.?< <% 6'<'7% 6< .?,<'.,
)! <+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20 += C)! 0C+20;= )!<C )<+CJ
=G+0( .+G!= C)<2F() 4+20!!<+0( <!=!<) 4C+!0C <!
0 G+C. +0%2</C+207
%< C.? , . !.6 ?7
! <!.J 20 20C+20= C2 20C+0F! 2F< G+C. H2<-7
% J2F H2F. .+-! C2 /-! 20C+20 C2 C)! <+C+=)
!<C 2F0 C+20 4.!=! <+0( 2F< 6'< 6 %.<*',
20 E8E 9E9 ==-- 2< 20CC F= C)<2F() 2F< H!=+C!
C %!3.6$3?):.,< 2< =!0 +C C2 F= C C)! <!==
20 C)! - 2G!<7 < +% J2F <! C)+0-+0( 2% /-+0(
2< F4 C+0( J2F< H+.. 0 H+=) C2 /-! (+%C C2 C)!
.. E>E 8#8 8/> 2< !/+. *$C%!3.6$3?)
0 =- %2< 2F< %<!! 22-.!C ..! 1 $)-%$'
6'<'7% 6< .?,<'., A7'<
2F /J %+0 2C)!< F=!%F. +0%2</C+20 20 2F< H!=+C! C
%!3.6$3?)
.,<,<7
2FC C)+= 22-.!C '
0C<2 FC+20 &
C2<= C)C /J %%!C J2F< <!CF<0 C2 H2<- ?
2F< )!<C 20 +C+203L
)! CJ4! 2% C<!C/!0C J2F 0!! 0 C)!
<!2G!<J C+/!3E
)! CJ4! 2% H2<- J2F 23&
<+G+0(3?
C)!< %C2<=31
<.J <!C+<!/!0C 2< <! F0 0J E"
CCFC2<J +- J /4.2J/!0C 0 F442<C
..2H0! 0 2C)!< !0!%+C= DL
)! +=+.+CJ +=<+/+0C+20 C DD
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- # +<J 0 )!-.+=C D&
)0(+0( ,2= !F=! 2% J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20 'D
2.F0C<J H2<-'&
!!4+0( H!.. C H2<-'?
2< /2<! +0%2</C+20&L
!%!<!0!&@
0 !I&?
G! J2F< =J&"
.?< <%'7 ..)*<
% J2F )G! ,F=C !!0 +(02=! H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20 2<
+% J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20 )= <!!0C.J (2C H2<=! 2< +% J2F
)G! ) )!<C =F<(!<J J2F /J ! H2<<+! 2FC
H)!C)!< J2F 0 <<J 20 H2<-+0( 2< )2H =220 J2F 0
(2 -7 ) 4!<=20;= +<F/=C0!= <! +%%!<!0C =2 +C
+= 02C 42==+.! C2 =J !IC.J )2H .20( J2F H+.. 0!! C2
=CJ 2%% H2<- %2<7 2H!G!< C)+= 22-.!C 2FC.+0!= C)!
%C2<= J2F 0!! C2 C-! +0C2 2F0C H)!0 !+ +0(
H)!0 C2 (2 - C2 H2<- H+C) J2F< )!<C 20 +C+207
)+= 22-.!C += 02C =F=C+CFC! %2< C)! G+! J2F< 2C2<
2< < +2.2(+=C 5)!<C =4!+.+=C6 /J (+G! J2F =! 20
)+= 2< )!< -02H.! (! 2% J2F< 20 +C+207
'
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
,<6.?<'.,
!24.! <!C +0 +%%!<!0C HJ= H)!0 C)!J <! C2. C)C
C)!J )G! )!<C 20 +C+207 2/! 4!24.! H0C C2 (!C
- C2 C)!+< 02</. <2FC+0! 0 !=4!+..J C2 C)!+< F=F.
H2<- = =220 = 42==+.!7 C)!<= !+ ! C2 )0(!
!<C+0 <!= 2% C)!+< .+%! =F) = C)! CJ4! 2% H2<- C)!J 2
2< H)!<! C)!J .+G!7
)! (22 0!H= += C)C /2=C 4!24.! 2 <!CF<0 C2 H2<!G!0 C)2F() C)!J )G! !!0 +(02=! H+C) )!<C
20 +C+20 2< ) )!<C 4<2! F<! +0 )2=4+C.7 2/! (2
- C2 !IC.J C)! =/! ,2 C)!J H!<! 2+0( !%2<! 0
=2/! /-! )0(!= C2 C)!+< H2<-.2 2< C)!+< <2.!7
C)!<= /J !+ ! C2 (+G! F4 C)!+< F<<!0C ,2 0
<!C<+0 %2< .!== 4)J=+..J !/0 +0( ,27
0 C)! 4=C /0J 4!24.! ==F/! C)C C)2=! H)2 H!<! +..
# %2< !I/4.! H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20 # 2F. 02C =CJ +0
H2<-7 2H!G!< /0J 4!24.! H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20 02H
<<J 20 H2<-+0(7 0 <!!0C !G+ !0! =F((!=C= C)C
H2<- 0 !G!0 ! (22 %2< )!.C)7 C 0 )!.4 H+C)
%C2<= =F) = %!!.+0( +=2.C! 2< !4<!==! H)+) 0
! F=! J .20(*C!</ F0!/4.2J/!0C73
)! /+0 <!=20 C)C /2=C 2% F= H2<- += C2 4<2G+ ! 0
+02/!7 )! H2<- H! 2 0 .=2 4.J =+(0+%+0C <2.! +0
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
&
2F< =!.%*!=C!!/ 0 (!0!<. )!.C) 0 H!..!+0(7 C +=
2%C!0 C H2<- C)C H! /!!C /0J 2% 2F< %<+!0 = 0
=2+. 20CC=7 2 <!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- 0 ! 0
+/42<C0C 4<C 2% J2F< <!2G!<J %<2/ )!<C 20 +C+20
=F) = )!<C CC-7 )<2F()2FC C)+= 22-.!C H! 2%%!<
+0%2</C+20 C)C H+.. )!.4 J2F /-! =/22C) <!CF<0 C2
H2<-7
% J2F )G! H!.. C)2F()C*C)<2F() 4.0 %2< <!CF<0+0( C2
H2<- J2F /+()C ! .! C2 (2 - C2 )G+0( = %F.. <2.! = 42==+.! +0 J2F< H2<-4.!7 < J2F /+()C 0!! C2
%+0 /2<! <!.+=C+ 24C+207
% J2F !+ ! 02C C2 (2 - C2 J2F< 4<!G+2F= 4+ H2<-
J2F /J ! .! C2 %+0 ,2 =C+=%C+20 C)<2F() 2C)!<
%2</= 2% H2<-7 2< !I/4.! J2F /J ! +0C!<!=C! +0
4<C*C+/! G2.F0C<J H2<- !+C)!< = =C!44+0( =C20! C2
02C)!< ,2 2< = 4<C 2% J2F< <!C+<!/!0C7 5! !I4.+0
/2<! 2FC G2.F0C<J H2<- 20 4(! '&76
@
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
<.67 <%< +C !!< C.?6 6<?6, <.
A.6)
)!<! <! =!G!<. C)+0(= J2F 0!! C2 C-! 2F0C 2%
H)!0 J2F <! C)+0-+0( 2FC <!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+207
% <C0 .! %6< .,'<'., C.? %@ 0 H)!C)!< 2<
02C J2F< 20 +C+20 += =C.! 0 F0 !< 20C<2.7
% <C0 .! <6<+,< C.? , 0 )2H .20( +C H+..
C-! J2F C2 <!2G!< %C!< C)! C<!C/!0C7
% <C0 .! A.6) C.? . %2< !I/4.! H)!C)!< J2F<
,2 +0G2.G!= )!GJ .+%C+0( 2< +((+0( 2< 24!<C+0(
)!GJ !8F+4/!0C7
%<%6 C.? , 6'@',$ *', <. . C.?6 (.
0 +% =2 H)C CJ4! 2% .+!0!7
C)!< %C2<= +0.F !
)2H %< J2F )G! C2 C<G!. C2 (!C C2 H2< )2H =C<!==%F. J2F %+0 J2F< ,2
J2F< .!G!. 2% 20%+ !0! 0 H)!C)!< J2F %!!. 0I+2F=
2FC J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20
H)!C)!< J2F< H2<-4.! 2< 4<2%!==+20. 2<(0+=C+20
5C)! 2<(0+=C+20 C)C <!(F.C!= C)! CJ4! 2% H2<- J2F
26 )= =4!+%+ <!(F.C+20= 2FC H)!C)!< 0 H)!0
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
?
J2F 0 <!CF<0 C2 H2<- H+C) J2F< 4<C+F.< )!<C
20 +C+20
H)C )!.4 J2F< H2<-4.! 0 2%%!< J2F # %2< !I/4.!
