SPT: Hierarchical Agent Control: A Framework For Defining Agent Behavior !#"$%'&(*)+,.-&/)0%123))546% Marc S. Atkin Gary W. King David L. Westbrook University of Massachusetts 140 Governor’s Lane Amherst, MA 01003 University of Massachusetts 140 Governor’s Lane Amherst, MA 01003 University of Massachusetts 140 Governor’s Lane Amherst, MA 01003 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 7980:<;>=':?@?+A83=!AB@/CEDGF:$H5IKJMLH5I.?+LCEDN?+A80=!I+:%A%I+O0?+:QP;RDGJNS=!TU@ F/:$H3:?@/CEI+L5LC!VW=!IYXZL/?[T.\:$A$=]XZ^=!H3F_@/H`@F:$H5IBa TYb:$8@BcW=!L/?Bde;RDGJ T.O0\3\L?.I+T@/A%I+=!LH@/b0TfI.?@/A%I+=!LHgM?+:$T.L/O0?+A$:Kh@H@F:$hi:$H5IBgjT.:$H0T.L/? =!H5I+:$F?@I+=!LHgk@HlK=!Tnm9:$C!CoT.O3=]I+:BlpI+LqA$LH5I.?+L/C'C!=!H3FC'@?+F:*HO0h*b:%?+T LXr@F:$H5I+Tn=!Hsl^H@hi=!At:%HcW=]?+LH0hi:$H5I+T$dnuvIn?+:$C!=!:$TRL/H[I+8?+:$:t83=!:%?.w @x?+A80=!:$T$yz@A%I+=!LHg{T.:$H3T.L?Bgo@/H3lsA$L/H5I+:%|WIBdU7980:@/A%I+=!L/H 83=!:%?@x?+A85^ A%LH5I.?+LC!TRI+83:*@/F/:$H5IBa T}b:%8@BcW='L?BdEu2I}=!T}L?+F@/H0=!~$:Bl<@x?+LO0HlpI@/T.VWT I+Lb:i@/A%A$Lhi\0C'=!T.80:BlgH3LI}I+83:z@F:$H5I+T}I+83:%hiT.:$C!c:$T$d*7983=!T}X@/A%='C]w =]I@xI+:$TiI+83:U=!H5I+:$F?@I+=!LH_LXRhO3C]I+=]w@F:$H5I@A%I+=!LH0T@/HlQ\3C'@/H0H3=!H3F =!H5I+LI+80:}@?+A83=]I+:$AI+O0?+:d7983:nT.:$H3T.L?>80=!:%?@?+A85^\0?+LxcW=#l:$TN@*\?+='Hw A%='\0C!:BlKhi:B@/H0TGXZL/?RTfI.?+O0A%I+O0?+=!H0FzI+83:EA$Lhi\0C!:%|=!I2^ULXo?+:B@l='H0Fq@/Hl I.?@H3TfXZL/?+hi=!H3FRT.:%H3T.L/?j=!H0XZL/?+h@xI+='L/Hdoj@/A8*C!:$c:$C0LX3I+80:983=!:%?@x?+A85^ =!H5I+:$F?@I+:$TI+80:jl3@I@rA$L/hi=!H3Fr=!HRXZ?+L/h I+83:o:$HWcW=]?+LH0hi:$H5I=!H5I+LrA$L/H0w A%:$\0I+O3@/C{A8O0H3VWT>@/\3\?+L\?+=#@xI+:tXZL/?}O0T.:*b5^K@A%I+=!LH0T}@IRI+80=!TnC!:$c:$Cd DGA%I+=!LH0T}@/H3l[T.:$H0T.L/?+TE@x?+:*mr?+=]I.I+:$HsO0T.=!H3FI+83:*T+@hi:tXZL/?+h@C'=!T.hpd 7980:>A%LH5I+:%|WIM80=!:%?@?+A85^i=!T9@}83=!:%?@x?+A85^iLXF/L@C'T$duH@/l3l=!I+=!L/HI+L I+80:$=]?G\0?+=!h@?.^qFL@/C!T$ghiL/TfIG@/A%I+=!LH0Tn@x?+:}T.=!h*O3C]I@H3:$L/O3T.C]^I.?.