Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
Preparation of the review of the Annexes IV, V and VIII of the
1999 Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication
and Ground-level Ozone to the 1979 Convention on Long-range
Transboundary Air Pollution
Final draft prepared by the Expert Group on Techno-economic Issues (EGTEI)
for consideration by the WGSR at its fortieth session in September 2007
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 3
2
REVIEW OF ANNEXES IV AND V ....................................................................... 3
2.1
Emission limit values for SO2 and NOx in annexes IV and V for large combustion plants 3
2.2
Other activities ........................................................................................................................................ 9
2.2.1
Cement plants ................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2
Claus plants ....................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.3
Nitric acid plants ............................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.4
Titanium dioxide plants .................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.5
Primary Iron and steel production ................................................................................................ 10
2.3
Stationary engines ............................................................................................................................... 10
2.4
Sulphur content of gas oil.................................................................................................................. 11
3
REVIEW OF ANNEX VIII.................................................................................... 11
3.1
Passenger cars and light-duty vehicles ......................................................................................... 11
3.2
Heavy duty vehicles ............................................................................................................................. 11
3.3
Diesel engines for non-road mobile machines ............................................................................. 11
3.4
Motorcycles and mopeds ................................................................................................................... 12
3.5
Other engines not yet considered in the Gothenburg Protocol ............................................... 12
3.5.1
Recreational crafts ......................................................................................................................... 12
3.5.2
Small 2 and 4-stroke SI engines rated < 19 kW ........................................................................ 12
3.6
Sulphur content limit values in the fuels ....................................................................................... 12
4
CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................. 12
5
REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 13
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
1
Introduction
According to the convention work plan, EGTEI is mandated to “make data available for future
consideration of revision of technical annexes to Protocols in particular concerning the evaluation of
emission limit values for new and existing boilers and process heaters with a rated thermal input larger
than 50 MW and new heavy duty vehicles, according to article 3, paragraph 4 of the Protocol with a
view to amending annexes IV, V and VIII of the Gothenburg Protocol “.
This paper is a contribution to the preparatory work for the review of annexes IV, V and VIII of the
Gothenburg Protocol.
The review aims at analysing in details the achievement of engagements, the efficiency of measures
implemented and at determining if these measures are sufficient to achieve the objectives of the
Protocol.
The review is done according to article 10 and in coherence with article 3 paragraph 4 which
stipulates: limit values for new and existing boilers and process heaters with a rated thermal input
exceeding 50 MW and new heavy duty vehicles shall be evaluated by the Parties at a session of the
Executive Body with a view to amending annexes IV, V and VIII not later than two years after the date
of entry into force of the Gothenburg Protocol.
This report aims at providing some information from EGTEI to WGSR and Parties. It presents a
comparison of emission limits values (ELVs) implemented for LCP in annexes IV and V of the
Gothenburg Protocol with the European Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain
pollutants into the air from large combustion plants. A comparison is also made for other sectors (e.g.
on-road vehicles). When the Protocol was issued in 1999, the directive cited above was only in a draft
version.
For other activities with emission limit values in annexes IV, V and VIII, references to several EC
regulations are provided. Relevant BREF documents drafted by IPTS Sevilla and approved by
Information Exchange Forum in the framework of IPPC Directive are also considered. It is important to
keep in mind that EU legislation is not relevant for non EU countries which are parties to the
Convention.
2
Review of annexes IV and V
Annex IV of the Gothenburg Protocol deals with limit values of SO 2 for the following activities:

Large combustion plants,

Claus plants,

Titanium dioxide,
and limit values for the sulphur content of gas oil.
Annex V of the Gothenburg Protocol deals with limit values of NOx for the following activities:

Large combustion plants,

Cement plants,

Stationary engines,

Primary iron and steel production,

Nitric acid production.
2.1 Emission limit values for SO2 and NOx in annexes IV and V for large
combustion plants
In annex IV, table I presents emission limit values (ELVs) of SO 2 for plants with a rated thermal power
larger than 50 MWth.
In annex V, table I presents ELV of NOx for plants with a rated thermal power larger than 50 MWth.
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
ELVs are different for new and existing installations. In the Protocol a new stationary source is defined
as “any stationary source of which the construction or the substantial modification is commenced after
the expiry of one year after the date of entry into force of the Protocol, that is to say 17 may 2006 (for
countries who ratify later than the first 16, this date moves up; e.g if a country ratified the protocol on 1
June 2006, the protocol for this country would entry into force 90 days later, that is on 1 September
2006 and new sources are then sources of which the construction or the substantial modification is
commenced after 1 September 2007). It shall be a matter for the competent authorities to decide
whether or not a modification is substantial or not, taking into account such factors as the environment
benefits of the modification”.
In definitions of the EC Directive 2001/80/EC of 23 October 2001 [1], definitions of existing and new
plants are as follows:
Existing plant: “any combustion plant for which the original construction licence or, in absence of such
a procedure, the original licence was granted before 1 July 1987”.
New plant: “any combustion plant for which the original construction licence or, in absence of such a
procedure, the original licence was granted on or after 1 July 1987”.
In the following paragraph, new plants “1” are those under article 4.2 of the EC Directive, which
according to the competent authority are the subject of a full request for a licence after 27 November
2002 and new plants “2” are those under article 4.1 of the EC Directive, which according to the
competent authority are the subject of a full request for a licence before 27 November 2002.
ELVs of the Gothenburg Protocol can be compared to those of Directive 2001/80/EC of 23 October
2001 [1] on large combustions plants.
In the following tables, ELVs for a new plant according to the Protocol definition are compared to ELVs
for new plants “1” of the EC Directive (Article 4.2). And ELVs for an existing plant according to the
Protocol are compared to ELVs for existing or new plant “2” according to the EC Directive (Article 4.2).
According to the LCP Directive ELVs for existing plants and new plants “2” come into effect from 1
January 2008 (see art. 4.3 and art. 17.2 of the LCP Directive).
Minor differences can be observed. If present, there are presented in tables 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
Table 1.1: Differences between SO2 ELVs of table I in annex IV of the Protocol and ELVs of Directive
2001/80/EC
Thermal input
SO2 limit value
MWth
mg/Nm3
Alternative for
domestic solid fuel
removal efficiency
850
90%
Got. Prot.
EC
directive
BREF
LCP
50-100
Got. Prot.
EC
Directive
100-300
Solid fuels, new
installations
BREF
LCP
Got. Prot.
EC
Directive
Biomass in new
1
EC
Directive
BREF
LCP
Got. Prot.
EC
Directive
BREF
LCP
Got. Prot.
300 mg/Nm3 or 92 % of
efficiency
850-200 mg/Nm3 by a
linear decrease
92%
200 mg/Nm3, fixed
value from 100 to 300
MWth; values
described in the
Protocol are only
possible in outermost1
regions according to
the LCP Directive
300 mg/Nm3 or 92 % of
efficiency
200
95 %
Same value
400 mg/Nm3 or at least
95% of removal
efficiency
100 – 200
50-100
2000
40%
Same value
60%
200 - 400
2000-400 by a linear
decrease
Got. Prot.
Solid fuels, existing
installations
200 - 400
100 - 200
>300
BREF
LCP
Got. Prot.
EC
Directive
BREF
LCP
Same value
100-500
Same value
40-90% linear
decrease
75 % in plant from 100
to 300 MW, and at
least 90% in plants
above 300 MW
100 – 250 (coal)
>500
400
90%
Same value
at least 94 %
100 - 200
> 50
No value
Outermost Regions" means the French Overseas Departments with regard to France, the Azores
and Madeira with regard to Portugal and the Canary Islands with regard to Spain.
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
plants
200 mg/Nm3, the value
is not considered in the
Protocol
EC
Directive
Thermal input
SO2 limit value
MWth
Got. Prot.
50-100
EC Directive
Got. Prot.
Liquid fuels, new
installations
Liquid fuels,
existing
installations
EC Directive
Got. Prot.
EC Directive
Got. Prot.
EC Directive
Got. Prot.
EC Directive
Got. Prot.
EC Directive
100-300
>300
50-300
300-500
Gaseous fuel
>500
mg/Nm3
850
Same value
850-200 by a linear decrease
400 to 200 mg/Nm3. The values described in the
Protocol are only possible in outermost regions
according to the LCP Directive
200
Same value
1700
Same value
1700-400 by a linear decrease
Same value
400
Same value
Not reproduced, as ELVs are the same in the
Protocol and the Directive
For NOx, the comparison of ELVs is presented in table 1.2.
Table 1.2: NOx ELVs of table I in annex V of the Protocol and comparison with ELVs of Directive
2001/80/EC when differences are observed
Solid fuels new
installations
Thermal power
MWth
ELVs of the
Gothenburg
Protocol
mg/Nm3
ELVs of the LCP
Directive
mg/Nm3
BREF LCP for new
and existing
mg/Nm3
50-100
400
400
90 – 300 (depends on
firing type)
100-300
300
>300
200
Solid in general
650
Solid with less
than 10 % volatile
compounds
1300
Solid fuels existing
installations
Biomass in new
EGTEI – June 2007
No values
200. 300 only possible
in outermost regions
200
50 to 500 MW : 600
> 500 : 500
The value of 650 is only
acceptable for
outermost regions
200 > 500 MW from 1
January 2016
(considering the time
needed for a revised
protocol this ELV is
relevant
1200 (until 1 January
2018)
1300 (only for
outermost regions
400 from 50 to 100
100 - 200
50 - 200
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
plants
EGTEI – June 2007
MWth
300 from 100 to 300
MWth
200 for > 300 MW
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
Thermal
power
Liquid fuels new
installations
Liquid fuel existing
installations
Gaseous fuels in new
installations
Other gas in new
installations
MWth
50-100
ELVs of the
Gothenburg
Protocol
mg/Nm3
400
100-300
300
>300
200
> 50
450
50-300
> 300
150
100
400
200
300 only possible
outermost regions only
200
450 mg/Nm3 from 50 to
500 MW but 400
mg/Nm3 for > 500 MW
No difference
No difference
200
No difference
50 – 100
350
300 mg/Nm3 from 50 to
500 MW and 200
mg/Nm3 for > 500 MW
50 - 100
Gaseous fuel in existing
installations
ELVs of the LCP
Directive
mg/Nm3
BREF LCP
mg/Nm3
150 - 300
50 - 150
50 - 150
50–100 MW: 150 – 450
>100 MW: 50 - 200
new
20 – 50
existing
50 - 90
Gas turbines
For onshore combustion turbines with a thermal input exceeding 50 MWth, the ELVs are expressed
with a reference O2 content of 15 %. Table 1.3 reproduces table II of annex V of the Protocol. ELVs
are only applicable when the load is > 70 %. They are compared to the ELVs of the EC Directive.
Table 1.3: NOx ELVs present in table II of annex V of the Protocol for onshore turbines and
comparison with ELVs of Directive 2001/80/EC
> 50 MWth
ELVs
of table II of annex V of the
Gothenburg Protocol
mg/Nm3
ELVs
of the EC LCP Directive
(annex VI)
mg/Nm3
Valid when the load is > 70 %
50
50
120a
120b
No value
120
New installations, natural gas
New installations, liquid fuels
New installations, Other gases
Existing installations
150
No value
natural gas
Existing installations, Liquid
200
No value
fuel
a : A value of 75 mg/Nm3 is applicable if :

