Gender Statistics for monitoring MDGs
(Situation in Pakistan)
Rabia Awan
Chief Statistical Officer
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Pakistan’s progress in MDGs
Goal 2:-Achieve Universal Primary Education
88
35
46
1990-91
53
54
55
56
57
52
53
56
55
57
58
100
45
42
2001-02
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
Literacy rate (%)
2008-09
56
2010-11
MDG
Target
2015
Net primary enrolment ratio (%)
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Pakistan’s progress in MDGs
Goal 3:-Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
14(MDG target)
10.93
9.65
10.11
10.53
10.64
10.64
9.89
Share of women in
wage employment in
the non-agriculture
sector
Youth literacy GPI
8.07
Gender Parity index
(GPI) for Secondary
0.51
00.73
1990-91
0.65
0.75
0.82
2001-02
0.68
0.77
0.85
2004-05
0.78
0.78
0.85
2005-06
0.75
0.78
0.85
2006-07
0.78
0.84
0.88
2007-08
0.78
0.81
0.88
2008-09
0.79
0.85
0.88
2010-11
1
0.94
1
MDG Target
2015
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Gender parity index
(GPI) for primary *,
Pakistan’s progress in MDGs
Goal 4:-Reduce Child Mortality
26
14
80
78
12
76
11
77
10
76
10
79
11
10
90
Proportion of children under five who suffered from
diarrhea in the last 30 days and received ORS
81
12
57
90
77
75
71
76
73
78
81
Proportion of under 1 year children immunized
against measles
53
Proportion of fully immunized children 12-23 months
1990-91
2001-02
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2010-11
MDG
Target 2015
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Major Gender Gaps in Pakistan
Indicator
Male
Female
Total
Literacy(%)
69
46
58
Net Enrolment Rate
60
53
56
100
83
92
22
19
20
Gross Enrolment Rate
(middle level)(%)
59
48
54
Immunization(fully
immunized)(%)
82
79
81
Labour Force (%)
49
15
(primary level)(%)
Gross Enrolment Rate (primary
level)
Net Enrolment Rate
(middle level)(%)
32
Source:- PSLM Survey 2010-11
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Gender Gaps
 Adult literacy rate for both men and women is only 55.5%
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whereas its dismally low (34%) for women in rural areas
Unemployment rate for women is 8.9% as against 5.1% for men
1.8% of women working as legislators, senior officials and
managers as compared to 14.8% men) between 2009-10, and
women held seats in Parliament ( 22.20% in 2008-09).
Empirical evidence for growing levels of violence against women
exists which include abduction, honour killing, rape, acid attacks,
murder and domestic violence
According to a National NGO, 6.74% increase in incidents of
violence against women noticed in 2011 as compared to 2010.
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Achievements in Gender Statistics
Data Exists
 GoP
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is committed towards gender equality and women
empowerment. Pakistan
is signatory to several International
commitments like CEDAW 1996 , Beijing Platform for Action and
various ILO conventions.
PSLM introduced in 2004-05 for monitoring MDGs produces
provincial/district level sex disaggregated information.
Labour Force Survey, Census reports, Pakistan demographic survey,
Pakistan demographic health surveys also produce sex disaggregated
information.
PBS also publish “Compendium on Gender Statistics”(every five years)
Time use survey has been conducted by PBS in 2007 and report has
been published
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Contd;
Data Dissemination
 Micro or raw data is disseminated after finalization of report for
research and analysis purpose.
 Published reports (PSLM, Labour Force Survey, Time use survey,
District Census) are available with PBS.
 Published data is also available on PBS website.
 Compendium of Gender Statistics is published every five years with
the assistance of donor agencies.
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Data utilization
Contd;
 Data of social indicators like NER, Literacy, Infant mortality rate etc is
used by Planning Division for monitoring the progress of MDGS and
future planning.
 Ministry Of Finance use data for tracking the progress of programs
initiated through Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP).
 Donors, International Financial Institutions (World Bank, Asian
Development Bank), UN agencies, Civil Society Organizations and
Media use data for planning, reporting and monitoring.
 Students and researchers use data for their research and analysis
purpose.
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Examples of Data used in developing gender
responsive programs
 “ Provision of Missing Facilities” for promoting girls education
under President Education Sector Reform Program.(results of these
programs will be shown after of finalization of current round of PSLM)
 Girls Education Policy Support Project (GEPSP) contributing
towards elimination of gender disparity at Primary level. (Girls enrolment
increased specifically in Punjab and KPK)
 Benazir Income Support Program(BISP) GoP social safety net
program to address the needs of the vulnerable women and improve
their socio-economic status. .(results of these programs will be shown after
finalization of current round of PSLM)
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Data Monitoring
 Pakistan Bureau of Statistics(PBS) is responsible for collection, processing
and tabulation of most of the indicators.
 14 out of 37 MDG indicators are monitored by PSLM Surveys, which is a
regular activity of this bureau since 2004-05 and will continue till 2015.
 Labour force Survey(LFS) monitors indicators of MDG regarding Labour
force Participation and Unemployment
 Pakistan Demographic Survey (PDS) is also a regular activity of PBS
 Pakistan Demographic Health Survey(PDHS) conducted by National
Institute of Population Studies(NIPS) monitors data especially on
reproductive health issues
 In upcoming Census, efforts are underway to collect and present gender
disaggregated data on all major indicators
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Challenges/Constraints in Data Flow
 No legal framework for gender statistics.
 No national/provincial plans for the collection, dissemination and
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utilization of Gender Statistics.
Insufficient data for monitoring and reporting progress on women
development programs and policies.
Lack of data on issues like poverty, on-farm gender division of labour,
violence against women, and household responsibilities, etc.
Lack of coordination (departments and ministries).
Limited utilization of data for policy making and planning.
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
Challenges/Constraints in Data Flow
(Contd)
 Delay in publishing data.
 Lack of user friendly data.
 Limited capacity in analyzing and presenting data at the national
and provincial level.
 Lack of resources, both human and financial.
 No emphasis on data dissemination and communication.
 Post 18th amendment Education, Health, Population Welfare,
women development and Agriculture are provincial subjects – no
proper data collection strategies at provincial level.
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the the MDGs June 13-15
Recommendations
 Legislation and effective implementation of law for gender statistics is
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required.
Improved coordination and linkages amongst Planning, Finance and PBS.
Capacity building of producers and users in data analysis and utilization.
User friendly data dissemination.
Regular interaction between users and producers for feedback and
utilization of data.
Demand for evidence based policy making needs to be created.
Introduction of methodologies and data collection tools for improved
qualitative research in gender specific issues.
Opportunities exist at provincial and national level to connect data
collection, policy development under the new economic growth strategy.
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15
THANK YOU
Regional Conference on Public Sector Management in Support of the MDGs June 13-15