^=!H3F I+Lt@A80=':%c:n@}T.:%I9L/X=!hi\3C!=!A$=]Ir@/T.T.O0hi\0I+=!LH0T$do7983:%T.:R@/T.T.O0hi\0I+=!LH0T @x?+:Nh@l0::%|\3C!=!A$=]II+8?+LO0F8I+80:9A$L/HWI+:|Io80=!:%?@?+A85^z@Hl\?+Lxc='l: I+80:NA$LH5I+:%|WIjO3H3l0:%?omN83=!A8zI+83:G@/F/:$H5IML/\:%?@I+:%T$dj<:r8@Bc:Gl0:%c:$C]w L/\:Bl<@\3C'@/H0H3:%?BgknnDn0kg=!hi\3C!:$hi:$H5I+:BlpmN=]I+83=!Hs;RDGJ>gmN83=!A8 =!TGAB@/\3@/b0C':}LXk?+:$T.L/C'cW=!H3FihO3C]I+=!\3C!:RF/L@/C!TG=!HU?+:B@/CI+=!hi:d ;nDGJ mr@/TE=!H5I+:$Hl:BlKI+LU8@Bc:mN=#l:i@/\0\3C!=!AB@/b0=!C'=]I2^5diu2IE83@/T}b:$:$H O0T.:Bl[I+LUA$LH5I.?+LC@/F/:$H5I+T}=!H A$Lhihi:?+A$='@/CoA$Lhi\0O0I+:%?RF@/hi:%TE@/Hl \085^0T.=!AB@Ck?+LbLI+T$dtnO0?n\0?+=!h@?.^Y@\3\0C'=!AB@xI+=!LHsl0Lh@=!H[=!T}@T.=!hzw O0C'@I+L/?ELX9C'@/H3lwvb@T.:Blshi=!C!=]I@?.^Y:$H0F@F:$hi:$H5I+TRA$@/C!C!:BlsJ9@/\0I+O?+: I+80:NkC'@/Fdj;RDGJ>aTjT.=!hO3C'@I+=!LH*T.O3b3TfI.?@xI+:rhiLWl0:$C!To\385^T.=!A$Tj@I@/H @b3TfI.?@A%I}C!:$c:$CdE;nD>JT.O3\0\L/?.I+TR@H5^Yl0L/h@/=!HY='HKmN80='A8[b:$8@Bc5w =!L?+T9AB@/Hqb:N?+:Bl0O0A$:Bl*[email protected]@C!CT.:%I9LX\?+=!hi=!I+=!c:N:%:%A%I+L/?+T9T.O0A8 @TKN3_@/H3l0+f33dD9II+80='TI+=!hi:[l0:%3H3=!H3F@F:$H5I b:%8@BcW='L?*?+:B 5O0=!?+:%Tz¡=!T.\¢\?+LF/?@hihi=!H3FKT.VW=!C'C!T$£9mM:U@x?+:hiLxcW=!H3F I+LBm9@?l0TGhiL/?+:nF/?@/\083=!AB@C\0?+L/F/?@hihi='H0F*C'@/H0FO3@/F:%T$d ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION N¤ ¥,¦§¨xª©¬«¯®t°3±k²$§¨x¯²Be¤N³,°3¦e´ °3¥µ¬¶®t²$¤n·B¸ «tW¨¹°0¨x¹²ºt²$W°3¢»*W°¼½° ° µ§soW¨ ¾q 0¿À °3k³,¢§kµk¥,²B°µk´Á{°3¦p²%±k¨x²$¼²/¸«Â¹3±jW¨x°3²%¢µ° °3±½ºik¥¼½° ´¥ZÃMW¨xµ²[²Â±o<¾²$W¨x¨°3¥µ¸Ä«9W¨x¨x°¥µ ¥µÁo§0µ¼z 0¿ µ²E$±jW´Å°3µk´¾v¨¢zk°3¨x¨¥,W¨»o²$W¨xÀ ¨x°¥µ¢°³$K°ÃM¼²$t§µk¥,²E¿¥B¥,{¥³¥,²Â¸NÆÇ²$W°Èºi¥µk}ºiµ¢¥,² ¼°0±k²B§¨xz°³³9¥,²$*±k±oµµ²É'*Á{°0¦¸ G:$F@x?l0C!:$T.TKL/XtI+83:<l0L/h@/=!Hgn@/F/:$H5IYl0:$T.=!F/H3:%?+TKhO3TfIqX@/A%:<I+83: T+@/hi:tVW=!Hl0T>L/X\0?+L/b3C!:$hiT$yN\0?+L5A%:$T.T.=!H3FUT.:%H3T.L/?R='HX,L?+h@I+=!LHg?+:w @/AI+='H0FKI+Ls@pA8@H3F/='H0FY:$HWc=]?+L/H3hi:$H5It=!H@UI+='hi:%C!