)!.4 %<2/ 0 2F4C+20. )!.C) !4<C/!0C 2< J
2%%!<+0( (< F. <!CF<0 C2 H2<-
H)!C)!< J2F <! =!.%*!/4.2J! 0
%/+.J 2//+C/!0C= # %2< !I/4.! +% J2F <! C)! /+0
<!< %2< J2F< 4<C0!< 2< %2< <!.C+G! 2< %<+!0 7
! .22- C .. C)!=! %C2<= 20 4(!= 3L C2 E?7
2F H+.. .=2 0!! C2 C-! 2F0C 2% J2F< %+00+.
42=+C+207 0 4(! DL H! (+G! !C+.= 2% C)! !0!%+C= J2F
/J ! !0C+C.! C27
*0 A'<% +)',$ C.?6 '7'.,
% 2F<=! J2F .=2 0!! C2 C-! 2F0C 2% )2H C.?
C)+0- J2F< H2<- /+()C %%!C J2F< 20 +C+207 2F< .<.6
2< 6'.*.$'7< 2< 0 .?0<'.,* %*<% @'76 C
J2F< H2<-4.! 5+% J2F< H2<-4.! )= 20!6 /J ! .!
C2 )!.4 J2F H+C) C)+=7
6' 6%'*'<<'., 06.$6++
2F< )2=4+C. /J )G! +0G+C! J2F C2 < +
<!)+.+CC+20 4<2(<//!7 < + <!)+.+CC+20 H+..
)!.4 J2F +/4<2G! J2F< 4)J=+. +.+CJ 0 <!2G!<J %C!<
)!<C =F<(!<J 2< )!<C CC-7 C 0 .=2 2%%!< "
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
=F442<C+G! !0G+<20/!0C %2< J2F C2 C.- H+C) )!.C)<!
4<2%!==+20.= 2FC <!CF<0+0( C2 H2<-7
2< /2<! +0%2</C+20 20 < + <!)+.+CC+20 =!! 2F<
22-.!C ) )"--%$'
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
1
.?6 %6< .,'<'.,
)! CJ4! 2% )!<C 20 +C+20 J2F )G! )2H =!G!<! +C +=
0 H)!C)!< J2F< 20 +C+20 += =C.! H+.. ! /,2< %C2<=
+0 )2H =220 J2F 0 <!CF<0 C2 H2<-7 2< !I/4.! J2F
/J )G!
.6.,6C %6< '77 50(+0 0 )!<C CC-6
, 66%C<%+' 50 02</. )!<C <)JC)/6
@*@?*6 %6< '77 5 +=!=! 2% C)! )!<C G.G!=6
6'.+C.0<%C 5 +=!=! 2% C)! )!<C /F=.!6
.,$,'<* %6< '77 5)!<C +=!=! C)C J2F H!<!
2<0 H+C)67
! 0 (+G! J2F /2<! +0%2</C+20 20 .. C)!=! )!<C
20 +C+20= # =!! 4(! &L7
! C.? %@ % %6< <<) C)! .!0(C) 2% C+/! J2F
H+.. 0!! 2%% H2<- H+.. !4!0 20 C)! /2F0C 2% /(!
C)! )!<C CC- + C2 J2F< )!<C /F=.! 0 20 C)!
CJ4! 2% H2<- J2F 27 2F< < +2.2(+=C 5)!<C =4!+.+=C6
0 < + <!)+.+CC+20 C!/ H+.. )!.4 J2F C2
!+ ! H)!0 J2F <! %+C !02F() C2 <!CF<0 C2 H2<-7
% J2F )G! !!0 +(02=! H+C) %6< !'*?6 .. C)!
%C2<= /!0C+20! 20 4(! ? <! .=2 <!.!G0C H)!0
20=+ !<+0( <!CF<0+0( C2 H2<-7
3L
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
)C!G!< CJ4! 2% )!<C 20 +C+20 J2F )G! J2F <! /2<!
.+-!.J C2 ! .! C2 H2<- +% J2F< 20 +C+20 += 7<* 0
C)! 7C+0<.+7 6 A** .,<6.**3 0 /0J =!=
/! ++0!= 2< 4<2! F<!= 0 )!.4 C2 20C<2. J2F<
=J/4C2/=7 2F< 2C2< 2< < +2.2(+=C H+.. )!.4 J2F C2
%+0 2FC +% J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20 += =C.! 0 H!..
20C<2..! 7 ! 2< =)! 0 .=2 )!.4 J2F !+ ! +% J2F <!
%+C !02F() C2 H2<- 0 H+.. C!.. J2F +% J2F 0!! 0J /2<!
C!=C= 2< C<!C/!0C=7
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
33
% <C0 .! <6<+,< C.? , ,
<% 6.@6C <'+
)!<! <! G<+2F= CJ4!= 2% C<!C/!0C= %2< )!<C +=!=!7
)!<! <! C)<!! /+0 CJ4!= 2% C<!C/!0C7
6<+,< A'<% +'',73 )+= F=F..J +0G2.G!=
C-+0( C.!C= %2< .20( 4!<+2 = 2% C+/! 0 =2/!C+/!=
%2< .+%!7
,@7'@ <6<+,<73 )!=! <! C<!C/!0C= C)C +0G2.G!
G!<J =/.. H2F0 = 0 <! 2%C!0 20! H+C) ,F=C .2.
0!=C)!C+ <C)!< C)0 (!0!<. 0!=C)!C+7
I/4.!= 2% +0G=+G! C<!C/!0C= +0.F ! 2<20<J
0(+24.=CJ H+C) =C!0C %2< 2<20<J )!<C +=!=! 2<
< +2*%<!8F!0J .C+20 C<!C/!0C %2< <<)JC)/+=7
5! !=<+! C)!=! C<!C/!0C= +0 /2<! !C+. +0 2F<
22-.!C= %)%$)1 $%&"*-1 $ %)%$)1 1&**
*.))1 0 "&--%$76 2F /J =C+.. 0!! C2 C-!
/! ++0!= +% J2F )G! 0J CJ4! 2% +0G=+G! C<!C/!0C7
?6$6C3 )! C< +C+20. 44<2) C2 )!<C =F<(!<J
+0G2.G!= .<(! H2F0 .20( C)! <!=C20!7 0!H!<
44<2) ..! :/+0+/..J +0G=+G! =F<(!<J; +0G2.G!=
/-+0( =/..!< H2F0 7
)! .!0(C) 2% <!2G!<J C+/! 0!! ! %C!< !) CJ4! 2%
C<!C/!0C G<+!= !4!0 +0( 20 )2H +0G=+G! C)!
3E
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
C<!C/!0C +=7 !0!<..J =4!-+0( C)! /2<! +0G=+G! C)!
C<!C/!0C C)! .20(!< +C H+.. C-! J2F C2 <!2G!<7 2<
!I/4.! %C!< 2<20<J 0(+24.=CJ H+C) =C!0C 5
/+0+/..J +0G=+G! C<!C/!0C6 20 G!<(! 4!24.! <!
<! J C2 <!CF<0 C2 H2<- H+C)+0 H!!-7 %C!< 2<20<J
<C!<J J4== =F<(!<J 20 G!<(! 4!24.! <! <! J C2 (2
- C2 H2<- H+C)+0 CH2 C2 C)<!! /20C)=7 2H!G!< C)!=!
C+/+0(= <! 20.J <2F() (F+ !7 2/! 4!24.! (2 - C2
H2<- =220!< 0 =2/! C-! .20(!< C)0 C)+=7
% J2F< =F<(!20 F=!= C)! C< +C+20. 44<2) C2 )!<C
=F<(!<J H)+) +0G2.G!= <!-+0( C)! <!=C20! J2F<
2C2<= H+.. G+=! J2F C2 G2+ 0J )!GJ .+%C+0( F0C+. C)!
20! )= )!.! 7 )C 0 C-! 2FC C)<!! /20C)= 2<
.20(!<7
2F< <!2G!<J C+/! .=2 !4!0 = 20 J2F< 2G!<..
20 +C+20 0 )2H =F!==%F. C)! C<!C/!0C )= !!0 C
=C+.+=+0( 0 +/4<2G+0( J2F< 20 +C+207 C += 02C
42==+.! C2 (+G! !IC <!2G!<J C+/!= %2< !G!<J20! %C!<
!) CJ4! 2% C<!C/!0C7 )! !=C C)+0( C2 2 += C2 +=F==
C)+= H+C) J2F< < +2.2(+=C J2F< J2F< < +
<!)+.+CC+20 C!/ 2< J2F< 2F4C+20. )!.C) G+=!<7
! C.? 6 <)',$ ,<'.$?*,<7
% J2F 0!! C2 C-! 0C+2(F.0C= =F) = H<%<+0 %2<
J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20 J2F 0!! C2 ! H<! C)C C)+=
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
3D
/-!= J2F /2<! 4<20! C2 .!! +0(7 )+= += 4<C+F.<.J
<+=-J +% J2F 2 /0F. H2<- = J2F <! /2<! .+-!.J C2
+0,F<! J2F<=!.% C H2<-7 )+= 2!=0;C 0!!==<+.J /!0
C)C J2F 002C (2 - C2 H2<- FC J2F H2F. 0!! C2
C-! 4<C+F.< <! H+C) )!.C) 0 =%!CJ 4<!FC+20= C
H2<-7 .=2 4!24.! 20 0C+2(F.0C= 0!! C2 )G!
