Федеральное государственное образовательное
бюджетное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«ФИНАНСОВЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ПРИ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ»
Кафедра «Иностранные языки – 5»
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
Методические указания по выполнению
контрольных работ № 1,2,3,4
Для самостоятельной работы студентов-заочников
первого курса,
обучающихся по всем направлениям
Квалификация (степень) бакалавр
1
МОСКВА 2014
Федеральное государственное образовательное
бюджетное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«ФИНАНСОВЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ПРИ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ»
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
Методические указания по выполнению
контрольных работ № 1,2,3,4
Для самостоятельной работы студентов-заочников
первого курса,
обучающихся по всем направлениям
Квалификация (степень) бакалавр
Кафедра «Иностранные языки – 5»
Одобрено кафедрой «Иностранные языки - 5»,
протокол № 2 от 6 октября 2014 г.
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МОСКВА 2014
Методические указания разработали:
доктор филологических наук Чикилева Л.С.,
доцент Манвелова И.А.,
старшие преподаватели: Есина Л.С., Широгалина В.И., Авдеева Е.Л.
Методические указания обсуждены
на заседании кафедры «Иностранные языки – 5»
Зав. кафедрой доктор филологических наук Л.С. Чикилева
Английский язык. Методические указания по выполнению контрольных
работ №1,2,3,4 для самостоятельной работы студентов-заочников первого
курса, обучающихся по всем направлениям, квалификация (степень)
бакалавр. – М.: Финуниверситет, 2014.
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4
Структура курса
Выполнение контрольных работ способствует развитию навыков
перевода с иностранного языка на русский язык, что является одной из задач
обучения иностранному языку. Этот вид работы является одной из форм
обучения студентов грамматике иностранного языка и способом расширения
словарного запаса.
Обучение иностранному языку предполагает следующие виды работы:





аудиторные групповые занятия под руководством преподавателя;
индивидуальную самостоятельную работу студентов на занятии под
руководством преподавателя;
самостоятельную работу по заданию преподавателя, выполняемую во
внеаудиторное время, в том числе с использованием компьютерных
технологий;
индивидуальные консультации;
групповые предэкзаменационные консультации.
Особое внимание уделяется самостоятельной работе студентов с
учебно-методическими материалами, в частности, работе с КОПР,
позволяющей компенсировать ограниченное количество аудиторного
времени. Проводятся встречи с носителями языка, проводится конкурс на
лучший перевод текстов по специальности, организуются студенческие
конференции на страноведческую тематику.
Цели и задачи обучения
Основными
направлениями
обучения
является
достижение
практических, образовательных, развивающих и воспитательных целей. На
протяжении курса обучения иностранному языку продолжается работа по
усвоению
знаний
(фонетических,
лексических,
грамматических,
орфографических), формированию и совершенствованию речевых навыков и
умений, а также работа по углублению и расширению культурологических
знаний, необходимых для межкультурной коммуникации. В связи с этим
осуществляется постепенное усиление профессиональной деловой
направленности обучения, направленной на формирование речевых навыков
и умений, необходимых в будущей профессиональной деятельности.
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Целью обучения иностранному языку в неязыковом заочном вузе
является практическое овладение им, что предполагает по завершению курса
обучения наличие умений и навыков в различных видах речевой
деятельности.
В начале учебного года определяется готовность студентов к изучению
вузовского курса иностранного языка. С
этой целью проводится
тестирование. При определении объектов контроля учитывается не только
конкретный перечень языковых единиц, подлежащих проверке, но и характер
владения ими: быстрое узнавание языковой единицы в контексте, независимо
от формы, в которой она представлена. Соответственно выделяются
следующие объекты контроля:
а) узнавание/понимание в контексте
употребленной в основном словарном значении;
б) понимание конкретного (одного
многозначной лексической единицы;
лексической
из
возможных)
единицы,
значения
в) понимание в контексте грамматического явления;
г) умение установить исходную форму грамматического явления
(например, по форме прошедшего времени – инфинитив, по форме
множественного числа – единственное число и т.д.);
д) способность различать значения омонимичных форм;
е) узнавание/понимание единиц речевого этикета.
В ходе изучения иностранных языков ставятся следующие задачи:

совершенствование полученных умений и навыков во всех видах речевой
деятельности;

формирование умений и навыков самостоятельной работы и применение
полученных знаний, умений и навыков на практике.
Содержание обучения
Содержание обучения рассматривается как некая модель естественного
общения, участники которого обладают определенными иноязычными
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навыками и умениями, а также способностью соотносить языковые средства
с нормами речевого поведения, которых придерживаются носители языка.
В соответствии с социальным заказом государства и концептуальными
положениями, цели обучения иностранному языку определяются как
конечные требования к этапам обучения. Конкретизация этих требований
находит отражение в следующих компонентах содержания обучения:
в номенклатуре определенных сфер и ситуаций повседневно-бытового,
профессионального и делового общения;
 в перечне умений и навыков устного и письменного иноязычного общения,
соответствующих указанным сферам и ситуациям;
 в минимуме отобранных языковых явлений (лексических единиц, формул
речевого
общения,
грамматических
форм
и
конструкций,
дифференцированных по видам речевой деятельности);
 в характере, содержании
и функционально-стилистических аспектах
информации, включающей лингвострановедческие знания, что имеет
большое значение для повышения мотивации к овладению иностранным
языком, удовлетворения познавательных интересов обучаемых, а также их
потребностей в общении на иностранном языке.
К концу курса обучения студенты должны владеть следующими
умениями и навыками:

Чтение

Умение читать и понимать с использованием и без использования словаря
тексты, содержащие изученный языковой материал. Умение составлять
вопросы по содержанию прочитанного текста и отвечать на вопросы. Умение
сделать сообщение по содержанию прочитанного текста.
Говорение и аудирование

Умение участвовать в несложной беседе по пройденным устным темам;

Умение использовать формы речевого этикета;

Умение понять небольшие по объему звучащие аутентичные тексты,
содержащие изученный языковой материал и выполнить задания на проверку
понимания на слух.
Письмо

Умение кратко излагать информацию, полученную при чтении;
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
Умение заполнять анкеты.
Грамматический материал подразделяется на активный и пассивный.
Активный грамматический материал предназначен для употребления в
устной речевой деятельности студентов и усваивается до его
автоматического использования
в речи. Пассивный грамматический
материал изучается с целью его узнавания и правильного понимания при
чтении. Соответственно, активный грамматический материал полностью
включается в пассивный грамматический материал. По мере изучения часть
грамматического материала может переходить из пассивного запаса в
активный запас.
Выполнение контрольных заданий и оформление
контрольных работ

Контрольные задания составлены в пяти вариантах. Номер варианта следует
выбирать в соответствии с первой буквой фамилии студента.
Начальная буква фамилии студента
№ варианта
А, Б, В, Г, Д
1
Е, Ж, З, И, К, Л
2
М, Н, О, П, Р
3
С, Т, У, Ф, Х
4
Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ, Э, Ю, Я
5
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Английский язык
Контрольная работа №1
Вариант 1
I.
Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите
определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным.
1) nation
a) the transfer of a company or organization
from government to private ownership and
control
2) industry
b) the group of people who govern a country
or state
3) government
c)the production of goods, especially those ma
de in factories
4) stake
d) the large-scale production of goods
5) inflation
e) dishonest, illegal or immoral behavior,
especially from someone with power
6) surplus
f) the use of money to get a profit or to make
a business activity successful
7) privatization
g) a situation in which there are a lot of
problems that must be dealt with quickly
8) investment
h) a country, considered especially in
relation to its people and its social or
economic structure
9) crisis
i) a share or an interest in an enterprise,
especially a financial share
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10) corruption
j) an amount of something that is more than
what is used or needed
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II. В
следующих
предложениях
подчеркните
определения,
выраженные именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения
на русский язык.
1. Europe began to take data protection seriously over fifteen years ago.
2. Today designers can make or break car companies.
3. India’s IT industry is growing at an incredible rate.
III.
a) Выполните КОПР № 2, 4.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения
на русский язык.
1. More than half a million new businesses are created each year in America
alone.
2. Certainly, the cost of entering the market has gone up.
3. The average age of the population will rise in the future.
IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его
эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Monopolies may exist at the local level because of geographic location.
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2. There should be strong stimulus which motivates the personnel to search
new.
3. Companies have to follow certain rules when advertising their products.
V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. To end the contract, one month’s written notice (by post not e-mail) is
required.
2. Politeness can help to improve the working environment for people in the
same office.
3. Job applications are examined and the best candidates are interviewed.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3.