^<h@/H0H3:%?Bg{=!Hw I+:$F?@I+=!H3Fz?+:B@A%I+=!c:}@HlUA$L/FH0=!I+=!c:}\?+L5A$:$T.T.:$TrI+Li@A80=!:$c:E@/HU@/bw TfI.?@/AIMF/L@/CgW=!H5I+:%?+C!:B@BcW='H0FE\3C'@/H0H3=!H3F}@Hlz:%|:$A%O0I+=!LHg5l0=!TfI.?+=!b3OI+:Bl A$L/HWI.?+L/Cg@/C!C!LxmN=!H0FA$LWl:G?+:%O3T.:NmN=!I+80=!H@/Hli@A%?+LT.T9l0Lh@=!H3T$gW@Hl O3T.=!H0F*A$L/hi\3O0I@xI+=!LH@C?+:$T.LO?+A$:$TN:%ÊiA%=':%HWI+C]^5dk<:n83@xc:nb:$:$Hl0:w c:$C!L/\3=!H3FQ@/H @/F/:$H5IK@x?+A80=!I+:%A%I+O0?+:YI+8@xIpC!:%I+TpO0Tp@l0l?+:$T.TqI+83:$T.: 2. AFS: THE ABSTRACT FORCE SIMULATOR 7980:}\3O?+\LT.:RLXjDnoi='TG@C'C!LBm O3TrI+L*T.=!h*O0C'@I+:}@*c/@?+=!:%I2^qL/XolL/w h @=!H3T>I+83@InAB@/HYb:tA83@?@/AI+:%?+=!~$:BlYbW^p@/F/:$H5I+TRhiLxc=!H0F@/HlY@\0w \0C]^0=!H0FqXZL/?+A$:dtD>o?+:$\0?+:%T.:$H5I+T}@/F/:$H5I+T}@/b0TfI.?@/A%I+C]^5g@/T%+b3C!L/b3T$g mN80=!A8p83@Bc:}@zT.h@/C!CT.:%IGL/X{\085^0T.=!AB@CXZ:B@I+O?+:$T$g=!H3A%C'O3l0=!H3F*h@/T.T$g c:$C!L5A$=]I^5gXZ?+=!A%I+=!L/Hg?@l='O0T$g@I.I@/AVpTfI.?+:$H0F/I+8g@/HlpT.LqLHd &MC!L/b3T A$@/H_:$=]I+80:%?b:KhiLWl0:$C!:BlQ@/T83@xcW=!H3F @sO3H0=]X,L/?+hÈ[email protected]:$H0T.=!I2^5g L?rm9:>AB@/HqO3T.:n@t\3@?.I+=!A$C!:%wvT.\0?+=!H3FhiLWl0:$CI+LE?+:$\?+:$T.:$H5IN@?+b0=]I.?@?.^ T.83@/\:$TmN83=!A8QAB@Hl:%X,L?+h @/H3l ?+:Bl0=!TfI.?+=!b3OI+:qI+80:$=]?ih@/T.TPT.:$: @C!T.LD>\3\:%Hl0=]|qDEd Sd D¹b0C'L/b='T9@/Hq@/b0TfI.?@/A%IrO0H3=]IB£W=]I9A$L/O3C'lb:n@H@x?+h^5gW@}T.L/C#l=!:%?BgL/? @}\L/C'=]I+=!AB@C:$H5I+=]I^5d{oc:%?.^b3C!L/bi8@/[email protected]@/C!C3T.:IMLX\?+=!hi=!I+=!c:N@A%w I+=!L/H3T*=]I*AB@/H\:%?.XZL/?+hpgj( 'Z) '+*('!G3g{03g@/Hl - , .0/W 1 ,d DGC'CGL/I+80:%?qb:$8@BcW=!L/?+Tq@?+:Yb0O3=!C]IqX#?+LhÈI+83:%T.: \?+=!hi=!I+=!c:%T$dj<:RAB@HUI.?@/H0TfX,L/?+hÇD>oXZ?+L/h @*b3=!C!C!='@?lpb@C!CT.=!hzw O0C'@I+L/?=!H5I+L @[l0=!cW=!T.=!LHC!:$c:$CNhi='C!=]I@?.^:%H3F@F:$hi:%HWIzT.='hO3C'@I+L? 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HAC: HIERARCHICAL AGENT CONTROL DGH='hi\L?.I@/H5IU@/T.\:$A%IpL/X*@/H5^@/F/:$H5IY@?+A83=]I+:$AI+O0?+:[='TU83LBmª=]I h@H@F:$TRI+80:5LBm LX9=!H0XZL/?