<!(F.< .22 C!=C= C2 /-! =F<! C)! .2CC+0( C+20 2%
C)! .22 += H+C)+0 =%! FC !%%!C+G! .!G!.=7 % J2F< ,2
+0G2.G!= H2<-+0( HJ %<2/ )2/! J2F< 2C2< /J !
.! C2 2<(0+=! %2< J2F C2 )G! )2/!*C!=C+0( -+C =2
C)C J2F 0 )!- J2F< .2CC+0( .!G!.= J2F<=!.%7 2<
/2<! +0%2</C+20 20 )2/!*C!=C+0( -+C= 20CC
0C+2(F.C+20 F<24! 20 LEL "E"1 @"?& 2< G+=+C C)!+<
H!=+C! C HHH70C+2(F.C+20!F<24!72<(
3'
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
% <C0 .! A.6) C.? .
% J2F )G! !!0 +(02=! H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20 0
J2F 2 /0F. H2<- C)C +0G2.G!= .+%C+0( 2< /2G+0( )!GJ
2,!C= J2F =)2F. +=F== C)+= H+C) J2F< 2<
< +2.2(+=C7 )!J H+.. ! .! C2 C!.. J2F H)!C)!< J2F <!
%+C !02F() C2 <!CF<0 C2 H2<-7 2F =)2F. 0;C .+%C )!GJ
2,!C= 2< 24!<C! )!GJ !8F+4/!0C +% C 0J C+/! J2F
(!C )!=C 4+0 2< +=2/%2<C 2< (!C =)2<C 2% <!C) 2<
%!!. 4.4+CC+207 0 !I!<+=! C!=C 0 =2/!C+/!= !
F=!%F. %2< H2<-+0( 2FC )2H /F) 4)J=+. C+G+CJ J2F
0 =%!.J 27 2< /2<! +0%2</C+20 20 !I!<+=! C!=C= =!! 2F< 22-.!C *-* %) )- %$-%$*'
% J2F< 2C2< )= C2. J2F C)C J2F =)2F. G2+ C)!
=2<C= 2% C+G+C+!= !=<+! 2G! J2F =)2F. C!.. J2F<
!/4.2J!<7 !..J 0!(2C+C! )0(! +0 J2F< <2.! 2<
H2<-.2 F0C+. J2F< 2C2< )= =+ +C += %2< J2F C2
<!CF<0 C2 J2F< 4<!G+2F= <2.!7 % C)+= +=0;C 42==+.! =!!
$$ %* .* % 1%.) )- %$-%$ 20 4(! 'D
%2< /2<! +0%2</C+207
% J2F )G! =+CC+0(* 2H0 ,2 # %2< !I/4.! +% J2F H2<C !=- H+C) 2/4FC!< # J2F H+.. 4<2.J ! .! C2
<!CF<0 C2 H2<- =220!< C)0 =2/!20! H)2 )= /0F.
,27 2H!G!< J2F /J %+0 C)C J2F H0C C2 0!(2C+C! )0(! +0 J2F< <2.! F0C+. J2F;<! 20%+ !0C C)C J2F 0
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
3&
C-! 20 C)! =/! H2<-.2 = !%2<!7
2/! ,2= +0G2.G! 2/+0C+20 2% 2C) 4)J=+. 0
!/2C+20. !/0 = 0 <!=420=++.+C+!= # %2< !I/4.! +%
J2F;<! C!)!< 2< 0 C2<7 2F H+.. 0!! C2 C)+0- 2FC
)2H J2F H+.. 24! H+C) C)!=! !/0 = H)!0 20=+ !<+0(
H)!0 C2 <!CF<0 C2 H2<-7
)C!G!< ,2 J2F )G! # !+C)!< /0F. 2< 2%%+!*=! 2<
2/+0C+20 2% 2C) # +C H2F. ! (22 + ! C2 %+0
2FC H)C /! +. =F442<C += G+..! C J2F< H2<-4.!7
)+= H2F. ! !=4!+..J +/42<C0C +% J2F H!<! +0,F<! 2<
!/! F0H!.. H)+.! C H2<-7
3@
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
6'@',$
2=C 4!24.! H)2 )G! )!<C 20 +C+20 0 20C+0F! C2
<+G!7 2H!G!< C)+= !4!0 = 20 H)C =2<C 2% )!<C
20 +C+20 J2F )G! 0 H)!C)!< J2F )G! 0J
=J/4C2/=7 C .=2 !4!0 = 20 C)! CJ4! 2% C<!C/!0C J2F
/J )G! ) 7
)! <+G!< 0 !)+.! +!0=+0( FC)2<+CJ 56
4<2G+ != 0C+20. /! +. (F+ !.+0!= 20 !+0( %+C C2 <+G!7
)! +0%2</C+20 += C2 )!.4 2C2<= (+G! G+! C2 C)!+<
4C+!0C=7 2F 0 =!! C)! (F+ !.+0!= 20 C)! H!=+C!
C HHH7 G.7(2G7F-7 2F 0 20CC J2F< 2C2< C2
+=F== J2F< =+CFC+20 2< .. C)! 20 L"?L @LL LDL37
0 C)! +0C!<!=C= 2% <2 =%!CJ J2F =)2F. 02C <+G! +% J2F
=F%%!< %<2/ /! +. 20 +C+20 C)C /+()C =F !0.J
F=! J2F C2 .2=! 20C<2. H)+.! J2F <! <+G+0( 2< +% J2F
002C =%!.J 20C<2. J2F< G!)+.! %2< 0J 2C)!< <!=207
! C.? %@ *', <. 6'@ *6$ $..7 @%'*
12 .6 077,$6&66C',$ @%'* 12
% J2F )G! 20! 2% C)!=! .+!0!= J2F /F=C .!C C)! <+G!<
0 !)+.! +!0=+0( FC)2<+CJ 56 -02H C)C J2F
)G! )!<C 4<2.!/7 )+= += !F=! =4!+. <!(F.C+20=
H+.. 44.J7 !4!0 +0( 20 J2F< 20 +C+20 C)! H+..
=- J2F< .2. )2=4+C. C2 <<J 2FC G<+2F= C!=C=7 )!
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
3?
<!=F.C= 2% C)!=! C!=C= H+.. )!.4 C)! !+ ! H)!C)!<
J2F 0 -!!4 J2F< .+!0!7
.? 7%.?* *AC7 *< C.?6 6 ',7?6, .+0,C
),.A .?< C.?6 %6< 06.*+ <. +) 7?6 <%< C.?6
6 ',7?6, '7 7<'** @*'3
3"
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
<%6 !<.67
6@**',$ <'+ <. A.6)
)!<! += 02 !G+ !0! C2 =J C)C C<G!..+0( .20( +=C0!
C2 H2<- !G!<J J H+.. /-! J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20 H2<=!7
% J2F )G! / ! (22 <!2G!<J %<2/ J2F< )!<C
20 +C+20 0 J2F< 20 +C+20 += =C.! C)!<! /J ! 02
<!=20 H)J J2F 0;C (2 - C2 J2F< F=F. <2FC+0!
+0.F +0( C<G!..+0( C2 H2<-7 C H2F. ! H+=! C2 =4!- C2
J2F< 2C2< < +2.2(+=C 2< 0F<=! 2FC C)+=7
2H!G!< =2/! 4!24.! 0 %+0 C)! ,2F<0!J C2 H2<=C<!==%F. !=4!+..J +% C)!J )G! C2 C<G!. .20( +=C0!
C)!<! 0 - !G!<J J7 )! !+=+20 2FC H)!C)!< 2<
02C C2 <<J 20 C<G!..+0( .20( +=C0! C2 H2<- += 20!
J2F H+.. 4<2.J )G! C2 H!+() F4 .20( H+C) .. C)!
2C)!< %C2<= /!0C+20! +0 C)+= 22-.!C7
<677
C<!== (!0!<..J )44!0= H)!0 H! %!!. F0.! C2 24!
H+C) )+() !/0 = C)C <! 4.! 20 F=7 2< !I/4.!
J2F /+()C )G! H2<-.2 C)C J2F 0 F=F..J 24!
H+C) G!<J H!.. FC +% J2F;<! %!!.+0( F0H!.. +C 0 !2/!
C22 /F)7
2/! 4!24.! H2<<J C)C C)! =C<!== %<2/ C)!+< ,2 2F.
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
31
/-! C)!+< )!<C 20 +C+20 H2<=! 2< +0<!=! C)!+< <+=- 2%
)G+0( 2/4.+C+20= =F) = )!<C CC-7 )!<! += 02
%+</ !G+ !0! 2FC H)!C)!< =C<!== 0 F=!
< +2G=F.< +=!=! FC H! -02H C)C 4!24.! H)2 <!
=C<!==! <! /2<! .+-!.J C2 )G! F0)!.C)J !)G+2F<
H)+) 0 %%!C C)!+< )!<C7
C += +/42<C0C C2 <!/!/!< C)C =2/! =C<!== +0 .+%! 0
! 42=+C+G! 4<C+F.<.J +% +C ..2H= J2F C2 2 C)! C+G+C+!=
C)C J2F %+0 <!H< +0(7 2/! 4!24.! %+0 C)C 2<! 2/
+= = =C<!==%F. = )G+0( C22 /F) C2 2$ 2F H+.. ! C)!
