CORE 40 TEST REVIEW
EVOLUTION
Standard 8: Evolution
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Core Standard
Describe how biochemical, fossil, anatomical, developmental, and genetic findings are used to determine relationships
among organisms and how those relationships are then used to produce modern classification systems. (B.8.1, B.8.2,
B.8.3, B.8.4)
Core Standard
Describe how modern evolutionary theory provides an explanation of the history of life on earth and the similarities among
organisms that exist today. (B.8.5, B.8.6, B.8.7)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B.8.1
Explain how anatomical and molecular similarities among organisms suggests that life on earth began as
simple, one-celled organisms about 4 billion years ago and multicellular organisms evolved later.
B.8.2
Explain how organisms are classified and named based on their evolutionary relationships into taxonomic
categories.
B.8.3
Use anatomical and molecular evidence to establish evolutionary relationships among organisms.
B.8.4
Understand that molecular evidence supports the anatomical evidence for these evolutionary relationships and
provides additional information about the order in which different lines of descent branched.
B.8.5
Describe how organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genetic
information due to genetic variations, environmental forces and reproductive pressures.
B.8.6
Explain how genetic variation within a population (i.e., a species) can be attributed to mutations as well as
random assortments of existing genes.
B.8.7
Describe the modern scientific theory of the origins and history of life on earth and evaluate the evidence that
supports it.
Key Concepts to Expect on the Test:
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Homologous, Analogous, and vestigial structures.
DNA and Amino Acid comparisons between organisms
Endosymbiont Theory (folded membranes in organelles)
Cladograms and Phylograms
Natural Selection (Definition and Application)
Mutation and Inheritance
1.
a. In your own words, define natural selection. (BTW who came up with this theory?)
b. In your own words, define evolution.
c. Why don’t individuals evolve? We always say a “Species” will evolve but not the
individual---Explain.
d. *****How can scientists use DNA to make comparisons between different species in
order to explain how natural selection and DNA mutations have been the driving force
behind evolution?
2.
A
Which layer of rock is the oldest?
B
_________
C
Which fossil probably is the
youngest?
D
E
_________
At what point in time did this
particular area switch from aquatic to
terrestrial (land)?_____________
3. Illustrate the endosymbiont theory below using prokaryotes and chloroplasts.
4. The inner membrane of mitochondria is folded. What advantage does this present for
the effectiveness of this organelle?
5. Draw a simple cladogram below and include the structural advantage that helped the
evolution progress.
7. What are the similarities and differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
8. List the six kingdoms of life below
9.
The number represent the differences
in DNA markers on the protein in
different species.
So……..
What difference do humans have
with carp?_______
Who has least difference with
rattlesnake? ________
How many differences do we have
with
Chimpanzees? ___________
10.
What kind of structures do we call these using
natural selection terminology?
What is significant about them as far as evolution is
concerned?
11.
Look at all the different varieties of “Honeycreeper”
species of birds. They live on the islands of Hawaii.
How did we get so many variations of species?
Why is the survival of the Honeycreeper depending
heavily on the fact that we have different
variations?
12. Use your chapter to explain
Genetic Drift
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evolution
Divergent Evolution