What Type of Economic System Does Brazil Have?
1.
Brazil is the largest country in South America, and its economy
dwarfs that of other South American nations. Like many nations of the
world, Brazil operates a mixed economy that includes characteristics of
market-based capitalism, as well as socialist planning. Brazil has a growing
mixed economy.
2.
The mixed economy of Brazil includes large agricultural,
manufacturing and mining sectors. Although some industries, such as
railroads and utilities, have been privatized, the government owns large
stakes in other industries.
The Brazilian government owns more than 50 percent of Petrobras,
the country's largest energy company.
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3.
Once burdened by high inflation in the 1980s, Brazil has asserted
itself in the global economy. The CIA World Factbook reported that the
country ran record trade surpluses from 2003 to 2007.
In 2008, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Brazilian economy
was an estimated $2 trillion (in U.S. dollars), making it the 10th-largest in
the world.
4.
Privatization efforts by the Brazilian government in the 1990s brought
a wave of investment from the United States and Europe, which contributed
to robust economic growth over the past decade. In addition, prudent
monetary and fiscal policy measures shielded Brazil from the worst of the
global financial crisis of 2008, according to the U.S. State Department.
Despite Brazil's economic progress, widespread poverty and
government corruption remain problems.
VII. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3)
a) истинными (true)
b) ложными (false)
c) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. Brazil operates a free-market economy.
2. Some industries have been privatized in Brazil.
3. The government owns large stakes in coal mining sector.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
VIII. Прочитайте абзац 4 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
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What did privatization efforts by the Brazilian government contribute to?
Вариант 2
I. Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите
определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным:
1) brand
a) association of two or more persons
that conduct a business for profit as coowners
2) trademark
b) a large company or business organization
3) salesman
c) a piece of clothing
4) cash
d) the making of goods available for use
5) trade
e) someone whose business is to provide
goods and services to another company
6) supplier
f) the business of buying and selling goods
or services
7) production
g) money in the form of notes and coins
8) garment
h) someone whose job is to help customers
and sell things in a shop
9) corporation
i) anything that distinguishes a company’s
product from other similar products
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10) partnership
j) a name or design belonging to a particular
company, used on its products
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения,
выраженные именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения
на русский язык.
1. The American Henry Ford gave two things to the world – affordable motor
cars and the production line.
2. There are several ways to measure how developed a country is: life
expectancy, education level and real income of the population.
3. We want to increase our market share in Spain.
III. a) Выполните КОПР № 2, 4.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
1. Many expensive designer clothes are now manufactured cheaply in Asia.
2. We are looking for a more economical way of heating our offices.
3. Some companies have found ways to work in a bilingual market.
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IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или
его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We have to restructure our company if we want to survive.
2. Governments can change employment and business laws to make the market
more competitive.
3. Tax on harmful products like tobacco and alcohol should discourage people
from consuming them.
V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. There mustn’t be any barriers to new companies entering the market.
2. Taxes placed on income and wealth are known as direct taxes.
3. Price is a powerful instrument affecting demand in many markets.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3.
A Family Affair - Вenetton
1. Benetton Group is a global brand, based in Treviso, Italy. The name comes
from the Вenetton family who built probably the most remarkable family venture
of the late 20th century. The Вenetton clothing line was created by three brothers
and their sister in a small knitting shop in Ponzano Veneto, Italy. When their
father died, the eldest, Luciano, left school to work in a clothing store in order to
support his mother, a sister, and two younger brothers.
2. In the mid-1950s Guiliana Вenetton made her elder brother Luciano a
multi-coloured pullover. The colours were more exciting than the ones normally
used in men’s sweaters at that time. Luciano, who was then twenty and had worked
as a men’s clothing salesman in Treviso, realized his 17-year-old sister’s talent.
The two siblings sold their bicycle and accordion and scraped together enough
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cash to buy their first second-hand knitting machine in 1955. And so Вenetton was
born. The bright colours in which the original sweater was knitted became its
trademark.
3. In 1965 the Вenetton company was formed as a partnership with Luciano
as Chairman, his brother Guilberto in charge of administration, their younger
brother running production, and Guiliana as chief designer. The firm’s success
depends on a family structure which is now rare in Italy and the rest of Europe. Six
of their eleven children also work in the company. However, Luciano has also
come to include friends and colleagues in the business once they have
demonstrated a solid commitment to the firm, which is why he is unconcerned
about the group’s future.
4. The Вenetton Group produces over 110 million garments every year, over
90 per cent in Europe. The Italian multinational company has become one of the
world’s biggest suppliers of casual clothes. It is a corporation which has now
diversified into banking, supermarkets, sporting equipment, restaurants and
Formula One cars.
VII. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3):
a) истинными (true)
b) ложными (false)
c) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. The Вenetton Group produces over 110 million garments every year, 90 per
cent in Italy.
2. There are few family businesses like Вenetton in Italy and the rest of Europe
nowadays.
3. Carlo, the youngest, supervises the sheep ranches in Patagonia.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
16
3
VIII. Прочитайте абзац 1 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
Where was the Вenetton clothing line created?
Вариант 3
I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10).
Выберите определения (a-j), соответствующие этим существительным:
1. offer
a) a company or business, especially one which is quite
small
2. firm
b) an amount of money paid to a professional person or
organization for their services
3. purchase
owes
c) money that one person, organization, country etc
to another
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4. refund
d) a statement that you are willing to give someone
something or do something for them
5. fee
e) the act of buying something
6. loan
f) money borrowed from a bank, person etc
7. debt
g) a sum of money that is given back to you
8. corporation
h) a person, team, company that is competing with
another
9. costs
together
i) a large company or group of companies acting
as a single organization
10. competitor
j) the money that a business or an individual must
regularly spend
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения, выраженные
именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения на русский
язык.
1. Exchange rates are determined by supply and demand.
2. Only about 5% of the world’s currency transactions are related to trade.
3. The stock price will immediately rise.
III. а) Выполните КОПР № 2,4.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
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1. Rents will be sufficient to cover costs.
2. Successful companies are becoming market driven, adapting their
products to fit customers’ requests.
3. These measures were designed to strengthen the company’s market position.
IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или
его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Delays in construction could increase costs significantly.
2. The carrier may exercise a lien on the cargo for the unpaid freight.
3. Managers have to measure the performance of their staff.
V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Рarticiple I и Рarticiple II.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Workers have to be closely supervised and controlled, and told what to do.
2. The electricity bill may be paid in cash or by cheque.
3. The price of shares has risen heavily today.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3.
Advertising
1. Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products
and services, and persuades to buy them. Most companies use advertising agencies
to produce their advertising. They give the agency a statement of the objectives of
the advertising campaign and a budget. The agency creates advertisements (or ads),
and develops a media plan specifying which media – newspapers, magazines, the
19
Internet, radio, television, cinema, posters, mail, etc. – will be used and in which
proportions.
2. It is always difficult to know how much to spend on advertising. Increased
ad spending can increase sales, but many companies just spend a fixed percentage
of current sales revenue, or simply spend as much as their competitors. On the
other hand, lots of creative and expensive advertising campaigns, including
television commercials that lots of people see and remember, and which win prizes
awarded by the advertising industry for the best ads, don’t lead to increased sales.
3. Advertising is considered to be important for launching new consumer
products. Combined with sales promotions such as free samples, price reductions
and competitions, advertising may generate the initial trial of a new product. But
traditional advertising is expensive, it doesn’t always reach the target customers.
This is why the best form of advertising has always been word-of-mouth
advertising: people telling their friends about good products and services.
VII. Определите, является ли утверждение:
a) истинным ( true )
b) ложным ( false )
c) в тексте нет информации ( no information )
1. Advertising always reaches the target customers.
2. Lots of creative and expensive advertising campaigns don’t lead to
increased sales.
3. Companies won’t use advertising in a few centuries.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
VIII. Прочитайте абзац 1 и ответьте на следующий вопрос:
20
What do most companies give to advertising agencies?
Вариант 4
21
I.
Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите
определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным.
1. rise
a) to increase in amount or number
2. target
b) a return to a normal state of strength or economic activity
3. transaction 1. c) a result that a business or an organization tries to achieve
4. withdraw
d) the profit that a company makes
5. job
application
e) a piece of business that is done between two people , especially
an act of buying or selling
6. purchase
2.
f) the activity of keeping an accurate record of the accounts of a
business
7. recovery
8. earnings
g) to take money out of a bank account
3.
h) the total value of all goods and services produced by a country
in one year
9. bookkeeping i) formal request, usually in writing, for a job
10.gross
domestic
product
(GDP)
4.
j) to buy something
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения, выраженные
именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения на русский
язык.