!=C ,F (! 2% H)C .!G!. 2% =C<!== J2F 0 24! H+C)7 %
42==+.! C.- C2 J2F< !/4.2J!< 2< 2C2< 2FC C)! .!G!.
2% =C<!== J2F C)+0- J2F 0 /0(!7
0 %C C)!<! += (22 !G+ !0! C2 =F((!=C C)C 4!24.! 0
24! H+C) )+() H2<-.2 !/0 = %2..2H+0( 4!<+2 2%
+..0!==73 2 (2+0( - C2 H2<- /J CF..J <!=F.C +0
%!H!< !4+=2 != 2% +.. )!.C) C)0 +% J2F <! 02C H2<-+0(7
2H!G!< J2F H+.. 0!! C2 ! <!.+=C+ 2FC H)C J2F %!!.
J2F 0 /0(!7 )+= +0G2.G!= .0+0( C)! 0!! %2<
!<0+0( 0 C)! 42=+C+G! =4!C= 2% H2<- (+0=C C)!
0!(C+G! !%%!C= C)C H2<- /J )G! 20 J2F7 2<
!I/4.! J2F< ,2 /J +0G2.G! =)+%C H2<- 2< H2<-+0( +0
!IC<!/! C!/4!<CF<!= 2< %<!8F!0C +< C<G!.7 0 =2/!
=!= C)+= /+()C ! C22 /F) %2< J2F C2 24! H+C)7 2F
/J ! .! C2 +=F== C)!=! +%%+F.C+!= H+C) J2F<
EL
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
!/4.2J!< 2< H+C) 2C2< 2< 2F4C+20. )!.C) G+=!<7
)!J /+()C ! .! C2 )!.4 J2F %+0 HJ= 2% 2G!<2/+0(
C)!=! =C<!==!= H+C)+0 J2F< H2<- !0G+<20/!0C7
2< /2<! +0%2</C+20 20 24+0( H+C) =C<!== =!! 2F<
22-.!C -)** $ 1%.) )-'
@* .! .,!', , ,B'<C
C += 8F+C! 2//20 %2< 4!24.! C2 %!!. 0I+2F= 2<
!4<!==! %C!< !+0( +(02=! H+C) )!<C 20 +C+207
< +% J2F;G! !!0 +0 )2=4+C. J2F /J %!!. 0I+2F= H)!0
J2F (!C - )2/! # ,F=C H)!0 J2F;<! !I4!C+0( C2 =C<C
%!!.+0( !CC!<7 2/! 4!24.! /J )G! C)!=! %!!.+0(=
%C!< =2/! /20C)=7 2F< %!!.+0(= /J ! F! C2 0F/!< 2% <!=20= # %2< !I/4.! !+0( H2<<+! C)C
J2F;<! 02C /-+0( G!<J (22 4<2(<!== 2< C)C J2F /+()C
)G! 02C)!< )!<C CC- 2< !G!0 !+0( %<+ 2% J+0(7
< J2F /J )G! 2FC= 2FC )2H =F!==%F. J2F<
C<!C/!0C 2< 24!<C+20 H+.. !7 2/!C+/!= )G+0( C+/!
2%% H2<- 0 %%!C J2F< 20%+ !0! 2FC <!CF<0+0( C2
H2<- !=4!+..J H)!0 =2 /F) /J )G! )44!0!
H)+.! J2F )G! !!0 HJ7
C 0 C-! C+/! C2 2/! C2 C!</= H+C) H)C J2F<
20 +C+20 /!0=7 )!=! %!<= 0 )0(+0( !/2C+20= <!
02</. 0 0CF<. <!C+20 C2 C)! =C<!== 2% H)C;=
)44!0+0( C2 J2F7 2F H+.. 4<2.J )G! (22 J= 0
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
E3
J=7 2H!G!< /2=C 4!24.! =C<C C2 %!!. !CC!< =
C+/! 4==!=7 0! C)!J (!C - C2 C)!+< F=F. <2FC+0!
C)! 0I+!CJ =C<C= C2 <! F!7
!CC+0( - C2 H2<- 0 C2 J2F< F=F. <2FC+0! 2F.
)!.4 J2F C2 (!C C)<2F() C)+= 4!<+2 2% 0I+!CJ7 2H!G!<
+C /J ! C)C H2<- )= !2/! =2F<! 2% =C<!== %2<
J2F7 % C)+= += C)! =! C<J C.-+0( C2 J2F< !/4.2J!< C2 =!!
+% J2F 0 /-! )0(!= C)C H2F. <! F! J2F<
H2<-.2 7 2F /J %+0 +C += !=+!< C2 (!C J2F< 20%+ !0!
- J 4)=+0( +0 J2F< <!CF<0 C2 H2<- # %2< !I/4.!
(2+0( - %2< CH2 2< C)<!! J= H!!- C2 =C<C H+C)
F0C+. J2F %!!. /2<! 20%+ !0C7 5!! )." )-.)$ -%
0%)! 20 C)! 0!IC 4(!76
% J2F< !/4.2J!< += 02C H+..+0( 2< .! C2 )!.4 J2F =!!
$$ %* .* % 1%.) )- %$-%$ 20 4(! 'D
%2< /2<! +0%2</C+207
2< /2<! +0%2</C+20 20 24+0( H+C) 0I+!CJ 0 =C<!==
=!! 2F< 22-.!C -)** $ 1%.) )- 0 .=2 2F< =
%%!$ %)0) -) )- --! 0 "$* )- *.))1 $ -)' 5!! 4(! &L76
EE
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
.6)0* .6 06.!77'.,* 6$?*<'.,7
2/! 4!24.! # %2< !I/4.! 4+.2C= 2< C)2=! H2<-+0( 20
0 2+. <+( 2< +0 C)! </! %2<!= # )G! C2 )G! <!(F.<
)!.C) )!-*F4=7 % J2F )G! C)+= =2<C 2% ,2 0 )G! )!<C 20 +C+20 J2F< !/4.2J!< /J =- J2F C2 )G! =4!+%+ )!.C) )!-*F4 %2< J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20 !%2<!
J2F <!CF<0 C2 H2<-7 2F< !/4.2J!< H+.. .!C J2F -02H
H)C C!=C= J2F 0!! C2 )G! !%2<! J2F 0 (2 - C2
J2F< F=F. ,27
.A C.?6 A.6)0* , %*0
6?* 6<?6, <. A.6)
2/! H2<-4.!= /J 2%%!< (< F. 52< 4)=! 6 <!CF<0
C2 H2<-7 )!J /J ..2H J2F C2 (< F..J F+. F4 C)!
)2F<= C)C J2F 2 2G!< C)! %+<=C %!H /20C)= %C!< J2F (2
- C2 H2<-7 2F /+()C 0!! C2 0!(2C+C! H+C) J2F<
!/4.2J!< 2FC 2+0( =)2<C!< J= 2< =)2<C!< H!!-=7 <
J2F /+()C =- +% J2F 2F. H2<- %<2/ )2/! %2< C .!=C
=2/! 2% C)! C+/! # H)+) H2F. FC 2H0 20 J2F<
C<G!..+0( C+/! C2 H2<-7
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
ED
?0<'.,* %*<%
2/! !/4.2J!<= )G! 0 2F4C+20. )!.C)
!4<C/!0C 0 =2/! )G! !== C2 2F4C+20.
)!.C) G+=!<=7 )!J H+.. ! .! C2 ==!== H)!C)!< J2F
0 <!CF<0 C2 H2<- 0 C)! H2<-.2 C)C += =F+C.! %2<
J2F7 2/! 2F4C+20. )!.C) !4<C/!0C= /J 2%%!<
2C)!< =!<G+!= =F) = 2F0=!..+0(7 0 C)!J /J ! .!
C2 )!.4 J2F C.- C)<2F() J2F< %!!.+0(= 2FC <!CF<0+0( C2
H2<-7
F4C+20. )!.C) 0F<=!= /J .=2 ! .! C2 2%%!< J2F
=F442<C %C!< J2F <!CF<0 C2 H2<-7 2< !I/4.! +% J2F %+0
C)C <!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- .!G!= J2F H+C) .!== C+/! C2 (2 C2
2C2<;= 442+0C/!0C= J2F /J ! .! C2 =- C)!
2F4C+20. )!.C) !4<C/!0C C2 )!- J2F< .22
4<!==F<! 0 0=H!< 0J 8F!=C+20= J2F )G! 2FC J2F<
4)J=+. )!.C)7
?+, 67.?67 06<+,<
-! =F<! C)C J2F =CJ +0 .2=! 20CC H+C) J2F<
!/4.2J!<7 % J2F< H2<-4.! )= )F/0 <!=2F<!=
!4<C/!0C .!C C)!/ -02H H)!0 J2F 4.0 C2 <!CF<0 C2
H2<-7 )!J /+()C ! .! C2 4<2G+ ! =F442<C %2< J2F
!%2<! J2F (2 - C2 H2<-7 )!J 0 .=2 2%%!< G+!