+h@I+=!L/H<b:%I2m9:$:$Hs@/F/:$H5I+TE@/H3ls\@x?.I+T Domainspecific actions Primitive Actions Harass control, context Physical Schemas Mobile Offense errors, messages \?+Lb0C':%hiT$g3AB@C!C':$l%1f)1""+)5 3,1MP;RDGJNSd ;nDGJAB@Hzb:NcW=':m9:Bli@TM@RT.:%IL/XC'@/H0FO3@/F:GA$L/[email protected]\w \L?.IGhi:$A83@/H0='T.hiT9XZL/?nl0:$T.A?+='b0=!H3Fi@F:$H5IGb:$8@BcW=!L/?Bdj;RDGJI@/V:$T A$@?+:nLXI+83:Nhi:$A8@/H0=!A$TLX:|0:%A$O0I+=!H3FRI+80:NA$LWl0:NI+8@xIMA$L/H5I.?+LC!Tr@/H @F:$H5IBg0\@T.T.='H0F*hi:$T.T+@F:$Trb:Im9:%:$Hp@A%I+=!LH3T$g0A$L5L?l0=!H@xI+='H0F*hO3C]w I+=!\0C':@/F/:$H5I+T$g@?+b3=]I.?@xI+='H0FK?+:$T.LO?+A$:UA$L/H 3='AI+T*b:%I2m9:$:$H@F:$H5I+T$g @HlqO3\l3@xI+=!H3FtT.:$H3T.L?>c/@/C!O0:$T$djD>C]I+83L/O3F/8L/O0?N\0?+=!h@x?.^@/\0\3C!=!AB@w I+=!L/Hp8@T>b:$:%Hp@zhi=!C!=!I@x?.^qT.='hO3C'@I+=!L/HpTf^TfI+:$hÄAB@/C!C!:Bl J9@/\0I+O?+: I+80:UkC'@F PT.:%:pk=!FO?+: U@/HlDG\3\:$H3l0=]|¢DEd xSgM;nDGJ 83@/T @C!T.LÅb:$:%H@/\3\0C!=':$lI+L¢T.O3A8l0Lh@=!H3T@/TqA$Lhihi:%?+A%=#@CnF@/hi:$T$g hO3C]I+=]w2@/F:%HWInT.=!h*O3C'@xI+='L/H3T$g@/H3ls@A%I+O@C{\385^T.=!AB@/Ck?+L/bL/I+T$d p@/H5^ LXI+83:rlLh@='H0T{;RDGJ<8@Tob:$:$H*O0T.:BltmN=]I+8*mM:%?+:rhiLWl0:%C':$lO3T.=!H0F @qT.=!h*O3C'@xI+='L/HsT.O0b3TfI.?@xI+:m9:8@Bc:tA%?+:B@xI+:BlgI+83: %,1f)"B! 1f" " ,(*&])# /1P D>oSd u2H<I+83=!T}\3@/\:%?BgkmM:zmN=!C'C9l0:$T.A%?+=!b:zI+80:zh@ $fL/?tX,:B@xI+O0?+:$TtL/X9;RDGJ @HlYDnogO3T.=!H3FiI+80:zJ9@\0I+O0?+:tI+83:kC'@/F<PvJIjSNl0L/h@/=!HKX,L/?E=!C]w C!O0TfI.?@I+=!LHdM;n@xcW=!H3F*l0L/H3:nI+80='T$gm9:E@C!T.Lil0=!T.A$O0T.TGI+80:RC!:$T.T.LH0TNmM: C!:B@x?+H3:BlYl:$c:$C!L\0=!H3Fi;RDGJ>g@/HlUXZO0I+O?+:t\0C'@/H3TNX,L?nI+80:@x?+A80=]I+:$A%w I+O?+:d7980:K@/\0\:$Hl=!|¢I+L[I+83:p\3@/\:%?C!=!TfI+TiI+83:LH3C!=!H3:KhiLxcW=!:$T$g mN80=!A8p80=!F83C!=!F85IGV:%^XZ:B@I+O?+:$TNL/X{I+83:n;RDGJ_@/\0\3C!=!AB@I+=!LHd Follow Attack Move-to-Point Move Move ... ... 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" K G1U " ) [ $Z 5 " r]) -UN " %(*+g\3@/F/:$T KZ Z 5g Wd Y 45sd30?