22
1. The exchange rate is the amount of one currency needed to buy another
currency.
2. A business plan should prove that your business will generate enough revenue
to cover your expenses and make a satisfactory return for bankers and investors.
3. Sales promotion can be directed at the consumer, the trade purchaser or the
company's sales force.
a) Выполните КОПР № 2, 4.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык:
III.
1. The IMF is based in Washington, DC, USA and is governed by the 185
countries that are members.
2. The market is rising at the moment.
3. These basic principles have been incorporated into national accounting
standards in different ways in different countries.
IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его
эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. People must choose how best to use their available resources to satisfy the
greatest number of wants and needs.
2. Materials can be bought on credit to help finance current expenditure.
3. Business people may borrow money in order to expand their business.
V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. When drawing up a contract for the sale of goods, it is necessary to give a
detailed description of the goods.
2. Signing the letter the manager asked the secretary to send it off at once.
23
3. Games and competitions are becoming commonplace in promoting sales of a
product or service.
VI.
Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Письменно переведите абзацы 1,3.
The UK Economy
1. In the UK, the primary sector is made up of farming and energy-related
activities. Farming is very mechanized and uses a lot of machinery, producing
about 60% of food needs although it employs only 1% of workforce. But many
small farms are no longer profitable on global markets with low-cost world
producers.
2. Primary energy accounts for about 10% of GDP, one of the highest figures for a
developed economy. The UK also has important reserves of oil, gas, and coal.
However, this sector is now declining and oil and gas production will fall sharply
in the next ten years, making the economy dependent on foreign imports of energy.
3. The secondary sector has continued to suffer from the decline of old heavy
industries, like steel, and the closing of mass manufacturing like the car industry.
This has created big job losses especially in the north. Despite government support,
the sector has decreased from 20% to 15% of GDP over the past twenty years.
4. By contrast, the service sector is booming, benefiting from its highly qualified
workforce and the concentration of expertise in the south –east. It now represents
over 70% of the total economy with financial services, computing and marketing
contributing 30% to GDP. But the success is very dependent on financial markets,
and the recent growth has put great pressure on road and retail infrastructure in the
south east.
24
VII. Определите являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения:
a) истинными (true)
b) ложными (false)
c) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. The energy sector is booming
2. The service sector is very developed. However it is very dependent on financial
markets.
3. Future growth will be limited in the short to medium-term.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
VIII.
2
3
Прочитайте абзац 1 и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
What are the key industries in the UK primary sector?
25
Вариант 5
I. Переведите
письменно
существительные
(1-10).
определения (a-j), соответствующие существительным.
Выберете
1. consumer
a) the exchange of a commodity for money
2. generation
b) the act of making something smaller in size or amount
3. demand
c) a business organization created under a government charter
4. product
d) a group of people of similar age
5. competition
e) what remains after the costs of doing business
6. firm
f) the rivalry among buyers and sellers in the purchase and sale of
resources and products
7. profit
g) anyone who uses goods and/or services
8. sale
h) a small organization which sells or produces something
9. corporation
i) the good or service one receives in an exchange
10. reduction
j) a consumer’s willingness and ability to buy a product or service
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
26
7
8
9
10
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения, выраженные
именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения на русский
язык.
1. During the mid-eighties, the USA had a large trade deficit with European Union.
2. Greater Manchester is one of the world’s most compact and crowded
metropolitan areas.
3. The paper and printing industry is stable, reflecting Manchester’s status as the
second centre of newspaper production in England.
III. a) Выполните КОПР № 2, 4.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения
на русский язык.
1. Heavy damage from aerial bombing during World War II brought the greatest
setback in the history of modern London.
2. Contracts between local purchasing organizations and peasant householders are
signed before the agricultural season begins.
3. In different parts of the world many different commodities have served as
money.
IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его
эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Any Western firm is interested only in selling what it has to offer.
2. Similar processes were to be observed in the petroleum sphere.
3. The House of Lords may delay certain Bills, but cannot finally Veto them.
V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
27
1. By the late 1970s farmers were convinced that inflation and continued growth in
exports would keep prices rising.
2. The company can buy a sizable share of stock and offer it to the victim,
depending on who pays more.
3. Taking into consideration the expanded changes in price, the total turnover of
raw materials will increase.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2.
Forces Affecting Modern Marketing
1. An important influence in marketing theory is the continuous and rapid change
in consumer interests and desires. Consumers today are more sophisticated than
those of past generations. They attend school for much longer; they are exposed to
newspapers, magazines, movies, radio, television, and travel; and they have much
greater interaction with other people. Their demands are more exacting.
"Positioning" the product that is, determining the exact segment of the population,
and then developing a marketing campaign to enhance the product's image to fit
that particular segment requires great care and planning.
2. Competition also has sharply intensified, as the number of firms engaged in
producing similar products has increased. Each firm tries to differentiate its
products from those of its competitors. Profit margins, meaning the profit
percentages made by a business per dollar of sales, are constantly being lessened.
While costs continue to rise, competition tends to keep prices down. The result is a
narrowing spread between costs and selling prices, and an increase in a business
sales volume is necessary to maintain or increase profit.
3. Ecological concerns have also affected product design and marketing, especially
as the expense of product modification has increased the retail cost. Such forces,
which have added to the friction between producer and consumer, must be
understood by the marketer and integrated into a sound marketing program.
4. Even the way a firm handles itself in public life, that is, how it reacts to social
and political issues, has become significant. The public's dissatisfaction with the
actions and attitudes of a firm has sometimes led to a reduction in sales; consumer
28
enthusiasm, generated by a firm's intentional establishment of a good public image
or public relations, has led to increased sales.
VII. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3):
а) истинными (true)
б) ложными (false)
в) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. "Positioning" the product - that is, the insistence on reputable products and
services by consumer groups.
2. The public’s dissatisfaction with the actions of a firm has led to a reduction in
sales.
3. Markets tend to be segmented as each group calls for products suited to its
tastes.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
VIII. Прочитайте абзац 3 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
What must be integrated into a sound marketing program?
29
30
Контрольная работа №2
Вариант 1
I. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную
формы.
1. Countries buy and sell various goods as well as various services.
2. In the 19th century Britain dominated international trade.
3. The value of exports is growing faster than the value of imports in Russia.
II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
1. Scarcity makes things (expensive) and abundance makes them (cheap).
2. The industrial revolution began and the middle classes were growing (strong).
3. Economists like to make things (complicated).
III. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
banks, vacancies, insurance, records, profit
1. A great variety of risks can nowadays be covered by ….
2. Part of the company’s … is paid to shareholders.
3. Commercial … render various services to companies and individuals.
4. Auditors review financial … and report to the management.
5. Business newspaper often publish advertisements of ….
IV. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам
соответствующие определения.
1. valuable
a) prepared to do
2. static
b) has to
3. willing
c) immobile, not moving
4. obliged
d) important or worth money
5. constant
e) unchanging
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу
31
1
2
3
4
5
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Письменно переведите абзац № 3.
Economics
Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution,
and goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek
oikonomia (“management of a household, administration”). Current economic
models emerged from the broader field of political economy in the late 19 th
century. Classic economies concentrates on how the forces of supply and demand
allocate scare products’ and resources. A primary stimulus for the development of
modern economics was the desire to use an empirical approach more akin  to the
physical sciences.
Economics aims to explain how economies work and how economic agents
interact. Economic analysis is applied throughout society in business, finance and
government but also in crime, education, the family, health, law, politics, religion,
social institutions, war and science. At the turn of the 21 st century, the expanding
domain of Economics in the social sciences was described as economic
imperialism.
Common distinctions are drawn between various dimensions of economics.
The primary distinction is between microeconomics, which examines the behavior
of basic elements in the economy, including individual markets and agents (such as
consumers and firms, buyers and sellers), and macroeconomics, which examines
issues affecting an entire economy, including unemployment, inflation, economic
growth, monetary and fiscal policy. Macroeconomic models and their forecasts are
used by both governments and large corporations to assist in the development and
evaluation of economics policy and business strategy.
VI. Прочтите абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
When was the expanding domain of economics described as economic
imperialism?

akin- близкий, похожий
32
Вариант 2
I. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную
формы.
1. The percentage of British exports in world trade declined significantly.
2. Business transactions usually start with enquiries.
3. Investing in infrastructure for industry will encourage economic growth.
II.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
1. With the data from econometrics, governments can make (good) decisions.
2. If something becomes (expensive), we will spend (little) money on our needs.
3. In a planned economy a doctor is paid (much) than a footballer.
III.
Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
invoices, exports, shares, inflation, cash
1. The capital of a limited company is divided into …
2. Individuals can deposit … resources that are not needed at present.
3. Commercial … are issued after the goods are shipped.
4. The UK’s principal … are vehicles, machinery and manufactured goods.
5. An … is characterized by rising prices within a certain period of time.
IV. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам
соответствующие определения.
1. state-run
a) falling apart or collapsing
33
2. severe
b) managed by the government
3. crumbling
c) something that other people want
4. eviable
d) not foreign
5. domestic
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу
1
2
3
e) very strict or cruel
V.
4
5
Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзац №1.
Trade
Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or
entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial
transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original
form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and services. Later one side
of the barter were the metals, precious metals, bills, paper money. Modern trades
generally use a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be
separated from selling, or earning. The invention of money (and later credit, paper
money and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade. Trade
between two traders is called bilateral trade, between more than two traders is
called multilateral trade.
Trade exists due to specialization and division of labor, most people
concentrate on a small aspect of production. Trade exists between regions because
different regions have a comparative advantage in the production of some
commodity, or because different regions’ size allows for the benefits of mass
production. As such, trade at market prices between locations benefits both
locations.
Retail trade consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a very fixed
location, such as a department store, boutique or kiosk, or by mail, in small or
individual lots for direct consumption by the purchaser. Wholesale trade is defined
as the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers, to industrial, commercial,
institutional, or other professional business users, or to other wholesalers and
related subordinated services.
VI. Прочтите абзац 3 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
How is the wholesale trade defined?
34
Вариант 3
I. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную
формы.
1. The price of goods will certainly depend on the terms of delivery
2. Among insurance documents there are insurance policies and insurance
certificates.
3. There have been changes in Russia’s trading partnerships.
II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
1. When taxes on petrol are (high), people don’t use their cars so often.
2. In a free market producers cannot buy (cheap) raw materials.
3. Planned economies grow (slowly) than market economies.
III. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
payment, ties, currencies, audits, surplus
1. Currently outside … are a normal and regular part of business practice.
2. Offers usually state the terms of …
3. Britain has got very sound economic … with various countries of the world.
4. If a country sells more goods than it buys, it will have a ….
5. The exchange rates for various …. change every day.
35
IV. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам
соответствующие определения.
1. steady
a) usual or typical
2. predictable
3. standard
b) something aiming to share wealth
equally
c) going straight up and down
4. socialist
d) something you know will happen
5. vertical
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу
1
2
3
e) at a slow, unchanging rate
4
5
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзац № 2.
Price and value
Prices is the quantity of payment given by one party to another in return for
goods or services. Economics theory says that in a free market economy the market
price reflects interaction between supply and demand. In turn these quantities are
determined by the marginal utility of the asset to different buyers and to different
sellers. In reality, the price is depended by other factors, such as tax and other
government regulations.
Price is not the same thing as value. Things are ‘valuable’ because people
think they are, and for no other reason. The ‘value’ which an individual places on a
commodity can’t be measured; its value will be different for different people. The
economist is interested only in ‘value in exchange’. The economic worth of value
of a good can only be measured in some kind of market transaction which reveals
the value of the good in terms of what is offered in exchange for it. Nowadays
practically all exchanges represent an exchange of goods and services for money,
and prices in terms of money are the market value of the things.
Although prices could be quoted as quantities of other goods or services this
sort of barter exchange is rarely seen. Prices arise in exchange transactions. Any
effective arrangement for bringing buyers and sellers into contact with one another
is defined as a market. Face to face contact between buyers and sellers is not a
36
requirement for a market to be able to operate efficiently. In the foreign exchange
market, buyers and sellers are separated by thousands of miles.
VI. Прочтите абзац 1 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
What does the market price reflect?
Вариант 4
I. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную
формы.
1. Computer making industry is developing rapidly.
2. Many companies often operate a bonus system for monthly and weekly-paid
staff.
3. Without surplus goods, there were no profits or saving in the 18 th century.
II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Variable costs can rise at a much (slow) rate than production.
2. In some market structures, companies have (much) control over price.
3. If one company has a (large) share than any other, it can affect price.
III. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
transactions, corporation, deficit, benefits, employees
1. In foreign trade … various models of payment are practised.
2. If a country buys more than it sells, it will have a …
3. A … is owned by persons, called stockholders.
4. Many … have a five- day working week.
5. … are money that the government gives to people who need help.
37
IV. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам
соответствующие определения.
1. creative
a) usually calm
2. practical
3. relaxed
b) have a lot of new ideas
c) do what they promise to do
4. helpful
5. reliable
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу
1
2
3
d) good at making things work
e) like to do things for other people
4
5
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзац №1.
The Role of Government in the Economy
In every economy the work of different firms has to be coordinated. In a
market economy this coordination is achieved by means of markets. Nevertheless
the debate over the role for Government in a market economy is continuing and the
issue is being widely discussed at the present time. An economy based on free
enterprise is generally characterised by private ownership and initiative, with a
relative absence of government involvement. However, government intervention
has been found necessary from time to time to ensure that economic opportunities
are fair, to dampen inflation and to stimulate growth.
Governments plays a big role in American free enterprise system. Federal,
state and local government tax, regulate, and support business.
In the United States there are agencies to regulate safety, health,
environment, transport, communications, trade, labour relations, and finances.
Regulation ensures that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole.
Some industries- nuclear power, for instance – have been regulated more
closely over the last few years than ever before. In others the trend has been
towards deregulation or reduction of administrative burden on the economy.
The U.S. economy has a tradition of government intervention for specific
economic purposes- including controlling inflation, limiting monopoly, protecting
the consumer, providing for the poor. The government also affect the economy by
controlling the money supply and the use of credit. The aim is a balance budget.
VI. Прочтите абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
38
What to federal and local governments do?
Вариант 5
I. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную
формы.
1. Bookkeepers first record all the appropriate figures in journals.
2. There are different types of shares.
3. The Russian economy grew enormously after the 1860s.
II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. When worker productivity falls, companies will pay (little) for labour.
2. Efficient economy grows faster and everyone in society benefits.
3. Governments can change business laws to make the market (competitive).
III. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
stockholders, population, wealth, recessions, director
1. A public company must have at least two …
2. The … elect a director or directors to operate the corporation.
3. The highest density of … is in the cities.
39
4. … can include money in bank accounts or in pension schemes.
5. Most governments aim to avoid ….
IV. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам
соответствующие определения.
1. Hard-working
a) like to spend time with other people
2. Sociable
b) want to reach the top in their career
3. Ambitious
c) spend a lot of time doing a good job
4. Motivating
d) like to be on time
5. Punctual
e) encourage other people to work well
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу
1
2
3
4
5
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзац № 3,4.
Natural Monopolies
Natural monopolies is quiet popular organization form that’s widely used in many
countries. In most countries natural monopolies are basically the same, they are
concentrated within same sectors of economy: railroad, underground,
telecommunications, post etc. The main problem in that case is to find a pure
natural monopoly, today natural monopolies are partly owned by private
companies and persons.
In the USA natural monopolies operate in different areas of economy and that
makes them different from Russian or British. At the same the USA were the first
to elaborate antitrust code and in 1890 Antirist act was signed into law. This act
vested government officials with an authority to investigate, seek and judge cases
where the provisions of the act can be violated. The initial goal was to advocate the
right of people to consume products at reasonable prices through market
competition.
According to the act “every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to
monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to
monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with
foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor…”. However we can cite
40
examples of the enterprises that immune from antitrust code. Usually government
itself regulates these monopolies and set reasonable prices for the services that the
company charges.
Sometimes natural monopoly can concentrate the whole industry. It’s essential
when the product or service is limited to a degree when it’s impossible to get profit
without large monopolistic structure.
VI. Прочтите абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
What is the initial goal of the antitrust act?
Контрольная работа №3
Вариант 1
I.
Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите
определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным.
1) agreement
a) an amount of money that must be paid
2) reduction
b) a person, bank, or company that you owe money
to
3) creditor
c) the amount of money that something is worth
4) value
d) a decrease in the size, price or amount of smth.
41
5) loan
e) an arrangement or promise to do something
made by two or
more people, companies,
organizations, etc.
6) payment
f) an amount of money that you borrow from a
bank
7) investor
g) the money that is available to an organization or
person
8) cut
h) help, such as money or food, given by an
organization or government to a country or people
in a difficult situation
9) aid
i) a reduction in the size or amount of something
10) budget
j) someone who gives money to a company,
business or bank in order to get a profit.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное
слово:
market leader, rules, delivery, online shopping, department, boost
1) Many people use the web for _________ or banking.