20 J2F< !0C+C.!/!0C C2 4J 0 =+- .!G!7
E'
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
! C.? 6 7*!&+0*.C
% J2F;<! =!.%*!/4.2J! J2F /J %!!. F0 !< 4<!==F<! C2
<!CF<0 C2 H2<- = =220 = 42==+.!7 2C H2<-+0( /J
F=! %+00+. +%%+F.C+!= 2< J2F /J H2<<J 2FC C)!
%FCF<! 2% J2F< F=+0!== +% J2F <! HJ %<2/ +C %2< C22
.20(7
2H!G!< J2F 0!! C2 C)+0- 2FC C)! .20(*C!</ !%%!C=
20 J2F< )!.C) 0 20 J2F< F=+0!== +% J2F (2 - C2
%F..*C+/! H2<- C22 !<.J7 C /J ! (22 + ! C2 C<J C2
C-! 20 /2<! 2% 0 /+0+=C<C+G! <2.! C2 =C<C H+C) 0
.!C 2C)!<= 20C+0F! H+C) C)! 4<C+. =+ ! 2% C)! F=+0!==
+% 42==+.!7
% J2F;<! =!.%*!/4.2J! J2F 20;C )G! !/4.2J/!0C
<+()C= = =F) =+0! J2F <! J2F< 2H0 2== 0 =2 0
!+ ! %2< !I/4.! )2H /F) C2 )<(! %2< J2F< H2<0 )2H /F) C+/! 2%% C2 (+G! J2F<=!.%7 !4!0 +0( 20
H)C CJ4! 2% C+20. 0=F<0! 20C<+FC+20= J2F 4J
J2F /J ! !0C+C.! C2 !<C+0 !0!%+C= =F) = CCFC2<J
+- J 0 C)! CC! !0=+207 2H!G!< J2F H2F.
0!! C2 )!- H+C) 0 !/4.2J/!0C G+=!< 2FC
H)!C)!< J2F <! !.+(+.! %2< C)!=! !0!%+C=7 2F 0
20CC 0 G+=!< C)<2F() J2F< .2. 2!0C<! .F=
2%%+!7
% J2F;<! =!.%*!/4.2J! J2F /J )G! C-!0 2FC 0
+02/!*4<2C!C+20 +0=F<0! 42.+J7 % J2F )G! J2F
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
E&
/+()C ! .! C2 /-! .+/ 20 C)+= %2< C)! C+/! H)+.!
J2F <! 02C .! C2 H2<-7
! C.? 6 66
% !%2<! J2F H!0C +0C2 )2=4+C. J2F< /+0 ,2 H= = <!< %2< 4<C0!< <!.C+G! 2< %<+!0 J2F /J ! !0C+C.!
C2 =2/! !IC< )!.4 C2 =F442<C J2F +0 (2+0( - C2 J2F<
<!<;= <2.!7 !%2<! J2F (2 )2/! %<2/ )2=4+C. J2F /J
)G! C)! )0! C2 C.- C2 )2=4+C. =2+. H2<-!< 2FC
J2F< +<F/=C0!=7
% J2F <! 02 .20(!< .! C2 <! %2< C)! 4!<=20 F! C2
J2F< 2H0 )!.C) J2F /J 0!! /2<! =F442<C =2 2C) 2%
J2F 0 =CJ +0 J2F< 2H0 )2/!7 2< !I/4.! J2F /J !
.! C2 (!C =!<G+!= =F) = )2/! )!.4 2< J*!0C<!
=!<G+!=7 < J2F /J 0!! C2 %+0 /2<! =F+C.! )2/!
%2< C)! 4!<=20 J2F <! %2< =F) = <!=+ !0C+. <! !+C)!<
%2< =)2<C C+/! H)+.! J2F <! <!2G!<+0( 2< 4!</0!0C
4.! +0 <! )2/!7 )! )2=4+C. =2+. H2<-!< =)2F.
! .! C2 )!.4 J2F <<0(! C)!=! =!<G+!= !%2<! J2F
.!G! )2=4+C.7
% J2F <! <!< <!/!/!< C)C J2F /J ! !0C+C.! C2
.+/ <!<;= ..2H0!7 )+= += !0!%+C C2 )!.4 4!24.!
H)2 .22- %C!< =2/!20! H)2 += +=.! 7 2F 0!! C2 !
=4!0 +0( C .!=C D& )2F<= H!!- <+0( %2< 4!<=20
H)2 += +.. 2< +=.! 7 )! 4!<=20 J2F <! <+0( %2< 0!! =
E@
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
C2 ! <!!+G+0( !+C)!< +=+.+CJ +G+0( ..2H0! 2<
CC!0 0! ..2H0! %2< J2F C2 ! !.+(+.! C2 .+/7
% J2F <! (2+0( +0C2 )2=4+C. %2< 4.00! 4<2! F<! 2<
24!<C+20 J2F =)2F. =C+.. ! .! C2 .+/ <!<;=
..2H0!7 % J2F <!!+G! /! +. 2< 2C)!< C<!C/!0C =
0 +04C+!0C +0 )2=4+C. 2< =+/+.< +0=C+CFC+20 J2F<
<!<;= ..2H0! 0 =C+.. ! 4+ %2< F4 C2 3E H!!-= +0
0J E@*H!!- 4!<+2 !4!0 +0( 20 H)!C)!< J2F )G!
.=2 ) <!-= %<2/ <+0( %2< 2C)!< <!=20=7
% J2F <! 4<!0C 0 J2F )G! +.. )!.C) !F=! 2% )!<C 20 +C+20 J2F /J .=2 ! .! C2 .+/ !0!%+C C2
)!.4 H+C) J2F< <!<;= <2.!7
',,7
2F< %+00+. =+CFC+20 H+.. ! 02C)!< %C2< +0 J2F<
!+=+20 2FC H)!C)!< C2 (2 - C2 H2<-7 2<
+0%2</C+20 20 C)+= =!! C)! 0!IC 4(! 0 %2<
+0%2</C+20 20 C)! !0!%+C= J2F /J ! !0C+C.! C2 =!!
4(! DL7
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
E?
6*C 6<'6+,< .6 6?,,C
2F /J %!!. C)C J2F H0C C2 (2 - C2 H2<-7 % J2F<
2C2< += )44J %2< J2F C2 2 C)+= C)!<!;= 02 <!=20 H)J
J2F =)2F. 0;C7 2H!G!< J2F /J !+ ! C)C 02H += (22 C+/! C2 .22- C C)! .0! !CH!!0 J2F< H2<- 0
J2F< )2/! .+%!7 2/! 4!24.! /J %+0 C)C C)!J )G! +%%!<!0C CC+CF ! C2 C)!+< H2<- 0 /-! /2<!
20=+2F= !%%2<C C2 :=H+C) 2%%; 20! C)!J .!G! H2<- C C)!
!0 2% C)! J7 2/! )22=! C2 <! F! C)! C+/! C)!J
=4!0 C H2<- J (2+0( 4<C*C+/! 0 <! F+0( C)!+<
)2F<=7 C)!<= !I4.2<! C)! 24C+20 2% C-+0( !<.J
<!C+<!/!0C 2< <! F0 0J 4-(! C)C /J !
G+..! %<2/ C)!+< !/4.2J!<7
2F =)2F. 02C /-! C)! !+=+20 .+()C.J 0 +C /J C-!
=2/! C+/! %2< J2F C2 <!) +C7 2F< !+=+20 =)2F. !
=! 20 +0%2</! G+! %<2/ J2F< 2C2< < +2.2(+=C
0 2F4C+20. )!.C) G+=!< 5+% J2F< H2<-4.! )=
20!6 0 20 J2F< 2C2<;= ==!==/!0C 2% C)! CJ4! 2%
H2<- J2F 2 0 J2F< 20 +C+207
<.J <!C+<!/!0C H+.. )G! 2C) %+00+. 0 4<C+.
20=!8F!0!= %2< J2F 0 J2F< %/+.J7 2 J2F 0!! C2
(C)!< .. C)! %C= %<2/ J2F< !/4.2J!< 2< J2F< .2.
2!0C<! .F= 2%%+! !%2<! /-+0( J2F< !+=+207
E"
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
% J2F C-! !<.J <!C+<!/!0C J2F 002C .+/ C)! =CC!
4!0=+20 F0C+. J2F <!) =CC! 4!0=+20 (!7 2 (!C %2<!=C 2% )2H /F) J2F 2F. !I4!C C2 <!!+G! C
<!C+<!/!0C (! 20CC C)! !4<C/!0C %2< 2<- 0
!0=+20=; FCF<! !0=+20 !0C<! 20 L"'& DLL L3@"7
2F H20;C )G! C2 4J C+20. 0=F<0! 20C<+FC+20=
(+0 F0.!== J2F =C<C H2<- (+0 !%2<! J2F <!)