Combustion turbine used in a combined heat and power system or;

Combustion turbine driving compressor for public gas grid supply.
b : A value of 75 mg/Nm3 in the following cases:

Combustion turbine used in a combined heat and power systems having an overall efficiency
greater than 75 %,

Combustion turbine used in a combined cycle plant having an overall electrical efficiency
greater than 55 %,

Combustion turbine for mechanical drive.
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
Annex IV and Annex V also include prescriptions regarding compliance with ELV’s (are ELVs defined
on an hourly, daily …basis?) and monitoring (discontinuous / continuous / ..) (see Annex IV §3-8 and
annex V §3-8). When comparing ELV’s it is important to also compare the reference period for which
the ELVs are defined. There are some differences between the Protocol and the LCP-directive
Additional note:
The LCP directive is clear on the fact that for new plants the stack approach applies (if technical and
economical possible) (see art. 2): e.g when 2 plants are linked to a common stack, these plants should
be regarded as a single unit.
Currently an important discussion is going on in the “LCP-expert group of the Commission” regarding
the interpretation of existing combustion plant. According to the Commission also for existing plants
the stack approach should be applicable, meaning that if e.g two plants of 200 MW are linked to the
same stack, the ELVs for plants above 300 MW are applicable. This also means that 2 existing plants
of 30 MW linked to the same stack are regarded as a LCP and fall under the Directive.
The Gothenburg Protocol seems to prescribe ELVs at boiler level (for new as well as for existing
plants).
2.2 Other activities
2.2.1 Cement plants
The ELVs of the Gothenburg Protocol are presented in table 1.4.
Table 1.4: NOx ELVs for cement plants in the Gothenburg Protocol (table III, annex V)
For rotary kilns with a capacity larger than 500 Mg per day
and for others furnaces larger than 50 Mg/day
New installations (10 % O2)
Dry kilns
Other kilns
Existing installations
Limit values
mg/Nm3
500
800
1200
In the EU, cement plants are concerned by the EC Directive on Integrated Prevention and Control of
Pollution (Directive 96/61/EC of 1996) [2]. The Best Available Techniques (BAT) mentioned in this
Directive are defined in the BREF (Best available technique REFerence document) on cement and
lime manufacturing industries [3]. The full comparison with performance levels of BAT will be made in
the document for the revision if this one is decided in 2007.
2.2.2 Claus plants
SO2 ELVs implemented by the Protocol are for plants with a capacity larger than 50 Mg of sulphur per
day (paragraph 11, annex IV) are as follows:

99.5% of sulphur recovery for new plants,

97% of sulphur recovery for existing plants.
In the EU, Claus plants are concerned by the EC Directive 96/61/EC of 1996) [2]. The Best Available
Techniques (BAT) mentioned in this Directive are defined in the BREF for mineral oil and gas
refineries [4]. The full comparison with performance levels of BAT will be made in the document for the
revision if this one is decided in 2007.
2.2.3 Nitric acid plants
The ELVs implemented by the Protocol are for plants with capacity threshold considered are as
follows:
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3


New installations: 350 mg/Nm 3
Exiting plants: 450 mg/Nm 3
In the EU, nitric acid plants are concerned by the EC Directive 96/61/EC of 1996 [2]. The BATs
mentioned in this Directive are defined in the BREF on large volume inorganic chemicals [5]. The full
comparison with performance levels of BAT will be made in the document for the revision if this one is
decided in 2007.
2.2.4 Titanium dioxide plants
The Gothenburg Protocol in annex IV implements a limit value of 10 kg SO 2 per Mg of titanium dioxide
produced in case of new and existing installation, for discharges coming from digestion and calcination
steps.
In the EU, titanium dioxide plants are concerned by Directive 96/61/EC of 1996 [2]. The BATs
mentioned in this Directive are defined in the BREF on large volume inorganics – solids and others [6].
The full comparison with performance levels of BAT will be made in the document for the revision if
this one is decided in 2007.
2.2.5 Primary Iron and steel production
Activities concerned are:

Metal ore roasting and sintering installations,

Installations for the production of pig iron or steel (primary and secondary fusion) including
Continuous casting with a capacity exceeding 2.5 Mg/hour,

Installations for the processing of ferrous metals (hot rolling mills > 20 Mg/ hour of crude steel).
The Gothenburg Protocol in annex V implements a limit value for NOx for primary iron and steel
production. The ELV is 400 mg NOx / Nm3 both for new and existing plants (table V, annex V).
In the EU, primary iron and steel plants are concerned by the EC Directive 96/61/EC of 1996 [2]. The
BATs mentioned in this Directive are defined in the BREF for the production of iron and steel [7]. The
full comparison with performance levels of BAT will be made in the document for the revision if this
one is decided in 2007.
2.3 Stationary engines
Table IV of annex V of the Gothenburg Protocol implements the following NOx ELVs for new
stationary engines:
Table 1.5: NOx ELVs for stationary engines in the Gothenburg Protocol (table IV, annex V)
Capacity, techniques, fuel specification
Spark ignition engines 4 stroke > 1 MWth
Lean burn engines
All other engines
Compression ignition engines (diesel) > 5 MWth
Natural gas (jet ignition engines)
Heavy fuel oil
Diesel oil or gas oil
NOx Limit value (mg/Nm3) 5 % O2
250
500
500
600
500
There is no EU-directive yet regulating emissions for new stationary engines. Finland is assessing the
ELVs proposed by the Gothenburg Protocol and will probably come to propose different emission limit
values. Presently, the same ELVs apply to all engines from small unit spark ignition and compression
ignition engines up to large engine plants. For competing plants, such as boilers and gas turbines,
ELVs are set only for plants larger than 50 MW. However, all competing technologies should be
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
treated equally. Also, the ELVs should be expressed at the same oxygen content. A proposal for the
revised ELVs will be made in case the protocol enters into revision.
2.4 Sulphur content of gas oil
Table II of annex IV of the Gothenburg Protocol implements a sulphur content of gas-oil of 0.1 %
weight after 1 January 2008. This sulphur content is coherent with the EC Directive 1999/32/EC of 26
April 1999 relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels and amending Directive
93/12/EEC [17].
3
Review of annex VIII
Annex VIII deals with emission limit values for fuels and new mobile sources such as:

Passenger cars and light duty vehicles

Heavy duty vehicles

Motorcycles and mopeds

Non-road vehicles and machines

Fuel quality
Limit values as well as timescales for applying them are listed in section A of the annex VIII, for Parties
other than Canada and the United States of America.
3.1 Passenger cars and light-duty vehicles
ELVs are defined in table I of the annex VIII.
Limit values correspond to EU Euro 4 standards. As future European standards are still under
discussion, the table I is still valid. A Directive Euro 5 is in preparation [8].
3.2 Heavy duty vehicles
ELVs for heavy duty vehicles are defined in tables II and III of the annex VIII.
Limit values are in line with Euro III to Euro V European standards. Preparatory work for the definition
of Euro VI standards is on-going in Europe: EC should make a proposal in 2007.
3.3 Diesel engines for non-road mobile machines
In EU Directives (97/68/EC [19] and 2000/25/EC [20]) and in the Gothenburg Protocol, only stage I
and II are considered.
Since the implementation of the Protocol in 1999, new regulatory stages have been adopted in
Europe: stages IIIA, IIIB and IV. Limit values for these additional stages are defined in Directives:
-
2004/26/EC relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants
from CI engines to be installed on non-road machinery [9]: this Directive covers diesel fuelled
engines from 19 to 560 kW and regulates the emission in three further stages (IIIA, IIIB and IV).
This Directive also includes inland waterways and constant speed engines (only stage IIIA) as
well as trains (only stages IIIA and IIIB). Stage IV covers engines between 56 and 560 kW.
-
2005/13/EC concerning the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants by engines intended
to power agricultural or forestry tractors [10].
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
3.4 Motorcycles and mopeds
Motorcycles 2 and 4-stroke: only stage I is considered in the Protocol. Since the Protocol has been
issued, new regulatory stages have been adopted in Europe: stages II and III defined in Directive
2002/51/EC [11].
Mopeds: stages I and II are considered in the Protocol with the same dates of implementation (1999
and 2002) as defined in the Directive 97/24/EC [12]. Directive 2002/51/EC specifies that the
Commission shall consider a new set of limit values (stage III) for moped, including PM emissions, to
be applied from 2006.
3.5 Other engines not yet considered in the Gothenburg Protocol
The following emissions from other engines are regulated in European Directives but are not yet
considered in the Gothenburg Protocol.
3.5.1 Recreational crafts
Emission limit values are defined for recreational crafts: 2, 4-stroke and CI engines in the Directive
2003/44/EC [13].
Directive 2003/44/EC requires the European Commission to submit a report by 2007 to the EU
Parliament and Council on the possibilities to further reduce the limit values. For combustion ignition
(CI) engines, the future emission limits are likely to be aligned with the US EPA Recreational Marine
Rule and the amendment to 97/68/EC (inland waterway vessels). For spark ignition (SI) engines, the
emission reduction will depend on the future development in the US.
3.5.2 Small 2 and 4-stroke SI engines rated < 19 kW
Two types of SI engines are covered by Directive 2002/88/EC [14]: handheld and non-handheld
engines. Two stages (I and II) became effective in August 2004.
3.6 Sulphur content limit values in the fuels
In the Protocol, sulphur content limit values are defined as 350 mg/kg for CI engines and 50 mg/kg for
SI engines. In Directive 1998/70/EC [15], petrol and diesel fuels with a maximum of 50 ppm (mg/kg)
are mandatory from 01/01/2005 onwards. In Directive 2003/17/EC [16], this limit is lowered to 10 ppm
from 01/01/2009 onwards. This lower sulphur content limit value is not yet considered in the Protocol.
4
Conclusions
Revew in accordance with Art. 3 para. 4
Some differences were identified between the SO2 and NOx ELVs for LCPs in the protocol with the
ELVs established by the EC Directive [1]. The BREF document [18] also provides relevant information
on the best available techniques (BAT) performance, which could be used for assessment of other
ELVs.
For what concerns the heavy duty vehicles, preparatory works for the definition of Euro VI standards
are in progress. A proposal of Directive could be delivered in 2007. The development and
implementation process of this directive should be closely followed and the possible inclusion of this
directive, in the related annexe, should be assessed.
For what concerns stationary engines, Parties could take into consideration the need for revising the
existing ELVs in regards to the state of art of engines and reduction techniques.
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
Other activities which could be further considered
Some activities in Annexes IV and V, are currently covered by the Directive 96/61/EC, concerning
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, IPPC [2]. Best available techniques REFerence
documents (BREFs) are equally available for these activities and could be used to evaluate if the
emission limit values might be stricter. In some of these activities (refineries, cement and nitric acid
production) EGTEI has also compiled removal efficiencies and abatement costs which can be suitable
and helpful to the analysis.
Only some major activities are taken into consideration in the Gothenburg Protocol. Parties could take
into consideration the need for including other activities responsible for significant emissions.
For what concerns passenger cars and light duty vehicles, an EC Directive (Euro 5) is being prepared.
A proposal has been issued in 2005 [8]. The development and implementation process of this directive
should be closely followed and the possible inclusion of this Directive in the related annex, should be
assessed.
For diesel engines (non-road mobile machines), new regulatory stages have been adopted in Europe
(stages IIIA, IIIB and IV) since the adoption of the Protocol in 1999: the Directive 2004/26/EC relating
to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from CI engines to be installed
on non-road machinery [9] and the Directive 2005/13/EC concerning emissions of gaseous and
particulate pollutants by engines intended to power agricultural or forestry tractors [10]. The inclusion
of these two directives in the annexes of the protocol could be considered by Parties.
For motorcycles 2 and 4-stroke, only stage I is considered in the Protocol. Since the Protocol has been
issued, new regulatory stages have been adopted in Europe: stages II and III defined in Directive
2002/51/EC [11]. The inclusion of this Directive in annexes of the Protocol could be considered by
Parties.
For mopeds, stages I and II are considered in the Protocol with the same dates of implementation
(1999 and 2002) as defined in the Directive 97/24/EC [12]. Directive 2002/51/EC specifies that the
Commission shall consider a new set of limit values (stage III) for moped, including PM emissions).
This work should be closely followed.
Many other off-road engines regulated by EC directives could be considered in the related annex.
These engines are defined as follows:


Recreational crafts 2, 4-stroke and CI engines and the Directive 2003/44/EC [7].
Small 2 and 4-stroke SI engines rated < 19 kW, SI engines covered by Directive 2002/88/EC
[8]: handheld and non-handheld engines.
5
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large
combustion plants (the LCP Directive)
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/stationary.htm#1
Directive 96/61/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (the IPPC Directive)
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ippc/index.htm
BREF for cement and lime manufacturing industries
December 2001
http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm
BREF for mineral oil and gas refineries
February 2003
http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm
BREF on Large Volume Inorganic chemicals - Ammonia, acids and fertiliser industries
Final draft – October 2006
http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm
BREF on Large Volume Inorganics – Solids and others – industry
Final draft – June 2006
http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm
EGTEI – June 2007
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Working Group on Strategies and Review – 17 – 20 September 2007
Informal Document No.2
Item 3
[7]
[8]
BREF in the production of Iron and steel
December 2001
http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm
Proposal for a
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions and on access to vehicle
repair information, amending Directive 72/306/EEC and Directive ../../EC
http://209.85.135.104/search?q=cache:LHr0-bGvNBwJ:eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DCOM:2005:0683:FIN:EN:PDF+EC+propo
sal+COM(2005)+683+final&hl=fr&gl=fr&ct=clnk&cd=1
[9]
Directive 2004/26/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004
amending Directive 97/68/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal
combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
[10]
Directive 2005/13/EC of 21 February 2005 amending Directive 2000/25/EC on the European
Parliament and of the Council concerning the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants
by engines intended to power agricultural or forestry tractors, and amending Annex I to
Directive 2003/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the typeapproval of agricultural and forestry tractors.
[11]
Directive 2002/51/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 July 2002 on the
reduction of the level of pollutant emissions from two- and three-wheel motor vehicles and
amending Directive 97/24/EC.
[12]
Directive 97/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 1997 on certain
components and characteristics of two or three-wheel motor vehicles.
[13]
Directive 2003/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 June 2003
amending Directive 94/25/EC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative
provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft.
[14]
Directive 2002/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 December 2002
amending Directive 97/68/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal
combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
[15]
Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating
to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC [Official
Journal L 350, 28.12.1998].
[16]
Directive 2003/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 March 2003
amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels.
EC Directive 1999/32/EC of 26 April 1999 relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of
certain liquid fuels and amending Directive 93/12/EEC.
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/1999/l_121/l_12119990511en00130018.pdf
BREF on LCP
http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm
[17]
[18]
[19]
Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997 on
the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission
of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in nonroad mobile machinery.
[20]
Directive 2000/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2000 on action
to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants by engines intended to
power agricultural or forestry tractors and amending council Directive 74/150/EEC.
EGTEI – June 2007