2) In formal situations it’s a good idea to follow standard _________ when
making new contacts.
3) A company that has the biggest sales or the best selling product in the market is
the _______.
4) The company hopes that its new strategy will give sales a _________.
5) Some retailers have found it difficult to guarantee _________ times: goods may
arrive late.
42
6) A ________ is a part of company where people do a particular kind of work.
III.
a) Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
1. The market for digital cameras was researched last year and the findings are
reported in the Survey.
2. Prices have fallen in the food business, because of advances in distribution
technology.
3. The car business has a serious problem: it is producing too many cars.
IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. American consumers cannot keep spending more than they earn.
2. Tracing the complex flows of funds is often difficult.
3. Congress failed to approve proposal that the two countries would have
normalized trade relations.
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 4.
European Ministers Agree to Loan Greece
1. European finance ministers agreed to loan Greece about one hundred
seventy-two billion dollars this week at a meeting in Brussels. Luxembourg's
Prime Minister announced the agreement: “After a meeting of at least thirteen or
fourteen hours, we have reached a far-reaching agreement on Greece’s new
program and private sector involvement that will lead to a very significant debt
reduction for Greece.”
43
2. Under the plan, Greece’s private creditors will lose more than half of the
face value of their investments. The agreement also means the country will receive
its second financial rescue in less than two years. The new loans will likely let the
Greek government make a nineteen billion dollar payment on its debt. Now,
Greece must negotiate the terms of its loans with individual banks and other
investors. But these creditors will have to hurry. Greece can dictate its own terms
once it reaches agreement with two thirds of its creditors. Not everyone believes
Greece will be able to repay its loans. The Fitch financial services company cut the
credit rating of Greece. Fitch said, it remains "highly likely" that the country will
fail to meet its financial responsibilities.
3. The Greek parliament has agreed to the idea of spending and job cuts
demanded by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund.
Parliament must now pass all seventy-nine measures included in a reform plan
before getting the rescue loans. Prime Minister Lucas Papademos has said his
country has a lot of work to do before it can receive new aid.
4. At the same time, protests continue in Greece over budget-cutting
measures. Many Greeks say they have sacrificed enough. But Greece’s EU
neighbors are unlikely to release new loans until the budget cuts are in place. The
head of the EU delegation to the United States told that the union has learned from
the crisis. “We learned a lot about the means that we need to deal with emergency
situations. We didn’t have them before. We learned that our governance system
was not yet at the right level, and we are in fact changing a lot. There is a lot being
changed”.
VI.
3):
Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2,
a) истинными (true)
b) ложными (false)
c) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. The country will receive its second financial rescue in less than five years.
2. Greece can dictate its terms when it reaches agreement with France and
Germany.
44
3. Private creditors will lose more than half of the value of their investments.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
VII. Прочитайте абзац и ответьте письменно на вопрос:
What did the Fitch financial services company cut?
Вариант 2
I.
Переведите письменно существительные (1 – 10). Выберите
определения (а – j), соответствующие существительным:
45
1) bid
a) a building used for worship in some religions
2) auction
b) used in homes or relating to homes
3) property
c) someone who buys goods and uses services
4) lease
d) objects produced for sale
5) sale
e) more than is needed
6) goods
f) an offer or proposal of a price
7) surplus
g) buying and selling of property through open public
bidding
8) consumer
h) something owned, a possession
9) household
i) the process of selling goods and services for money
10) temple
j) a legal contract granting use of property for a specified
period of time in exchange for a specified rent
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное
слово:
employees, sales, salary, product, production, cash
1) There are over 9 million teenagers in Вritain and they are the most powerful
group of __________
2) Jane finds it difficult to survive on such a low__________
46
3) How do you pay for things you buy: in__________, by cheque or by credit
card?
4) If we don’t get another order soon , we’ll have to cut _________and maybe
close a factory.
5) One way to inform people about your __________is to advertise it on TV.
6) And you get a special bonus if the company’s _________ go up by more than 15
per cent in the year.
III. a) Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
1. Unemployment benefits have been given to those who are out of work.
2. The company has been dealing in car sales for many years.
3. Вefore John celebrated his 26th birthday, he had started his own
company.
IV. а) Выполните КОПР №1.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и
инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Consumer spending is seventy percent of the economic activity in the
United States.
2. Commercial properties face two serious problems: falling prices and
refinancing.
3. After the recession jobs have continued to disappear, though at slower
rates.
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 3, 4.
47
Auction History
1. The word “auction” is derived from the Latin augere which means “to
increase” or “augment”. In an auction each consumer makes a bid for the
product, and the highest bid wins. The exact date and time that auctions were
first organized is not exactly known. Historians agree on one thing auctions have been around for a very long time.
2.
In the 5th century, the Greeks held auctions to sell women for the purpose
of marriage. The Romans were the first to organize sales of goods at auction.
The Chinese used auctions to sell surplus property to raise money for their
religious leaders and temples.
3. The Вritish organized regular auctions of books and art in the 1600’s. In
some parts of England during the 17th and 18th centuries “auction by candle”
was used for the sale of goods and leasehold. This auction began by lighting
a candle after which bids were offered in ascending order until the candle
burnt out. The high bid won the auction. In the late 17 th century auctions
came to be held in coffeehouses and taverns throughout London. Such
auctions were held daily, and catalogues were printed. In the early 18 th
century the great auction houses were created: Sotheby’s and Christie’s.
English auction is also known as an open ascending price auction. This type
of auction is the most common form of auction in use today.
4. Over the years auctioneering has been progressing and changing, and today
it remains more popular than ever. Mostly everything can be sold by auction:
antiques, household items, automobiles, land, livestock, designer clothes,
etc. Auctioning is becoming more and more common on the World Wide
Web, and auctioning websites have become very big business.
VI. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения:
a) истинными (true)
b) ложными (false)
c) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. The Greeks were the first to organize sales of goods at auction.
48
2. In Вabylon auctions of women for marriage were held annually.
3. Women were auctioned for marriage in the 5th century.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
VII. Прочитайте абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на вопрос:
Who used auctions to sell surplus property to collect money for their
leaders?
49
Вариант 3
I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберите
определения (a-j), соответствующие этим существительным:
1. audit
a) a formal written document that is a record of
an agreement, especially one relating to a property
2. benefit
b) an official examination of a person’s or organization’s
accounts by an expert
3. deed
c) the buying and selling of goods and services
4. commerce
d) a good effect or advantage that something has,
for example a product or service
5. labour
e) a sudden large increase in the number or amount
of something
6. earnings
f) the money that a person receives for the work in
a particular period of time
7. leap
g) work involving a lot of physical or mental effort
8. merger
h) knowledge or skill gained from doing a particular job
9. improvement
i) an occasion when two or more companies,
organizations etc join together to form a larger
company
10. experience
j) the act or state of getting better
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
50
7
8
9
10
II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное
слово:
a list, balance, credit, return, share, staff
1. The ________sheet of a company is worked out from the final accounts.
2. Can you give me ________ of current prices?
3. This company will not accept unconfirmed letters of ________
4. Shareholders were offered 18 pence per ________
5. They retired eight members of ________ but didn’t replace them.
6. You can expect a 15% _________on this sum.
III. a) Выполните КОПР № 3,5.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
1. Figures show that unemployment has been growing since 1990s.
2. Proposals have been put forward for increasing worker mobility.
3. Experts have been warning of the bankruptcy since the company was
founded.
IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The two carmakers hope to achieve savings of 5% on common projects.
2. American corporations begin to offer entire packages of services.
3. After some hard talking officials decided to take part in a meeting in
Geneva.
51
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2.
Takeovers, Mergers and Buyouts
1. Successful companies have to find ways of using their profits. Sometimes
they develop new products or services, perhaps to diversify and enter new markets,
but sometimes it is easier to take over other companies with existing products and
customers. Acquiring a competitor in the same field of activity (horizontal
integration) gives a company a larger market share and reduces competition.
Companies can also acquire businesses involved in other parts of their supply
chain.
2. One way to acquire part-ownership of a company is a raid, which involves
buying as many of a company’s stocks as possible on the stock market. Because
this increases demand, the stock price will immediately rise. A raid is unlikely to
result in the acquisition of a controlling interest. More often, a company will
launch a takeover bid. If the board of directors of a company agrees to a takeover,
it is a friendly bid. If the company doesn’t want to be taken over, it is a hostile bid.
3. Takeovers can lead to the formation of large conglomerates, which can lead
to a contrary phenomenon: leveraged buyouts. Buyouts occur when financiers
consider that a conglomerate has not achieved synergy but has become inefficient,
as a result it is undervalued on the stock market. In other words, the
conglomerate’s market capitalization is lower than the value of its total assets.
