Wireless Application Protocol
WAP- Wireless Application Protocol
Deck
WML
HTTP
Browser
WAP
Server
WEB
Gateway
WAP
Content
IP
WAP browsing exchange
Browser
Dial
connection
WAP
Gateway
Initial URL
Deck &
History
Card1
Initial card
Initial deck
Initial deck
Web server
Initial URL
Initial deck
Content/
Application
Initial URL
Initial deck
Within deck
scripting
HREF
CardX
New cards
New deck
WTAI
HREF URL
New deck
HREF URL
New deck
Drop
Dial
connection
HREF URL
New deck
phone
WAP Protocol Stack
Wireless Markup Language
HTML
WAP Binary XML Content Format
Wireless Session Protocol (incl. HTTP1.1)
HTTP
Wireless Transaction Protocol
TCP
Wireless Transport Layer Security
Wireless Datagram Protocol (or UDP)
bearers
IP
Samples
Wireless Markup Language - WML
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XML based Language
Emphasis, Alignment, Tables
Buttons (Navigation mechanisms)
Actions
Variables
Script
Images - WBMP & local & alternate text
Wireless Markup Language
Prologue (XML/WML version)
Deck
Template (defaults for cards in deck)
Card…
Do…
Paragraphs
Input
Sample deck
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<template>
<do type="options" label="Help">
<go href="#helpcard" />
</do>
<!- <do type="options" label="Back"><prev/></do> -->
</template>
<card id="intro" title="Intro">
<do type="accept" label="Go!" optional="false">
<go href="#startcard"/> </do>
<p>Welcome to myWAP!
</p></card>
<card id="startcard" title="Content">
<p>In the wonderful world of <em>WAP</em>, there is much intro, but no content.</p></card>
<card id="helpcard" title="Help">
<p>As usual, no help is available</p></card>
</wml>
More examples
Phone.com
Microsoft
Accept
Back
Form processing
<wml>
<card id="login" title="login">
<onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent>
<do type="accept" label="outbox" optional="false"> <go href="#outbox"/> </do>
<p><img localsrc="outbox" src="" alt=""/>
To:<input name="email" emptyok="false" maxlength="128" format="*a\@*a"/><br/>
Password: <input name="pwd" type="password" maxlength="32" format="*N"/></p></card>
<card id="outbox" title="Outbox" ontimer="#send">
<onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent>
<timer name="thinktime" value="100"/>
<do type="accept" label="send"><go href="#send"/> </do>
<p>Send '$(pwd)' to $(email)?</p></card>
<card id="send">
<onevent type="onenterforward">
<go href="http://mango/cgi-bin/wap-send-email.sh?$(email)"/></onevent>
<onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent>
<p>Failed to send to $(email).</p></card>
</wml>
Dynamic WML
Same techniques as for HTML, but set content-type
Detect agent type (name, supports, …)
Cookies & rewriting
Available buttons, e.g. back
Screen size
Image support
Gateways
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Identity
Compilation
Size restriction
Speed
Limit of size of the WEB accessible
gateway
Compress
+Security
wireless
cookies
Captive
WEB
Browsers
Phones
PDAs
Simulators
Browser consistency
• Buttons
• Cookies
• History
• Timers
• FILE://
• Cache bugs
• Images
• Bold/italic,…
• WMLscript
• POST method
• WTAI
• Security
• WML compilation
• Proxy authentication
Limitations of technology
Screen size, resolution, colour
Input devices
Bandwidth
Latency
Deck size
Future
More bandwidth (3G wireless)• GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
• UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecom System
User Agent Profiles
Security
Location determination
Local services/always on
Alternative
NTT DoCoMo ‘iMode’
Unwired Planet (Phone.com) - HDML
References
http://www.wapforum.org
http://developer.phone.com
http://forum.nokia.com
http://mobileinternet.ericsson.se
http://www.developer.ericsson.com.au
http://www.winwap.com
http://www.microsoft.com/mobile/phones/mme
http://www.nttdocomo.com
citron:/home/horton/doc/WAP/WAP.ppt (these slides)
http://mango/home/… (for WML content type)
http://zero:81/index.wml