+:$:Bl(d p@H@/F/=!H3Fih*O0C]I+='\0C!:nI@/T.VWTN=!HpA$Lhi\0C!:%|g l^H3@/hi=!An:$HWcW=]?+LH0hi:$H5I+T$d0u2H 91B"+.- U J }#0 ; % + # })U #3)9 $%1. 3" G1%U " ) [ $Z 5 "%g\3@/F/:$T N ! N 5?g p@l='T.L/Hg0¹u0g ZWd YK 5sd3{dn:$L?+F:%<@/H3lUMd3Md3u2H3F/?@Hl-d 3R:%A$=!T.='L/H0wvh@/VW=!H3F=!H @/HU:$h*b:Bl0l0:Bli?+:[email protected]=!H0FzTf^TfI+:$hpd3u2H 91B"+.- U E# r! W # [3 %[1 3)U #3)# "QV K$%1f " G1U " ,) [ $Z 5 "%g\3@/F/:$T KZ0g 3n:%I.?+L=]IBIg U='A83=!F@/H?g KZ d DnD>D>uo?+:%T.T$0g U:$H0C'L{@x?+VgJ9DEd YD5sd3{dn:$L?+F:%<@/H3lUDtd3¡jd3¡@H3T.V5^5d0o?+L5A%:Bl0O?@/C VWH3LBmNC!:Bl0F/:$d 91B"+.- UN t# " 0." ) ++&05 %J-'&N!.- 5 N21.% )U #3g 3P 5Sy Z I ZWg KZ Wd Y 5sd3{dn:$L?+F:%<@/H3lUDtd3¡jd3¡@H3T.V5^5d>:$@/A%I+=!c:n?+:$@/T.LH0=!H3F @/H3l\0C#@H3H0='H0F0d3u(H r1FB"+.- UNJ }#0 " # })U #3) $%1. 3"5 G1%U j" ) [ $, Y5 "%g\3@/F:%T ZWd Uuf7{?+:$T.T$g Z Wd 8. [J REFERENCES ,U ] W X W "] "] W W ] U W W X U X E] X ]X X ] X W W W W Y/X4J&>d3;>:$:%?+=!H3F@i@/H3lUkd3Ed3JML80:$Hd3D>HO3Hl:%?+C]^='H0F*hiLWl:$C X,L/?>l:%X,:B@xInhi:%A83@/H3=!T.hiT$dWu2H91B "++-KU J} #0)5 444 2U3 %1 " , (&])U# $ %1. 3 "%g0 Wd Y ]E td0¡:%c=!H0T.LHd3DF/:$H3:%?@C\?+LF?@/hihi=!H3FC#@H3F/O@/F/:}X,L/? O3H3=]3:Bl\0C#@H3H0='H0Fz@HlUA$L/H5I.?+LCd0G 1U j" ) [3 $, 5 3 "%g 0P wF Sy W W ]5g; ]Wd Y D *3 d(U A R3 :%?+hiL/I.IBd07?@H3TfXZL/?+h@I+=!L/H@/C\3C'@/H0H3=!H3F*L/Xk?+L/bL/I b:$8@BcW=!L/?Bd37:$A83H3=!AB@CG:$\L?.I+M* Dn¡^UJr3 G, XBg 9* @C': U>H3=!c:%?+T.=]I2^5g n:%m ;R@Bc:%Hg3J97ngIR3 :%Ad? W d Y z d¡odI ^:%?+T$dD \0?+L5A$:BlO0?@CVWH3LBmNC!:BlF:E@/\0\0?+L@/A8UI+L I@/T.V5wvC':%c:$CA$LH5I.?+LCd0uHr1FB "+.-UN J} #0 , 1[ %1X )U#K ) K$ %1f " G 1U " , ) [3 $, 5 " N])-UN " %(g\@/F/:$T ]4ZI ]5g d YZDt ¡jd\:$A%I+L?G@/H3l(3 d0;n:$H3l0C!:%?Bd37983:}O3T.:nL/XoT.O3\:?+c:$H3=!:$H0A$: ='Hpl^H@hi='AwvmML/?+C'l\3C'@/H0H3=!H3Fd3u2H(z d0;R@/hihiL/Hlg5:Bl0=]I+L?Bg r1FB "+.-UN J 0 " +" 3 - [3 %1[3 )U#3 )9$ %1. 3 " G 1%U j" ) [ $, Y5 " r])-U " %(*+g\3@/F:%T ]KZI W g X0d Y DE td3WIBd3D>h@H5IBd- .