VI. Определите, является ли утверждение:
a) истинным (true)
b) ложным (false)
c) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. Successful companies don’t have to find ways of using their profits.
2. Takeovers can lead to the formation of large conglomerates.
3. Companies are encouraged to take over other companies by investment
bank.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
52
1
2
3
VII. Прочитайте абзац 2 и ответьте на следующий вопрос:
What is a raid?
Вариант 4
I.
Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите
определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным.
1. budget
a) a general direction in which situation is changing or
developing
2. brand
b) the ability to do something well
3. IPO (initial
public
offering)
c) a person or a company that somebody owes money to
4. save
d) a decrease in amount, number, etc.
5. trend
e) the reason why somebody does something or behaves
in particular way
6. skill
f) the act of a company selling its own shares on the stock
market for the first time
7. motivation
g) a set of products of a particular type that are made or
sold by a company
8. creditor
h) to keep money instead of spending it, especially by
putting it in a bank account
9. fall
i) the amount of money that is available to a person or an
organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a
period of time.
53
10.product line
j) a name given to a product by the company that makes
it, especially a trademark
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II.
Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу
пропущенное слово:
brand, communication, accounts, invested, slogan, sum
1) Monthly salaries of our staff go directly into their_________
2) This type of coffee is the ________ leader.
3) Last month they started their advertising campaign with the new
corporate_________
4) New technologies make global__________ easier.
5) He_______ most of his savings in the Stock Exchange.
6) My cash_________ was 300$.
III. а) Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения
на русский язык.
1. Before John celebrated his 26th birthday, he had started his own company.
2. The world’s leading gas and oil exporter has become one of the most attractive
markets in the world.
3. The company has been dealing in car sales for many years.
54
IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Banks are interested in keeping most of their money in circulation so that it
should bring them profit.
2. In 1913 H. Ford began to use assembly-line techniques in his plant.
3. Many countries in Asia have an absolute advantage in manufacturing
electronic goods.
V.
Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите
абзацы 1,2.
Russia is Taking the Global Step
1.
Russian companies moving into Asian markets are often attracted to China
primarily for its growth and size. But increasingly they are finding that
investment opportunities in Southeast Asia are too good to be ignored and
making the move. The future of Russian business will depend not only on
Russia attracting international players to its markets, but also on Russian
companies making greater inroads internationally. Russian corporates are
increasingly taking this step. Only a decade ago it was only Russian energy
giants, or resources producers, that had moved into the global marketplace.
But more and more, they are being joined by infrastructure and construction
companies, machinery and equipment manufacturers and lessors, and
Russian mobile telecommunications operators. More Russian corporate
players can be expected to follow.
2. When Russian companies step into a global marketplace, they find many
of the same challenges and issues that international players coming to Russia
find. The laws and customs and systems are different. The Russian
companies looking to move into markets in Asia and Europe, and in
emerging markets, will need to understand a different business culture and
legal framework, and ensure they have good advice on how best to work in
that marketplace.
3.
The attractions of Southeast Asia are the rapidly growing economies of the
region, which have posted strong economic growth as the major developed
economies have remained mired in debt and weak demand following the
55
global financial crisis of 2008. I fact, Southeast Asia is projected to grow at
a robust 5.5 percent, supported by strong national savings rates, a focus in
domestic demand, and an increasingly sophisticated workforce. Beyond the
traditional leading regional economies of Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand,
Indonesia, which is setting ambitious infrastructure investment as the
cornerstone of its economic growth plans, and Myanmar, which is coming in
from decades of economic isolation, are getting increasing attention.
4.
The experience of companies moving into the Southeast Asian market,
regardless of the country, has demonstrated the value of developing a very
good understanding of the market. It is known that one of the most important
first steps is to get good local advice. Not only legal advice, but general
advice to assist in navigating the applicable country, political and legal risks.
Many businesses and clients try to replicate their business models from
home in Asian markets, and sometimes it doesn't work. So potential
investors have to do a lot of research into the way things work in the relevant
jurisdiction and not just try to use the same business models that have been
successful elsewhere.
5.
One part of the knowledge acquisition process is about getting effective
advice from legal and other advisers, but obviously it also includes making
an effort to meet as many people as possible. Japanese companies often open
a representative office in the country and spend quite some time just meeting
people, talking to people and finding out what the legal climate is, as well as
who might be a suitable local partner.
VI. Определите являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения:
a) истинными (true)
b) ложными (false)
c) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. Only a decade ago it was only Russian energy giants, or resources producers, that
had moved into the global marketplace.
2. Many businesses and clients do not try to replicate their business models from
home in Asian markets.
3. Indonesia does not allow foreign investors to own land but it does provide
generous leasing rights, and permits the repatriation of profits.
56
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
VII. Прочитайте абзац 3 и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
What are the attractions of Southeast Asian market?
Вариант 5
I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберете определения
(a-j), соответствующие существительным:
1. import
a) currency sells in terms of other currencies
2. export
b) certificates that you buy in order to earn regular interest
3. interest
c) a single, numerical instance of whatever is being measured
4. dividends
d) good or service sold to a buyer in another country
5. surplus
e) paper money and coins issued by the federal government
6. deficit
f) excess of revenues over expenditures
7. currency
g) payment for using someone else’s money
8.exchange
rate
h) excess of expenses over expected income
57
9. value
i) payments made from the earnings of a corporation to its
stockholders
10. securities
j) good or service purchased from a seller in another country
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
II. Вставьте в каждое предложение
пропущенное слово:
7
8
подходящее
9
10
по
смыслу
resources, recruitment, organization, stuff, finance, personnel
1) The CEO is the head of the _________ team.
2) I'm in charge of training in the human__________ department.
3) We have a________ of 65 in London and about 30 in Paris.
4) We have 200 people on our_________.
5) Our_________ department is responsible for recruitment.
6) You haven't been paid this month? Ok, I'll put you through to the
________ department.
III. а) Выполните КОПР №3,5.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,
определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения
на русский язык.
1. While the export of capital received further stimulus, the basic strength of
Britain could no longer be relied upon.
58
2. Some industries have been regulated more closely over the last few years.
3. The interests of the European Free Trade Association countries which exports
agricultural goods were looked after by means of bilateral agreement.
IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.
b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. American consumers cannot keep spending more than they earn.
2. Congress failed to approve proposal that the two countries have normalized
trade relations.
3. The two carmakers hope to achieve savings of 5% on common projects.
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Перепишите и письменно переведите абзац 1.
International Finance
1. Capital movements between countries are classified either as current account or
capital account movements. Current account movements refer to payments for
imports and exports, as well as the payment of interest and dividends. During any
year, a given country will have either a surplus or a deficit of current account
transactions. Capital account movements refer to the purchase or sale of securities
in one country by citizens of another country. Such transactions will also result in a
net surplus or deficit for a given country. A net deficit of both current account and
capital account transactions represents the net financial resources that have flowed
out of a country; a net surplus represents the financial resources that have flowed
into a country.
2. Each country has its own currency in which it will demand payment for net
surpluses. Germany, for example, uses marks, Belgium uses Belgian francs, and
France uses French francs. The value of one currency relative to another depends
on which country has a net deficit to the other. If the United States, for instance,
59
has a net deficit to France, the value of the French franc will rise relative to the
dollar. This relative value is indicated by the exchange rate, which represents the
cost of one unit of a given currency in terms of another. For example, an exchange
rate of 43 cents per mark means that 43 cents must be paid to obtain one mark,
while about 2.3 marks would obtain $1.
VI. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3):
а) истинными (true)
б) ложными (false)
c) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. A net surplus represents the natural resources.
2. A national account is a major account with a nationwide business.
3. The relative value is indicated by the exchange rate.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
VII. Прочитайте абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
What does the exchange rate represent?
60
Контрольная работа №4
Вариант 1
I. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения:
1) customer
a) the business of making goods in large quantities in a
factory
2) competitor
b) a person or company that supplies goods to shops
3) distributor
c) a person or a company that buys goods or services
4) manufacturing
d) part of a company’s profits paid to shareholders
5) dividend
e) another company which sells the same products or
services
6) merger
f) amount the bank will pay customers on their deposits
7) interest rate
g) money kept in the bank to earn interest
8) savings
h ) when the companies combine to form one new
company
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу
пропущенное cлово:
research
currency
campaign
overtime
agency
tax
employees
pension
1. Many European countries now have the same ……., the euro.
61
8
My wages are not very good, so I do a lot of …….
Nearly 40% of everything I earn goes to the government as…….
