Cooperation and Competition
in Development Regions
Andac Arikan
Hans-Peter Brunner
Jeroen Struben
Research Question
Countries or regions sometimes intend to attract
companies to stimulate and develop their localeconomy…
“How do different local and non-local companies
interact with each other and with their
environment; what are parameters of interest for
understanding spatial dynamics, patterns of
emergence and stability?”
Modeling Approach
Highly stylized CA model (400 cells) - main
characteristics:
Entities A (non-locals) & B (locals)
States of cells (A, B, X=Empty)
Regional influence: NN; +/- Feedback through
activation or inhibition (JAA, JAB, JBA, JBB)
Non-homogeneity in regional attractiveness (HH, HM,
HL, H0)
Basic Concept
JAA
-1
JAB
JBA
0
SAi (t)  sign[H  J AA
JBB
0
HH
-1
S
rij RAA
HM
0
Aj
HL
0
HO
0
(t 1) J AB
0
S
rij RAB
 Part of total equation projected:
Forces acting on non-local corporations
Bj
(t 1)];
Base-case: intratype competition; no
cooperation
JAA
JAB
-1
JBA
0
JBB
0
-1
X
X
X
X
X
X
A
X
X
X
B
X
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B
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A
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A
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A
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A
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A
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A
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A
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A
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A
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A
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A
B
X
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B
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A
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A
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A
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B
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B
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B
A
X
X
X
A
X
X
A
X
X
X
X
A
HH
HM
0
HL
0
HO
0
0
Typical behavior:
 Disordered patterns
of isolated
corporations
 Stability
Intertype cooperation and intratype
competition
JAA
JAB
-1
JBA
4
JBB
1
HH
-4
HM
0
HL
0
HO
0
0
X
B
X
B
X
B
X
X
X
X
B
B
X
B
X
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B
A
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A
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A
X
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B
A
B
X
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X
B
A
A
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A
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A
X
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A
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B
A
B
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B
B
B
B
B
B
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B
A
A
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A
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B
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A
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A
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A
A
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B
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B
A
B
A
B
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B
B
B
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B
X
A
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A
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B
A
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B
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A
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A
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B
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A
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A
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A
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A
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B
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A
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B
A
B
A
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A
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A
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A
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B
X
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X
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B
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A
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A
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A
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B
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X
A
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B
B
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X
A
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A
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A
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B
X
A
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A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
X
A
B
X
B
A
X
A
A
X
A
B
B
B
A
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
B
X
B
X
B
A
B
X
B
X
B
X
X
B
X
X
X
A
X
X
X
X
A
B
B
B
B
X
X
X
A
X
X
B
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
X
A
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A
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A
X
B
B
B
X
B
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B
X
A
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
B
X
B
B
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B
B
X
X
A
A
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A
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A
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B
A
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A
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X
A
B
B
B
A
X
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A
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A
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B
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X
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
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B
B
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B
B
A
B
A
X
X
A
B
B
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A
B
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
X
B
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
A
X
X
A
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A
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A
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B
B
A
X
A
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A
X
A
B
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
B
 Local stability surrounded by strongly oscillating
regions
 Note: artifact of 1 timescale
Intertype cooperation and local
competition
JAA
JAB
1
JBA
4
JBB
1
HH
-3
X
B
X
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
B
B
B
A
X
X
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X
B
A
X
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A
B
X
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B
X
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X
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X
X
X
B
A
B
B
X
B
X
B
A
B
X
X
X
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X
X
X
X
X
X
B
X
B
X
X
X
X
A
B
A
B
X
X
B
B
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
X
B
A
B
X
X
X
A
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
A
B
X
X
B
B
B
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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X
X
X
B
B
X
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B
A
B
X
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A
B
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B
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X
B
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X
X
X
X
X
B
A
B
X
X
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B
A
B
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X
X
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B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
HM
0
HL
0
HO
0
0
Typical behavior:
 Emergence of clusters
(embedded non-local
corporations), mainly at
boundary
 Stability
 Initial conditions matter
(especially in terms of
abundance of local
corporations!)
Intertype cooperation and local competition in a
development region
JAA
JAB
3
JBA
1
JBB
1
-3
X
X
B
B
A
B
X
B
A
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
A
A
B
X
B
A
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
B
B
A
A
B
X
B
A
B
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
A
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
A
B
A
X
X
B
B
B
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
B
A
B
B
B
B
A
A
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
X
B
X
X
A
A
B
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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X
B
X
X
X
B
B
A
A
A
X
X
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X
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X
X
X
X
X
B
B
A
B
X
X
X
X
X
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B
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B
X
B
X
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X
X
X
X
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X
X
B
A
A
B
X
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X
X
A
A
B
X
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X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
B
B
X
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X
X
X
X
X
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X
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X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
HH
HM
1
HL
0
HO
0
0
Typical behavior:
 Emergence of a large
development cluster
(embedded non-local
corporations)
 Stability
Intratype cooperation and intertype competition
JAA
JAB
2
JBA
-1
JBB
-1
HH
2
HM
0
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
X
X
X
A
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
X
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
A
A
X
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
A
A
A
A
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
HL
0
HO
0
0
Typical behavior:
 Emergence isolated
and separated islands
of types
 Stability
Intratype cooperation and intertype competition,
in asymmetric landscape
JAA
JAB
2
JBA
-1
JBB
-1
2
A
B
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
X
X
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
X
B
B
X
A
A
A
B
B
X
A
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
B
B
B
B
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
B
X
A
X
B
B
B
X
A
A
X
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
X
B
B
A
A
A
X
B
B
B
A
A
X
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
X
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
B
A
A
A
A
X
B
B
A
A
X
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
X
B
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
HH
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
HM
1
HL
0
HO
0
0
Typical behavior:
 Emergence of a
interaction patterns in
attractive region,
followed by strict
separation in less
attractive region
 Stability