ANALYSIS OF THE ATTACK TEMPO IN DIFFERENT GAME COMPLEXES IN HIGH-STANDARD MEN’S VOLLEYBALL
Hileno, R.1, Salas, C.1, Buscà, B.2
1:
INEFC (Lleida, Spain), 2: FPCEE Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University (Barcelona, Spain)
Introduction
The tempo of the setting pass is a relevant factor for block
construction and attack efficacy in high-standard volleyball.1,2 In
modern volleyball, game is categorized in five game complexes (KI to
K5) taking the first ball contact of the team as a reference (Figure 1).3
In the second ball contact, the setter builds the attack of the team
depending on the game complex and the rally development. The aim
of the study was to examine the differences in attack tempo between
the different game complexes.
Figure 2. Frame by frame analysis was performed using the video analysis software
Kinovea (Charmant & Contrib., Bordeaux, France, release 0.8.17).
Results
Figure 1. Flow of actions in the game complexes.
Methods
1418 actions were recorded and analyzed from a randomized sample
of the 2010 Panamerican Cup male tournament, held in San Juan
(Puerto Rico). Frame by frame analysis was performed to determine
the attack tempo while attack was completed (Figure 2). To compare
attack tempo means for different game complexes, the nonparametric
two-sided Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples was used.
All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Statistical
significance was set at P < 0.05.
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[email protected]
Figure 3. Comparison of the attack tempo in different game complexes. ***P < 0.001.
Mean time (±SD) of the attack tempo in K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 were
0.97±0.37, 1.39±0.34, 1.34±0.40, 1.31±0.25 and 1.06±0.15 s,
respectively. We found significant differences between attack tempos in
K1 and K2, K1 and K3, and K1 and K4 (P < 0.001; Figure 3). Moreover,
we found significant differences between K5 and K2, K5 and K3 and K5
and K4 (P < 0.001; Figure 3).
tempo of K1 and K5, we didn’t found significant differences of the
mean values but different SD. This high level of dispersion could be
explained by the differences in the quick tempos. In K5, quick tempos
are played farther from the setter, respect K1 tendency.
Discussion
References
Performance and game structure are conditioned by the game complex.
Thus, an specific training for the different characteristics of each
complex is required.4 In the present study, we didn’t find differences
between the attack tempos used in K1 and K5, by one side,
and between K2, K3 and K4, by the other side (Figure 3). Therefore,
training the attack tempo grouping K1-K5 and K2-K3-K4 could be a
good strategy for attack performance improvement. Observing the attack
1. Afonso, J., & Mesquita, I. (2011). Determinants of block cohesiveness and attack
efficacy in high-level women’s volleyball. Eur J Sport Sci, 11(1), 69-75.
2. Buscà, B., & Febrer, J. (2012). Temporal fight between the middle blocker and the
setter in high level volleyball. Rev Int Med Cienc AC, 12(46), 313-327.
3. Hileno, R., & Buscà, B. (2012). Obsertavional tool for analyzing attack coverage in
volleyball. Rev Int Med Cienc AC, 12(47), 557-570.
4. Palao, J. M. (2001). Incidencia de las rotaciones sobre el rendimiento del ataque y el
bloqueo en voleibol (Doctoral thesis, University of Granada, Granada, Spain).