When I retire, my ….... will be 60% of my final salary.
If you want to know what people think about a product, you do some
market…….
6. One recent advertising ……. lasted for over a year.
7. You employ an advertising …… to create a product image.
8. Our ……. are the best trained in the country.
2.
3.
4.
5.
III. Выберите правильный вариант:
1. ECONOMIC / ECONOMICAL
a) Prices are rising and the number of jobs is falling. It's not just a business
problem, it's a general …………problem.
b) This car uses less petrol than the other one so this one is the more …………
2. PRODUCTION / PRODUCTIVITY
a) We will increase pay if the employees raise their …………
b) If we don't get another order soon, we'll have to cut ………… and maybe
close a factory.
3. SALARY / WAGE
a) We pay a monthly………..by cheque to our white collar staff.
b) We pay a weekly………..in cash to our part-time blue-collar staff.
4. EMPLOYERS / EMPLOYEES
a) ………… are people who are employed by companies.
b) ………… are people who give jobs to others.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
a
2
b
a
3
b
a
62
4
b
a
b
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Письменно переведите абзац № 1.
Inflation – Causes and Effects
Older people often talk about how cheap things were when they were young. A
brand new car may have cost only $5,000 compared to $20,000 today, or petrol
that cost only a few cents in the 60s costs over a dollar today. Inflation happens
when money loses some of its value. We measure the rise of inflation in percent.
For example, 2% inflation means that a $1 bottle of milk will cost $1.02 next year.
Inflation has many causes. In times when the economy is good and people have
enough money they want to buy more products than factories can produce, so the
prices go up. Inflation can also happen when workers demand more money or
when the raw materials that producers need rise in price. The end product becomes
more expensive and has to be sold at a higher price.
Some economists say that central banks do not do enough to control how much
money there is in a country. There may be more money around than there are
goods. Consumers want to buy more products, the demand gets higher and prices
go up. Sometimes low interest rates on loans make people borrow money to buy
houses or cars. These prices go up as well. Inflation is not produced by one country
alone. Sometimes a country cannot control the prices of certain goods as it would
like to. A country that does not have any energy supplies of its own has to import
energy. It has to pay a high price for oil and gas.
Inflation is a sign that the economy is growing. It is normal when prices go up
only a few percent every year. High inflation, on the other hand, leads to
uncertainty in the population. Industries may not want to borrow money and invest
when inflation is high. People don’t want to buy goods any more. Factories may
get stuck with products they cannot sell and as a result workers get unemployed.
It is very difficult to fight inflation. Governments have an effect on inflation when
they raise or lower taxes. They can also try to control wages and prices as far as
possible.
V. Ответьте письменно на вопрос:
Why does high inflation lead to uncertainty in the population?
63
Вариант №2
I. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения:
1) budget
a) how much people want something
2) demand
b) money paid regularly for work done
3) inflation
c) employees
4) commodity
d) the amount of money you have for something
5) wages
e) someone who sets up a new business of their own
6) staff
f) what a company produces
7) output
g) something you can buy or sell
8) entrepreneur
h) rising prices
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу
пропущенное слово:
agency
care
money
advice
traffic
research
packaging
employment
1. Some say that the purpose of business is to make …….; others say that it
must have social aims.
2. If you are late for a business meeting, just say that you were stuck in the
……
3. Levels of ……. are so high that we can’t find the people we’re looking for.
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4. Those who really need…….usually don’t like it and, anyway, they are not
able to follow it.
5. We regularly win industry awards for our levels of customer …….
6. The…….of a product is very important: the company has to think carefully
about how the product should look.
7. If you want to know what people think about a product, you do some market
…….
8. You employ an advertising …….to create a product image.
III. Выберите правильный вариант ответа
1.ADVERTISING / ADVERTISEMENT
a) Our ………… budget is 10% less than last year.
b) Did you see the big ………… for a new Managing Director for Acme in
this morning's newspapers?
2. LINE / STAFF
a) A………… manager works directly on the production of goods.
b) A………… manager gives service support to the managers in production.
3.PERSONNEL / PERSONAL
a) Smith has a…………problem: his wife wants to leave him.
b) Smith’s company has a ………… problem: their employees want a 20%
pay increase.
4. RAISING / RISING
a) Prices are…….at a rate of about 4% per year.
b) The company is ……its prices by 5% this year.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
a
2
b
a
3
b
a
65
4
b
a
b
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Письменно переведите абзац №1.
International Trade
Trade happens because people need or want things that they don’t have. Trade
between countries happens for the same reason. Some countries, for example, have
natural resources, like coal, oil or wood which other countries might want to buy.
They try to sell the goods, products or services that they have too much to other
countries. They earn money from these sales and then can buy the things that they
themselves need and cannot produce on their own. Both producers and consumers
profit from international trade. Even though many nations have a lot of different
goods to export there are countries that depend only on one or two products to get
money. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and other countries of the Middle East depend on oil
exports, because it is the only thing that they can sell.
The difference between what a country exports and what it imports is called the
balance of trade. If a country exports more than it imports we call this a trade
surplus. And if a country pays more for its imports than it gets for its exports it has
a trade deficit. In some countries the government controls all trade and in others it
allows companies and firms to trade freely. However, all governments control
trade in some way. Sometimes a government forbids companies to buy or sell
dangerous or illegal products, or military technology.
Many governments try to help their own industries by making it more difficult
to import foreign products. They put import taxes on foreign goods to make
products more expensive and their own products cheaper. A government may also
limit the number of products that it will buy from another nation. European
countries, for example, may limit the number of cars that are imported from Japan
or the USA. They want their people to buy European cars. We call this strategy
protectionism because governments want to protect their companies and industries.
V. Ответьте письменно на вопрос:
What is the difference between a trade surplus and a trade deficit?
66
Вариант №3
I. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения:
1) earnings
2) consumption
3) recession
4) workforce
5) imports
a) financial protection
b) income
c) the members of the population able to work
d) the amount of a product that people buy or use
e) the people who control a country and make
laws
f) when there is not enough of something
g) goods and services a country buy abroad
h) a serious slowing down of the economy
6) insurance
7) government
8) shortage
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное
слово:
pensioners
structure
discount
demand
auction manufacturers
increase competition
1. There is a lot of ……. for organic fruit and vegetables these days.
2. If there is only one producer in the market, there is no …….
3. There has been a huge ……. in demand for air conditioners due to the
hot weather.
4. ……. produce new goods from raw materials.
5. Companies usually have a ……with senior managers at the top and
employees at the bottom.
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6. In an ……., the item for sale is sold to the customer who offers the
highest price.
7. In the winter sales the shops often give a……. of up to 50%.
8. Because retired people usually receive a pension, they are often
called…….
III. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1. INTERVIEWEE / INTERVIEWER
a) The person who usually asks most of the questions at an interview is the ………
b) The person who usually answers most of the questions at an interview is the
……… .
2. FOREIGNERS / STRANGERS
a)
Our company has been bought by a German multinational. More and more
.................. are coming from abroad to work in our office.
b) There were two ……… at the corner table in the restaurant where we usually go
for lunch: no one had ever seen them before.
3. WHITE-COLLAR / BLUE-COLLAR
a) …….workers work in the factory.
b) …….workers work in the office.
4. TRAVEL / TRIP
a) Zangief is doing too much business ……………………and wants to cut the
number of visits to foreign clients next year.
b) However, he still has to make one important ……………………to the agent in
Singapore.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
a
2
b
a
3
b
a
68
4
b
a
b
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Письменно переведите абзац №1.
Money – Functions, History, Value
People in various cultures think of money in different ways. A London banker
and an African tribesman have different ideas of what money is. Many people
think of money as a currency - metal coins and paper bill. We need it to buy the
things we want. We also get money for the work that we do. So, money is a way of
exchanging goods and services. In the course of time people searched for better
ways of trading goods. They found out that metal, especially gold and silver, was
very valuable. Some historians believe that the first coins were made at around 700
B.C. by the Lydians. But it was not until the late Middle Ages that coins became
common throughout Europe. Metals were stamped and coins had to have a certain
weight. People knew how many coins they needed to buy something because they
had a fixed value.
Paper money came into use about 300 years ago. The idea came from
goldsmiths who gave people pieces of paper in exchange for their gold. These bills
could be exchanged for their gold later on. Until the middle of the 20th century
governments all over the world had deposits of gold that was worth as much as the
money they gave to their people. Paper money had many advantages. It was
cheaper to make and easier to carry around.
But there were also dangers. Governments could produce as much paper money
as they wanted. If they produced too many banknotes and gave them to the people,
they would have too much money to spend. If there were not enough goods to buy,
prices would go up. The money then would lose its value. We call this inflation.
