Information System
Information
System
Knowledge
data
Information
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concept
constraint
communication
control
form
instruction
knowledge
meaning, mental stimulus
pattern
perception
representation
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Knowledge
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expertise, and skills acquired by a person
through experience or education
the theoretical or practical understanding of a
subject, what is known in a particular field or in
total
facts and information or awareness or familiarity
gained by experience of a fact or situation
Philosophical debates in general start with
Plato's formulation of knowledge as "justified
true belief". There is however no single agreed
definition of knowledge presently, nor any
prospect of one, and there remain numerous
competing theories.
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Data
Collection of facts as
the result of
– experience
– observation
– experiment
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This may consist of
– numbers
– words
– images
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Information/Data
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Information is an useful environment status
Data is a materialized information
Data is an artifact – human made
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System
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Interacting/interrelated components
interdependent components
real or abstract
forming an integrated whole
– has boundary
– input
– output
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Examples
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Banking system
Education system
Transportation system
Computer system
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Graphic Model of a System
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Context-level data flow diagram
Entity-Relationship Diagram
Use Case Model
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Context-Level Data Flow Model
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Context-level data flow diagram
– Process
– Entity
– Data flow
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Entity-Relationship Model
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Entity-Relationship Diagram
– Entity
– Relationship
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one-to-one
one-to-many
many-to-many
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Use Case Model
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Use Case diagram
– Actor
– Use Case Symbol
– Connecting line
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Management Levels
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Levels of management
– Strategic level
– Managerial level
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planning
control
– Operational level
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base on predetermined rules
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Strategic Level
Make decisions on
– long-term goal
– multiple decision objectives
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Managerial Level
Make decision on
– short-term planning
– control
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resources
forecasting future resources
solving employee problems
Partly Operational
Partly Strategic
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Operational Level
Make decisions
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– single decision objective
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that affect implementation in
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work scheduling
inventory control
shipping
receiving
control of processes (such as production)
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