Liberalism
朴世峻
3130300060
[email protected]
Basic Liberal Assumption
• 1. A positive view of human nature
• 2. A conviction that international relations can be cooperative
rather than conflictual
• 3. A belief in progress
View of state
• Liberalists
• Realists
★establishes and enforces
★concentration and
the rule of law that respects
instrument of power
the rights of citizens to life,
--Machtstaat
liberty and property
(权威实体)
--Rechtsstaat
(宪政实体)
Human
Progress
Human
reason
Cooperation
The process of modernization: development of the modern
state
Four main strands of liberal thinking
Sociological
Liberalism
Interdependence
Liberalism
Institutional
Liberalism
Republican
Liberalism
Sociological Liberalism
• Sociological liberals highlight transnational nongovernmental
ties between societies.
Billard balls collide
Cobweb of groups:
conflicts muted
Interdependence Liberalism
• Interdependence liberals pay particular attention to economic
ties of mutual exchange and mutual dependence between
peoples and government.
• basically these liberals argue that a high division of labour in
the international economy increases interdependence
between states, and that discourages and reduces violet
conflict between states.
Types of international relations
Realism
• states dominant actors and
coherent units
• force usable and effective
• military security
dominatesthe agenda
Complex Interdependence
Liberalism
• transnational actors
increasingly important states
not coherent units
• military force less usable,
economic and institutional
instruments more useful
• military security less
important. welfare issues
increasingly important
Institutional Liberalism
• Institutional Liberals underscore the importance of organized
cooperation between state.
• Institutional Liberals claim that international institutional help
promote cooperation between states.
Institutional Liberalism: The role of institutions
• Provide a flow of information and opportunities negotiate
• Enhance the ability of governments to monitor others'
complience and to implement their own commtiments hence their ability to make credible commitments in the first
place
• strengthen prevailing expectations about the solidity of
international agreements
Republican Liberalism
• Republican liberals argue that liberal democratic constitutions
and forms of government are of vital importance for inducing
peaceful and cooperative relations between states.
• most republican liberals emphasize that democratic peace is a
dynamic process rather than a fixed condition.
Republican Liberalism:Three conditions of peace
among liberal democracies
1
democratic norms of
peaceful resolution of conflict
2
peaceful relations between democratic states,
based on a common moral foundation
3
economic cooperation between democracies:
tiesof interdependence
Neorealist Critiques of Liberalism
Neorealism
Liberalism
Interest on the structure of the system
Interest on the cooperation, progress
Interested on security
Interested on peace, freedom
Believes in defining strategies to
approach conflict on international
relations
Believes in Human reason to be helpful
in the process of modernization
Power is balanced
Cooperation
Bipolar system
• Basic Assumption
– A positive view of human nature
– A conviction that international relations can be cooperative rather than conflictual
– A belief in progress
• Sociological Liberalism
– Sociological liberals highlight transnational nongovernmental ties between societies.
• Interdependence Liberalism
– Interdependence liberals pay particular attention to economic ties of mutual
exchange and mutual dependence between peoples and government.
• Institutional Liberalism
– Institutional Liberals underscore the importance of organized
cooperation between state.
• Republican Liberalism
– Republican liberals argue that liberal democratic constitutions and
forms of government are of vital importance for inducing peaceful and
cooperative relations between states.
• Neorealist Critiques of Liberalism
– Liberals react differently to these neorealist objections. One group of
"Weak Liberals“ accepts several neorealist claims. Another group,
"Strong Liberals", maintains that the world is changing in fundamental
ways are in line with liberal expectation.
Thank you~