<!C+<!/!0C (!7 2H!G!< J2F /J 0!! C2 4J !IC<
C+20. 0=F<0! 20C<+FC+20= C2 /-! =F<! J2F (!C
J2F< %F.. =+ <!C+<!/!0C 4!0=+20 H)!0 J2F <!) =CC!
4!0=+20 (!7 2< +0%2</C+20 20 H)!C)!< J2F =)2F.
20C+0F! C2 4J C+20. 0=F<0! 20C<+FC+20= +% J2F
=C24 H2<-+0( !%2<! <!C+<!/!0C (! 20CC C)!
!4<C/!0C %2< 2<- 0 !0=+20=; FCF<! !0=+20
!0C<! 20 L"'& DLL L3@"7 2F /J .=2 H0C C2 (!C +0
C2F) H+C) J2F< .2. +C+K!0= G+! F<!F 2< !G!0F! F=C2/= 2%%+! %2< /2<! +0%2</C+207
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
E1
<<?<.6C ') C +0*.C+,< ,
?00.6< **.A, , .<%6 ,!'<7
)! +0%2</C+20 20 4(!= DL C2 DE 44.+!= C2 0.0*
A%. !'67< 00*C !.6 ,!'<7 <.6 >EE3
+%%!<!0C <!(F.C+20= 44.J C2 4!24.! H)2 H!<! .<! J
.+/+0( 02/! F442<C 2< 04+CJ !0!%+C !%2<!
C2!< ELL"7
)! +0%2</C+20 H= 2<<!C H)!0 C)+= 22-.!C H=
4<+0C! +0 ELL"7 2H!G!< <!(F.C+20= 20 !0!%+C= 2%C!0
)0(! !F=! 2% 0!H (2G!<0/!0C .H=7 2F< .2.
2!0C<! .F= 2%%+! H+.. ! .! C2 (+G! J2F C)! /2=C
F4*C2* C! +0%2</C+20 20 !0!%+C=7
% J2F )G! C2 C-! =+- .!G! %<2/ H2<- !F=! 2% J2F<
)!<C 20 +C+20 J2F /J ! !0C+C.! C2 <<?<.6C ')
C3 )+= += 4+ J J2F< !/4.2J!< 0 .=C= %2< F4 C2 E"
H!!-=7 % J2F 2 8F.+%J %2< CCFC2<J +- J C)!<! += /+0+/F/ /2F0C 2% /20!J C)C J2F< !/4.2J!< /F=C
4J J2F7 2F< !/4.2J!< H+.. C!.. J2F H)C J2F <! !0C+C.!
C2 0 )2H /F) C)!J H+.. 4J J2F7 2/! !/4.2J!<=
/J )22=! C2 4J J2F J2F< %F.. =.<J7 C G<+!= %<2/ 20!
!/4.2J!< C2 02C)!<7
% J2F< +02/! += .2H J2F /J .=2 ! !0C+C.! C2
DL
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
+0*.C+,< , ?00.6< **.A,3 )+= += 0
+02/!*<!.C! !0!%+C 4+ J C)! 2G!<0/!0C7 % J2F
44.J %2< C)+= ..2H0! J2F H+.. 0!! C2 )G! 2<4+.+CJ ==!==/!0C7 )+= += 0 ==!==/!0C 2% J2F<
4)J=+. 0 /!0C. +.+C+!=7 C .=2 .22-= C HJ= 2%
=F442<C+0( J2F C2 )!.4 J2F =CJ +0 2< (2 - C2 H2<-7
! C.?56 ,.< ,<'<* <. <<?<.6C ') C J2F /J !
!.+(+.! %2< /4.2J/!0C 0 F442<C ..2H0!7 % J2F
<! +0 )2=4+C. %2< .20( C+/! 0 J2F;<! 02C <!!+G+0(
CCFC2<J +- J =- =2+. H2<-!< +0 C)! )2=4+C. +%
J2F 0 .+/ /4.2J/!0C 0 F442<C ..2H0!7 %
J2F;<! =!.%*!/4.2J! J2F /J .=2 ! !0C+C.! C2 .+/
/4.2J/!0C 0 F442<C ..2H0!7
! C.?6 <<?<.6C ') C %7 , , C.? 7<'**
,,.< A.6) J2F /J ! .! C2 (!C /4.2J/!0C 0
F442<C ..2H0!7 2F 0 F+. F4 CCFC2<J +- J
2G!< 4!<+2 2% C+/!7 % J2F )G! !!0 2%% H2<- =+- 20
0 2%% = <!=F.C 2% J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20 2< F! C2 0J
2C)!< +.. )!.C) J2F /J )G! .<! J F+.C F4 E" H!!-=
2% CCFC2<J +- J7 2 J2F /+()C ! !0C+C.! C2 (2
=C<+()C 20C2 /4.2J/!0C 0 F442<C ..2H0!7 )+=
+= F=F..J 4+ = =)2<C*C!</ !0!%+C7 2H!G!< +% J2F
)G! !!0 2%% =+- %2< /2<! C)0 &E H!!-= J2F /J !
!.+(+.! %2< .20(*C!</ /4.2J/!0C 0 F442<C
..2H0!7
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
D3
2< /2<! +0%2</C+20 20 /4.2J/!0C 0 F442<C
..2H0! 20CC J2F< .2. 2!0C<! .F= 2%%+!7 2F
0 %+0 C)! 0F/!< +0 J2F< .2. 4)20! 22- 2< G+=+C
C)!+< H!=+C! 20 HHH7,2!0C<!4.F=7(2G7F 4<2(<//! ..! <%AC7 <. .6) +/= C2 )!.4
+=.! 4!24.! 0 C)2=! H+C) )!.C) 20 +C+20= C2 =CJ
+0 H2<-7 )+= <! F!= C)! )0! 2% C)!/ !4!0 +0( 20
!0!%+C= 2G!< C)! .20( C!</7 2F /J ! .! C2 (!C
=2/! %+00+. =F442<C C)<2F() C)+= 4<2(<//! C2 )!.4
J2F (!C - C2 H2<-7 2 %+0 2FC /2<! =- C J2F< .2.
2!0C<! .F= 2%%+!7
DE
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
% '7'*'<C '76'+',<'., <
)! +=+.+CJ +=<+/+0C+20 C !%+0!= +=+.+CJ = 4)J=+. 2< /!0C. +/4+</!0C H)+) )= =F=C0C+.
0 .20(*C!</ G!<=! !%%!C 20 4!<=20;= +.+CJ C2 <<J
2FC 02</. J*C2* J C+G+C+!=7
)! C =CC!= C)C +% J2F )G! !!0 <!(+=C!<! =
+=.! 5H)+) /J ! C)! =! +% J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20 +=
G!<J =!G!<!6 J2F< !/4.2J!< /F=C /-! :<!=20.!;
,F=C/!0C= C2 ..2H J2F C2 <!CF<0 C2 H2<-7 C += 02C
42==+.! +0 C)+= 22-.!C C2 2FC.+0! !IC.J H)C <!=20.! ,F=C/!0C += !F=! +C G<+!= (<!C.J %<2/
20! =+CFC+20 C2 02C)!<7 2/! !I/4.!= /+()C +0.F !
..2H+0( J2F C2 )0(! C2 =)2<C!< H2<-+0( )2F<= 2<
4<2G+ +0( 4+!! 2% !8F+4/!0C C)C /+()C /-! J2F<
,2 !=+!< 0 )!.4 J2F =C<C H2<-+0( (+07 /4.2J!<=
/J ! .! C2 (!C =2/! )!.4 %<2/ C)! 2G!<0/!0C
C2H< = C)! 2=C 2% /-+0( C)! ,F=C/!0C=7
)! 8F.+CJ 0 F/0 +()C= 2//+==+20 520CC
!C+.= 20 4(! &&6 2%%!<= +0%2</C+20 20 C)! +=+.+CJ
+=<+/+0C+20 C 0 20 C)! <+()C= 2% +=.! 4!24.!
0 C)! <!=420=++.+C+!= C)!+< !/4.2J!<= )G!7 )!+<
H!4(! -* $ )$- *--$* %)!$ $ )$$
+= 4<C+F.<.J F=!%F.7 2F 0 %+0 C)+= 20 C)!+< H!=+C! C
HHH7!8F.+CJ)F/0<+()C=72/
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
DD
C += H2<C) )!-+0( C)C J2F< !/4.2J!< -02H= 2FC C)!
+0%2</C+20 =!<G+! 2%%!<! J C)! 8F.+CJ 0 F/0
+()C= 2//+==+20 = =2/! !/4.2J!<= /J 02C -02H
C)C C)!J /J ! .! C2 (!C )!.4 C2H< = C)! 2=C 2%
/-+0( C)! ,F=C/!0C= !=<+! 20 4(! DD7
'!!'?*<'7 A'<% 6<?6,',$ <. A.6)
% J2F <! 02C 20=+ !<! C2 ! +=.! FC <! =C+.. 02C
%+C !02F() C2 <!CF<0 C2 J2F< F=F. ,2 J2F< !/4.2J!<
.!(..J 2!= 02C )G! C2 /-! 0J ,F=C/!0C= C2 ..2H
J2F C2 <!CF<0 C2 H2<-7
% J2F <! )G+0( +%%+F.C+!= H+C) J2F< !/4.2J!< 0
0!! =F442<C C2 %+0 2FC H)C <+()C= J2F /J )G! J2F
2F. 20CC C)! 8F.+CJ 0 F/0 +()C=
2//+==+20 2< +C+K!0= G+!7 5)!+< 20CC !C+.= <!