- [- U )UUW r])-U 1B )" #- Y 1)# 1 ))7 3 ) XZ d3o8-` 3 I+83:%T.='T$g&UnH0=!c:%?+T.=]I^ L/X;p @T.T+@/A8O0T.:%.I.I+T$gDGhi83:%?+TfIBg( WdD>C!T.Li@Bc/@/=!C'@/b0C':t@T I+:$A80H3=!AB@C?+:$\L?.InJ!p M0JMu2w xw WW d D d¡od5I+:$:$C!: ?Bd; (*(/ , / )N &)5 %dIR3 =!F/=!I@C o?+:$T.T$g3T.:$A$L/HlU:Bl=]I+='L/Hg d [ *3 drd¹=!C'VW=!H3T$d091f)"BU "+)1N])-UN5 2 -Q U #0 o ])+X, ")( 3r])-UN-r)1f)-K (*dIU L/?+F@/HE @/OX,h@H3Hg ZKZ d *3 drd¹=!C'VW=!H3T$g4z d3¡jdI ^5:%?+T$g43 d-3 d¡Lxmr?@H3A$:/g@/H3lU¡odkd :$T.C!:%^5d0oC#@H3H0='H0F@/H3lq?+:B@A%I+=!H3Fi=!HUO0H3A$:%?.I@=!HK@/H3l l^H@hi='A>:$HWcW=!?+L/H3hi:$H5I+T$d$" &W1X )?+ 0%1X, (i 3 )k)3 1.$U "+)0 g Px Sy BK Wg ]5d 0 ¤N¥,¦§¨x }«Y®t²B¤ B¥<§k³,°0²$¨*¼¢ °µ´Q±k°3³,W²$²$ APPENDIX A. ONLINE DEMOS <:¹8@Bc:_\?+:$\@x?+:Bl 3c:_T.83L?.IQhiLcW=!:$TT.83LBmMAB@/T.=!H3F c/@?+=!L/O3T @T.\:$A%I+T¢LXU;nD>J @/H3l Dnogn?+O3H3H0=!H3F=!H I+80:_JIel0Lh@=!Hd 7980:$T.:hiLxcW=!:$T @x?+:_@Bc/@/=!C'@/b3C!:ÅLH I+83: L/?+C'l`¹='l0: :%b @xI W !Z"$#&W(*)+%Z+-/&/)0%1v))546/dDÄT.80L/?.Iil:$T.A%?+=!\0I+=!L/H LXo:B@/A8UXZLC!C!LxmNT$d @?jF@hiThe :$T{=!H‘Capture J9@/\I+O0?+:MI+80:rthe kC'@/FEFlag’ @x?+:r\3C'@$Interface ^5:Bl=!H*@ncW=!?.I+O3@/C5m9L?+C'l LX .H3:B@x?+C!^¢I+8?+:$:pl=!hi:$H3T.=!LH0T.0yuHQ@l0l0=]I+=!LHI+LsC'@xI+=!I+O3l0:U@/Hl C!L/H3F=]I+O3l0:}m9:E8@Bc:n:$C!:$c@xI+=!LHg@/C]I+83L/O3F/8Y@/C!C80='C!C!T>@?+:}I+83:}T+@hi: 80:$=!F85IBdjn\0\LT.=!H3FGC'@/Hlt@/H3l@=]?oO3H3=]I+T@I.I+:$hi\II+LnA$@/\0I+O?+:M:B@A8 LI+83:%?BaT@/FT$d7983:^AB@/HQ:%|\3C!L=]IL?b:U83=!H3l0:%?+:Bl¢b5^ I+:%?.?@=!H XZ:B@I+O?+:$TMT.O0A8z@/TM80=!C'C!T$g5?+=!c:%?+T$g5@/HltI+:%?.?@/=!HiI^\:$ToT.O3A8i@TX,L?+:$TfI @HlETfmr@hi\d{7980:9lW^0H3@/hi=!A$TL/X:%H3F@F:$hi:%HWI+Tk@?+:9=!H 3O3:$H0A$:Bl}b5^ hiLWl:$C!TzL/XR\3Tf^A80LC!LF/=!AB@/CNX@A%I+L/?+T ÅX,:B@x?BgNhiL/?@C':/gMX@xI+=!FO3:p@/Hl I+80:}C!='V:d n\0\LT.=!H3F O3H0=]I+TsAB@H b:ÅA$L/H5I.?+LC!C!:Bl½b5^8O0h@/H0TsL? b5^I+80: n>DR[\0C'@/H3H0:%?Bg5@Hl@nA$LhihiL/HA%LH03FO?