairy stems?
The phenotypic ratio will be 3 hairy stems: 1 hairless stems (3:1)
32. If a diploid carrot cell contains 18
chromosomes, how many chromosomes will
be present in each daughter cell after mitosis?
18