20 4(!= && 0 &'76 < J2F 0 (!C G+! %<2/ =4!+.+=C .H %+</ .C)2F() J2F H+.. )G! C2 4J %2< C)+=7
2 (!C +0 C2F) H+C) 20! 20CC C)! /4.2J/!0C
HJ!<= ==2+C+207 5!! 20CC !C+.= 20 4(! &&76
% J2F %+0 C)C J2F )G! 02 <+()C= 0 0!! C2 )0(!
J2F< ,2 =!! $$ %* .* % 1%.) )%$-%$ 20 4(! 'D7
D'
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
<?6,',$ <. A.6) '6C , %)*'7<
'6C
C /+()C ! F=!%F. C2 -!!4 +<J 2% )2H J2F %!!. F<+0(
C)! C+/! %C!< J2F .!G! )2=4+C. 0 !%2<! J2F (2 C2 H2<-7 2F 0 F=! C)! )1 $ !"*- 20 4(!= D?
C2 'E %2< C)+=7 !!4+0( +<J ..2H= J2F C2 =!! C)!
4<2(<!== C)C J2F;G! / !7 C H+.. .=2 )!.4 J2F C2 -!!4 <!2< 2% 0J 4<2.!/= J2F )G! 0 C2 %+0 4<C+.
=2.FC+20= C2 C-.! C)!/7 0 +% J2F C)+0- J2F /+()C
!+ ! C2 )0(! ,2= !F=! 2% J2F< )!<C 20 +C+20
<C)!< C)0 (2+0( - C2 J2F< 2. ,2 C)! +<J /+()C
)!.4 C2 (F+ ! J2F +0 /-+0( J2F< !+=+207
% %2< 0J <!=20 J2F )G! +=4FC! H+C) J2F< !/4.2J!<
J2F 0 F=! C)! +<J = 4!<=20. <!/+0 !< 2% !G!0C= +0
=! J2F 0!! C2 C-! J2F< =! %F<C)!<7
.=2 C)! +<J +0%2</C+20 2FC )2H J2F %!!. /J !
F=!%F. +% J2F 0!! C2 .+/ !0!%+C 0 )G! C2 )G! 2<- 4+.+CJ ==!==/!0C7 52F H+.. 0!! C2 2 2<4+.+CJ ==!==/!0C +% J2F;<! 44.J+0( %2< !0!%+C
=F) = /4.2J/!0C 0 F442<C ..2H0!7 !! 4(!
D376
!! .=2 C)! +0%2</C+20 2FC 2F< 22-.!C 1 &)%)**
)%) 20 4(! &E7
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
D&
%)*'7<
2F /J .=2 %+0 C)! )!-.+=C 20 C)! 0!IC 4(!= F=!%F.
%2< C)! 2F4.! 2% /20C)= !%2<! J2F <!CF<0 C2 H2<-7 C
<+0(= C2(!C)!< C)! /+0 42+0C= H! )G! 2G!<! +0 C)+=
22-.!C7 C .=2 (+G!= J2F =4! C2 J2F< 2H0 02C!=7 C
=)2F. )!.4 J2F C2 4.0 H)C J2F 0!! C2 2 !CH!!0
C)! C+/! H)!0 J2F .!G! )2=4+C. 0 H)!0 J2F <!CF<0 C2
H2<-7 2H!G!< +% J2F )G! 20.J ) /+02< =F<(!<J 2< =)2<C =CJ +0 )2=4+C. C)! )!-.+=C /J 02C 44.J C2 J2F7
D@
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
<?6,',$ <. A.6) '6C , %)*'7<
> +.,<%7 !.6
<<0(! C2 C.- H+C) J2F< )F/0 <!=2F<!=
!4<C/!0C 2< J2F< !/4.2J!<7
2<- 2FC +% J2F C)+0- J2F H+.. ! .! C2 /0(! J2F<
,2F<0!J C2 H2<-7
.- C2 J2F< /0(!< 2FC J2F< !I4!CC+20= 0
C)!+<=7
20=+ !< 0J 4CC+20= 2< ,F=C/!0C= C)C J2F
/+()C 0!! C2 )!.4 J2F <!CF<0 C2 H2<- /2<! !=+.J7
5!! 4(! DD76
%',$7 <. . <%'7 +.,<%
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
D?
.A C.? !*< <%'7 +.,<%
D"
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
/ +.,<% !.6
<24 +0 C2 H2<- 0 =!! J2F< 2..!(F!=7
.- C2 0 2F4C+20. )!.C) G+=!< 2< C)!
%+<=C*+ !< 2< )!.C)*0 *=%!CJ <!4<!=!0CC+G! 2FC
J2F< 20 +C+20 0 J2F< /! ++0!=7
4!- C2 J2F< /0(!< (+07 =- +% C)!<! += 0JC)+0(
J2F 0 2 %<2/ )2/! C)C /+()C )!.4 J2F H)!0 J2F
2 (2 - C2 H2<-7
% 0!!==<J %+0 2FC +% J2F 0 0!(2C+C! (< F.
<!CF<0 C2 H2<- 2< <<0(! C2 (2 +0 ,F=C %2< %!H )2F<=
C C+/! +0 C)! /2<0+0(= 2< %C!<0220=7
%',$7 <. . <%'7 +.,<%
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
D1
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'L
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
%, C.? 6<?6, <. A.6)
=! C)! =F442<C 2% J2F< 2..!(F!= /0(!/!0C 0
2C)!< =!<G+!= =F) = 2F4C+20. )!.C) 0
)F/0 <!=2F<!= =!<G+!=7
<<0(! /!!C+0( C2 =4!- H+C) J2F< /0(!< 20!
/20C) %C!< J2F <!CF<0 C2 H2<- =2 C)C J2F 0 2C)
<!G+!H )2H J2F <! 2+0(7
22- +0 =2/! )2.+ J .!G! =2 C)C J2F 0 G2+
.20( =C<!C)!= 2% C+/! C H2<-7
!C J2F<=!.% =2/! (2.= =2 J2F 0 .22- - 0 !
4<2F 2% H)C J2F )G! )+!G! 7
+G! J2F<=!.% <!H< %C!< J2F )G! )+!G! J2F<
(2.=7
.0 C2 )G! =2/! C+/! C2 <!.I HJ %<2/ H2<- 0
.=2 +% 42==+.! H)+.! J2F;<! C H2<-7
%',$7 <. . <%'7 +.,<%
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
'3
.A C.? !*< <%'7 +.,<%
'E
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
%,$',$ (.7 ?7 .! C.?6 %6<
.,'<'.,
=/.. 0F/!< 2% 4!24.! H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20= H+.. !
G+=! J C)!+< 2C2<= C)C C)!J <! 02 .20(!< %+C
!02F() C2 <<J 2FC C)!+< 4<!G+2F= ,2 !F=! 2% C)!+<
)!<C 20 +C+207 % C)+= )44!0= C2 J2F +C 2!=0;C
0!!==<+.J /!0 C)C J2F 0 0!G!< H2<- (+07 C /J
! C)C C)! CJ4! 2% H2<- J2F H!<! 2+0( H= G!<J
4)J=+..J !/0 +0( FC C)C 02C)!< CJ4! 2% H2<H2F. ! /2<! =F+C.!7 2< !I/4.! J2F< 2C2< /J
C!.. J2F C2 G2+ )!GJ .+%C+0( 2< 0J CJ4! 2% H2<- C)C +=
4)J=+..J !/0 +0( FC C)C =+CC+0(* 2H0 ,2 H2F.
! /2<! =F+C.!7
2F H+.. 0!! C2 C)+0- G!<J <!%F..J !%2<! J2F /-!
J2F< !+=+20 2FC H)!C)!< C2 )0(! ,2=7 0 J2F<
!+=+20 =)2F. ! =! 20 +0%2</! G+! %<2/ J2F<
2C2< 0 < +2.2(+=C 0 %<2/ 0 2F4C+20. )!.C)
G+=!< +% J2F< H2<-4.! )= 20!7
% J2F 0!! C2 )0(! ,2= !F=! 2% J2F< )!<C
20 +C+20 (!C +0 C2F) H+C) J2F< .2. 2!0C<! .F=
2%%+!7 )!J H+.. ! .! C2 C!.. J2F /2<! 2FC C)!
24C+20= C)C <! 24!0 C2 J2F7 )!=! /J +0.F ! C)!
%2..2H+0(7
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
'D
2F =)2F. <!(+=C!< %2< C)! 44<24<+C! !0!%+C= F0C+.