@I+=!LHz=!T{X,L?j8O0h@/H0T I+LU\3C'@$^<@F@='H0TfI*nnDn0kdD½H3@I+O0?@C=!H5I+:%?.X,@/A$:@C'C!LBmNT*8WO0h@/H \0C'@B^:%?+TI+Ll0=]?+:$A%II+83:$=]?MO3H3=]I+TLHiI+83:[email protected]+C'::$C'lg@Hl*I+80:>O0H3=]I+T I+80:$hiT.:$C!c:$TU@?+:sAB@/\3@/b3C!:sL/X='H5I+:$C!C!=!F:$H5Ip?+:$@/A%I+=!c:[b:$8@BcW=!L/?pI+L A$@?.?.^pL/O0Inl0=]?+:$A%I+=!c:%T>mN=]I+83L/O0I>A$LH0TfI@/H5InT.O0\:%?+cW=!T.='L/HP:dF0d!gLH0: A$@/H_l=]?+:$A%Iq@<O0H3=]IzI+L @xI.I@/AVQ@/H3LI+83:%?q@HlQ=!IimN=!C!CNFO?+:pLOI 80LBm b:$TfII+L[F/:%IzI+80:%?+:g{mN83=!A8¢X,L/?+h@xI+=!LH3TI+Ls@/l0L/\0IBg@/H3l T.L L/HSdD>AI+='L/H3TN@Bc/@/=!C'@/b3C!:}I+LzO0H3=]I+Tr=!H3A$C!Ol:y ULxc:nI+Li@*C!L5AB@xI+=!LHg L5A%A$O3\5^¢P l:%X,:$H3lS>@C!L5AB@I+=!L/Hg?+:%I@/=!Hs%@ @/F0gb0C'L5AVgX,LC!C!LBm @/Hl @T.T.O3hi:gXZLC!C!LBm@HlKT.O3\0\L/?.IBgXZL/?.mr@x?l[\3@/T.T+@F:zLXMC!=!H3:gl=!?+:%A%I @xI.I@/AVg3=!Hl=]?+:$A%I>@I.I@AV[P:dF0d!gb5^q@x?.I+='C!C!:%?.^Sd J9@\0I+O?+:nI+83:}kC'@Fz\0?+LxcW='l0:$T9C'@HlU@Hl@/=]?NA$Lhb@xIrO3H0=!I+TrLXI+80: XZLC!C!LBmN='H0FzI^\:$T$yj7k@H3Vg U:$A8@H3=!~$:BlquH0X,@/H5I.?.^5g¡=!F/8WINu2H0X,@/H5I.?.^5g J9@Bc/@/C]?.^5gWDN?.I+='C!C!:%?.^5gW@HliDGc='@xI+='L/Hdo7980:NT.h@/C!C!:$TfI9O0H3=]I+T=!HqJ9@\0w I+O?+:I+80:pkC'@/F<@?+:[email protected]@C'=!L/H3T$g9I+80:UC'@?+F/:$TfIBgNl0=!cW=!T.=!LH3T$d >H3=]I+T 83@Bc:iC!='hi=]I+:Bl T.:%H3T.L/?+T$gj@Hl C!=!hi=]I+:Bl<VWH3LBmNC!:Bl0F/:L/XNI+83:[email protected]+C!:%w 3:$C'ld7:%?.?@=!Hp=!H O0:$H3A%:$TrcW='T.=!b0='C!=]I^5d A.1 %U 7980:YJ9@/\I+O0?+:UI+80:pkC'@/FsF@hi:p=!TiA$LH5I.?+LC!C!:BlQc='@[@s\3@/C!:%I.I+:pLX fT I@Hl0@?l¢A$Lhih@HlTqP k=!F/O0?+: 5Sds7983:$T.:q=!H3A$C!O3l0:A$Lhih@HlT I+L}hiLxc:9I+80:NT.='hO3C'@I+=!L/HzX,L/?.m9@?liLH0:rI+='AVz@xI9@nI+=!hi:gI+L}C':II+80: T.=!hO3C'@I+L??+O3H}A%LH5I+=!HO0LO0T.C!^5g@HlnI+LNTfI+L\RI+80:oT.='hO3C'@I+L?Bd{7980:%?+: @x?+:q@/C!T.LKA$LH5I.?+L/C'T}I+83@I@/C!C!LBm I+80:z\3C'@$^5:%?EI+LpT+@Bc:*I+80:iTfI@I+:iLX A.1.1 Game Control ¤N¥,¦§¨x®tµ²$:²z$µkB¥,²B¥,¿p 0µ§k I+83:>F@hi:n@xIN@/H5^zI+=!hi:>@/HliI+83:%H?