Today, the amount of money in circulation is controlled by central banks. They
make sure that paper money has a constant value. More and more people use
credit cards to buy things. You don’t have to take real money with you.
V. Ответьте письменно на вопрос:
What advantages did paper money have?
69
Вариант №4
I. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения:
1) currency
a) a reduction in the price of something
2) investment
b) income
3) sale
c) the process of selling goods or services for money
4) goal
d) control of spending through taxation
5) promotion
e) something that you hope to achieve
6) discount
f) a move to a higher level in a company
7) earnings
g) money used in a way that may earn you more
money
8) fiscal policy
h) the system of money used in a particular country
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное
слово:
sales
job
rent
goal
promotion
competitors
experience
employment
1. The owner has just increased the ……. on our flat by 15%.
2. The latest research says that many people want to leave their …….and
travel the world.
3. Now, employees regularly change companies perhaps because they
want …… and a higher salary.
70
4. ……agencies supply companies with different types of workers.
5. We look at what our ……. do, then we do it better.
6. Our ……. is to be number one in every area in which we operate.
7. We have more years of ……. of working in this sector than any other
organization in this country.
8. …….increased by two percent last year; this is a rather disappointing
result.
III. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1. EXPENSES / EXPENDITURE
a) We have to reduce our general ………… : we must cut costs
wherever we can.
b) Zangief must cut his travel, accommodation and entertainment
………… : he’ll have to stay in cheaper hotels and take his clients to
cheaper restaurants.
2. CUSTOMERS / CLIENTS
a) Supermarkets use a variety of tactics to attract and retain ……..
b) She advises ……. on their investments.
3. COST / PRICE
a) The…….of rebuilding the theatre will be 13 million pounds.
b) What’s the …….of this watch?
4. MERGER / TAKEOVER
a) The ……. will create the biggest television company in the country.
b) Their ……. targets will be bigger and in more sensitive sectors.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
a
2
b
a
3
b
a
71
4
b
a
b
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Письменно переведите абзац №2.
Globalisation
Your shirt was made in Mexico and your shoes in China. Your CD player comes
from Japan. Today goods are made and sold all over the world, thanks to
globalization. We can exchange goods, money and ideas faster and cheaper than
ever before. Modern communication and technology, like the Internet, cell phones
or satellite TV help us in our daily lives. Globalization is not new. For thousands
of years people have been trading goods and travelling across great distances.
During the Middle Ages, merchants travelled along the Silk Road, which
connected Europe and China. The modern age of globalization started with the
Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century.
Today it is easier for companies to work in other countries. The Internet gives
them the chance of reaching more customers around the world. However, there is
a growing debate over globalization. Governments are in favour of globalization
because the economy can grow. Other people are not so sure that there are only
advantages. Here are some arguments from both sides. Globalization lets countries
do what they can do best. If, for example, you buy cheap steel from another
country you don’t have to make your own steel. You can focus on computers or
other things. Globalization gives you a larger market. Consumers also profit from
globalization. Products become cheaper and you can get new goods more quickly.
But globalization causes unemployment in industrialized countries because firms
move their factories to places where they can get cheaper workers. Globalization
may lead to more environmental problems. A company may want to build factories
in other countries because environmental laws are not as strict as they are at home.
Globalization can lead to financial problems . Some of the poorest countries in the
world, especially in Africa, may get even poorer. Many experts say that we need a
different kind of globalization in our world today.
IV. Ответьте письменно на вопрос:
What are disadvantages of globalization?
72
Вариант №5
I. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения:
1. account
a) an amount of money that a person borrows from a bank
2. loan
b) a rise in the number, amount, or degree of something
3. cash
c) the work done by banks and other financial institutions
4. delivery
d) someone who pays money for something
5. accommodation
e) an arrangement in which a bank looks after your money
6. increase
f) the process of bringing goods to a place
7. payer
g) money in the form of notes and coins
8. banking
h) a place for someone to stay, to live
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу слово:
customers prices accommodation mortgage
agreement bonus negotiations
global
1. When did the two countries sign this …….?
2. …….is quite expensive at this ski resort.
3. Thanks to the Internet, we are now living in a ……. village.
4. If you want to borrow money to buy a house, you should ask the bank for a……
5. And you get a special ……. if the company’s sales go up by more than 15% in
the year.
73
6. Sometimes we have difficult ……., but we usually sign a new contract in the
end!
7. They have high…….compared to their competitors, but the equipment is very
high quality.
8. Our main…… are hospitals, mostly in Europe and North America, but we have
also entered the market is Asia.
III. Выберите правильный вариант:
1. ECONOMY / ECONOMICS
a) The government has promised to boost the flagging ……
b) Dillon studied …… at Manchester University.
2. JOB / WORK
a) I am busy at the moment – I have a lot of ……
b) My brother has found a good ……as a sales manager.
3. INTEREST / PERCENTAGE
a) We can show you how you can earn a higher rate of……
b) Calculate what …..of your income you spend on food.
4. EMIGRANT / IMMIGRANT
a) An……is someone who leaves his country of origin to settle in another.
b) It is not easy being an illegal…..
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:
1
a
2
b
a
3
b
a
74
4
b
a
b
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Письменно переведите абзацы №1,2.
Banks and Banking
A bank is a financial institution that works with the money that the people give
it. If you give your money to a bank, it not only protects it but pays you interest so
that it can work with the money. This is one of the reasons why people save their
money in a bank. Without banks the world’s economy would not be able to grow.
Investors would not find the money they need for new projects. Industries could
not buy new machines and modern technology.
Banking has a long tradition. In Mesopotamia bankers kept gold and silver for
people and lent it to others. Ancient Rome and Greece had similar banking systems
to the ones we have today. During the Middle Ages Italy was the centre of
European banking. Florence and Venice became known as two cities in which
many people earned their money through banking. The Medici family dominated
Florence for over two centuries and set up Europe’s largest bank in the 15th
century.
The first worldwide banking crisis emerged during the Great Depression in
1929. Many citizens lost their jobs and their savings as banks crashed. In 1933
American president Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a bill in which the government
guaranteed the savings of depositors if a bank went bankrupt. In 2008 a banking
crisis hit America and spread throughout the world. Banks gave homeowners
mortgages without checking their financial backgrounds. House prices began to
drop and banks lost a lot of money. Governments in many countries had to give
them money and prevent them from becoming bankrupt.
The world’s largest banks are located in Europe, the United States and Japan. In
most cases they operate in many countries of the world. Modern banks offer their
customers many other services as well. They tell them how they can make money
with investments in stocks and bonds. Credit cards are given to customers as a
cash-free way of buying things.
V. Ответьте письменно на вопрос:
Why did a banking crisis hit America and spread throughout the world?
75
Федеральное государственное образовательное
бюджетное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«ФИНАНСОВЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ПРИ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ»
Kафедра «Иностранные языки- 5»
ИНСТИТУТ ЗАОЧНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ
Специальность___________________
(направление)
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №____
по дисциплине ________________________________
Вариант №
Студент__________________________
(Ф.И.О.)
Курс________
№ группы _________
Номер зачетной книжки_______
Преподаватель ___________________
(Ф.И.О.)
Москва 2014
76
Содержание
Структура курса………………….………………………….………...3
Цели и задачи обучения …………………………………….…..……3
Содержание обучения…………………………………………....……4
Выполнение контрольных заданий и оформление
контрольных работ……………………………………………..…......6
Английский язык……………………………………………………....7
Контрольная работа № 1……………………………………………...7
Вариант № 1……………………………………………………………...7
Вариант № 2…………………………………………………………......11
Вариант № 3……………………………………………………………..15
Вариант № 4……………………………………………………………..19
Вариант № 5……………………………………………………………..23
Контрольная работа №2……………………………………………….27
Вариант № 1……………………………………………………………...27
Вариант № 2…………………………………………………………......29
Вариант № 3……………………………………………………………..31
Вариант № 4……………………………………………………………..33
Вариант № 5……………………………………………………………..35
Контрольная работа № 3………………………………………….......37
Вариант № 1……………………………………………………………..37
77
Вариант № 2……………………………………………………………..41
Вариант № 3……………………………………………………………..45
Вариант № 4……………………………………………………………..48
Вариант № 5……………………………………………………………..52
Контрольная работа № 4………………………………………….......37
Вариант № 1……………………………………………………………..61
Вариант № 2……………………………………………………………..64
Вариант № 3……………………………………………………………..67
Вариант № 4……………………………………………………………..70
Вариант № 5……………………………………………………………..73
Приложение (образец титульного листа)…………………………........76
78