J2F <! %+C !02F() C2 =C<C .22-+0( C 2C)!< ,2 24C+20=7
-! 0 442+0C/!0C C2 /!!C +=+.+CJ !/4.2J/!0C
G+=!<7 )+= += =2/!20! H)2 4<2G+ != =F442<C %2<
4!24.! H)2 <! <!!0C.J +=.! 2< H)2=! )!.C)
20 +C+20 )= (2C H2<=! 0 H)2 0!! G+! 20
!/4.2J/!0C7 )!J 0 (+G! G+! 20 +==F!= =F) =
# -!!4+0( J2F< F<<!0C ,2
# ==!==+0( J2F< =F+C+.+CJ %2< ,2=
# 4<!4<+0( %2< H2<# <!C<+0+0( 0
# !== C2 H2<-7
!(+=C!< %2< !H !. %2< +=.! !24.!7 )+= +=
!=+(0! C2 )!.4 F0!/4.2J! 4!24.! H)2 <! .+/+0(
+=+.+CJ 2< )!.C)*<!.C! !0!%+C 0 H)2 H0C C2
H2<- FC /J 0!! )!.4 %+0 +0( C)! <+()C ,27
2F /J ! .! C2 (!C :+0*H2<- !0!%+C;7 )+= 0
''
+0.F ! H2<-+0( CI <! +C= 0 )2F=+0(*<!.C!
<!C!=7
)!J H+.. .=2 ! .! C2 C!.. J2F H)+) !0!%+C= J2F 0
.+/ +% J2F H2<- %!H!< C)0 3@ )2F<= H!!-7
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
.*?,<6C A.6)
-+0( 4<C +0 G2.F0C<J H2<- += (<!C HJ C2 /!!C 0!H
4!24.! .!<0 0!H =-+..= 0 (+0 F=!%F. !I4!<+!0!7 C )=
2C)!< +/42<C0C !0!%+C= C227 % J2F )G! !!0 F0.! C2
20C+0F! H+C) J2F< F=F. H2<- G2.F0C!!<+0( 0 ! F=!%F. =C!44+0( =C20! !+C)!< - C2 J2F< <!(F.< ,2 2<
C2 0!H <!!<7 2.F0C<J H2<- 0 .=2 )!.4 F+. J2F<
20%+ !0! !=4!+..J +% J2F;<! 2+0( C=-= C)C +0G2.G!
C-+0( 20 =2/! <!=420=++.+CJ 2< H2<-+0( H+C) 4!24.!7
!%2<! C-+0( 20 0J G2.F0C!!<+0( C)+0- 2FC
H)C J2F H0C %<2/ G2.F0C!!<+0(
H)C J2F )G! C2 2%%!< 0
)2H /F) C+/! J2F 0 (+G!7
0! J2F =C<C G2.F0C!!<+0( J2F =)2F. F=F..J !I4!C
.!< + ! 2% H)C J2F< <2.! H+.. !
44<24<+C! C<+0+0( 0 =F442<C 0
<!=20.! 2FC*2%*42-!C !I4!0=!= 5%2< !I/4.! C<G!.
!I4!0=!=67
2=C )<+C+!= <! +.J H!.2/! G2.F0C!!<=7 2F /J H0C
C2 )22=! 20! H)+) J2F 2< J2F< %/+.J )G! 4<C+F.<
+0C!<!=C +07 )!<! += H+ ! <0(! 2% G2.F0C!!<+0(
2442<CF0+C+!= H+C)+0 C)! <+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+207 2<
/2<! +0%2</C+20 G+=+C 2F< H!=+C! C %!3.6$3?) 2< !/+.
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
'&
@.*?,<6',$%!3.6$3?) 2< 4)20! E>E 8-=" E/"3
2< (!0!<. +0%2</C+20 20 G2.F0C!!<+0( G+=+C
AAA3.&'<3.6$3?)
'@
<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
0',$ A** < A.6)
0! J2F )G! (20! - C2 H2<- 0 (2C - +0C2 <2FC+0! +C;= +/42<C0C C2 C)+0- 2FC HJ= C)C J2F 0
)!.4 -!!4 J2F<=!.% H!.. 0 -!!4 J2F< )!<C = )!.C)J =
42==+.!7 )+0-+0( 2FC C)! 42=+C+G! .+%!=CJ.! )0(!=
J2F 0 /-! /+()C ! =2/!C)+0( C)C J2F 2F. =C<C
C)+0-+0( 2FC !G!0 !%2<! (2+0( - C2 H2<-7
! =4!0 .2C 2% C+/! C H2<-7 2 +C += (22 + ! C2 C<J
C2 %+0 HJ= C2 -!!4 )!.C)J H)+.! J2F <! C H2<-7
)! -+0 2% C+G+C+!= C)C J2F 0 2 C H2<- +0.F ! C)!
%2..2H+0(7
%C7'* <'@'<C < A.6)
2 %2< .F0)C+/! H.-7 C H+.. )!.4 C2 /-! =F<! J2F
(!C =2/! 2% J2F< DL /+0FC!= 2% 4)J=+. C+G+CJ J7
.0 )2H J2F 2F. =2/! !<2+ C+G+CJ # =F) =
H.- 2< J.! <+ ! # C2 J2F< ,2F<0!J C2 2< %<2/ H2<-
2< 2C)7
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=/! !I4!<+!0!7
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0!CH2<- 0 =)<! (22 4<C+! 0 C2 )!.4 0!H
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2FC J2F< .2. =F442<C (<2F4 20CC C)! !<C
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+C+K!0= G+! F<!F +=7 < J2F 0 .22- %2< +C +0 J2F<
.2. 4)20! 22-7
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!=+C! HHH7!.H!72<(7F)!J 0 4FC J2F +0 20CC H+C) .HJ!<= H)2 =4!+.+=!
+0 !/4.2J/!0C .H7
4?*'<C , ?+, '$%<7 .++'77'.,
0(.0 L"'& @L' @@3L
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2< +0%2</C+20 20 C)! +=+.+CJ +=<+/+0C+20 C 0
20 C)! <+()C= 2% +=.! 4!24.! 0 C)! <!=420=++.+C+!=
C)!+< !/4.2J!<= )G!7
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+% J2F 0!! C2 20C+0F! /-+0( C+20. 0=F<0!
20C<+FC+20= +% J2F =C24 H2<-+0( !%2<! J2F <!)
<!C+<!/!0C (!7
!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
&&
.,<6 *?7
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+0%2</C+20 20 !/4.2J/!0C =+-0!== !0!%+C= 0
..2H0!=7 2 %+0 J2F< .2. 2!0C<! .F= 2%%+! G+=+C
C)! H!=+C! 2< .22- +0 J2F< .2. 4)20! 22- F0 !<
:
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.2. 4)20! +<!C2<J7
!6,
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0C+2(F.0C=3D
0I+!CJ E3
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< +2/J24C)J 3L
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2//FC+0( 31
20%+ !0!E3
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2<20<J )!<C +=!=! 3L
+=+.+CJ +=<+/+0C+20 C DD
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)!<C CC-3L
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)!<C =F442<C (<2F4=&D
+0G=+G! C<!C/!0C 3E
.+%C+0( 3D3&
/0F. H2<-3D3&
/! ++0!= 3E
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!CF<0+0( C2 H2<- H+C) )!<C 20 +C+20
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4!0=+20 E& E1
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CCFC2<J +- J DL
=C<!== 31
=F442<C (<2F4= &D
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C<G!..+0( C2 H2<- 31
C<!C/!0C ? 3E
CJ4! 2% H2<- ? 3&
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G2.F0C<J H2<- '&
@ C.?6 7C
! H2F. H!.2/! J2F< 2//!0C= C2 )!.4 F= 4<2 F!
C)! !=C +0%2</C+20 %2< J2F7 )J 02C .!C F= -02H
H)C J2F C)+0-9 20CC F= C)<2F() 2F< H!=+C! C
%!3.6$3?):.,<<7 < H<+C! C2 F= C C)! <!== 20 C)!
- 2G!<7
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<+C+=) !<C 2F0 C+20
Acknowledgements
The British Heart Foundation would like to thank all the
GPs, cardiologists and nurses who helped to develop the
booklets in the Heart Information Series, and all the
patients who commented on the text and design.
Particular thanks for their work on this booklet are due to:
• Martin R Cowie, Professor of Cardiology, Imperial
•
College London
Hazel Foulston, Occupational Therapist, Papworth
Hospital
• Steve Grierson, Heart Patient
• Ian Lawson, Chief Medical Officer, Rolls Royce
• Angela Morris, John Oliver and Monica Swithenbank of
the Department for Work and Pensions
• Professor Anthony Newman-Taylor, Head of the
National Heart and Lung Institute
• Joanne Salloumis, Jobcentre Plus
• Nicola Williams, Cardiac Rehabilitation Sister at
Papworth Hospital, and
• Mark Wilson, Health Work Wellbeing.
Edited by Wordworks.
This booklet was last updated in October 2008.
Returning to work with a heart condition
| 59
British Heart Foundation
Greater London House
180 Hampstead Road
London NW1 7AW
Phone: 020 7554 0000
Fax: 020 7554 0100
Website: bhf.org.uk
© British Heart Foundation 2009,
Heart Information Series 21
11805
a registered charity in England and Wales (225971) and in Scotland (SC039426)
February 2009