+:I+O0?+HiI+L*@E\0?+:%c=!L/O3T.C]^T+@Bc:Bl TfI@I+:/dK3O?.I+83:%?+hiL?+:gI+80:%?+:@?+:iT.:$c:%?@/Chi:$HWO<A$L/hih@/HlTRX,L? cW=!:%mN=!H3FicW=!T.O@/C!=!~B@xI+='L/H3T>@/H3lA$L/HWI.?+L/C!C'=!H0FiH3:%I2m9L/?+Vq\3C'@$^5d uHt=!H5I+:%?@/A%I+=!c:rhiLWl:gJ9@/\0I+O?+:MI+83:MkC'@/F}C!:%I+TkI+83:M\3C'@$^5:%?oA$L/HWI.?+L/C 83:?UO0H3=]I+TcW='@¢@¢T.=!hi\3C!:Y='H5I+:%?.X,@/A$:Y?+:$T.:$hb3C!=!H3F I+80LT.:[O3T.:Bl_=!H A$L/hi\3O0I+:?MF@/hi:$T$do7LEI+:%C'C@H@/F/:$H5IMI+Ltl0LET.Lhi:I+83=!H3FgI+83:NO3T.:? 3?+TfIoA%C'=!AVWT{LHEI+83:r@F:$H5Ij@/H3lEI+80:$HtA$C!='AVWTo@/F@/=!HzT.Lhi:mN83:%?+:9:%C'T.: LHYI+83:bL@x?ld*J9@/\I+O0?+:I+80:zkC'@/FU@/OI+Lh@I+=!AB@C!C!^[A83L5L/T.:$TRI+83: hiLTfIMI^\3=!AB@C@A%I+=!LHKl:$\:$H3l0=!H3FtLHqI+83:}@F:$H5INb:$=!H3FF=!c:$HqI+83: A$L/hih@/Hli@HlimN8@xIr=!T9O3H3l0:%?I+83:GhiLO3T.:>LHiI+83:>T.:$A$L/HlA$C!='AVd 3L?*:%|0@hi\3C!:gk=]XNI+83:i\0C'@B^:%?tA$C!='AVWTL/H¢L\:$HsI+:%?.?@/=!Hg{I+80:iO3H0=!I mN=!C!C9hiLxc:zI+LK=]IB£=]XNI+83:i\0C'@B^:%?*A%C'=!AVWTL/H@/H¢:$H0:$h^[O3H0=]IBgkI+83: O3H0=]I[email protected]@AV=]IB£W@/H3lz=!XI+80:r\3C'@$^5:%?A$C!='AVWTL/H@RXZ?+=!:$HlC]^zO3H0=]IBg I+83:O3H0=!ImN=!C'CG\0?+LxcW='l0:q=]IimN=!I+8QT.O3\0\L/?.IBduvXnI+83:q\3C'@$^5:%?z83LC'lT l0LBmNH[I+83:*A%LH5I.?+LCoV:%^KmN80=!C':iA%C'=!AVW='H0F0gkJ9@/\I+O0?+:*I+80:zkC'@/FUmN=!C!C l0=!T.\0C#@$^Y@ihi:$HWOUmN=]I+8[@/C!C{LXI+80:@Bc/@/=!C'@/b0C':*@/A%I+=!L/H3TzP k=!FO?+: Sd 7983=!TA$LHWc:$H5I+=!LH@C!C'LBmNTUXZL/?UbL/I+8¹T.=!hi\3C!:[@/H3l_T.L\380=!TfI+='A$@I+:Bl \3C'@$^zO0T.=!H3F}I+83:NT+@/hi:GF:%H3:%?@C=!HWI+:?.X@/A%:d¡@/TfI+C]^5g5hO3C]I+=!\3C!:NO3H0=!I+T AB@Htb:oF/='c:$Ht@NA%Lhih@/H3lnT.=!h*O0C!I@H3:$L/O3T.C]^Rb5^nT.:$C!:$A%I+=!H3FNI+83:{3?+TfI O3H0=]I9@Hl*I+83:%Hi83LC'l='H0FEl0LBmNHiI+83:NT.83=]X#I9V:%^tmN83=!C!:GT.:$C!:$A%I+=!H3FEI+83: L/I+80:%?+T$d A.1.2 Agent Control 7983=!T A$C!=!\ =!C'C!O0TfI.?@I+:$T LO? \3@?.I+=!A$C!:%wvT.\0?+=!H0FÄhiLWl0:$CYX,L? 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